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Add a why-kakoune post for review, do not publish yet
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Maxime Coste
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|
||||
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|
||||
</head>
|
||||
<body class="article">
|
||||
<div id="header">
|
||||
<h1>Why Kakoune</h1>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="content">
|
||||
<div id="preamble">
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="imageblock" style="text-align: center">
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<img src="kakoune_logo.svg" alt="kakoune logo">
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_why_invest_time_into_text_editing">Why invest time into text editing</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>While discussing with fellow developers, I was asked the following question
|
||||
a few times: We spend most of our time as developers thinking, not editing
|
||||
code; so, why invest time into mastering a complicated code editor, and why
|
||||
lose some cognitive resources on thinking about text editing instead of
|
||||
about the real programming problem?</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>I think this point of view is misguided, for a few reasons:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Despite their name, code editors are not only about editing, but also about
|
||||
code navigation. Programming is a hard task partly due to the huge amount of
|
||||
context we have to keep in mind, and being able to quickly navigate code helps
|
||||
us refresh that context, by looking at definitions, implementations, and comments.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Although code editing itself is not the most important part of programming,
|
||||
it still takes non-negligible time to perform, and can be optimized by using
|
||||
better tools.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Finally, a programming career spans a few decades, so investing a few weeks
|
||||
to improving our editing and navigating speed is definitely worth it.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_why_a_modal_text_editor">Why a modal text editor</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="_what_is_modal_text_editing">What is modal text editing</h3>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Now that we have established that investing time into mastering text editing
|
||||
is worth it, let’s focus on why I think modal text editors are the way to go.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>A modal text editor can be, as its name implies, in different modes. Depending
|
||||
on the current mode, keys have different effects: in <strong>insert</strong> mode most keys
|
||||
insert their character in the buffer, as in non-modal editors, but in <strong>normal</strong>
|
||||
(default) mode, keys have a different effect. For example, <code>w</code> can move the
|
||||
cursor to the next word, <code>y</code> can yank (copy) the current selection, <code>p</code> can
|
||||
paste, <code>u</code> can undo, <code>g</code> followed by <code>f</code> can open the filename under the cursor…​</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Some commands from <strong>normal</strong> mode would change the mode, for example <code>i</code> would
|
||||
enter <strong>insert</strong> mode, from which the <code><esc></code> key would return to <strong>normal</strong> mode.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The first thing to realize is that non-modal text editors are extremely biased
|
||||
towards insertion. They make insertion easy (by making the default behaviour of
|
||||
most keys to insert a character into the buffer) at the expense of making most
|
||||
other operations suboptimal, by requiring hard to reach keys or modifiers (or,
|
||||
even worse, moving your hand all the way to your mouse).</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Insertion is a key part of text editing, and is worth optimizing, which is
|
||||
the whole point of completion systems. But it is only a small part of text
|
||||
editing, we spend a huge amount of our editing time navigating, moving code
|
||||
around, copying, pasting and reformating.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>A modal text editor makes all these operations much more accessible, and easier
|
||||
to express. But they are not only about having convenient shortcuts.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="_modal_editing_as_a_text_editing_language">Modal editing as a text editing language</h3>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Many vi users have an epiphany when they realize that vi does not just
|
||||
provide a set of modes making various text editing shortcuts easier to type,
|
||||
but actually provides a text editing language.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Commands are composable in order to express complex changes, <code>dw</code> in vi is
|
||||
not just a shortcut to delete a word, it is the combination of a <strong>verb</strong>: <code>d</code>
|
||||
for delete, with an <strong>object</strong> <code>w</code> for word. There are more complex objects like
|
||||
<code>ib</code> (inside block) refers to the content of the parenthesis surrounding
|
||||
the cursor, so <code>yib</code> would yank (copy) the text inside the surround
|
||||
parenthesis.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>This language allows the programmer to express their intent much more closely
|
||||
than in other editors; most editors can express "delete the word after the
|
||||
next parenthesis", but more often than not, expressing that intent is more
|
||||
cumbersome than simply doing an ad-hoc edit. Text editing as a language
|
||||
changes that, by making clearly expressing your intent the fastest and easiest
|
||||
way to do your edit.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>This is a desirable property because a lot of text editing operations are
|
||||
repetitive, but only on structurally similar text: the subject text are
|
||||
different, but they follow the same structure. Being able to express the
|
||||
text editing at the structural level allows for reusable commands, and makes
|
||||
the computer do the repetitive job.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Another often overlooked property of using a text editing language is that
|
||||
it’s fun. Programmers are problem solvers, we enjoy solving problems, and
|
||||
we enjoy even more solving them with a clean and efficient solution. This
|
||||
kind of text editor transform a dull and repetitive edition task into an
|
||||
interesting puzzle to solve, and that is an engaging thing.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Think about it this way: Yes, programming is about thinking, concentrating
|
||||
on a design problem, or on a bug, understanding what needs to be done,
|
||||
designing a solution, and then writing it. More often that not, once you get
|
||||
to the writing phase, most of the thinking, problem solving, part is done,
|
||||
now the remaining task is just editing the code. Modal editors make this
|
||||
phase both faster, and more fun.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_why_kakoune">Why Kakoune</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Up to now, I have used vi as an example for modal text editor, mostly because
|
||||
I expect most programmers have at least heard of it. However, I dont believe
|
||||
vi and clones are the best modal text editor out there.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>I have been working, for the last 5 years, on a new modal editor called
|
||||
Kakoune. It first started as a reimplementation of Vim (the most popular vi
|
||||
clone) whose source code is quite dated. But, I soon realized that we could
|
||||
improve a lot on vi editing model.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="_improving_on_the_editing_model">Improving on the editing model</h3>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>vi basic grammar is <strong>verb</strong> followed by <strong>object</strong>; it’s nice because it matches
|
||||
well with the order we use in English, "delete word". On the other hand,
|
||||
it does not match well with the nature of what we express: There is only a
|
||||
handfull of <strong>verbs</strong> in text editing (<strong>d*elete, *y*ank, *p*aste, *i*nsert…​),
|
||||
and they don’t compose, contrarily to *objects</strong> which can be arbitrarily
|
||||
complex, and difficult to express. That means that errors are not handled
|
||||
well. If you express your object wrongly with a delete verb, the wrong text
|
||||
will get deleted, you will need to undo, and try again.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Kakoune’s grammar is <strong>object</strong> followed by <strong>verb</strong>, combined with instantaneous
|
||||
feedback, that means you always see the current object (In Kakoune we call
|
||||
that the selection) before you apply your change, which allows you to correct
|
||||
errors on the go.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Kakoune tries hard to fix one of the big problems with the vi model: its
|
||||
lack of interactivity. Because of the <strong>verb</strong> followed by <strong>object</strong> grammar,
|
||||
vi changes are made in the dark, we dont see their effect until the whole
|
||||
editing <strong>sentence</strong> is finished. <code>dtf</code> will delete to next <strong>f</strong>, if you then
|
||||
realize that was one <strong>f</strong> before the one you targeted, you need to undo,
|
||||
go back to your initial position, and try again with <code>d2tf</code>. In Kakoune, you
|
||||
would do <code>tf</code>, see immediately that that is not the <strong>f</strong> you were looking for,
|
||||
type <code>Tf</code> to extend the selection until the correct <strong>f</strong>, then <code>d</code> to delete.
|
||||
At each step you get visual feedback, and have the opportunity to correct it.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>At the lower level, the problem is that vi treats moving around and selecting
|
||||
an object as two different things. Kakoune unifies that, moving <strong>is</strong> selecting.
|
||||
<code>w</code> does not just go to the next word, it selects from current position to
|
||||
the next word. By convention, capital commands tend to expand the selection,
|
||||
so <code>W</code> would expand the current selection to the next word.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="_multiple_selections">Multiple selections</h3>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Another particular feature of Kakoune is its support for, and emphasis
|
||||
towards the use of multiple selections. Multiple selections in Kakoune
|
||||
are not just one additional feature, it is the central way of interacting
|
||||
with your text. For example there is no such thing as a "global replace" in
|
||||
Kakoune. What you would do is select the whole buffer with the <code>%</code> command,
|
||||
then select all matches for a regex in the current selections (that is the
|
||||
whole buffer herer) with the <code>s</code> command, which prompts for a regex. You would
|
||||
end up with one selection for each match of your regex and use the insert
|
||||
mode to do your change. Globally replacing foo with bar would be done with
|
||||
<code>%sfoo<ret>cbar<esc></code> which is just the combination of basic building blocks.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="videoblock">
|
||||
<div class="title">Global replace</div>
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<video src="video/global-replace.webm" autoplay controls loop>
|
||||
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
||||
</video>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Multiple selections provides us with a very powerfull to express structural
|
||||
selection: we can subselect matches inside the current selections, keep
|
||||
selections containing/not containing a match, split selections on a regex,
|
||||
swap selections contents…​</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>For example, convert from <code>snake_case_style</code> to <code>camelCaseStyle</code> can be done
|
||||
by selecting the word (with <code>w</code> for example) then subselecting underscores
|
||||
in the word with <code>s_<ret></code>, deleting these with <code>d</code>, then upper casing the
|
||||
selected characters with <code>~</code>. The inverse operation could be done by selecting
|
||||
the word, then subselecting the upper case characters with <code>s[A-Z]<ret></code>
|
||||
lower casing them with ``` and then inserting an underscode before them with
|
||||
<code>i_<esc></code> This operation could be put in a macro, and would be reusable
|
||||
easily to convert any identifier.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="videoblock">
|
||||
<div class="title">Camel case to snake case</div>
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<video src="video/camel.webm" autoplay controls loop>
|
||||
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
||||
</video>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Another example would be parameter swapping, if you had <code>func(arg2, arg1);</code>
|
||||
you could select the contents of the parenthesis with <code><a-i>(</code>, split the
|
||||
selection on comma with <code>S, <ret></code>, and swap selection contents with <code><a-'></code>.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="videoblock">
|
||||
<div class="title">Swapping arguments</div>
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<video src="video/args-swap.webm" autoplay controls loop>
|
||||
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
||||
</video>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>It is as well easy to use multiple selections for alignment, as the <code>&</code>
|
||||
command will align all selection cursors by inserting blanks before
|
||||
selection start</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="videoblock">
|
||||
<div class="title">Aligning variables</div>
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<video src="video/align.webm" autoplay controls loop>
|
||||
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
||||
</video>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Or to use multiple selections as a way to gather some text from different
|
||||
places and regroup it in another place, thanks to a special form of pasting
|
||||
<code><a-p></code> that will paste every yanked selections instead of the first one.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="videoblock">
|
||||
<div class="title">Regrouping manager objects together</div>
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<video src="video/regroup.webm" autoplay controls loop>
|
||||
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
||||
</video>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="_discoverability">Discoverability</h3>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Keyboard oriented programs tend to be at a disadvantage compared to GUI
|
||||
applications because they are less discoverable; there is no menu bar on
|
||||
which to click to see the available options, no tooltip appearing when you
|
||||
hover above a button explaining what it does.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Kakoune solves this problem through the use of two mechanisms: extensive
|
||||
completion support, and auto-information display.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>When a command is written in a prompt, Kakoune will automatically open a menu
|
||||
providing you with the available completions for the current parameter. It
|
||||
will know if the parameter is supposed to be a word against a fixed set
|
||||
of word, the name of a buffer, a filename, etc…​ Actually, as soon as <code>:</code>
|
||||
is typed, entering command prompt mode, the list of existing commands will
|
||||
be displayed in the completion menu.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Additionally, Kakoune will display an information box, describing what the
|
||||
command does, what optional switches it can take, what they do…​</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="videoblock">
|
||||
<div class="title">Command discoverability</div>
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<video src="video/discoverability.webm" autoplay controls loop>
|
||||
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
||||
</video>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>That information box gets displayed in other cases, for example if the <code>g</code>
|
||||
key is hit, which then waits for another key (<code>g</code> is the <strong>goto</strong> commands
|
||||
prefix), an information box will display all the recognized keys, informing
|
||||
the user that Kakoune is waiting on a keystroke, and listing the available
|
||||
options.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>To go even further in discoverablility, the auto information system can
|
||||
be set to display an information box after each normal mode keystroke,
|
||||
explaining what the key pressed just did.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="_extensive_completion_support">Extensive completion support</h3>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Keyboard oriented programs are much easier to work with when they provide
|
||||
extensive completion support. For a long time, completion has been prefix
|
||||
based, and that has been working very well.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>More recently, we started to see more and more programs using the so called
|
||||
fuzzy completion. Fuzzy completion tends to be subsequence based, instead
|
||||
of prefix based, which means the typed query needs to be a subsequence of
|
||||
a candidate to be considered matching, instead of a prefix. That will generate
|
||||
more candidates (all prefix matches are also subsequence matches), so it
|
||||
needs a good ranking algorithm to sort the matches and put the best ones first.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Kakoune embraces fuzzy matching for its completion support, which kicks in both
|
||||
during insert mode, and prompt mode.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="videoblock">
|
||||
<div class="title">Word completion support</div>
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<video src="video/completion.webm" autoplay controls loop>
|
||||
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
||||
</video>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Insert mode completion provides completion suggestions while inserting in the
|
||||
buffer, it can complete words from the buffer, or from all buffers, lines,
|
||||
filenames, or get completion candidates from an external source, making it
|
||||
possible to implement intelligent code completion.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="videoblock">
|
||||
<div class="title">Language specific completion support</div>
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<video src="video/cpp-completion.webm" autoplay controls loop>
|
||||
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
||||
</video>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Prompt completion is displayed whenever we enter command mode, and provides
|
||||
completion candidates that are adapted to the command being entered, and to
|
||||
the current argument being edited.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="_a_better_unix_citizen">A better unix citizen</h3>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Easily making programs cooperate with each others is one of the main strength
|
||||
of the Unix environment. Kakoune is designed to integrate nicely with a POSIX
|
||||
system: various text editing commands give direct access to the power of POSIX
|
||||
tools, like <code>|</code>, which prompts for a shell command and pipe selections through
|
||||
it, replacing their contents with the command output, or <code>$</code> that prompts for
|
||||
a command, and keeps selections for which the command returned success.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>This is only the tip of the iceberg, Kakoune is very easily controllable from
|
||||
the shell, just pipe whatever commands you like to <code>kak -p <session></code>, and the
|
||||
target Kakoune session will execute these.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Kakoune command line also support shell expansion, similar to what <code>$(...)</code>
|
||||
does in a shell. If you type <code>echo %sh{ echo hello }</code> in the command prompt,
|
||||
"hello" will get displayed in the status line. Various values from Kakoune
|
||||
can be accessed in these expand through environment variables, which, along
|
||||
with shell scripting forms the basis of Kakoune extension model.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>This model, although a bit less familiar than integrating a scripting language,
|
||||
is conceptually very simple, relatively simple implementation-wise, and is
|
||||
expressive enough to implement a custom code completer, linters, formatters…​</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Moreover, combined with support for <code>fifo</code> buffers, that read data from a
|
||||
named <code>fifo</code>, Kakoune ends up with an extension model that easily support
|
||||
asynchronous tasks, by forking a shell in the background to do long lived
|
||||
work (<code>grep</code> or <code>make</code> for example) while displaying the result as they
|
||||
come through the <code>fifo</code>.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Kakoune also tries to limit its scope to code editing: in particular, it does
|
||||
not try to manage windows, and lets the system’s window manager, or terminal
|
||||
multiplexer (such as tmux), handle that responsiblity. This is achieved through
|
||||
a client/server design: An editing session runs on a server process, and
|
||||
multiple clients can connect to that session to display different buffers.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="videoblock">
|
||||
<div class="title">Asynchronous make and multiple clients in tmux</div>
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<video src="video/async.webm" autoplay controls loop>
|
||||
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
||||
</video>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_final_thoughts">Final Thoughts</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Kakoune provides an efficient code editing environment, both very predictible,
|
||||
hence scriptable, and very interactive. Its learning curve is considerably
|
||||
easier than Vim thanks to a more consistent design associated with strong
|
||||
discoverability, while still being faster (as in less keystrokes) in most
|
||||
use cases.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Although easier to learn than Vim, the learning curve is still quite steep,
|
||||
however we have established that investing time into optimizing the text
|
||||
editing workflow is worth it for programmers. Moreover, Kakoune simply makes
|
||||
code editing a fun and rewarding experience.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Kakoune is still evolving, getting better as we get more users, and gathering
|
||||
more use cases to cater for. It’s already a very good code editor, and we need
|
||||
you to use it so that it can be made even better.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer">
|
||||
<div id="footer-text">
|
||||
Last updated 2016-12-11 19:08:08 GMT
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user