mirror of
https://github.com/mawww/kakoune.git
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b8e1d507d2
Fixes #2491
936 lines
53 KiB
HTML
936 lines
53 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<!--[if IE]><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><![endif]-->
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 1.5.7.1">
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<meta name="author" content="Maxime Coste">
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<title>Why Kakoune — The quest for a better code editor</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700">
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<style>
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/* Asciidoctor default stylesheet | MIT License | http://asciidoctor.org */
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/* Uncomment @import statement below to use as custom stylesheet */
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/*@import "https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700";*/
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article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,main,nav,section,summary{display:block}
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audio,canvas,video{display:inline-block}
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audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:0}
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script{display:none!important}
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html{font-family:sans-serif;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
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a{background:transparent}
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a:focus{outline:thin dotted}
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a:active,a:hover{outline:0}
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h1{font-size:2em;margin:.67em 0}
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abbr[title]{border-bottom:1px dotted}
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b,strong{font-weight:bold}
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dfn{font-style:italic}
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hr{-moz-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box;height:0}
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mark{background:#ff0;color:#000}
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code,kbd,pre,samp{font-family:monospace;font-size:1em}
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pre{white-space:pre-wrap}
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q{quotes:"\201C" "\201D" "\2018" "\2019"}
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small{font-size:80%}
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sub,sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}
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sup{top:-.5em}
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sub{bottom:-.25em}
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img{border:0}
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svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden}
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figure{margin:0}
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fieldset{border:1px solid silver;margin:0 2px;padding:.35em .625em .75em}
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legend{border:0;padding:0}
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button,input,select,textarea{font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;margin:0}
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button,input{line-height:normal}
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button,select{text-transform:none}
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button,html input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"]{-webkit-appearance:button;cursor:pointer}
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button[disabled],html input[disabled]{cursor:default}
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input[type="checkbox"],input[type="radio"]{box-sizing:border-box;padding:0}
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button::-moz-focus-inner,input::-moz-focus-inner{border:0;padding:0}
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textarea{overflow:auto;vertical-align:top}
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table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}
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*,*::before,*::after{-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}
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html,body{font-size:100%}
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body{background:#fff;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);padding:0;margin:0;font-family:"Noto Serif","DejaVu Serif",serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;line-height:1;position:relative;cursor:auto;tab-size:4;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}
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a:hover{cursor:pointer}
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img,object,embed{max-width:100%;height:auto}
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object,embed{height:100%}
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img{-ms-interpolation-mode:bicubic}
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.left{float:left!important}
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.hide{display:none}
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img,object,svg{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}
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textarea{height:auto;min-height:50px}
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select{width:100%}
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.center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}
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.stretch{width:100%}
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.subheader,.admonitionblock td.content>.title,.audioblock>.title,.exampleblock>.title,.imageblock>.title,.listingblock>.title,.literalblock>.title,.stemblock>.title,.openblock>.title,.paragraph>.title,.quoteblock>.title,table.tableblock>.title,.verseblock>.title,.videoblock>.title,.dlist>.title,.olist>.title,.ulist>.title,.qlist>.title,.hdlist>.title{line-height:1.45;color:#7a2518;font-weight:400;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.25em}
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div,dl,dt,dd,ul,ol,li,h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6,pre,form,p,blockquote,th,td{margin:0;padding:0;direction:ltr}
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a{color:#2156a5;text-decoration:underline;line-height:inherit}
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a:hover,a:focus{color:#1d4b8f}
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a img{border:none}
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p{font-family:inherit;font-weight:400;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:1.25em;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}
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p aside{font-size:.875em;line-height:1.35;font-style:italic}
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h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;font-weight:300;font-style:normal;color:#ba3925;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:.5em;line-height:1.0125em}
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h1{font-size:2.125em}
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h2{font-size:1.6875em}
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h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{font-size:1.375em}
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h4,h5{font-size:1.125em}
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h6{font-size:1em}
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hr{border:solid #ddddd8;border-width:1px 0 0;clear:both;margin:1.25em 0 1.1875em;height:0}
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em,i{font-style:italic;line-height:inherit}
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strong,b{font-weight:bold;line-height:inherit}
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small{font-size:60%;line-height:inherit}
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code{font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;font-weight:400;color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)}
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ul,ol,dl{font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:1.25em;list-style-position:outside;font-family:inherit}
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ul,ol{margin-left:1.5em}
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ul li ul,ul li ol{margin-left:1.25em;margin-bottom:0;font-size:1em}
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ul.square li ul,ul.circle li ul,ul.disc li ul{list-style:inherit}
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ul.square{list-style-type:square}
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ul.circle{list-style-type:circle}
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ul.disc{list-style-type:disc}
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ol li ul,ol li ol{margin-left:1.25em;margin-bottom:0}
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dl dt{margin-bottom:.3125em;font-weight:bold}
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dl dd{margin-bottom:1.25em}
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abbr,acronym{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:90%;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);border-bottom:1px dotted #ddd;cursor:help}
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abbr{text-transform:none}
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blockquote{margin:0 0 1.25em;padding:.5625em 1.25em 0 1.1875em;border-left:1px solid #ddd}
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blockquote cite{display:block;font-size:.9375em;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6)}
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blockquote cite::before{content:"\2014 \0020"}
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blockquote cite a,blockquote cite a:visited{color:rgba(0,0,0,.6)}
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blockquote,blockquote p{line-height:1.6;color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)}
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@media screen and (min-width:768px){h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{line-height:1.2}
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h1{font-size:2.75em}
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h2{font-size:2.3125em}
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h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{font-size:1.6875em}
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h4{font-size:1.4375em}}
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table{background:#fff;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:solid 1px #dedede}
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table thead,table tfoot{background:#f7f8f7}
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table thead tr th,table thead tr td,table tfoot tr th,table tfoot tr td{padding:.5em .625em .625em;font-size:inherit;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);text-align:left}
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table tr th,table tr td{padding:.5625em .625em;font-size:inherit;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8)}
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table tr.even,table tr.alt,table tr:nth-of-type(even){background:#f8f8f7}
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table thead tr th,table tfoot tr th,table tbody tr td,table tr td,table tfoot tr td{display:table-cell;line-height:1.6}
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h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{line-height:1.2;word-spacing:-.05em}
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h1 strong,h2 strong,h3 strong,#toctitle strong,.sidebarblock>.content>.title strong,h4 strong,h5 strong,h6 strong{font-weight:400}
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.clearfix::before,.clearfix::after,.float-group::before,.float-group::after{content:" ";display:table}
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.clearfix::after,.float-group::after{clear:both}
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*:not(pre)>code{font-size:.9375em;font-style:normal!important;letter-spacing:0;padding:.1em .5ex;word-spacing:-.15em;background-color:#f7f7f8;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px;line-height:1.45;text-rendering:optimizeSpeed;word-wrap:break-word}
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*:not(pre)>code.nobreak{word-wrap:normal}
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*:not(pre)>code.nowrap{white-space:nowrap}
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pre,pre>code{line-height:1.45;color:rgba(0,0,0,.9);font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;font-weight:400;text-rendering:optimizeSpeed}
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em em{font-style:normal}
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strong strong{font-weight:400}
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.keyseq{color:rgba(51,51,51,.8)}
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kbd{font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;display:inline-block;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);font-size:.65em;line-height:1.45;background-color:#f7f7f7;border:1px solid #ccc;-webkit-border-radius:3px;border-radius:3px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 0 0 .1em white inset;box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 0 0 .1em #fff inset;margin:0 .15em;padding:.2em .5em;vertical-align:middle;position:relative;top:-.1em;white-space:nowrap}
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.keyseq kbd:first-child{margin-left:0}
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.keyseq kbd:last-child{margin-right:0}
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.menuseq,.menuref{color:#000}
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.menuseq b:not(.caret),.menuref{font-weight:inherit}
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.menuseq{word-spacing:-.02em}
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.menuseq b.caret{font-size:1.25em;line-height:.8}
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.menuseq i.caret{font-weight:bold;text-align:center;width:.45em}
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b.button::before,b.button::after{position:relative;top:-1px;font-weight:400}
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b.button::before{content:"[";padding:0 3px 0 2px}
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b.button::after{content:"]";padding:0 2px 0 3px}
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p a>code:hover{color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)}
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#header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;max-width:62.5em;*zoom:1;position:relative;padding-left:.9375em;padding-right:.9375em}
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#header::before,#header::after,#content::before,#content::after,#footnotes::before,#footnotes::after,#footer::before,#footer::after{content:" ";display:table}
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#header::after,#content::after,#footnotes::after,#footer::after{clear:both}
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#content{margin-top:1.25em}
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#content::before{content:none}
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#header>h1:first-child{color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);margin-top:2.25rem;margin-bottom:0}
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#header>h1:first-child+#toc{margin-top:8px;border-top:1px solid #ddddd8}
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#header>h1:only-child,body.toc2 #header>h1:nth-last-child(2){border-bottom:1px solid #ddddd8;padding-bottom:8px}
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#header .details{border-bottom:1px solid #ddddd8;line-height:1.45;padding-top:.25em;padding-bottom:.25em;padding-left:.25em;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);display:-ms-flexbox;display:-webkit-flex;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;-webkit-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap}
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#header .details span:first-child{margin-left:-.125em}
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#header .details span.email a{color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)}
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#header .details br{display:none}
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#header .details br+span::before{content:"\00a0\2013\00a0"}
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#header .details br+span.author::before{content:"\00a0\22c5\00a0";color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)}
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#header .details br+span#revremark::before{content:"\00a0|\00a0"}
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#header #revnumber{text-transform:capitalize}
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#header #revnumber::after{content:"\00a0"}
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#content>h1:first-child:not([class]){color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);border-bottom:1px solid #ddddd8;padding-bottom:8px;margin-top:0;padding-top:1rem;margin-bottom:1.25rem}
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#toc{border-bottom:1px solid #efefed;padding-bottom:.5em}
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#toc>ul{margin-left:.125em}
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#toc ul.sectlevel0>li>a{font-style:italic}
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#toc ul.sectlevel0 ul.sectlevel1{margin:.5em 0}
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#toc ul{font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;list-style-type:none}
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#toc li{line-height:1.3334;margin-top:.3334em}
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#toc a{text-decoration:none}
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#toc a:active{text-decoration:underline}
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#toctitle{color:#7a2518;font-size:1.2em}
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@media screen and (min-width:768px){#toctitle{font-size:1.375em}
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body.toc2{padding-left:15em;padding-right:0}
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#toc.toc2{margin-top:0!important;background-color:#f8f8f7;position:fixed;width:15em;left:0;top:0;border-right:1px solid #efefed;border-top-width:0!important;border-bottom-width:0!important;z-index:1000;padding:1.25em 1em;height:100%;overflow:auto}
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#toc.toc2 #toctitle{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.8rem;font-size:1.2em}
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#toc.toc2>ul{font-size:.9em;margin-bottom:0}
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#toc.toc2 ul ul{margin-left:0;padding-left:1em}
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#toc.toc2 ul.sectlevel0 ul.sectlevel1{padding-left:0;margin-top:.5em;margin-bottom:.5em}
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body.toc2.toc-right{padding-left:0;padding-right:15em}
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body.toc2.toc-right #toc.toc2{border-right-width:0;border-left:1px solid #efefed;left:auto;right:0}}
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@media screen and (min-width:1280px){body.toc2{padding-left:20em;padding-right:0}
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#toc.toc2{width:20em}
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#toc.toc2 #toctitle{font-size:1.375em}
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#toc.toc2>ul{font-size:.95em}
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#toc.toc2 ul ul{padding-left:1.25em}
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body.toc2.toc-right{padding-left:0;padding-right:20em}}
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#content #toc{border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-color:#e0e0dc;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#f8f8f7;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px}
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#content #toc>:first-child{margin-top:0}
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#content #toc>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
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#footer{max-width:100%;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);padding:1.25em}
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#footer-text{color:rgba(255,255,255,.8);line-height:1.44}
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#content{margin-bottom:.625em}
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.sect1{padding-bottom:.625em}
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@media screen and (min-width:768px){#content{margin-bottom:1.25em}
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.sect1{padding-bottom:1.25em}}
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.sect1:last-child{padding-bottom:0}
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.sect1+.sect1{border-top:1px solid #efefed}
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#content h1>a.anchor,h2>a.anchor,h3>a.anchor,#toctitle>a.anchor,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor,h4>a.anchor,h5>a.anchor,h6>a.anchor{position:absolute;z-index:1001;width:1.5ex;margin-left:-1.5ex;display:block;text-decoration:none!important;visibility:hidden;text-align:center;font-weight:400}
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#content h1>a.anchor::before,h2>a.anchor::before,h3>a.anchor::before,#toctitle>a.anchor::before,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor::before,h4>a.anchor::before,h5>a.anchor::before,h6>a.anchor::before{content:"\00A7";font-size:.85em;display:block;padding-top:.1em}
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#content h1:hover>a.anchor,#content h1>a.anchor:hover,h2:hover>a.anchor,h2>a.anchor:hover,h3:hover>a.anchor,#toctitle:hover>a.anchor,.sidebarblock>.content>.title:hover>a.anchor,h3>a.anchor:hover,#toctitle>a.anchor:hover,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor:hover,h4:hover>a.anchor,h4>a.anchor:hover,h5:hover>a.anchor,h5>a.anchor:hover,h6:hover>a.anchor,h6>a.anchor:hover{visibility:visible}
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#content h1>a.link,h2>a.link,h3>a.link,#toctitle>a.link,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.link,h4>a.link,h5>a.link,h6>a.link{color:#ba3925;text-decoration:none}
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#content h1>a.link:hover,h2>a.link:hover,h3>a.link:hover,#toctitle>a.link:hover,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.link:hover,h4>a.link:hover,h5>a.link:hover,h6>a.link:hover{color:#a53221}
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.audioblock,.imageblock,.literalblock,.listingblock,.stemblock,.videoblock{margin-bottom:1.25em}
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.admonitionblock td.content>.title,.audioblock>.title,.exampleblock>.title,.imageblock>.title,.listingblock>.title,.literalblock>.title,.stemblock>.title,.openblock>.title,.paragraph>.title,.quoteblock>.title,table.tableblock>.title,.verseblock>.title,.videoblock>.title,.dlist>.title,.olist>.title,.ulist>.title,.qlist>.title,.hdlist>.title{text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;text-align:left;font-family:"Noto Serif","DejaVu Serif",serif;font-size:1rem;font-style:italic}
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table.tableblock.fit-content>caption.title{white-space:nowrap;width:0}
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.paragraph.lead>p,#preamble>.sectionbody>[class="paragraph"]:first-of-type p{font-size:1.21875em;line-height:1.6;color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)}
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table.tableblock #preamble>.sectionbody>[class="paragraph"]:first-of-type p{font-size:inherit}
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.admonitionblock>table{border-collapse:separate;border:0;background:none;width:100%}
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.admonitionblock>table td.icon{text-align:center;width:80px}
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.admonitionblock>table td.icon img{max-width:none}
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.admonitionblock>table td.icon .title{font-weight:bold;font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase}
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.admonitionblock>table td.content{padding-left:1.125em;padding-right:1.25em;border-left:1px solid #ddddd8;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6)}
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.admonitionblock>table td.content>:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
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.exampleblock>.content{border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-color:#e6e6e6;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#fff;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px}
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.exampleblock>.content>:first-child{margin-top:0}
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.exampleblock>.content>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
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.sidebarblock{border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-color:#e0e0dc;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#f8f8f7;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px}
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.sidebarblock>:first-child{margin-top:0}
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.sidebarblock>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
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.sidebarblock>.content>.title{color:#7a2518;margin-top:0;text-align:center}
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.exampleblock>.content>:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .olist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .ulist>ul>li:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .qlist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content>:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .olist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .ulist>ul>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .qlist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
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.literalblock pre,.listingblock pre:not(.highlight),.listingblock pre[class="highlight"],.listingblock pre[class^="highlight "],.listingblock pre.CodeRay,.listingblock pre.prettyprint{background:#f7f7f8}
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.sidebarblock .literalblock pre,.sidebarblock .listingblock pre:not(.highlight),.sidebarblock .listingblock pre[class="highlight"],.sidebarblock .listingblock pre[class^="highlight "],.sidebarblock .listingblock pre.CodeRay,.sidebarblock .listingblock pre.prettyprint{background:#f2f1f1}
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@media amzn-kf8{#header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{padding:0}}
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</style>
|
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</head>
|
|
<body class="article">
|
|
<div id="header">
|
|
<h1>Why Kakoune — The quest for a better code editor</h1>
|
|
<div class="details">
|
|
<span id="author" class="author">Maxime Coste</span><br>
|
|
<span id="email" class="email"><a href="mailto:mawww@kakoune.org">mawww@kakoune.org</a></span><br>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="content">
|
|
<div id="preamble">
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="imageblock" style="text-align: center">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<a class="image" href="http://kakoune.org"><img src="kakoune_logo.svg" alt="kakoune logo"></a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_why_invest_time_into_text_editing">Why invest time into text editing</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>While discussing with fellow developers, I was asked the following question
|
|
a few times: We spend most of our time as developers thinking, not editing
|
|
code; so, why invest time into mastering a complicated code editor, and why
|
|
lose some cognitive resources on thinking about text editing instead of
|
|
about the real programming problem?</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>I think this point of view is misguided, for a few reasons:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Despite their name, code editors are not only about editing, but also about
|
|
code navigation. Programming is a hard task partly due to the huge amount of
|
|
context we have to keep in mind, and being able to quickly navigate code helps
|
|
us refresh that context, by looking at definitions, implementations, and comments.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Although code editing itself is not the most important part of programming,
|
|
it still takes non-negligible time to perform, and can be optimized by using
|
|
better tools.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Finally, a programming career spans a few decades, so investing a few weeks
|
|
to improving our editing and navigating speed is definitely worth it.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_why_a_modal_text_editor">Why a modal text editor</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_what_is_modal_text_editing">What is modal text editing</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Now that we have established that investing time into mastering text editing
|
|
is worth it, let’s focus on why I think modal text editors are the way to go.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>A modal text editor can be, as its name implies, in different modes. Depending
|
|
on the current mode, keys have different effects: in <strong>insert</strong> mode most keys
|
|
insert their character in the buffer, as in non-modal editors, but in <strong>normal</strong>
|
|
(default) mode, keys have a different effect. For example, <code>w</code> can move the
|
|
cursor to the next word, <code>y</code> can yank (copy) the current selection, <code>p</code> can
|
|
paste, <code>u</code> can undo, <code>g</code> followed by <code>f</code> can open the filename under the cursor…​</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Some commands from <strong>normal</strong> mode would change the mode, for example <code>i</code> would
|
|
enter <strong>insert</strong> mode, from which the <code><esc></code> key would return to <strong>normal</strong> mode.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The first thing to realize is that non-modal text editors are extremely biased
|
|
towards insertion. They make insertion easy (by making the default behaviour of
|
|
most keys to insert a character into the buffer) at the expense of making most
|
|
other operations suboptimal, by requiring hard to reach keys or modifiers (or,
|
|
even worse, moving your hand all the way to your mouse).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Insertion is a key part of text editing, and is worth optimizing, which is
|
|
the whole point of completion systems. But it is only a small part of text
|
|
editing, we spend a huge amount of our editing time navigating, moving code
|
|
around, copying, pasting and reformating.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>A modal text editor makes all these operations much more accessible, and easier
|
|
to express. But they are not only about having convenient shortcuts.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_modal_editing_as_a_text_editing_language">Modal editing as a text editing language</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Many vi users have an epiphany when they realize that vi does not just
|
|
provide a set of modes making various text editing shortcuts easier to type,
|
|
but actually provides a text editing language.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Commands are composable in order to express complex changes, <code>dw</code> in vi is
|
|
not just a shortcut to delete a word, it is the combination of a <strong>verb</strong>: <code>d</code>
|
|
for delete, with an <strong>object</strong> <code>w</code> for word. There are more complex objects like
|
|
<code>ib</code> (inside block) refers to the content of the parenthesis surrounding
|
|
the cursor, so <code>yib</code> would yank (copy) the text inside the surround
|
|
parenthesis.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This language allows the programmer to express their intent much more closely
|
|
than in other editors; most editors can express "delete the word after the
|
|
next parenthesis", but more often than not, expressing that intent is more
|
|
cumbersome than simply doing an ad-hoc edit. Text editing as a language
|
|
changes that, by making clearly expressing your intent the fastest and easiest
|
|
way to do your edit.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This is a desirable property because a lot of text editing operations are
|
|
repetitive, but only on structurally similar text: the subject text are
|
|
different, but they follow the same structure. Being able to express the
|
|
text editing at the structural level allows for reusable commands, and makes
|
|
the computer do the repetitive job.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Another often overlooked property of using a text editing language is that
|
|
it’s fun. Programmers are problem solvers, we enjoy solving problems, and
|
|
we enjoy even more solving them with a clean and efficient solution. This
|
|
kind of text editor transform a dull and repetitive edition task into an
|
|
interesting puzzle to solve, and that is an engaging thing.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Think about it this way: Yes, programming is about thinking, concentrating
|
|
on a design problem, or on a bug, understanding what needs to be done,
|
|
designing a solution, and then writing it. More often that not, once you get
|
|
to the writing phase, most of the thinking, problem solving, part is done,
|
|
now the remaining task is just editing the code. Modal editors make this
|
|
phase both faster, and more fun.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_why_kakoune">Why Kakoune</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Up to now, I have used vi as an example for modal text editor, mostly because
|
|
I expect most programmers have at least heard of it. However, I dont believe
|
|
vi and clones are the best modal text editor out there.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>I have been working, for the last 5 years, on a new modal editor called
|
|
Kakoune. It first started as a reimplementation of Vim (the most popular vi
|
|
clone) whose source code is quite dated. But, I soon realized that we could
|
|
improve a lot on vi editing model.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_improving_on_the_editing_model">Improving on the editing model</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>vi basic grammar is <strong>verb</strong> followed by <strong>object</strong>; it’s nice because it matches
|
|
well with the order we use in English, "delete word". On the other hand,
|
|
it does not match well with the nature of what we express: There is only
|
|
a handfull of <strong>verbs</strong> in text editing (<strong>d</strong>elete, <strong>y</strong>ank, <strong>p</strong>aste,
|
|
<strong>i</strong>nsert…​), and they don’t compose, contrarily to <strong>objects</strong> which can be
|
|
arbitrarily complex, and difficult to express. That means that errors are
|
|
not handled well. If you express your object wrongly with a delete verb,
|
|
the wrong text will get deleted, you will need to undo, and try again.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Kakoune’s grammar is <strong>object</strong> followed by <strong>verb</strong>, combined with instantaneous
|
|
feedback, that means you always see the current object (In Kakoune we call
|
|
that the selection) before you apply your change, which allows you to correct
|
|
errors on the go.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Kakoune tries hard to fix one of the big problems with the vi model: its
|
|
lack of interactivity. Because of the <strong>verb</strong> followed by <strong>object</strong> grammar,
|
|
vi changes are made in the dark, we dont see their effect until the whole
|
|
editing <strong>sentence</strong> is finished. <code>5dw</code> will delete to next five words, if
|
|
you then realize that was one word too many, you need to undo, go back to
|
|
your initial position, and try again with <code>4dw</code>. In Kakoune, you would do
|
|
<code>5W</code>, see immediately that one more word than expected was selected, type
|
|
<code>BH</code> to remove that word from the selection, then <code>d</code> to delete. At each
|
|
step you get visual feedback, and have the opportunity to correct it.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>At the lower level, the problem is that vi treats moving around and selecting
|
|
an object as two different things. Kakoune unifies that, moving <strong>is</strong> selecting.
|
|
<code>w</code> does not just go to the next word, it selects from current position to
|
|
the next word. By convention, capital commands tend to expand the selection,
|
|
so <code>W</code> would expand the current selection to the next word.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_multiple_selections">Multiple selections</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Another particular feature of Kakoune is its support for, and emphasis
|
|
towards the use of multiple selections. Multiple selections in Kakoune
|
|
are not just one additional feature, it is the central way of interacting
|
|
with your text. For example there is no such thing as a "global replace" in
|
|
Kakoune. What you would do is select the whole buffer with the <code>%</code> command,
|
|
then select all matches for a regex in the current selections (that is the
|
|
whole buffer here) with the <code>s</code> command, which prompts for a regex. You would
|
|
end up with one selection for each match of your regex and use the insert
|
|
mode to do your change. Globally replacing foo with bar would be done with
|
|
<code>%sfoo<ret>cbar<esc></code> which is just the combination of basic building blocks.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="videoblock">
|
|
<div class="title">Global replace</div>
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<video src="video/global-replace.webm" autoplay controls loop>
|
|
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
|
</video>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Multiple selections provides us with a very powerfull to express structural
|
|
selection: we can subselect matches inside the current selections, keep
|
|
selections containing/not containing a match, split selections on a regex,
|
|
swap selections contents…​</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>For example, convert from <code>snake_case_style</code> to <code>camelCaseStyle</code> can be done
|
|
by selecting the word (with <code>w</code> for example) then subselecting underscores
|
|
in the word with <code>s_<ret></code>, deleting these with <code>d</code>, then upper casing the
|
|
selected characters with <code>~</code>. The inverse operation could be done by selecting
|
|
the word, then subselecting the upper case characters with <code>s[A-Z]<ret></code>
|
|
lower casing them with ` and then inserting an underscode before them with
|
|
<code>i_<esc></code> This operation could be put in a macro, and would be reusable
|
|
easily to convert any identifier.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="videoblock">
|
|
<div class="title">Camel case to snake case</div>
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<video src="video/camel.webm" autoplay controls loop>
|
|
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
|
</video>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Another example would be parameter swapping, if you had <code>func(arg2, arg1);</code>
|
|
you could select the contents of the parenthesis with <code><a-i>(</code>, split the
|
|
selection on comma with <code>S, <ret></code>, and swap selection contents with <code><a-)></code>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="videoblock">
|
|
<div class="title">Swapping arguments</div>
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<video src="video/args-swap.webm" autoplay controls loop>
|
|
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
|
</video>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>It is as well easy to use multiple selections for alignment, as the <code>&</code>
|
|
command will align all selection cursors by inserting blanks before
|
|
selection start</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="videoblock">
|
|
<div class="title">Aligning variables</div>
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<video src="video/align.webm" autoplay controls loop>
|
|
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
|
</video>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Or to use multiple selections as a way to gather some text from different
|
|
places and regroup it in another place, thanks to a special form of pasting
|
|
<code><a-p></code> that will paste every yanked selections instead of the first one.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="videoblock">
|
|
<div class="title">Regrouping manager objects together</div>
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<video src="video/regroup.webm" autoplay controls loop>
|
|
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
|
</video>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_interactive_predictible_and_fast">Interactive, predictible and fast</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>A design goal of Kakoune is to beat vim at its own game, while providing a
|
|
cleaner editing model. The combination of multiple selections and cleaned up
|
|
grammar shows thats its possible to have text edition that is interactive,
|
|
predictible, and fast at the same time.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Interactivity comes by providing feedback on every commands, the inverted
|
|
<strong>object</strong> then <strong>verb</strong> grammar makes that possible, every selection modification
|
|
has direct visual feedback, regex based selections incrementally show what
|
|
will get selected, including when the regular expression is invalid, and even
|
|
yanking some text displays a message notifying how many selections were yanked.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Predictibilty comes from the simple effect of most commands. Each command is
|
|
conceptually simple, doing one single thing. <code>d</code> deletes whatever is selected,
|
|
nothing more. <code>%</code> selects the whole buffer, <code>s</code> prompts for a regex and
|
|
selects matches in the previous selection. It is the combination of these
|
|
building blocks that allows for complex, but predictible, actions on the text.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Being fast, as in less keystrokes, is provided by carefully designing the set
|
|
of editing commands so that they interact well together, and by sometimes
|
|
sacrificing beauty for useability. For example, <code><a-s></code> is equivalent to
|
|
<code>S^<ret></code>, they both split on new lines, but this is a so common use case that
|
|
it deserves to have its own key. As shown in <a href="http://github.com/mawww/golf" class="bare">http://github.com/mawww/golf</a>,
|
|
Kakoune manages to beat Vim at the keystroke count game in most cases,
|
|
using much more idiomatic commands.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_discoverability">Discoverability</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Keyboard oriented programs tend to be at a disadvantage compared to GUI
|
|
applications because they are less discoverable; there is no menu bar on
|
|
which to click to see the available options, no tooltip appearing when you
|
|
hover above a button explaining what it does.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Kakoune solves this problem through the use of two mechanisms: extensive
|
|
completion support, and auto-information display.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>When a command is written in a prompt, Kakoune will automatically open a menu
|
|
providing you with the available completions for the current parameter. It
|
|
will know if the parameter is supposed to be a word against a fixed set
|
|
of word, the name of a buffer, a filename, etc…​ Actually, as soon as <code>:</code>
|
|
is typed, entering command prompt mode, the list of existing commands will
|
|
be displayed in the completion menu.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Additionally, Kakoune will display an information box, describing what the
|
|
command does, what optional switches it can take, what they do…​</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="videoblock">
|
|
<div class="title">Command discoverability</div>
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<video src="video/discoverability.webm" autoplay controls loop>
|
|
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
|
</video>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>That information box gets displayed in other cases, for example if the <code>g</code>
|
|
key is hit, which then waits for another key (<code>g</code> is the <strong>goto</strong> commands
|
|
prefix), an information box will display all the recognized keys, informing
|
|
the user that Kakoune is waiting on a keystroke, and listing the available
|
|
options.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>To go even further in discoverablility, the auto information system can
|
|
be set to display an information box after each normal mode keystroke,
|
|
explaining what the key pressed just did.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_extensive_completion_support">Extensive completion support</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Keyboard oriented programs are much easier to work with when they provide
|
|
extensive completion support. For a long time, completion has been prefix
|
|
based, and that has been working very well.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>More recently, we started to see more and more programs using the so called
|
|
fuzzy completion. Fuzzy completion tends to be subsequence based, instead
|
|
of prefix based, which means the typed query needs to be a subsequence of
|
|
a candidate to be considered matching, instead of a prefix. That will generate
|
|
more candidates (all prefix matches are also subsequence matches), so it
|
|
needs a good ranking algorithm to sort the matches and put the best ones first.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Kakoune embraces fuzzy matching for its completion support, which kicks in both
|
|
during insert mode, and prompt mode.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="videoblock">
|
|
<div class="title">Word completion support</div>
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<video src="video/completion.webm" autoplay controls loop>
|
|
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
|
</video>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Insert mode completion provides completion suggestions while inserting in the
|
|
buffer, it can complete words from the buffer, or from all buffers, lines,
|
|
filenames, or get completion candidates from an external source, making it
|
|
possible to implement intelligent code completion.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="videoblock">
|
|
<div class="title">Language specific completion support</div>
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<video src="video/cpp-completion.webm" autoplay controls loop>
|
|
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
|
</video>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Prompt completion is displayed whenever we enter command mode, and provides
|
|
completion candidates that are adapted to the command being entered, and to
|
|
the current argument being edited.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_a_better_unix_citizen">A better unix citizen</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Easily making programs cooperate with each others is one of the main strength
|
|
of the Unix environment. Kakoune is designed to integrate nicely with a POSIX
|
|
system: various text editing commands give direct access to the power of POSIX
|
|
tools, like <code>|</code>, which prompts for a shell command and pipe selections through
|
|
it, replacing their contents with the command output, or <code>$</code> that prompts for
|
|
a command, and keeps selections for which the command returned success.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="videoblock">
|
|
<div class="title">Using external commands as filters</div>
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<video src="video/filters.webm" autoplay controls loop>
|
|
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
|
</video>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This is only the tip of the iceberg. Kakoune is very easily controllable from
|
|
the shell, just pipe whatever commands you like to <code>kak -p <session></code>, and the
|
|
target Kakoune session will execute these.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Kakoune command line also supports shell expansion, similar to what <code>$(...)</code>
|
|
does in a shell. If you type <code>echo %sh{ echo hello }</code> in the command prompt,
|
|
"hello" will get displayed in the status line. Various values from Kakoune
|
|
can be accessed in these expand through environment variables, which, along
|
|
with shell scripting forms the basis of Kakoune extension model.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="videoblock">
|
|
<div class="title">Interaction with external shell</div>
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<video src="video/external.webm" autoplay controls loop>
|
|
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
|
</video>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This model, although a bit less familiar than integrating a scripting language,
|
|
is conceptually very simple, relatively simple implementation-wise, and is
|
|
expressive enough to implement a custom code completer, linters, formatters…​</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Moreover, combined with support for <code>fifo</code> buffers, that read data from a
|
|
named <code>fifo</code>, Kakoune ends up with an extension model that easily support
|
|
asynchronous tasks, by forking a shell in the background to do long lived
|
|
work (<code>grep</code> or <code>make</code> for example) while displaying the result as they
|
|
come through the <code>fifo</code>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Kakoune also tries to limit its scope to code editing: in particular, it does
|
|
not try to manage windows, and lets the system’s window manager, or terminal
|
|
multiplexer (such as tmux), handle that responsiblity. This is achieved through
|
|
a client/server design: An editing session runs on a server process, and
|
|
multiple clients can connect to that session to display different buffers.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="videoblock">
|
|
<div class="title">Asynchronous make and multiple clients in tmux</div>
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<video src="video/async.webm" autoplay controls loop>
|
|
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
|
</video>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_final_thoughts">Final Thoughts</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Kakoune provides an efficient code editing environment, both very predictible,
|
|
hence scriptable, and very interactive. Its learning curve is considerably
|
|
easier than Vim thanks to a more consistent design associated with strong
|
|
discoverability, while still being faster (as in less keystrokes) in most
|
|
use cases.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Although easier to learn than Vim, the learning curve is still quite steep,
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however we have established that investing time into optimizing the text
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editing workflow is worth it for programmers. Moreover, Kakoune simply makes
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code editing a fun and rewarding experience.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="paragraph">
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<p>Kakoune is still evolving, getting better as we get more users, and gathering
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more use cases to cater for. It’s already a very good code editor, and we need
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you to use it so that it can be made even better.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="paragraph">
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<p>Kakoune is available at <a href="http://github.com/mawww/kakoune" class="bare">http://github.com/mawww/kakoune</a> and has a website at
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<a href="http://kakoune.org" class="bare">http://kakoune.org</a></p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div id="footer-text">
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Last updated 2018-10-14 09:11:15 AEDT
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