2021-01-26 13:43:44 +03:00
# alternative-front-ends
2021-02-20 19:08:06 +03:00
Overview of alternative open source front-ends for popular internet platforms (e.g. YouTube, Twitter, etc.)
2020-04-10 19:51:10 +03:00
2021-02-20 18:16:12 +03:00
## Call to Action
2021-02-20 18:44:05 +03:00
- Do you know any other projects that are not included in the overview yet? (front ends, alternatives to websites, apps, etc.)
2021-07-22 22:48:25 +03:00
- Just create an [issue ](https://github.com/mendel5/alternative-front-ends/issues ) and let me know. I'm always looking for new projects to add.
2021-01-31 00:43:07 +03:00
2021-05-27 11:20:07 +03:00
## Contents
- [YouTube ](#youtube )
2021-05-27 11:25:49 +03:00
- [Twitter ](#twitter )
- [Instagram ](#instagram )
- [Reddit ](#reddit )
2021-10-12 16:16:46 +03:00
- [Imgur ](#imgur )
2021-10-12 16:19:48 +03:00
- [Spotify ](#spotify )
2021-12-20 18:59:49 +03:00
- [Discord ](#discord )
- [Medium ](#medium )
2021-06-24 09:34:24 +03:00
- [Search Engines ](#search-engines )
2021-05-27 11:25:49 +03:00
- [Facebook ](#facebook )
2021-10-13 09:48:26 +03:00
- [Apple AirPlay ](#apple-airplay )
2021-05-27 11:25:49 +03:00
- [Other ](#other )
- [Related ](#related )
2021-08-24 16:47:40 +03:00
- [About this repository ](#about-this-repository )
2021-05-27 11:20:07 +03:00
2021-01-31 00:43:07 +03:00
## Overview
2021-08-04 11:27:20 +03:00
2021-02-20 18:40:40 +03:00
### YouTube
2021-01-31 00:43:07 +03:00
2021-02-20 18:33:02 +03:00
- [Invidious ](https://github.com/iv-org/invidious ): Invidious is an alternative front-end to YouTube
2021-12-20 23:27:25 +03:00
- Home page: https://invidious.io
- Public Invidious Instances (Docs): https://docs.invidious.io/Invidious-Instances.md
- Invidious instances (Github): https://github.com/iv-org/documentation/blob/master/Invidious-Instances.md
- Invidious instances API: https://api.invidious.io
2021-12-20 23:28:36 +03:00
- Installation guide for self-hosting: https://docs.invidious.io/Installation.md
2021-01-31 02:15:38 +03:00
2021-12-20 12:57:26 +03:00
- [Piped ](https://github.com/TeamPiped/Piped ): An alternative privacy-friendly YouTube frontend which is efficient by design
- Example instance: https://piped.kavin.rocks
2021-06-29 21:12:53 +03:00
- [FreeTube ](https://github.com/FreeTubeApp/FreeTube ): Open source YouTube desktop player for privacy on Windows, Mac and Linux
2021-06-29 21:06:53 +03:00
2021-02-20 18:52:10 +03:00
- [CloudTube ](https://git.sr.ht/~cadence/cloudtube ): A front-end for Invidious
2021-12-20 23:27:25 +03:00
- Example instance: [https://tube.cadence.moe ](https://tube.cadence.moe/ )
2021-01-31 02:15:38 +03:00
2021-02-20 18:48:53 +03:00
- [Invuedious ](https://github.com/bocchilorenzo/invuedious ): An alternative frontend for invidious built with vue.js
2021-05-09 13:44:51 +03:00
- Official instance: [https://bocchilorenzo.github.io/invuedious/ ](https://bocchilorenzo.github.io/invuedious/ )
2021-02-20 18:40:40 +03:00
2021-02-20 18:48:53 +03:00
- [Youtube-viewer ](https://github.com/trizen/youtube-viewer ): Lightweight YouTube client for Linux
2021-02-20 18:40:40 +03:00
2021-02-20 18:48:53 +03:00
- [Straw-viewer ](https://github.com/trizen/straw-viewer ): A lightweight YouTube client for Linux, using the API of Invidious
2021-02-20 18:40:40 +03:00
2021-02-20 18:48:53 +03:00
- [Invidious-viewer ](https://github.com/git-bruh/invidious-viewer ): Python application to watch YouTube videos through the Invidious API, in the terminal (requires MPV player and libmpv.so, provided by Linux distro)
2021-02-20 18:40:40 +03:00
2021-04-05 00:44:32 +03:00
- [NewPipe ](https://github.com/TeamNewPipe/NewPipe ): A libre lightweight streaming front-end for Android
2021-02-20 18:42:08 +03:00
- [Youtube-dl ](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl ): Command-line program to download videos from YouTube.com and other video sites
2021-02-20 18:40:40 +03:00
2021-05-04 10:00:33 +03:00
- [Youtube-dl-gui ](https://github.com/jely2002/youtube-dl-gui ): A cross-platform GUI for youtube-dl made in Electron and node.js
- [ytdl-gui ](https://github.com/JaGoLi/ytdl-gui ): A simple-to-use, cross-platform graphical interface for youtube-dl.
2021-02-20 18:42:08 +03:00
- [Alltube ](https://github.com/Rudloff/alltube ): Web GUI for youtube-dl
2021-02-20 18:40:40 +03:00
- [Vividl ](https://github.com/Bluegrams/Vividl ): Modern Windows GUI for youtube-dl
2021-02-20 18:42:08 +03:00
- [Tartube ](https://github.com/axcore/tartube ): A GUI front-end for youtube-dl, partly based on youtube-dl-gui and written in Python 3 / Gtk 3
2021-02-20 18:40:40 +03:00
2021-05-27 11:29:17 +03:00
- [ytmdl ](https://github.com/deepjyoti30/ytmdl ): A simple app to get songs from YouTube in mp3 format with artist name, album name etc from sources like iTunes, LastFM, Deezer, Gaana etc.
2021-02-20 20:07:14 +03:00
- [Plumber ](https://github.com/keshavbhatt/plumber ): Local and remote video trimmer, can trim parts of video without downloading whole video, utilizes youtube-dl, allows conversion to GIFs
- [ViewTube ](https://github.com/ViewTube/viewtube-vue ): An alternative front-end for YouTube, written in Vue.js, uses Plyr video player; supports SponsorBlock, multiple Invidious instances support, chapters
2021-07-23 00:18:07 +03:00
- [youtube-local ](https://github.com/user234683/youtube-local ): Browser-based client for watching Youtube anonymously and with greater page performance
2021-07-23 00:19:50 +03:00
- [yt-local ](https://git.sr.ht/~heckyel/yt-local ): Browser-based client for watching Youtube anonymously without forcing javascript (Fork of [youtube-local ](https://github.com/user234683/youtube-local ))
2021-07-23 00:19:06 +03:00
2021-07-23 00:21:42 +03:00
- [SkyTube ](https://github.com/SkyTubeTeam/SkyTube ): An open-source YouTube app for Android
2021-09-04 15:49:09 +03:00
- [yt-dlp ](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp ): A youtube-dl fork with additional features and fixes
2021-02-20 18:33:02 +03:00
- [Yotter ](https://github.com/ytorg/Yotter ): Youtube and Twitter with privacy
2021-01-31 02:21:32 +03:00
- [Yotter instances ](https://github.com/ytorg/Yotter#public-instances )
- Official instance: [yotter.xyz ](https://yotter.xyz )
2021-01-31 02:15:38 +03:00
2021-12-20 12:40:20 +03:00
- [uYouPlus ](https://github.com/qnblackcat/uYouPlus ): uYouPlus (uYou+) is an alternative YouTube app for Apple's iOS and iPadOS.
- [SmartTubeNext ](https://github.com/yuliskov/SmartTubeNext ): SmartTubeNext is an advanced YouTube app for Android TVs and TV boxes, free and open source. It is not a live TV client and does not support "YouTube TV".
2021-02-20 18:40:40 +03:00
### Twitter
2021-02-20 18:33:02 +03:00
- [Nitter ](https://github.com/zedeus/nitter ): Alternative Twitter front-end
2021-12-20 23:38:35 +03:00
- Official instance: [nitter.net ](https://nitter.net )
- Public instances: https://github.com/zedeus/nitter/wiki/Instances
2021-01-31 02:21:32 +03:00
- Example: Troy Hunt on [Twitter ](https://twitter.com/troyhunt ) and [Nitter ](https://nitter.net/troyhunt )
2021-01-31 02:15:38 +03:00
2021-02-20 18:40:40 +03:00
- [Shitter ](https://github.com/nuclearfog/Shitter ): Android, alternative front-end for Twitter, built with Java
- [Harpy ](https://github.com/robertodoering/harpy ): Android, alternative front-end for Twitter, built with Flutter/Dart
- [Twidere X ](https://github.com/TwidereProject/TwidereX-Android ): Android, alternative front-end for Twitter, built mostly with Kotlin, in early stage
2021-02-20 18:52:10 +03:00
- [Tweeterr ](https://github.com/sherwyn11/Tweeterr ): A tool to use Twitter from the command line on the fly
2021-02-20 18:40:40 +03:00
2021-02-20 18:52:10 +03:00
- [Tweet-app ](https://github.com/rhysd/tweet-app ): Desktop Twitter client only for tweeting. Timeline never shows up
2021-02-20 18:40:40 +03:00
- [Tweepy ](https://github.com/tweepy/tweepy ): Twitter for Python
2021-05-19 17:35:36 +03:00
- [Fritter ](https://github.com/jonjomckay/fritter ): A free, open-source Twitter client for Android and iOS
2021-02-20 18:40:40 +03:00
### Instagram
2021-12-20 23:34:06 +03:00
- [Bibliogram ](https://sr.ht/~cadence/bibliogram ): Bibliogram is an alternative front-end for Instagram
2021-01-31 02:21:32 +03:00
- Official instance: [https://bibliogram.art ](https://bibliogram.art )
2021-12-20 23:38:35 +03:00
- Public instances: https://git.sr.ht/~cadence/bibliogram-docs/tree/master/docs/Instances.md
2021-12-20 23:34:06 +03:00
- Example: Troy Hunt on [Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/troyhunt ) and [Bibliogram ](https://bibliogram.art/u/troyhunt )
2021-12-20 23:38:35 +03:00
- Originally hosted on [Github ](https://github.com/cloudrac3r/bibliogram )
2021-01-31 02:15:38 +03:00
2021-06-29 21:04:07 +03:00
- [Barinsta ](https://github.com/austinhuang0131/barinsta ): Open-source alternative Instagram client for Android
2021-10-27 15:45:52 +03:00
- On July 26, 2021, Austin Huang (maintainer of Barinsta) received a cease & desist letter from Perkins Coie LLP, a law firm representing Facebook. As a result, Barinsta is no longer maintained or distributed. More information can be found at https://github.com/mendel5/alternative-front-ends/issues/28 and https://austinhuang.me/barinsta .
2021-06-29 21:04:07 +03:00
2021-02-20 18:40:40 +03:00
### Reddit
2021-12-20 23:34:06 +03:00
- [Teddit ](https://codeberg.org/teddit/teddit ): Alternative Reddit front-end focused on privacy
- Official instance: [teddit.net ](https://teddit.net )
- Public instances: https://github.com/teddit-net/teddit#instances
- [Github mirror repository ](https://github.com/teddit-net/teddit )
- Example: /r/Privacy on [Reddit ](https://www.reddit.com/r/privacy ) and [Teddit ](https://teddit.net/r/privacy )
2021-05-09 13:35:39 +03:00
- [Libreddit ](https://github.com/spikecodes/libreddit ): Alternative front-end for Reddit. Themed around Reddit redesign
- Official instance: [libredd.it ](https://libredd.it )
2021-12-20 23:34:06 +03:00
- Public instances: https://github.com/spikecodes/libreddit#instances
2021-01-31 02:15:38 +03:00
2021-02-20 18:34:25 +03:00
- [Xeddit ](https://github.com/ErlingMK/Xeddit ): A Xamarin.Forms app for Reddit
2021-12-20 23:34:06 +03:00
- Official instance: [xeddit.com ](https://www.xeddit.com )
- Example: /r/Privacy on [Reddit ](https://www.reddit.com/r/privacy ) and [Xeddit ](https://www.xeddit.com/r/privacy/ )
2021-02-20 18:34:25 +03:00
2021-02-20 18:52:10 +03:00
- [RedditClient ](https://github.com/grey-r/RedditSharp ): Alternative front-end for Reddit, built with Angular
2021-01-31 02:15:38 +03:00
2021-01-31 02:11:06 +03:00
- [Updoot ](https://github.com/adityam49/Updoot ): Android, alternative front-end for Reddit
2021-01-31 02:15:38 +03:00
2021-02-20 18:56:55 +03:00
- [Eddrit ](https://github.com/corenting/eddrit ): Alternative front-end for Reddit, inspired by Nitter, built with Python & Starlette
2021-01-31 02:15:38 +03:00
2021-02-20 18:56:55 +03:00
- [Top of Reddit ](https://github.com/mgerb/top-of-reddit ): Top Reddit posts every day
2021-01-31 02:15:38 +03:00
2021-06-29 21:09:05 +03:00
- [Snew ](https://github.com/snew/snew ): Open-source client for Reddit forked from the Reddit source code
2021-08-04 13:43:18 +03:00
- [Stealth ](https://gitlab.com/cosmosapps/stealth ): Account-free, privacy-oriented, and feature-rich Reddit client
2021-12-20 23:34:06 +03:00
- Available on [F-Droid ](https://f-droid.org/en/packages/com.cosmos.unreddit )
2021-08-01 09:08:29 +03:00
2021-08-04 13:43:18 +03:00
- [Infinity ](https://github.com/Docile-Alligator/Infinity-For-Reddit ): Reddit client for Android
2021-12-20 23:34:06 +03:00
- Available on [F-Droid ](https://f-droid.org/en/packages/ml.docilealligator.infinityforreddit )
2021-08-04 13:43:18 +03:00
- [Dawn ](https://github.com/Tunous/Dawn ): Open-source Reddit app
2021-12-20 23:34:06 +03:00
- Available on [F-Droid ](https://f-droid.org/en/packages/me.thanel.dank )
2021-08-04 13:43:18 +03:00
- Forked from [Dank ](https://github.com/saket/Dank )
2021-08-01 09:08:29 +03:00
2021-09-04 15:54:32 +03:00
- [Slide ](https://github.com/ccrama/Slide ): Open source, ad free Reddit browser for Android
2021-12-20 23:34:06 +03:00
- Available on [F-Droid ](https://f-droid.org/en/packages/me.ccrama.redditslide )
2021-09-04 15:54:32 +03:00
2021-11-30 22:24:25 +03:00
- [junipf-reddit-frontend ](https://github.com/junipf/reddit-frontend ): A reddit front-end written in React
- Official instance: [https://jpf-reddit.netlify.app ](https://jpf-reddit.netlify.app )
2021-10-12 16:05:45 +03:00
### Imgur
- [Imgin ](https://git.voidnet.tech/kev/imgin ): Minimal Imgur front end
- Official instance: https://imgin.voidnet.tech
- Example album on Imgur.com: https://imgur.com/a/GD6p5Fi
- Same album on Imgin: https://imgin.voidnet.tech/a/GD6p5Fi
2021-12-20 12:54:49 +03:00
- [rimgu ](https://codeberg.org/3np/rimgu ): rimgu is a self-hosted alternative frontend/ proxy for Imgur
2021-08-18 00:07:48 +03:00
### Spotify
- [psst ](https://github.com/jpochyla/psst ): Fast and multi-platform Spotify client with native GUI
2021-12-20 12:32:16 +03:00
- [Spotiqueue ](https://github.com/toothbrush/Spotiqueue ): Minimalistic queue-oriented macOS-native client for Spotify, with Guile Scheme scriptability
2021-08-18 00:07:48 +03:00
2021-12-20 18:07:11 +03:00
### Discord
- [gtkcord3 ](https://github.com/diamondburned/gtkcord3 ): A lightweight Discord client written in Golang which uses GTK3 for the user interface
### Medium
2021-12-20 23:34:06 +03:00
- [Scribe ](https://sr.ht/~edwardloveall/scribe ): Alternative front-end to Medium.com
2021-12-20 18:07:11 +03:00
- Official website: https://scribe.rip
2021-06-24 09:34:07 +03:00
### Search Engines
2021-01-31 02:15:38 +03:00
2021-02-20 18:40:40 +03:00
- [Whoogle Search ](https://github.com/benbusby/whoogle-search ): A self-hosted, ad-free, privacy-respecting metasearch engine for Google
2021-12-20 23:38:35 +03:00
- Public instances: https://github.com/benbusby/whoogle-search#public-instances
2021-01-31 02:15:38 +03:00
2021-05-09 13:53:49 +03:00
- [Searx ](https://github.com/searx/searx ): Privacy-respecting meta-search engine
2021-12-20 23:34:06 +03:00
- [Searx instances ](https://searx.space )
2021-01-31 02:15:38 +03:00
2021-02-20 18:40:40 +03:00
### Facebook
2021-01-31 02:15:38 +03:00
2021-02-20 18:57:59 +03:00
- [Fb-messenger-cli ](https://github.com/Alex-Rose/fb-messenger-cli ): Use Facebook Messenger from command line
2021-01-31 02:15:38 +03:00
2021-01-31 02:11:06 +03:00
- [SlimSocial ](https://github.com/rignaneseleo/SlimSocial-for-Facebook ): Android, alternative front-end for Facebook, built with Java
2021-01-31 02:15:38 +03:00
2021-02-20 18:40:40 +03:00
- [Frost ](https://github.com/AllanWang/Frost-for-Facebook ): An extensive and functional third party app for Facebook (Android app)
2021-01-31 01:58:46 +03:00
2021-10-13 09:48:26 +03:00
### Apple AirPlay
- [RPiPlay ](https://github.com/FD-/RPiPlay ): An open-source AirPlay mirroring server for the Raspberry Pi. Supports iOS 9 and up.
- [air-pi-play ](https://github.com/rahul-thakoor/air-pi-play ): Turn a Raspberry Pi into an Airplay server using RPiPlay to enable screen mirroring on tvs, monitors and projectors.
2021-02-20 18:40:40 +03:00
### Other
- [MediathekViewWeb ](https://github.com/mediathekview/mediathekviewweb ): Video content of German public-service television broadcasters (e.g. ARD, ZDF)
2021-12-20 23:34:06 +03:00
- Official instance: [mediathekviewweb.de ](https://mediathekviewweb.de )
2021-01-31 01:58:46 +03:00
2021-12-20 18:07:11 +03:00
- [PrivateBin ](https://github.com/PrivateBin/PrivateBin ): Zero knowledge encrypted paste-bin. A minimalist, open source online pastebin where the server has zero knowledge of pasted data. Data is encrypted/decrypted in the browser using 256 bits AES
2021-05-09 13:42:08 +03:00
2021-05-06 00:30:06 +03:00
- [HN-search ](https://github.com/algolia/hn-search ): Algolia Hacker News search
2021-01-31 02:29:26 +03:00
- Example: [Highest rated submissions of the past 24 hours ](https://hn.algolia.com/?sort=byPopularity&page=0&dateRange=last24h&type=all )
2021-01-31 02:15:38 +03:00
2021-02-20 18:40:40 +03:00
- [HNTopLinks ](https://github.com/eguller/hntoplinks ): Top Links on Hacker News
2021-01-31 02:38:18 +03:00
2021-10-12 16:18:39 +03:00
- [Hackerweb ](https://github.com/cheeaun/hackerweb ): A simply readable Hacker News web app
- About Hackerweb: https://hackerwebapp.com
- Official instance: https://hackerweb.app
2021-12-20 18:07:11 +03:00
- [vaultwarden ](https://github.com/dani-garcia/vaultwarden ): Password manager. Unofficial Bitwarden compatible server written in Rust, formerly known as bitwarden_rs
2021-05-09 13:49:30 +03:00
2021-12-20 18:07:11 +03:00
- [snapdrop ](https://github.com/RobinLinus/snapdrop ): Similar to Apple's Airdrop but in your browser. A Progressive Web App for local file sharing
2021-05-09 13:49:30 +03:00
2021-12-20 18:07:11 +03:00
- [hedgedoc ](https://github.com/hedgedoc/hedgedoc ): Collaborative markdown editor. A platform to write and share markdown
2021-05-09 13:53:03 +03:00
2021-12-20 18:07:11 +03:00
- [etherpad-lite ](https://github.com/ether/etherpad-lite ): Collaborative rich text editor. A modern really-real-time collaborative document editor
2021-05-09 13:53:03 +03:00
2021-12-20 18:07:11 +03:00
- [gitea ](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea ): Lightweight git server. Git with a cup of tea, painless self-hosted git service
2021-05-09 13:53:03 +03:00
2021-09-04 15:51:23 +03:00
- [ArchiveBox ](https://github.com/ArchiveBox/ArchiveBox ): Open source self-hosted web archiving. Takes URLs/browser history/bookmarks/Pocket/Pinboard/etc., saves HTML, JS, PDFs, media, and more
2021-09-04 15:58:25 +03:00
- [Wikiless ](https://codeberg.org/orenom/wikiless ): A free open source alternative Wikipedia front-end focused on privacy
2021-01-31 02:37:04 +03:00
## Related
2021-02-20 18:58:59 +03:00
- [Privacy-redirect ](https://github.com/SimonBrazell/privacy-redirect ): A simple web extension that redirects Twitter, YouTube, Instagram & Google Maps requests to privacy friendly alternatives
2021-02-20 18:19:27 +03:00
- [Firefox Add-On: Privacy Redirect ](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/privacy-redirect/ )
- [Chrome Extension: Privacy Redirect ](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/privacy-redirect/pmcmeagblkinmogikoikkdjiligflglb )
2021-01-31 02:37:04 +03:00
2021-02-20 18:58:59 +03:00
- [uBlock Origin ](https://github.com/gorhill/uBlock ): An efficient blocker for Chromium and Firefox. Fast and lean
2021-02-20 18:19:27 +03:00
- [Firefox Add-On: uBlock Origin ](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/ublock-origin/ )
- [Chrome Extension: uBlock Origin ](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/ublock-origin/cjpalhdlnbpafiamejdnhcphjbkeiagm )
2021-04-27 20:44:16 +03:00
- [StreetComplete ](https://github.com/streetcomplete/StreetComplete ): Easy to use OpenStreetMap editor for Android
2021-05-09 13:44:08 +03:00
2021-06-28 18:56:35 +03:00
- [Matrix.org's Synapse ](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse ): End-to-end-encrypted messaging. Matrix reference homeserver. See also [matrix.org ](https://matrix.org/ ).
2021-05-27 11:22:23 +03:00
2021-06-28 18:56:35 +03:00
- [Pluja's Awesome Privacy ](https://github.com/pluja/awesome-privacy ): A curated list of services and alternatives that respect your privacy because privacy matters.
2021-08-04 11:27:20 +03:00
2021-12-14 10:51:32 +03:00
- [Outline.com ](https://outline.com ): Outline is a free service for reading and annotating news articles.
2021-12-20 20:32:16 +03:00
- Note: The source code of Outline.com is not available under a free/open-source license.
- [Youtube Vanced ](https://github.com/YTVanced ): Youtube replacement app for the Android platform: YouTube Vanced is the stock Android YouTube app, but better. It includes adblocking, true amoled dark mode and a lot more. Use the Vanced Manager to install YouTube Vanced with ease.
- Official website with install instructions: https://vancedapp.com
- Note: The source code of Youtube Vanced is not available under a free/open-source license.
- For an explanation about the origin of Youtube Vanced see here: https://old.reddit.com/r/Vanced/comments/o3xm9m/if_youtube_vanced_isnt_open_source_and_doesnt/h2ec7wf/
2021-12-14 10:51:32 +03:00
2021-08-24 16:47:40 +03:00
## About this repository
2021-08-04 11:27:20 +03:00
2021-08-24 16:50:17 +03:00
This overview originally included three projects: Invidious, Bibliogram and Nitter. Therefore it was named `alternative front-ends` . As more projects have been added to the repository, the listed projects partially left the scope of *alternative front-ends* .
2021-08-04 13:35:15 +03:00
2021-08-24 16:50:17 +03:00
For example, `youtube-dl` is not a front-end, but can be generally described as an open source project that interacts with the internet platform Youtube.
2021-08-04 13:35:15 +03:00
2021-09-10 00:32:53 +03:00
Therefore the name `alternative front-ends` does not capture the full scope of the listed projects anymore. Maybe this repository will be renamed in the future to better reflect the larger scope. A possible name might be `open-source-alternatives` or something similar.