- [`Playwright`](#class-playwright) communicates with the browser using [DevTools Protocol](https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/).
- [`Browser`](#class-browser) instance can own multiple browser contexts.
- [`BrowserContext`](#class-browsercontext) instance defines a browsing session and can own multiple pages.
- [`Page`](#class-page) has at least one frame: main frame. There might be other frames created by [iframe](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/iframe) or [frame](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/frame) tags.
- [`Frame`](#class-frame) has at least one execution context - the default execution context - where the frame's JavaScript is executed. A Frame might have additional execution contexts that are associated with [extensions](https://developer.chrome.com/extensions).
- [`Worker`](#class-worker) has a single execution context and facilitates interacting with [WebWorkers](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Workers_API).
Playwright can be used for testing Chrome Extensions.
> **NOTE** Extensions in Chrome / Chromium currently only work in non-headless mode.
The following is code for getting a handle to the [background page](https://developer.chrome.com/extensions/background_pages) of an extension whose source is located in `./my-extension`:
-`browserWSEndpoint`<?[string]> a [browser websocket endpoint](#browserwsendpoint) to connect to.
-`browserURL`<?[string]> a browser url to connect to, in format `http://${host}:${port}`. Use interchangeably with `browserWSEndpoint` to let Playwright fetch it from [metadata endpoint](https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/#how-do-i-access-the-browser-target).
-`slowMo`<[number]> Slows down Playwright operations by the specified amount of milliseconds. Useful so that you can see what is going on.
-`transport`<[ConnectionTransport]> **Experimental** Specify a custom transport object for Playwright to use.
- returns: <[Promise]<[Browser]>>
This methods attaches Playwright to an existing Chromium instance.
#### playwright.createBrowserFetcher([options])
-`options`<[Object]>
-`host`<[string]> A download host to be used. Defaults to `https://storage.googleapis.com`.
-`path`<[string]> A path for the downloads folder. Defaults to `<root>/.local-chromium`, where `<root>` is playwright's package root.
-`platform`<[string]> Possible values are: `mac`, `win32`, `win64`, `linux`. Defaults to the current platform.
- returns: <[BrowserFetcher]>
#### playwright.defaultArgs([options])
-`options`<[Object]> Set of configurable options to set on the browser. Can have the following fields:
-`headless`<[boolean]> Whether to run browser in [headless mode](https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2017/04/headless-chrome). Defaults to `true` unless the `devtools` option is `true`.
-`args`<[Array]<[string]>> Additional arguments to pass to the browser instance. The list of Chromium flags can be found [here](http://peter.sh/experiments/chromium-command-line-switches/).
-`userDataDir`<[string]> Path to a [User Data Directory](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/docs/user_data_dir.md).
-`devtools`<[boolean]> Whether to auto-open a DevTools panel for each tab. If this option is `true`, the `headless` option will be set `false`.
- returns: <[Array]<[string]>>
The default flags that Chromium will be launched with.
#### playwright.devices
- returns: <[Object]>
Returns a list of devices to be used with [`page.emulate(options)`](#pageemulateoptions). Actual list of
devices can be found in [lib/DeviceDescriptors.js](https://github.com/Microsoft/playwright/blob/master/lib/DeviceDescriptors.js).
-`TimeoutError`<[function]> A class of [TimeoutError].
Playwright methods might throw errors if they are unable to fulfill a request. For example, [page.waitForSelector(selector[, options])](#pagewaitforselectorselector-options)
might fail if the selector doesn't match any nodes during the given timeframe.
For certain types of errors Playwright uses specific error classes.
These classes are available via [`playwright.errors`](#playwrighterrors)
An example of handling a timeout error:
```js
try {
await page.waitForSelector('.foo');
} catch (e) {
if (e instanceof playwright.errors.TimeoutError) {
// Do something if this is a timeout.
}
}
```
> **NOTE** The old way (Playwright versions <= v1.14.0) errors can be obtained with `require('playwright/Errors')`.
-`options`<[Object]> Set of configurable options to set on the browser. Can have the following fields:
-`headless`<[boolean]> Whether to run browser in [headless mode](https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2017/04/headless-chrome). Defaults to `true` unless the `devtools` option is `true`.
-`executablePath`<[string]> Path to a Chromium or Chrome executable to run instead of the bundled Chromium. If `executablePath` is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd). **BEWARE**: Playwright is only [guaranteed to work](https://github.com/Microsoft/playwright/#q-why-doesnt-playwright-vxxx-work-with-chromium-vyyy) with the bundled Chromium, use at your own risk.
-`slowMo`<[number]> Slows down Playwright operations by the specified amount of milliseconds. Useful so that you can see what is going on.
-`args`<[Array]<[string]>> Additional arguments to pass to the browser instance. The list of Chromium flags can be found [here](http://peter.sh/experiments/chromium-command-line-switches/).
-`ignoreDefaultArgs`<[boolean]|[Array]<[string]>> If `true`, then do not use [`playwright.defaultArgs()`](#playwrightdefaultargsoptions). If an array is given, then filter out the given default arguments. Dangerous option; use with care. Defaults to `false`.
-`handleSIGINT`<[boolean]> Close the browser process on Ctrl-C. Defaults to `true`.
-`handleSIGTERM`<[boolean]> Close the browser process on SIGTERM. Defaults to `true`.
-`handleSIGHUP`<[boolean]> Close the browser process on SIGHUP. Defaults to `true`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds to wait for the browser instance to start. Defaults to `30000` (30 seconds). Pass `0` to disable timeout.
-`dumpio`<[boolean]> Whether to pipe the browser process stdout and stderr into `process.stdout` and `process.stderr`. Defaults to `false`.
-`userDataDir`<[string]> Path to a [User Data Directory](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/docs/user_data_dir.md).
-`env`<[Object]> Specify environment variables that will be visible to the browser. Defaults to `process.env`.
-`devtools`<[boolean]> Whether to auto-open a DevTools panel for each tab. If this option is `true`, the `headless` option will be set `false`.
-`pipe`<[boolean]> Connects to the browser over a pipe instead of a WebSocket. Defaults to `false`.
- returns: <[Promise]<[Browser]>> Promise which resolves to browser instance.
You can use `ignoreDefaultArgs` to filter out `--mute-audio` from default arguments:
```js
const browser = await playwright.launch({
ignoreDefaultArgs: ['--mute-audio']
});
```
> **NOTE** Playwright can also be used to control the Chrome browser, but it works best with the version of Chromium it is bundled with. There is no guarantee it will work with any other version. Use `executablePath` option with extreme caution.
>
> If Google Chrome (rather than Chromium) is preferred, a [Chrome Canary](https://www.google.com/chrome/browser/canary.html) or [Dev Channel](https://www.chromium.org/getting-involved/dev-channel) build is suggested.
>
> In [playwright.launch([options])](#playwrightlaunchoptions) above, any mention of Chromium also applies to Chrome.
>
> See [`this article`](https://www.howtogeek.com/202825/what%E2%80%99s-the-difference-between-chromium-and-chrome/) for a description of the differences between Chromium and Chrome. [`This article`](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/lkgr/docs/chromium_browser_vs_google_chrome.md) describes some differences for Linux users.
### class: BrowserFetcher
BrowserFetcher can download and manage different versions of Chromium.
BrowserFetcher operates on revision strings that specify a precise version of Chromium, e.g. `"533271"`. Revision strings can be obtained from [omahaproxy.appspot.com](http://omahaproxy.appspot.com/).
An example of using BrowserFetcher to download a specific version of Chromium and running
A Browser is created when Playwright connects to a Chromium instance, either through [`playwright.launch`](#playwrightlaunchoptions) or [`playwright.connect`](#playwrightconnectoptions).
An example of using a [Browser] to create a [Page]:
Returns the default browser context. The default browser context can not be closed.
#### browser.disconnect()
Disconnects Playwright from the browser, but leaves the Chromium process running. After calling `disconnect`, the [Browser] object is considered disposed and cannot be used anymore.
-`viewport`<?[Object]> Sets a consistent viewport for each page. Defaults to an 800x600 viewport. `null` disables the default viewport.
-`width`<[number]> page width in pixels.
-`height`<[number]> page height in pixels.
-`deviceScaleFactor`<[number]> Specify device scale factor (can be thought of as dpr). Defaults to `1`.
-`isMobile`<[boolean]> Whether the `meta viewport` tag is taken into account. Defaults to `false`.
-`hasTouch`<[boolean]> Specifies if viewport supports touch events. Defaults to `false`
-`isLandscape`<[boolean]> Specifies if viewport is in landscape mode. Defaults to `false`.
-`userAgent`<?[string]> Specific user agent to use in this page
-`mediaType`<?[string]> Changes the CSS media type of the page. The only allowed values are `'screen'`, `'print'` and `null`. Passing `null` disables CSS media emulation.
-`colorScheme`<?"dark"|"light"|"no-preference"> Emulates `'prefers-colors-scheme'` media feature, supported values are `'light'`, `'dark'`, `'no-preference'`.
-`javaScriptEnabled`<?[boolean]> Whether or not to enable or disable JavaScript in the page. Defaults to true.
-`timezoneId`<?[string]> Changes the timezone of the page. See [ICU’s `metaZones.txt`](https://cs.chromium.org/chromium/src/third_party/icu/source/data/misc/metaZones.txt?rcl=faee8bc70570192d82d2978a71e2a615788597d1) for a list of supported timezone IDs.
- returns: <?[ChildProcess]> Spawned browser process. Returns `null` if the browser instance was created with [`playwright.connect`](#playwrightconnectoptions) method.
- returns: <[Promise]<[Array]<[Page]>>> Promise which resolves to an array of all open pages. Non visible pages, such as `"background_page"`, will not be listed here. You can find them using [target.page()](#targetpage).
> **NOTE** Consider using [browserContext.permissions.override](#permissionsoverrideorigin-permissions) to grant permissions for the page to read its geolocation.
-`origin`<[string]> The [origin] to grant permissions to, e.g. "https://example.com".
-`permissions`<[Array]<[string]>> An array of permissions to grant. All permissions that are not listed here will be automatically denied. Permissions can be one of the following values:
Page provides methods to interact with a single tab or [extension background page](https://developer.chrome.com/extensions/background_pages) in Chromium. One [Browser] instance might have multiple [Page] instances.
This example creates a page, navigates it to a URL, and then saves a screenshot:
The Page class emits various events (described below) which can be handled using any of Node's native [`EventEmitter`](https://nodejs.org/api/events.html#events_class_eventemitter) methods, such as `on`, `once` or `removeListener`.
This example logs a message for a single page `load` event:
To unsubscribe from events use the `removeListener` method:
```js
function logRequest(interceptedRequest) {
console.log('A request was made:', interceptedRequest.url());
}
page.on('request', logRequest);
// Sometime later...
page.removeListener('request', logRequest);
```
#### event: 'close'
Emitted when the page closes.
#### event: 'console'
-<[ConsoleMessage]>
Emitted when JavaScript within the page calls one of console API methods, e.g. `console.log` or `console.dir`. Also emitted if the page throws an error or a warning.
The arguments passed into `console.log` appear as arguments on the event handler.
Emitted when a JavaScript dialog appears, such as `alert`, `prompt`, `confirm` or `beforeunload`. Playwright can respond to the dialog via [Dialog]'s [accept](#dialogacceptprompttext) or [dismiss](#dialogdismiss) methods.
#### event: 'domcontentloaded'
Emitted when the JavaScript [`DOMContentLoaded`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Events/DOMContentLoaded) event is dispatched.
-`element`<[ElementHandle]> handle to the input element that was clicked
-`multiple`<[boolean]> Whether file chooser allow for [multiple](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/file#attr-multiple) file selection.
Emitted when a file chooser is supposed to appear, such as after clicking the `<input type=file>`. Playwright can respond to it via setting the input files using [`elementHandle.setInputFiles`](#elementhandlesetinputfilesfiles).
Emitted when a request fails, for example by timing out.
> **NOTE** HTTP Error responses, such as 404 or 503, are still successful responses from HTTP standpoint, so request will complete with [`'requestfinished'`](#event-requestfinished) event and not with [`'requestfailed'`](#event-requestfailed).
-`pageFunction`<[function]\([Element]\)> Function to be evaluated in browser context
-`...args`<...[Serializable]|[JSHandle]> Arguments to pass to `pageFunction`
- returns: <[Promise]<[Serializable]>> Promise which resolves to the return value of `pageFunction`
This method runs `document.querySelector` within the page and passes it as the first argument to `pageFunction`. If there's no element matching `selector`, the method throws an error.
If `pageFunction` returns a [Promise], then `page.$eval` would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
Examples:
```js
const searchValue = await page.$eval('#search', el => el.value);
const preloadHref = await page.$eval('link[rel=preload]', el => el.href);
const html = await page.$eval('.main-container', e => e.outerHTML);
```
Shortcut for [page.mainFrame().$eval(selector, pageFunction)](#frameevalselector-pagefunction-args).
#### page.$x(expression)
-`expression`<[string]> Expression to [evaluate](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/evaluate).
- returns: <[Promise]<[Array]<[ElementHandle]>>>
The method evaluates the XPath expression.
Shortcut for [page.mainFrame().$x(expression)](#framexexpression)
#### page.accessibility
- returns: <[Accessibility]>
#### page.addScriptTag(options)
-`options`<[Object]>
-`url`<[string]> URL of a script to be added.
-`path`<[string]> Path to the JavaScript file to be injected into frame. If `path` is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd).
-`content`<[string]> Raw JavaScript content to be injected into frame.
-`type`<[string]> Script type. Use 'module' in order to load a Javascript ES6 module. See [script](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/script) for more details.
- returns: <[Promise]<[ElementHandle]>> which resolves to the added tag when the script's onload fires or when the script content was injected into frame.
Adds a `<script>` tag into the page with the desired url or content.
Shortcut for [page.mainFrame().addScriptTag(options)](#frameaddscripttagoptions).
#### page.addStyleTag(options)
-`options`<[Object]>
-`url`<[string]> URL of the `<link>` tag.
-`path`<[string]> Path to the CSS file to be injected into frame. If `path` is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd).
-`content`<[string]> Raw CSS content to be injected into frame.
- returns: <[Promise]<[ElementHandle]>> which resolves to the added tag when the stylesheet's onload fires or when the CSS content was injected into frame.
Adds a `<link rel="stylesheet">` tag into the page with the desired url or a `<style type="text/css">` tag with the content.
Shortcut for [page.mainFrame().addStyleTag(options)](#frameaddstyletagoptions).
-`selector`<[string]|[Selector]> A [selector] to search for element to click. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be clicked.
-`button`<"left"|"right"|"middle"> Defaults to `left`.
-`clickCount`<[number]> defaults to 1. See [UIEvent.detail].
-`delay`<[number]> Time to wait between `mousedown` and `mouseup` in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.
-`relativePoint`<[Object]> A point to click relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, clicks to some visible point of the element.
- x <[number]>
- y <[number]>
-`modifiers`<[Array]<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the click, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element matching `selector` is successfully clicked. The Promise will be rejected if there is no element matching `selector`.
This method fetches an element with `selector`, scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses [page.mouse](#pagemouse) to click in the center of the element.
If there's no element matching `selector`, the method throws an error.
Bear in mind that if `click()` triggers a navigation event and there's a separate `page.waitForNavigation()` promise to be resolved, you may end up with a race condition that yields unexpected results. The correct pattern for click and wait for navigation is the following:
```javascript
const [response] = await Promise.all([
page.waitForNavigation(waitOptions),
page.click(selector, clickOptions),
]);
```
Shortcut for [page.mainFrame().click(selector[, options])](#frameclickselector-options).
#### page.close([options])
-`options`<[Object]>
-`runBeforeUnload`<[boolean]> Defaults to `false`. Whether to run the
-`selector`<[string]|[Selector]> A [selector] to search for element to double click. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be double clicked.
-`button`<"left"|"right"|"middle"> Defaults to `left`.
-`delay`<[number]> Time to wait between `mousedown` and `mouseup` in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.
-`relativePoint`<[Object]> A point to double click relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, double clicks to some visible point of the element.
- x <[number]>
- y <[number]>
-`modifiers`<[Array]<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the double click, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element matching `selector` is successfully double clicked. The Promise will be rejected if there is no element matching `selector`.
This method fetches an element with `selector`, scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses [page.mouse](#pagemouse) to double click in the center of the element.
If there's no element matching `selector`, the method throws an error.
Bear in mind that if the first click of the `dblclick()` triggers a navigation event, there will be an exception.
> **NOTE** `page.dblclick()` dispatches two `click` events and a single `dblclick` event.
Shortcut for [page.mainFrame().dblclick(selector[, options])](#framedblclickselector-options).
#### page.evaluate(pageFunction[, ...args])
-`pageFunction`<[function]|[string]> Function to be evaluated in the page context
-`...args`<...[Serializable]|[JSHandle]> Arguments to pass to `pageFunction`
- returns: <[Promise]<[Serializable]>> Promise which resolves to the return value of `pageFunction`
If the function passed to the `page.evaluate` returns a [Promise], then `page.evaluate` would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
If the function passed to the `page.evaluate` returns a non-[Serializable] value, then `page.evaluate` resolves to `undefined`. DevTools Protocol also supports transferring some additional values that are not serializable by `JSON`: `-0`, `NaN`, `Infinity`, `-Infinity`, and bigint literals.
Passing arguments to `pageFunction`:
```js
const result = await page.evaluate(x => {
return Promise.resolve(8 * x);
}, 7);
console.log(result); // prints "56"
```
A string can also be passed in instead of a function:
```js
console.log(await page.evaluate('1 + 2')); // prints "3"
const x = 10;
console.log(await page.evaluate(`1 + ${x}`)); // prints "11"
```
[ElementHandle] instances can be passed as arguments to the `page.evaluate`:
```js
const bodyHandle = await page.$('body');
const html = await page.evaluate(body => body.innerHTML, bodyHandle);
await bodyHandle.dispose();
```
Shortcut for [page.mainFrame().evaluate(pageFunction, ...args)](#frameevaluatepagefunction-args).
#### page.evaluateHandle(pageFunction[, ...args])
-`pageFunction`<[function]|[string]> Function to be evaluated in the page context
-`...args`<...[Serializable]|[JSHandle]> Arguments to pass to `pageFunction`
- returns: <[Promise]<[JSHandle]>> Promise which resolves to the return value of `pageFunction` as in-page object (JSHandle)
The only difference between `page.evaluate` and `page.evaluateHandle` is that `page.evaluateHandle` returns in-page object (JSHandle).
If the function passed to the `page.evaluateHandle` returns a [Promise], then `page.evaluateHandle` would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
A string can also be passed in instead of a function:
```js
const aHandle = await page.evaluateHandle('document'); // Handle for the 'document'
```
[JSHandle] instances can be passed as arguments to the `page.evaluateHandle`:
-`pageFunction`<[function]|[string]> Function to be evaluated in browser context
-`...args`<...[Serializable]> Arguments to pass to `pageFunction`
- returns: <[Promise]>
Adds a function which would be invoked in one of the following scenarios:
- whenever the page is navigated
- whenever the child frame is attached or navigated. In this case, the function is invoked in the context of the newly attached frame
The function is invoked after the document was created but before any of its scripts were run. This is useful to amend the JavaScript environment, e.g. to seed `Math.random`.
An example of overriding the navigator.languages property before the page loads:
```js
// preload.js
// overwrite the `languages` property to use a custom getter
Object.defineProperty(navigator, "languages", {
get: function() {
return ["en-US", "en", "bn"];
}
});
// In your playwright script, assuming the preload.js file is in same folder of our script
-`value`<[string]> Value to fill for the `<input>`, `<textarea>` or `[contenteditable]` element.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element matching `selector` is successfully filled. The promise will be rejected if there is no element matching `selector`.
This method focuses the element and triggers an `input` event after filling.
If there's no text `<input>`, `<textarea>` or `[contenteditable]` element matching `selector`, the method throws an error.
Shortcut for [page.mainFrame().fill()](#framefillselector-value)
-`selector`<[string]|[Selector]> A [selector] of an element to focus. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be focused.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element matching `selector` is successfully focused. The promise will be rejected if there is no element matching `selector`.
This method fetches an element with `selector` and focuses it.
If there's no element matching `selector`, the method throws an error.
Shortcut for [page.mainFrame().focus(selector)](#framefocusselector).
#### page.frames()
- returns: <[Array]<[Frame]>> An array of all frames attached to the page.
#### page.goBack([options])
-`options`<[Object]> Navigation parameters which might have the following properties:
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum navigation time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
-`waitUntil`<[string]|[Array]<[string]>> When to consider navigation succeeded, defaults to `load`. Given an array of event strings, navigation is considered to be successful after all events have been fired. Events can be either:
-`load` - consider navigation to be finished when the `load` event is fired.
-`domcontentloaded` - consider navigation to be finished when the `DOMContentLoaded` event is fired.
-`networkidle0` - consider navigation to be finished when there are no more than 0 network connections for at least `500` ms.
-`networkidle2` - consider navigation to be finished when there are no more than 2 network connections for at least `500` ms.
- returns: <[Promise]<?[Response]>> Promise which resolves to the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect. If
can not go back, resolves to `null`.
Navigate to the previous page in history.
#### page.goForward([options])
-`options`<[Object]> Navigation parameters which might have the following properties:
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum navigation time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
-`waitUntil`<[string]|[Array]<[string]>> When to consider navigation succeeded, defaults to `load`. Given an array of event strings, navigation is considered to be successful after all events have been fired. Events can be either:
-`load` - consider navigation to be finished when the `load` event is fired.
-`domcontentloaded` - consider navigation to be finished when the `DOMContentLoaded` event is fired.
-`networkidle0` - consider navigation to be finished when there are no more than 0 network connections for at least `500` ms.
-`networkidle2` - consider navigation to be finished when there are no more than 2 network connections for at least `500` ms.
- returns: <[Promise]<?[Response]>> Promise which resolves to the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect. If
can not go forward, resolves to `null`.
Navigate to the next page in history.
#### page.goto(url[, options])
-`url`<[string]> URL to navigate page to. The url should include scheme, e.g. `https://`.
-`options`<[Object]> Navigation parameters which might have the following properties:
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum navigation time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
-`waitUntil`<[string]|[Array]<[string]>> When to consider navigation succeeded, defaults to `load`. Given an array of event strings, navigation is considered to be successful after all events have been fired. Events can be either:
-`load` - consider navigation to be finished when the `load` event is fired.
-`domcontentloaded` - consider navigation to be finished when the `DOMContentLoaded` event is fired.
-`networkidle0` - consider navigation to be finished when there are no more than 0 network connections for at least `500` ms.
-`networkidle2` - consider navigation to be finished when there are no more than 2 network connections for at least `500` ms.
-`referer`<[string]> Referer header value. If provided it will take preference over the referer header value set by [page.setExtraHTTPHeaders()](#pagesetextrahttpheadersheaders).
- returns: <[Promise]<?[Response]>> Promise which resolves to the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect.
`page.goto` will throw an error if:
- there's an SSL error (e.g. in case of self-signed certificates).
- target URL is invalid.
- the `timeout` is exceeded during navigation.
- the remote server does not respond or is unreachable.
- the main resource failed to load.
`page.goto` will not throw an error when any valid HTTP status code is returned by the remote server, including 404 "Not Found" and 500 "Internal Server Error". The status code for such responses can be retrieved by calling [response.status()](#responsestatus).
> **NOTE** `page.goto` either throws an error or returns a main resource response. The only exceptions are navigation to `about:blank` or navigation to the same URL with a different hash, which would succeed and return `null`.
> **NOTE** Headless mode doesn't support navigation to a PDF document. See the [upstream issue](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=761295).
Shortcut for [page.mainFrame().goto(url, options)](#framegotourl-options)
-`selector`<[string]|[Selector]> A [selector] to search for element to hover. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be hovered.
-`relativePoint`<[Object]> A point to hover relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, hovers over some visible point of the element.
- x <[number]>
- y <[number]>
-`modifiers`<[Array]<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the hover, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element matching `selector` is successfully hovered. Promise gets rejected if there's no element matching `selector`.
This method fetches an element with `selector`, scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses [page.mouse](#pagemouse) to hover over the center of the element.
If there's no element matching `selector`, the method throws an error.
Shortcut for [page.mainFrame().hover(selector)](#framehoverselector).
-`options`<[Object]> Navigation parameters which might have the following properties:
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum navigation time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
-`waitUntil`<[string]|[Array]<[string]>> When to consider navigation succeeded, defaults to `load`. Given an array of event strings, navigation is considered to be successful after all events have been fired. Events can be either:
-`load` - consider navigation to be finished when the `load` event is fired.
-`domcontentloaded` - consider navigation to be finished when the `DOMContentLoaded` event is fired.
-`networkidle0` - consider navigation to be finished when there are no more than 0 network connections for at least `500` ms.
-`networkidle2` - consider navigation to be finished when there are no more than 2 network connections for at least `500` ms.
- returns: <[Promise]<[Response]>> Promise which resolves to the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect.
#### page.screenshot([options])
-`options`<[Object]> Options object which might have the following properties:
-`path`<[string]> The file path to save the image to. The screenshot type will be inferred from file extension. If `path` is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd). If no path is provided, the image won't be saved to the disk.
-`...values`<...[string]|[ElementHandle]|[Object]> Options to select. If the `<select>` has the `multiple` attribute, all matching options are selected, otherwise only the first option matching one of the passed options is selected. String values are equivalent to `{value:'string'}`. Option is considered matching if all specified properties match.
Shortcut for [page.mainFrame().select()](#frameselectselector-values)
#### page.setCacheEnabled([enabled])
-`enabled`<[boolean]> sets the `enabled` state of the cache.
- returns: <[Promise]>
Toggles ignoring cache for each request based on the enabled state. By default, caching is enabled.
#### page.setContent(html[, options])
-`html`<[string]> HTML markup to assign to the page.
-`options`<[Object]> Parameters which might have the following properties:
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds for resources to load, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
-`waitUntil`<[string]|[Array]<[string]>> When to consider setting markup succeeded, defaults to `load`. Given an array of event strings, setting content is considered to be successful after all events have been fired. Events can be either:
-`load` - consider setting content to be finished when the `load` event is fired.
-`domcontentloaded` - consider setting content to be finished when the `DOMContentLoaded` event is fired.
-`networkidle0` - consider setting content to be finished when there are no more than 0 network connections for at least `500` ms.
-`networkidle2` - consider setting content to be finished when there are no more than 2 network connections for at least `500` ms.
- returns: <[Promise]>
#### page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum navigation time in milliseconds
This setting will change the default maximum navigation time for the following methods and related shortcuts:
-`selector`<[string]|[Selector]> A [selector] to search for element to triple click. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be triple clicked.
-`button`<"left"|"right"|"middle"> Defaults to `left`.
-`delay`<[number]> Time to wait between `mousedown` and `mouseup` in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.
-`relativePoint`<[Object]> A point to triple click relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, triple clicks to some visible point of the element.
- x <[number]>
- y <[number]>
-`modifiers`<[Array]<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the triple click, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element matching `selector` is successfully triple clicked. The Promise will be rejected if there is no element matching `selector`.
This method fetches an element with `selector`, scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses [page.mouse](#pagemouse) to triple click in the center of the element.
If there's no element matching `selector`, the method throws an error.
Bear in mind that if the first or second click of the `tripleclick()` triggers a navigation event, there will be an exception.
> **NOTE** `page.tripleclick()` dispatches three `click` events and a single `dblclick` event.
Shortcut for [page.mainFrame().tripleclick(selector[, options])](#frametripleclickselector-options).
-`selector`<[string]|[Selector]> A [selector] of an element to type into. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
-`selectorOrFunctionOrTimeout`<[string]|[number]|[function]> A [selector], predicate or timeout to wait for
-`options`<[Object]> Optional waiting parameters
-`visible`<[boolean]> wait for element to be present in DOM and to be visible. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> maximum time to wait for in milliseconds. Defaults to `30000` (30 seconds). Pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) method.
-`hidden`<[boolean]> wait for element to not be found in the DOM or to be hidden. Defaults to `false`.
-`polling`<[string]|[number]> An interval at which the `pageFunction` is executed, defaults to `raf`. If `polling` is a number, then it is treated as an interval in milliseconds at which the function would be executed. If `polling` is a string, then it can be one of the following values:
-`raf` - to constantly execute `pageFunction` in `requestAnimationFrame` callback. This is the tightest polling mode which is suitable to observe styling changes.
-`mutation` - to execute `pageFunction` on every DOM mutation.
-`...args`<...[Serializable]|[JSHandle]> Arguments to pass to `pageFunction`
- returns: <[Promise]<[JSHandle]>> Promise which resolves to a JSHandle of the success value
This method behaves differently with respect to the type of the first parameter:
- if `selectorOrFunctionOrTimeout` is a `string`, then the first argument is treated as a [selector] or [xpath], depending on whether or not it starts with '//', and the method is a shortcut for
[page.waitForSelector](#pagewaitforselectorselector-options) or [page.waitForXPath](#pagewaitforxpathxpath-options)
- if `selectorOrFunctionOrTimeout` is a `function`, then the first argument is treated as a predicate to wait for and the method is a shortcut for [page.waitForFunction()](#pagewaitforfunctionpagefunction-options-args).
- if `selectorOrFunctionOrTimeout` is a `number`, then the first argument is treated as a timeout in milliseconds and the method returns a promise which resolves after the timeout
Shortcut for [page.mainFrame().waitFor(selectorOrFunctionOrTimeout[, options[, ...args]])](#framewaitforselectororfunctionortimeout-options-args).
#### page.waitForFileChooser([options])
-`options`<[Object]> Optional waiting parameters
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum wait time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable the timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) method.
-`polling`<[number]|"raf"|"mutation"> An interval at which the `pageFunction` is executed, defaults to `raf`. If `polling` is a number, then it is treated as an interval in milliseconds at which the function would be executed. If `polling` is a string, then it can be one of the following values:
-`raf` - to constantly execute `pageFunction` in `requestAnimationFrame` callback. This is the tightest polling mode which is suitable to observe styling changes.
-`mutation` - to execute `pageFunction` on every DOM mutation.
-`timeout`<[number]> maximum time to wait for in milliseconds. Defaults to `30000` (30 seconds). Pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) method.
-`...args`<...[Serializable]|[JSHandle]> Arguments to pass to `pageFunction`
- returns: <[Promise]<[JSHandle]>> Promise which resolves when the `pageFunction` returns a truthy value. It resolves to a JSHandle of the truthy value.
The `waitForFunction` can be used to observe viewport size change:
Shortcut for [page.mainFrame().waitForFunction(pageFunction[, options[, ...args]])](#framewaitforfunctionpagefunction-options-args).
#### page.waitForNavigation([options])
-`options`<[Object]> Navigation parameters which might have the following properties:
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum navigation time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
-`waitUntil`<[string]|[Array]<[string]>> When to consider navigation succeeded, defaults to `load`. Given an array of event strings, navigation is considered to be successful after all events have been fired. Events can be either:
-`load` - consider navigation to be finished when the `load` event is fired.
-`domcontentloaded` - consider navigation to be finished when the `DOMContentLoaded` event is fired.
-`networkidle0` - consider navigation to be finished when there are no more than 0 network connections for at least `500` ms.
-`networkidle2` - consider navigation to be finished when there are no more than 2 network connections for at least `500` ms.
- returns: <[Promise]<?[Response]>> Promise which resolves to the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect. In case of navigation to a different anchor or navigation due to History API usage, the navigation will resolve with `null`.
This resolves when the page navigates to a new URL or reloads. It is useful for when you run code
which will indirectly cause the page to navigate. Consider this example:
```js
const [response] = await Promise.all([
page.waitForNavigation(), // The promise resolves after navigation has finished
page.click('a.my-link'), // Clicking the link will indirectly cause a navigation
]);
```
**NOTE** Usage of the [History API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/History_API) to change the URL is considered a navigation.
Shortcut for [page.mainFrame().waitForNavigation(options)](#framewaitfornavigationoptions).
-`urlOrPredicate`<[string]|[Function]> A URL or predicate to wait for.
-`options`<[Object]> Optional waiting parameters
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum wait time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable the timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) method.
- returns: <[Promise]<[Request]>> Promise which resolves to the matched request.
-`urlOrPredicate`<[string]|[Function]> A URL or predicate to wait for.
-`options`<[Object]> Optional waiting parameters
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum wait time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable the timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) method.
- returns: <[Promise]<[Response]>> Promise which resolves to the matched response.
-`timeout`<[number]> maximum time to wait for in milliseconds. Defaults to `30000` (30 seconds). Pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) method.
- returns: <[Promise]<?[ElementHandle]>> Promise which resolves when element specified by selector string is added to DOM. Resolves to `null` if waiting for `hidden: true` and selector is not found in DOM.
Wait for the `selector` to appear in page. If at the moment of calling
the method the `selector` already exists, the method will return
immediately. If the selector doesn't appear after the `timeout` milliseconds of waiting, the function will throw.
.then(() => console.log('First URL with image: ' + currentURL));
for (currentURL of ['https://example.com', 'https://google.com', 'https://bbc.com']) {
await page.goto(currentURL);
}
await browser.close();
})();
```
Shortcut for [page.mainFrame().waitForSelector(selector[, options])](#framewaitforselectorselector-options).
#### page.waitForXPath(xpath[, options])
-`xpath`<[string]> A [xpath] of an element to wait for
-`options`<[Object]> Optional waiting parameters
-`timeout`<[number]> maximum time to wait for in milliseconds. Defaults to `30000` (30 seconds). Pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) method.
- returns: <[Promise]<?[ElementHandle]>> Promise which resolves when element specified by xpath string is added to DOM. Resolves to `null` if waiting for `hidden: true` and xpath is not found in DOM.
Wait for the `xpath` to appear in page. If at the moment of calling
the method the `xpath` already exists, the method will return
immediately. If the xpath doesn't appear after the `timeout` milliseconds of waiting, the function will throw.
-`pageFunction`<[function]|[string]> Function to be evaluated in the worker context
-`...args`<...[Serializable]|[JSHandle]> Arguments to pass to `pageFunction`
- returns: <[Promise]<[Serializable]>> Promise which resolves to the return value of `pageFunction`
If the function passed to the `worker.evaluate` returns a [Promise], then `worker.evaluate` would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
If the function passed to the `worker.evaluate` returns a non-[Serializable] value, then `worker.evaluate` resolves to `undefined`. DevTools Protocol also supports transferring some additional values that are not serializable by `JSON`: `-0`, `NaN`, `Infinity`, `-Infinity`, and bigint literals.
Shortcut for [(await worker.executionContext()).evaluate(pageFunction, ...args)](#executioncontextevaluatepagefunction-args).
-`pageFunction`<[function]|[string]> Function to be evaluated in the page context
-`...args`<...[Serializable]|[JSHandle]> Arguments to pass to `pageFunction`
- returns: <[Promise]<[JSHandle]>> Promise which resolves to the return value of `pageFunction` as in-page object (JSHandle)
The only difference between `worker.evaluate` and `worker.evaluateHandle` is that `worker.evaluateHandle` returns in-page object (JSHandle).
If the function passed to the `worker.evaluateHandle` returns a [Promise], then `worker.evaluateHandle` would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
Shortcut for [(await worker.executionContext()).evaluateHandle(pageFunction, ...args)](#executioncontextevaluatehandlepagefunction-args).
The Accessibility class provides methods for inspecting Chromium's accessibility tree. The accessibility tree is used by assistive technology such as [screen readers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_reader) or [switches](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switch_access).
Accessibility is a very platform-specific thing. On different platforms, there are different screen readers that might have wildly different output.
Blink - Chrome's rendering engine - has a concept of "accessibility tree", which is then translated into different platform-specific APIs. Accessibility namespace gives users
access to the Blink Accessibility Tree.
Most of the accessibility tree gets filtered out when converting from Blink AX Tree to Platform-specific AX-Tree or by assistive technologies themselves. By default, Playwright tries to approximate this filtering, exposing only the "interesting" nodes of the tree.
#### accessibility.snapshot([options])
-`options`<[Object]>
-`interestingOnly`<[boolean]> Prune uninteresting nodes from the tree. Defaults to `true`.
-`root`<[ElementHandle]> The root DOM element for the snapshot. Defaults to the whole page.
- returns: <[Promise]<[Object]>> An [AXNode] object with the following properties:
-`role`<[string]> The [role](https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#usage_intro).
-`name`<[string]> A human readable name for the node.
-`value`<[string]|[number]> The current value of the node.
-`description`<[string]> An additional human readable description of the node.
-`keyshortcuts`<[string]> Keyboard shortcuts associated with this node.
-`roledescription`<[string]> A human readable alternative to the role.
-`valuetext`<[string]> A description of the current value.
-`disabled`<[boolean]> Whether the node is disabled.
-`expanded`<[boolean]> Whether the node is expanded or collapsed.
-`focused`<[boolean]> Whether the node is focused.
-`modal`<[boolean]> Whether the node is [modal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal_window).
-`multiline`<[boolean]> Whether the node text input supports multiline.
-`multiselectable`<[boolean]> Whether more than one child can be selected.
-`readonly`<[boolean]> Whether the node is read only.
-`required`<[boolean]> Whether the node is required.
-`selected`<[boolean]> Whether the node is selected in its parent node.
-`checked`<[boolean]|"mixed"> Whether the checkbox is checked, or "mixed".
-`pressed`<[boolean]|"mixed"> Whether the toggle button is checked, or "mixed".
-`level`<[number]> The level of a heading.
-`valuemin`<[number]> The minimum value in a node.
-`valuemax`<[number]> The maximum value in a node.
-`autocomplete`<[string]> What kind of autocomplete is supported by a control.
-`haspopup`<[string]> What kind of popup is currently being shown for a node.
-`invalid`<[string]> Whether and in what way this node's value is invalid.
-`orientation`<[string]> Whether the node is oriented horizontally or vertically.
-`children`<[Array]<[Object]>> Child [AXNode]s of this node, if any.
Captures the current state of the accessibility tree. The returned object represents the root accessible node of the page.
> **NOTE** The Chromium accessibility tree contains nodes that go unused on most platforms and by
most screen readers. Playwright will discard them as well for an easier to process tree,
unless `interestingOnly` is set to `false`.
An example of dumping the entire accessibility tree:
Keyboard provides an api for managing a virtual keyboard. The high level api is [`keyboard.type`](#keyboardtypetext-options), which takes raw characters and generates proper keydown, keypress/input, and keyup events on your page.
For finer control, you can use [`keyboard.down`](#keyboarddownkey-options), [`keyboard.up`](#keyboardupkey), and [`keyboard.sendCharacters`](#keyboardsendcharacterstext) to manually fire events as if they were generated from a real keyboard.
An example of holding down `Shift` in order to select and delete some text:
```js
await page.keyboard.type('Hello World!');
await page.keyboard.press('ArrowLeft');
await page.keyboard.down('Shift');
for (let i = 0; i < ' World'.length; i++)
await page.keyboard.press('ArrowLeft');
await page.keyboard.up('Shift');
await page.keyboard.press('Backspace');
// Result text will end up saying 'Hello!'
```
An example of pressing `A`
```js
await page.keyboard.down('Shift');
await page.keyboard.press('KeyA');
await page.keyboard.up('Shift');
```
> **NOTE** On MacOS, keyboard shortcuts like `⌘ A` -> Select All do not work. See [#1313](https://github.com/GoogleChrome/puppeteer/issues/1313)
#### keyboard.down(key[, options])
-`key`<[string]> Name of key to press, such as `ArrowLeft`. See [USKeyboardLayout] for a list of all key names.
-`options`<[Object]>
-`text`<[string]> If specified, generates an input event with this text.
- returns: <[Promise]>
Dispatches a `keydown` event.
If `key` is a single character and no modifier keys besides `Shift` are being held down, a `keypress`/`input` event will also generated. The `text` option can be specified to force an input event to be generated.
If `key` is a modifier key, `Shift`, `Meta`, `Control`, or `Alt`, subsequent key presses will be sent with that modifier active. To release the modifier key, use [`keyboard.up`](#keyboardupkey).
After the key is pressed once, subsequent calls to [`keyboard.down`](#keyboarddownkey-options) will have [repeat](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/KeyboardEvent/repeat) set to true. To release the key, use [`keyboard.up`](#keyboardupkey).
> **NOTE** Modifier keys DO influence `keyboard.down`. Holding down `Shift` will type the text in upper case.
#### keyboard.press(key[, options])
-`key`<[string]> Name of key to press, such as `ArrowLeft`. See [USKeyboardLayout] for a list of all key names.
-`options`<[Object]>
-`text`<[string]> If specified, generates an input event with this text.
-`delay`<[number]> Time to wait between `keydown` and `keyup` in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.
- returns: <[Promise]>
If `key` is a single character and no modifier keys besides `Shift` are being held down, a `keypress`/`input` event will also generated. The `text` option can be specified to force an input event to be generated.
> **NOTE** Modifier keys DO effect `keyboard.press`. Holding down `Shift` will type the text in upper case.
Shortcut for [`keyboard.down`](#keyboarddownkey-options) and [`keyboard.up`](#keyboardupkey).
Shortcut for [`mouse.move`](#mousemovex-y-options), [`mouse.down`](#mousedownoptions), [`mouse.up`](#mouseupoptions), [`mouse.down`](#mousedownoptions) and [`mouse.up`](#mouseupoptions).
#### mouse.down([options])
-`options`<[Object]>
-`button`<"left"|"right"|"middle"> Defaults to `left`.
-`clickCount`<[number]> defaults to 1. See [UIEvent.detail].
- returns: <[Promise]>
Dispatches a `mousedown` event.
#### mouse.move(x, y[, options])
-`x`<[number]>
-`y`<[number]>
-`options`<[Object]>
-`steps`<[number]> defaults to 1. Sends intermediate `mousemove` events.
- returns: <[Promise]>
Dispatches a `mousemove` event.
#### mouse.tripleclick(x, y[, options])
-`x`<[number]>
-`y`<[number]>
-`options`<[Object]>
-`button`<"left"|"right"|"middle"> Defaults to `left`.
-`delay`<[number]> Time to wait between `mousedown` and `mouseup` in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.
Shortcut for [`mouse.move`](#mousemovex-y-options), [`mouse.down`](#mousedownoptions), [`mouse.up`](#mouseupoptions), [`mouse.down`](#mousedownoptions), [`mouse.up`](#mouseupoptions), [`mouse.down`](#mousedownoptions) and [`mouse.up`](#mouseupoptions).
#### mouse.up([options])
-`options`<[Object]>
-`button`<"left"|"right"|"middle"> Defaults to `left`.
-`clickCount`<[number]> defaults to 1. See [UIEvent.detail].
-`options`<[Object]> Options object which might have the following properties:
-`path`<[string]> The file path to save the PDF to. If `path` is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd). If no path is provided, the PDF won't be saved to the disk.
-`scale`<[number]> Scale of the webpage rendering. Defaults to `1`. Scale amount must be between 0.1 and 2.
-`displayHeaderFooter`<[boolean]> Display header and footer. Defaults to `false`.
-`headerTemplate`<[string]> HTML template for the print header. Should be valid HTML markup with following classes used to inject printing values into them:
-`date` formatted print date
-`title` document title
-`url` document location
-`pageNumber` current page number
-`totalPages` total pages in the document
-`footerTemplate`<[string]> HTML template for the print footer. Should use the same format as the `headerTemplate`.
-`printBackground`<[boolean]> Print background graphics. Defaults to `false`.
-`landscape`<[boolean]> Paper orientation. Defaults to `false`.
-`pageRanges`<[string]> Paper ranges to print, e.g., '1-5, 8, 11-13'. Defaults to the empty string, which means print all pages.
-`format`<[string]> Paper format. If set, takes priority over `width` or `height` options. Defaults to 'Letter'.
-`width`<[string]|[number]> Paper width, accepts values labeled with units.
-`height`<[string]|[number]> Paper height, accepts values labeled with units.
-`margin`<[Object]> Paper margins, defaults to none.
-`top`<[string]|[number]> Top margin, accepts values labeled with units.
-`right`<[string]|[number]> Right margin, accepts values labeled with units.
-`bottom`<[string]|[number]> Bottom margin, accepts values labeled with units.
-`left`<[string]|[number]> Left margin, accepts values labeled with units.
-`preferCSSPageSize`<[boolean]> Give any CSS `@page` size declared in the page priority over what is declared in `width` and `height` or `format` options. Defaults to `false`, which will scale the content to fit the paper size.
- returns: <[Promise]<[Buffer]>> Promise which resolves with PDF buffer.
> **NOTE** Generating a pdf is currently only supported in Chrome headless.
`pdf.generate()` generates a pdf of the page with `print` css media. To generate a pdf with `screen` media, call [page.emulateMedia({ type: 'screen' })](#pageemulatemedia) before calling `pdf.generate()`:
> **NOTE** By default, `pdf.generate()` generates a pdf with modified colors for printing. Use the [`-webkit-print-color-adjust`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/-webkit-print-color-adjust) property to force rendering of exact colors.
Chromium-specific features including Tracing, service worker support, etc.
You can use [`chromium.startTracing`](#chromiumstarttracingpage-options) and [`chromium.stopTracing`](#chromiumstoptracing) to create a trace file which can be opened in Chrome DevTools or [timeline viewer](https://chromedevtools.github.io/timeline-viewer/).
Emitted when a target is created, for example when a new page is opened by [`window.open`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/open) or [`browserContext.newPage`](#browsercontextnewpage).
Browser websocket endpoint which can be used as an argument to
[playwright.connect](#playwrightconnectoptions). The format is `ws://${host}:${port}/devtools/browser/<id>`
You can find the `webSocketDebuggerUrl` from `http://${host}:${port}/json/version`. Learn more about the [devtools protocol](https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol) and the [browser endpoint](https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/#how-do-i-access-the-browser-target).
-`promptText`<[string]> A text to enter in prompt. Does not cause any effects if the dialog's `type` is not prompt.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the dialog has been accepted.
#### dialog.defaultValue()
- returns: <[string]> If dialog is prompt, returns default prompt value. Otherwise, returns empty string.
#### dialog.dismiss()
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the dialog has been dismissed.
#### dialog.message()
- returns: <[string]> A message displayed in the dialog.
#### dialog.type()
- returns: <[string]> Dialog's type, can be one of `alert`, `beforeunload`, `confirm` or `prompt`.
### class: ConsoleMessage
[ConsoleMessage] objects are dispatched by page via the ['console'](#event-console) event.
#### consoleMessage.args()
- returns: <[Array]<[JSHandle]>>
#### consoleMessage.location()
- returns: <[Object]>
-`url`<[string]> URL of the resource if known or `undefined` otherwise.
-`lineNumber`<[number]> 0-based line number in the resource if known or `undefined` otherwise.
-`columnNumber`<[number]> 0-based column number in the resource if known or `undefined` otherwise.
#### consoleMessage.text()
- returns: <[string]>
#### consoleMessage.type()
- returns: <[string]>
One of the following values: `'log'`, `'debug'`, `'info'`, `'error'`, `'warning'`, `'dir'`, `'dirxml'`, `'table'`, `'trace'`, `'clear'`, `'startGroup'`, `'startGroupCollapsed'`, `'endGroup'`, `'assert'`, `'profile'`, `'profileEnd'`, `'count'`, `'timeEnd'`.
### class: Frame
At every point of time, page exposes its current frame tree via the [page.mainFrame()](#pagemainframe) and [frame.childFrames()](#framechildframes) methods.
[Frame] object's lifecycle is controlled by three events, dispatched on the page object:
- ['frameattached'](#event-frameattached) - fired when the frame gets attached to the page. A Frame can be attached to the page only once.
- ['framenavigated'](#event-framenavigated) - fired when the frame commits navigation to a different URL.
- ['framedetached'](#event-framedetached) - fired when the frame gets detached from the page. A Frame can be detached from the page only once.
-`pageFunction`<[function]\([Element]\)> Function to be evaluated in browser context
-`...args`<...[Serializable]|[JSHandle]> Arguments to pass to `pageFunction`
- returns: <[Promise]<[Serializable]>> Promise which resolves to the return value of `pageFunction`
This method runs `document.querySelector` within the frame and passes it as the first argument to `pageFunction`. If there's no element matching `selector`, the method throws an error.
If `pageFunction` returns a [Promise], then `frame.$eval` would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
Examples:
```js
const searchValue = await frame.$eval('#search', el => el.value);
const preloadHref = await frame.$eval('link[rel=preload]', el => el.href);
const html = await frame.$eval('.main-container', e => e.outerHTML);
```
#### frame.$x(expression)
-`expression`<[string]> Expression to [evaluate](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/evaluate).
- returns: <[Promise]<[Array]<[ElementHandle]>>>
The method evaluates the XPath expression.
#### frame.addScriptTag(options)
-`options`<[Object]>
-`url`<[string]> URL of a script to be added.
-`path`<[string]> Path to the JavaScript file to be injected into frame. If `path` is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd).
-`content`<[string]> Raw JavaScript content to be injected into frame.
-`type`<[string]> Script type. Use 'module' in order to load a Javascript ES6 module. See [script](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/script) for more details.
- returns: <[Promise]<[ElementHandle]>> which resolves to the added tag when the script's onload fires or when the script content was injected into frame.
Adds a `<script>` tag into the page with the desired url or content.
#### frame.addStyleTag(options)
-`options`<[Object]>
-`url`<[string]> URL of the `<link>` tag.
-`path`<[string]> Path to the CSS file to be injected into frame. If `path` is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd).
-`content`<[string]> Raw CSS content to be injected into frame.
- returns: <[Promise]<[ElementHandle]>> which resolves to the added tag when the stylesheet's onload fires or when the CSS content was injected into frame.
Adds a `<link rel="stylesheet">` tag into the page with the desired url or a `<style type="text/css">` tag with the content.
-`selector`<[string]|[Selector]> A [selector] to search for element to click. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be clicked.
-`button`<"left"|"right"|"middle"> Defaults to `left`.
-`clickCount`<[number]> defaults to 1. See [UIEvent.detail].
-`delay`<[number]> Time to wait between `mousedown` and `mouseup` in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.
-`relativePoint`<[Object]> A point to click relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, clicks to some visible point of the element.
- x <[number]>
- y <[number]>
-`modifiers`<[Array]<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the click, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element matching `selector` is successfully clicked. The Promise will be rejected if there is no element matching `selector`.
This method fetches an element with `selector`, scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses [page.mouse](#pagemouse) to click in the center of the element.
If there's no element matching `selector`, the method throws an error.
Bear in mind that if `click()` triggers a navigation event and there's a separate `page.waitForNavigation()` promise to be resolved, you may end up with a race condition that yields unexpected results. The correct pattern for click and wait for navigation is the following:
```javascript
const [response] = await Promise.all([
page.waitForNavigation(waitOptions),
frame.click(selector, clickOptions),
]);
```
#### frame.content()
- returns: <[Promise]<[string]>>
Gets the full HTML contents of the frame, including the doctype.
-`selector`<[string]|[Selector]> A [selector] to search for element to double click. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be double clicked.
-`button`<"left"|"right"|"middle"> Defaults to `left`.
-`delay`<[number]> Time to wait between `mousedown` and `mouseup` in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.
-`relativePoint`<[Object]> A point to double click relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, double clicks to some visible point of the element.
- x <[number]>
- y <[number]>
-`modifiers`<[Array]<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the double click, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element matching `selector` is successfully double clicked. The Promise will be rejected if there is no element matching `selector`.
This method fetches an element with `selector`, scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses [page.mouse](#pagemouse) to double click in the center of the element.
If there's no element matching `selector`, the method throws an error.
Bear in mind that if the first click of the `dblclick()` triggers a navigation event, there will be an exception.
> **NOTE** `frame.dblclick()` dispatches two `click` events and a single `dblclick` event.
#### frame.evaluate(pageFunction[, ...args])
-`pageFunction`<[function]|[string]> Function to be evaluated in browser context
-`...args`<...[Serializable]|[JSHandle]> Arguments to pass to `pageFunction`
- returns: <[Promise]<[Serializable]>> Promise which resolves to the return value of `pageFunction`
If the function passed to the `frame.evaluate` returns a [Promise], then `frame.evaluate` would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
If the function passed to the `frame.evaluate` returns a non-[Serializable] value, then `frame.evaluate` resolves to `undefined`. DevTools Protocol also supports transferring some additional values that are not serializable by `JSON`: `-0`, `NaN`, `Infinity`, `-Infinity`, and bigint literals.
```js
const result = await frame.evaluate(() => {
return Promise.resolve(8 * 7);
});
console.log(result); // prints "56"
```
A string can also be passed in instead of a function.
```js
console.log(await frame.evaluate('1 + 2')); // prints "3"
```
[ElementHandle] instances can be passed as arguments to the `frame.evaluate`:
```js
const bodyHandle = await frame.$('body');
const html = await frame.evaluate(body => body.innerHTML, bodyHandle);
-`pageFunction`<[function]|[string]> Function to be evaluated in the page context
-`...args`<...[Serializable]|[JSHandle]> Arguments to pass to `pageFunction`
- returns: <[Promise]<[JSHandle]>> Promise which resolves to the return value of `pageFunction` as in-page object (JSHandle)
The only difference between `frame.evaluate` and `frame.evaluateHandle` is that `frame.evaluateHandle` returns in-page object (JSHandle).
If the function, passed to the `frame.evaluateHandle`, returns a [Promise], then `frame.evaluateHandle` would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
-`value`<[string]> Value to fill for the `<input>`, `<textarea>` or `[contenteditable]` element.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element matching `selector` is successfully filled. The promise will be rejected if there is no element matching `selector`.
This method focuses the element and triggers an `input` event after filling.
If there's no text `<input>`, `<textarea>` or `[contenteditable]` element matching `selector`, the method throws an error.
-`selector`<[string]|[Selector]> A [selector] of an element to focus. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be focused.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element matching `selector` is successfully focused. The promise will be rejected if there is no element matching `selector`.
This method fetches an element with `selector` and focuses it.
If there's no element matching `selector`, the method throws an error.
#### frame.goto(url[, options])
-`url`<[string]> URL to navigate frame to. The url should include scheme, e.g. `https://`.
-`options`<[Object]> Navigation parameters which might have the following properties:
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum navigation time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
-`waitUntil`<[string]|[Array]<[string]>> When to consider navigation succeeded, defaults to `load`. Given an array of event strings, navigation is considered to be successful after all events have been fired. Events can be either:
-`load` - consider navigation to be finished when the `load` event is fired.
-`domcontentloaded` - consider navigation to be finished when the `DOMContentLoaded` event is fired.
-`networkidle0` - consider navigation to be finished when there are no more than 0 network connections for at least `500` ms.
-`networkidle2` - consider navigation to be finished when there are no more than 2 network connections for at least `500` ms.
-`referer`<[string]> Referer header value. If provided it will take preference over the referer header value set by [page.setExtraHTTPHeaders()](#pagesetextrahttpheadersheaders).
- returns: <[Promise]<?[Response]>> Promise which resolves to the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect.
`frame.goto` will throw an error if:
- there's an SSL error (e.g. in case of self-signed certificates).
- target URL is invalid.
- the `timeout` is exceeded during navigation.
- the remote server does not respond or is unreachable.
- the main resource failed to load.
`frame.goto` will not throw an error when any valid HTTP status code is returned by the remote server, including 404 "Not Found" and 500 "Internal Server Error". The status code for such responses can be retrieved by calling [response.status()](#responsestatus).
> **NOTE** `frame.goto` either throws an error or returns a main resource response. The only exceptions are navigation to `about:blank` or navigation to the same URL with a different hash, which would succeed and return `null`.
> **NOTE** Headless mode doesn't support navigation to a PDF document. See the [upstream issue](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=761295).
-`selector`<[string]|[Selector]> A [selector] to search for element to hover. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be hovered.
-`relativePoint`<[Object]> A point to hover relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, hovers over some visible point of the element.
- x <[number]>
- y <[number]>
-`modifiers`<[Array]<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the hover, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element matching `selector` is successfully hovered. Promise gets rejected if there's no element matching `selector`.
This method fetches an element with `selector`, scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses [page.mouse](#pagemouse) to hover over the center of the element.
If there's no element matching `selector`, the method throws an error.
#### frame.isDetached()
- returns: <[boolean]>
Returns `true` if the frame has been detached, or `false` otherwise.
#### frame.name()
- returns: <[string]>
Returns frame's name attribute as specified in the tag.
If the name is empty, returns the id attribute instead.
> **NOTE** This value is calculated once when the frame is created, and will not update if the attribute is changed later.
#### frame.parentFrame()
- returns: <?[Frame]> Parent frame, if any. Detached frames and main frames return `null`.
-`...values`<...[string]|[ElementHandle]|[Object]> Options to select. If the `<select>` has the `multiple` attribute, all matching options are selected, otherwise only the first option matching one of the passed options is selected. String values are equivalent to `{value:'string'}`. Option is considered matching if all specified properties match.
-`html`<[string]> HTML markup to assign to the page.
-`options`<[Object]> Parameters which might have the following properties:
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds for resources to load, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
-`waitUntil`<[string]|[Array]<[string]>> When to consider setting markup succeeded, defaults to `load`. Given an array of event strings, setting content is considered to be successful after all events have been fired. Events can be either:
-`load` - consider setting content to be finished when the `load` event is fired.
-`domcontentloaded` - consider setting content to be finished when the `DOMContentLoaded` event is fired.
-`networkidle0` - consider setting content to be finished when there are no more than 0 network connections for at least `500` ms.
-`networkidle2` - consider setting content to be finished when there are no more than 2 network connections for at least `500` ms.
- returns: <[Promise]>
#### frame.title()
- returns: <[Promise]<[string]>> The page's title.
-`selector`<[string]|[Selector]> A [selector] to search for element to triple click. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be triple clicked.
-`button`<"left"|"right"|"middle"> Defaults to `left`.
-`delay`<[number]> Time to wait between `mousedown` and `mouseup` in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.
-`relativePoint`<[Object]> A point to triple click relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, triple clicks to some visible point of the element.
- x <[number]>
- y <[number]>
-`modifiers`<[Array]<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the triple click, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element matching `selector` is successfully triple clicked. The Promise will be rejected if there is no element matching `selector`.
This method fetches an element with `selector`, scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses [page.mouse](#pagemouse) to triple click in the center of the element.
If there's no element matching `selector`, the method throws an error.
Bear in mind that if the first or second click of the `tripleclick()` triggers a navigation event, there will be an exception.
> **NOTE** `frame.tripleclick()` dispatches three `click` events and a single `dblclick` event.
-`selector`<[string]|[Selector]> A [selector] of an element to type into. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
-`selectorOrFunctionOrTimeout`<[string]|[number]|[function]> A [selector], predicate or timeout to wait for
-`options`<[Object]> Optional waiting parameters
-`...args`<...[Serializable]|[JSHandle]> Arguments to pass to `pageFunction`
- returns: <[Promise]<[JSHandle]>> Promise which resolves to a JSHandle of the success value
This method behaves differently with respect to the type of the first parameter:
- if `selectorOrFunctionOrTimeout` is a `string`, then the first argument is treated as a [selector] or [xpath], depending on whether or not it starts with '//', and the method is a shortcut for
[frame.waitForSelector](#framewaitforselectorselector-options) or [frame.waitForXPath](#framewaitforxpathxpath-options)
- if `selectorOrFunctionOrTimeout` is a `function`, then the first argument is treated as a predicate to wait for and the method is a shortcut for [frame.waitForFunction()](#framewaitforfunctionpagefunction-options-args).
- if `selectorOrFunctionOrTimeout` is a `number`, then the first argument is treated as a timeout in milliseconds and the method returns a promise which resolves after the timeout
-`polling`<[number]|"raf"|"mutation"> An interval at which the `pageFunction` is executed, defaults to `raf`. If `polling` is a number, then it is treated as an interval in milliseconds at which the function would be executed. If `polling` is a string, then it can be one of the following values:
-`raf` - to constantly execute `pageFunction` in `requestAnimationFrame` callback. This is the tightest polling mode which is suitable to observe styling changes.
-`mutation` - to execute `pageFunction` on every DOM mutation.
-`timeout`<[number]> maximum time to wait for in milliseconds. Defaults to `30000` (30 seconds). Pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) method.
-`...args`<...[Serializable]|[JSHandle]> Arguments to pass to `pageFunction`
- returns: <[Promise]<[JSHandle]>> Promise which resolves when the `pageFunction` returns a truthy value. It resolves to a JSHandle of the truthy value.
The `waitForFunction` can be used to observe viewport size change:
-`options`<[Object]> Navigation parameters which might have the following properties:
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum navigation time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
-`waitUntil`<[string]|[Array]<[string]>> When to consider navigation succeeded, defaults to `load`. Given an array of event strings, navigation is considered to be successful after all events have been fired. Events can be either:
-`load` - consider navigation to be finished when the `load` event is fired.
-`domcontentloaded` - consider navigation to be finished when the `DOMContentLoaded` event is fired.
-`networkidle0` - consider navigation to be finished when there are no more than 0 network connections for at least `500` ms.
-`networkidle2` - consider navigation to be finished when there are no more than 2 network connections for at least `500` ms.
- returns: <[Promise]<?[Response]>> Promise which resolves to the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect. In case of navigation to a different anchor or navigation due to History API usage, the navigation will resolve with `null`.
This resolves when the frame navigates to a new URL. It is useful for when you run code
which will indirectly cause the frame to navigate. Consider this example:
```js
const [response] = await Promise.all([
frame.waitForNavigation(), // The navigation promise resolves after navigation has finished
frame.click('a.my-link'), // Clicking the link will indirectly cause a navigation
]);
```
**NOTE** Usage of the [History API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/History_API) to change the URL is considered a navigation.
-`timeout`<[number]> maximum time to wait for in milliseconds. Defaults to `30000` (30 seconds). Pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) method.
- returns: <[Promise]<?[ElementHandle]>> Promise which resolves when element specified by selector string is added to DOM. Resolves to `null` if waiting for `hidden: true` and selector is not found in DOM.
Wait for the `selector` to appear in page. If at the moment of calling
the method the `selector` already exists, the method will return
immediately. If the selector doesn't appear after the `timeout` milliseconds of waiting, the function will throw.
.then(() => console.log('First URL with image: ' + currentURL));
for (currentURL of ['https://example.com', 'https://google.com', 'https://bbc.com']) {
await page.goto(currentURL);
}
await browser.close();
})();
```
#### frame.waitForXPath(xpath[, options])
-`xpath`<[string]> A [xpath] of an element to wait for
-`options`<[Object]> Optional waiting parameters
-`timeout`<[number]> maximum time to wait for in milliseconds. Defaults to `30000` (30 seconds). Pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) method.
- returns: <[Promise]<?[ElementHandle]>> Promise which resolves when element specified by xpath string is added to DOM. Resolves to `null` if waiting for `hidden: true` and xpath is not found in DOM.
Wait for the `xpath` to appear in page. If at the moment of calling
the method the `xpath` already exists, the method will return
immediately. If the xpath doesn't appear after the `timeout` milliseconds of waiting, the function will throw.
-`pageFunction`<[function]|[string]> Function to be evaluated in `executionContext`
-`...args`<...[Serializable]|[JSHandle]> Arguments to pass to `pageFunction`
- returns: <[Promise]<[Serializable]>> Promise which resolves to the return value of `pageFunction`
If the function passed to the `executionContext.evaluate` returns a [Promise], then `executionContext.evaluate` would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
If the function passed to the `executionContext.evaluate` returns a non-[Serializable] value, then `executionContext.evaluate` resolves to `undefined`. DevTools Protocol also supports transferring some additional values that are not serializable by `JSON`: `-0`, `NaN`, `Infinity`, `-Infinity`, and bigint literals.
-`pageFunction`<[function]|[string]> Function to be evaluated in the `executionContext`
-`...args`<...[Serializable]|[JSHandle]> Arguments to pass to `pageFunction`
- returns: <[Promise]<[JSHandle]>> Promise which resolves to the return value of `pageFunction` as in-page object (JSHandle)
The only difference between `executionContext.evaluate` and `executionContext.evaluateHandle` is that `executionContext.evaluateHandle` returns in-page object (JSHandle).
If the function passed to the `executionContext.evaluateHandle` returns a [Promise], then `executionContext.evaluateHandle` would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
console.log(await resultHandle.jsonValue()); // prints body's innerHTML
await aHandle.dispose();
await resultHandle.dispose();
```
#### executionContext.frame()
- returns: <?[Frame]> Frame associated with this execution context.
> **NOTE** Not every execution context is associated with a frame. For example, workers and extensions have execution contexts that are not associated with frames.
-`errorCode`<[string]> Optional error code. Defaults to `failed`, could be
one of the following:
-`aborted` - An operation was aborted (due to user action)
-`accessdenied` - Permission to access a resource, other than the network, was denied
-`addressunreachable` - The IP address is unreachable. This usually means
that there is no route to the specified host or network.
-`blockedbyclient` - The client chose to block the request.
-`blockedbyresponse` - The request failed because the response was delivered along with requirements which are not met ('X-Frame-Options' and 'Content-Security-Policy' ancestor checks, for instance).
-`connectionaborted` - A connection timed out as a result of not receiving an ACK for data sent.
-`connectionclosed` - A connection was closed (corresponding to a TCP FIN).
-`connectionfailed` - A connection attempt failed.
-`connectionrefused` - A connection attempt was refused.
-`connectionreset` - A connection was reset (corresponding to a TCP RST).
-`internetdisconnected` - The Internet connection has been lost.
-`namenotresolved` - The host name could not be resolved.
-`timedout` - An operation timed out.
-`failed` - A generic failure occurred.
- returns: <[Promise]>
Aborts request. To use this, request interception should be enabled with `page.interception.enable()`.
Exception is immediately thrown if the request interception is not enabled.
-`overrides`<[Object]> Optional request overwrites, which can be one of the following:
-`url`<[string]> If set, the request url will be changed. This is not a redirect. The request will be silently forwarded to the new url. For example, the address bar will show the original url.
-`method`<[string]> If set changes the request method (e.g. `GET` or `POST`)
-`postData`<[string]> If set changes the post data of request
-`headers`<[Object]> If set changes the request HTTP headers. Header values will be converted to a string.
- returns: <[Promise]>
Continues request with optional request overrides. To use this, request interception should be enabled with `page.interception.enable()`.
Exception is immediately thrown if the request interception is not enabled.
JSHandle represents an in-page JavaScript object. JSHandles can be created with the [page.evaluateHandle](#pageevaluatehandlepagefunction-args) method.
JSHandle prevents the referenced JavaScript object being garbage collected unless the handle is [disposed](#jshandledispose). JSHandles are auto-disposed when their origin frame gets navigated or the parent context gets destroyed.
JSHandle instances can be used as arguments in [`page.$eval()`](#pageevalselector-pagefunction-args), [`page.evaluate()`](#pageevaluatepagefunction-args) and [`page.evaluateHandle`](#pageevaluatehandlepagefunction-args) methods.
#### jsHandle.asElement()
- returns: <?[ElementHandle]>
Returns either `null` or the object handle itself, if the object handle is an instance of [ElementHandle].
#### jsHandle.dispose()
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the object handle is successfully disposed.
The `jsHandle.dispose` method stops referencing the element handle.
#### jsHandle.evaluate(pageFunction[, ...args])
-`pageFunction`<[function]\([Object]\)> Function to be evaluated in browser context
-`...args`<...[Serializable]|[JSHandle]> Arguments to pass to `pageFunction`
- returns: <[Promise]<[Serializable]>> Promise which resolves to the return value of `pageFunction`
This method passes this handle as the first argument to `pageFunction`.
If `pageFunction` returns a [Promise], then `handle.evaluate` would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
-`pageFunction`<[function]|[string]> Function to be evaluated
-`...args`<...[Serializable]|[JSHandle]> Arguments to pass to `pageFunction`
- returns: <[Promise]<[JSHandle]>> Promise which resolves to the return value of `pageFunction` as in-page object (JSHandle)
This method passes this handle as the first argument to `pageFunction`.
The only difference between `jsHandle.evaluate` and `jsHandle.evaluateHandle` is that `executionContext.evaluateHandle` returns in-page object (JSHandle).
If the function passed to the `jsHandle.evaluateHandle` returns a [Promise], then `jsHandle.evaluateHandle` would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
See [Page.evaluateHandle](#pageevaluatehandlepagefunction-args) for more details.
> **NOTE** The method will return an empty JSON object if the referenced object is not stringifiable. It will throw an error if the object has circular references.
### class: ElementHandle
* extends: [JSHandle]
ElementHandle represents an in-page DOM element. ElementHandles can be created with the [page.$](#pageselector) method.
ElementHandle prevents DOM element from garbage collection unless the handle is [disposed](#elementhandledispose). ElementHandles are auto-disposed when their origin frame gets navigated.
ElementHandle instances can be used as arguments in [`page.$eval()`](#pageevalselector-pagefunction-args) and [`page.evaluate()`](#pageevaluatepagefunction-args) methods.
-`pageFunction`<[function]\([Array]<[Element]>\)> Function to be evaluated in browser context
-`...args`<...[Serializable]|[JSHandle]> Arguments to pass to `pageFunction`
- returns: <[Promise]<[Serializable]>> Promise which resolves to the return value of `pageFunction`
This method runs `document.querySelectorAll` within the element and passes it as the first argument to `pageFunction`. If there's no element matching `selector`, the method throws an error.
If `pageFunction` returns a [Promise], then `frame.$$eval` would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
-`pageFunction`<[function]\([Element]\)> Function to be evaluated in browser context
-`...args`<...[Serializable]|[JSHandle]> Arguments to pass to `pageFunction`
- returns: <[Promise]<[Serializable]>> Promise which resolves to the return value of `pageFunction`
This method runs `document.querySelector` within the element and passes it as the first argument to `pageFunction`. If there's no element matching `selector`, the method throws an error.
If `pageFunction` returns a [Promise], then `frame.$eval` would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
-`expression`<[string]> Expression to [evaluate](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/evaluate).
- returns: <[Promise]<[Array]<[ElementHandle]>>>
The method evaluates the XPath expression relative to the elementHandle. If there are no such elements, the method will resolve to an empty array.
#### elementHandle.asElement()
- returns: <[ElementHandle]>
#### elementHandle.boundingBox()
- returns: <[Promise]<?[Object]>>
- x <[number]> the x coordinate of the element in pixels.
- y <[number]> the y coordinate of the element in pixels.
- width <[number]> the width of the element in pixels.
- height <[number]> the height of the element in pixels.
This method returns the bounding box of the element (relative to the main frame), or `null` if the element is not visible.
#### elementHandle.click([options])
-`options`<[Object]>
-`button`<"left"|"right"|"middle"> Defaults to `left`.
-`clickCount`<[number]> defaults to 1. See [UIEvent.detail].
-`delay`<[number]> Time to wait between `mousedown` and `mouseup` in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.
-`relativePoint`<[Object]> A point to click relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, clicks to some visible point of the element.
- x <[number]>
- y <[number]>
-`modifiers`<[Array]<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the click, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element is successfully clicked. Promise gets rejected if the element is detached from DOM.
This method scrolls element into view if needed, and then uses [page.mouse](#pagemouse) to click in the center of the element.
If the element is detached from DOM, the method throws an error.
#### elementHandle.contentFrame()
- returns: <[Promise]<?[Frame]>> Resolves to the content frame for element handles referencing iframe nodes, or null otherwise
#### elementHandle.dblclick([options])
-`options`<[Object]>
-`button`<"left"|"right"|"middle"> Defaults to `left`.
-`delay`<[number]> Time to wait between `mousedown` and `mouseup` in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.
-`relativePoint`<[Object]> A point to double click relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, double clicks to some visible point of the element.
- x <[number]>
- y <[number]>
-`modifiers`<[Array]<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the double click, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element is successfully double clicked. Promise gets rejected if the element is detached from DOM.
This method scrolls element into view if needed, and then uses [page.mouse](#pagemouse) to click in the center of the element.
If the element is detached from DOM, the method throws an error.
Bear in mind that if the first click of the `dblclick()` triggers a navigation event, there will be an exception.
> **NOTE** `elementHandle.dblclick()` dispatches two `click` events and a single `dblclick` event.
#### elementHandle.dispose()
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element handle is successfully disposed.
The `elementHandle.dispose` method stops referencing the element handle.
-`pageFunction`<[function]|[string]> Function to be evaluated
-`...args`<...[Serializable]|[JSHandle]> Arguments to pass to `pageFunction`
- returns: <[Promise]<[JSHandle]>> Promise which resolves to the return value of `pageFunction` as in-page object (JSHandle)
This method passes this handle as the first argument to `pageFunction`.
The only difference between `evaluateHandle.evaluate` and `evaluateHandle.evaluateHandle` is that `executionContext.evaluateHandle` returns in-page object (JSHandle).
If the function passed to the `evaluateHandle.evaluateHandle` returns a [Promise], then `evaluateHandle.evaluateHandle` would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
See [Page.evaluateHandle](#pageevaluatehandlepagefunction-args) for more details.
#### elementHandle.executionContext()
- returns: <[ExecutionContext]>
#### elementHandle.fill(value)
-`value`<[string]> Value to set for the `<input>`, `<textarea>` or `[contenteditable]` element.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element is successfully filled.
This method focuses the element and triggers an `input` event after filling.
If element is not a text `<input>`, `<textarea>` or `[contenteditable]` element, the method throws an error.
#### elementHandle.focus()
- returns: <[Promise]>
Calls [focus](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLElement/focus) on the element.
children; // holds elementHandles to all children of document.body
```
#### elementHandle.getProperty(propertyName)
-`propertyName`<[string]> property to get
- returns: <[Promise]<[JSHandle]>>
Fetches a single property from the objectHandle.
#### elementHandle.hover([options])
-`options`<[Object]>
-`relativePoint`<[Object]> A point to hover relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, hovers over some visible point of the element.
- x <[number]>
- y <[number]>
-`modifiers`<[Array]<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the hover, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element is successfully hovered.
This method scrolls element into view if needed, and then uses [page.mouse](#pagemouse) to hover over the center of the element.
If the element is detached from DOM, the method throws an error.
#### elementHandle.isIntersectingViewport()
- returns: <[Promise]<[boolean]>> Resolves to true if the element is visible in the current viewport.
#### elementHandle.jsonValue()
- returns: <[Promise]<[Object]>>
Returns a JSON representation of the object. The JSON is generated by running [`JSON.stringify`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/JSON/stringify) on the object in page and consequent [`JSON.parse`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/JSON/parse) in playwright.
> **NOTE** The method will throw if the referenced object is not stringifiable.
#### elementHandle.press(key[, options])
-`key`<[string]> Name of key to press, such as `ArrowLeft`. See [USKeyboardLayout] for a list of all key names.
-`options`<[Object]>
-`text`<[string]> If specified, generates an input event with this text.
-`delay`<[number]> Time to wait between `keydown` and `keyup` in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.
- returns: <[Promise]>
Focuses the element, and then uses [`keyboard.down`](#keyboarddownkey-options) and [`keyboard.up`](#keyboardupkey).
If `key` is a single character and no modifier keys besides `Shift` are being held down, a `keypress`/`input` event will also be generated. The `text` option can be specified to force an input event to be generated.
> **NOTE** Modifier keys DO effect `elementHandle.press`. Holding down `Shift` will type the text in upper case.
-`path`<[string]> The file path to save the image to. The screenshot type will be inferred from file extension. If `path` is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd). If no path is provided, the image won't be saved to the disk.
-`type`<"png"|"jpeg"> Specify screenshot type, defaults to 'png'.
-`quality`<[number]> The quality of the image, between 0-100. Not applicable to `png` images.
-`omitBackground`<[boolean]> Hides default white background and allows capturing screenshots with transparency. Defaults to `false`.
-`...values`<...[string]|[ElementHandle]|[Object]> Options to select. If the `<select>` has the `multiple` attribute, all matching options are selected, otherwise only the first option matching one of the passed options is selected. String values are equivalent to `{value:'string'}`. Option is considered matching if all specified properties match.
-`...files`<...[string]|[Object]> Sets the value of the file input to these file paths or files. If some of the `filePaths` are relative paths, then they are resolved relative to the [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd).
-`name`<[string]> <[File]> name
-`type`<[string]> <[File]> type
-`data`<[string]> Base64-encoded data
- returns: <[Promise]>
This method expects `elementHandle` to point to an [input element](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input).
-`button`<"left"|"right"|"middle"> Defaults to `left`.
-`delay`<[number]> Time to wait between `mousedown` and `mouseup` in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.
-`relativePoint`<[Object]> A point to triple click relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, triple clicks to some visible point of the element.
- x <[number]>
- y <[number]>
-`modifiers`<[Array]<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the triple click, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element is successfully triple clicked. Promise gets rejected if the element is detached from DOM.
This method scrolls element into view if needed, and then uses [page.mouse](#pagemouse) to click in the center of the element.
If the element is detached from DOM, the method throws an error.
Bear in mind that if the first or second click of the `tripleclick()` triggers a navigation event, there will be an exception.
> **NOTE** `elementHandle.tripleclick()` dispatches three `click` events and a single `dblclick` event.
#### elementHandle.type(text[, options])
-`text`<[string]> A text to type into a focused element.
-`options`<[Object]>
-`delay`<[number]> Time to wait between key presses in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.
- returns: <[Promise]>
Focuses the element, and then sends a `keydown`, `keypress`/`input`, and `keyup` event for each character in the text.
To press a special key, like `Control` or `ArrowDown`, use [`elementHandle.press`](#elementhandlepresskey-options).
await elementHandle.type('World', {delay: 100}); // Types slower, like a user
```
An example of typing into a text field and then submitting the form:
```js
const elementHandle = await page.$('input');
await elementHandle.type('some text');
await elementHandle.press('Enter');
```
### class: Request
Whenever the page sends a request, such as for a network resource, the following events are emitted by playwright's page:
- [`'request'`](#event-request) emitted when the request is issued by the page.
- [`'response'`](#event-response) emitted when/if the response is received for the request.
- [`'requestfinished'`](#event-requestfinished) emitted when the response body is downloaded and the request is complete.
If request fails at some point, then instead of `'requestfinished'` event (and possibly instead of 'response' event), the [`'requestfailed'`](#event-requestfailed) event is emitted.
> **NOTE** HTTP Error responses, such as 404 or 503, are still successful responses from HTTP standpoint, so request will complete with `'requestfinished'` event.
If request gets a 'redirect' response, the request is successfully finished with the 'requestfinished' event, and a new request is issued to a redirected url.
#### request.failure()
- returns: <?[Object]> Object describing request failure, if any
-`errorText`<[string]> Human-readable error message, e.g. `'net::ERR_FAILED'`.
The method returns `null` unless this request was failed, as reported by
Contains the request's resource type as it was perceived by the rendering engine.
ResourceType will be one of the following: `document`, `stylesheet`, `image`, `media`, `font`, `script`, `texttrack`, `xhr`, `fetch`, `eventsource`, `websocket`, `manifest`, `other`.
#### request.response()
- returns: <?[Response]> A matching [Response] object, or `null` if the response has not been received yet.
#### request.url()
- returns: <[string]> URL of the request.
### class: Response
[Response] class represents responses which are received by page.
#### response.buffer()
- returns: <Promise<[Buffer]>> Promise which resolves to a buffer with response body.
#### response.frame()
- returns: <?[Frame]> A [Frame] that initiated this response, or `null` if navigating to error pages.
#### response.headers()
- returns: <[Object]> An object with HTTP headers associated with the response. All header names are lower-case.
#### response.json()
- returns: <Promise<[Object]>> Promise which resolves to a JSON representation of response body.
This method will throw if the response body is not parsable via `JSON.parse`.
#### response.ok()
- returns: <[boolean]>
Contains a boolean stating whether the response was successful (status in the range 200-299) or not.
#### response.remoteAddress()
- returns: <[Object]>
-`ip`<[string]> the IP address of the remote server
-`port`<[number]> the port used to connect to the remote server
#### response.request()
- returns: <[Request]> A matching [Request] object.
#### response.status()
- returns: <[number]>
Contains the status code of the response (e.g., 200 for a success).
#### response.statusText()
- returns: <[string]>
Contains the status text of the response (e.g. usually an "OK" for a success).
#### response.text()
- returns: <[Promise]<[string]>> Promise which resolves to a text representation of response body.
Identifies what kind of target this is. Can be `"page"`, [`"background_page"`](https://developer.chrome.com/extensions/background_pages), `"service_worker"`, `"shared_worker"`, `"browser"` or `"other"`.
_To output coverage in a form consumable by [Istanbul](https://github.com/istanbuljs),
see [playwright-to-istanbul](https://github.com/istanbuljs/playwright-to-istanbul)._
#### coverage.startCSSCoverage([options])
-`options`<[Object]> Set of configurable options for coverage
-`resetOnNavigation`<[boolean]> Whether to reset coverage on every navigation. Defaults to `true`.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise that resolves when coverage is started
#### coverage.startJSCoverage([options])
-`options`<[Object]> Set of configurable options for coverage
-`resetOnNavigation`<[boolean]> Whether to reset coverage on every navigation. Defaults to `true`.
-`reportAnonymousScripts`<[boolean]> Whether anonymous scripts generated by the page should be reported. Defaults to `false`.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise that resolves when coverage is started
> **NOTE** Anonymous scripts are ones that don't have an associated url. These are scripts that are dynamically created on the page using `eval` or `new Function`. If `reportAnonymousScripts` is set to `true`, anonymous scripts will have `__playwright_evaluation_script__` as their URL.
#### coverage.stopCSSCoverage()
- returns: <[Promise]<[Array]<[Object]>>> Promise that resolves to the array of coverage reports for all stylesheets
-`url`<[string]> StyleSheet URL
-`text`<[string]> StyleSheet content
-`ranges`<[Array]<[Object]>> StyleSheet ranges that were used. Ranges are sorted and non-overlapping.
-`start`<[number]> A start offset in text, inclusive
-`end`<[number]> An end offset in text, exclusive
> **NOTE** CSS Coverage doesn't include dynamically injected style tags without sourceURLs.
#### coverage.stopJSCoverage()
- returns: <[Promise]<[Array]<[Object]>>> Promise that resolves to the array of coverage reports for all scripts
-`url`<[string]> Script URL
-`text`<[string]> Script content
-`ranges`<[Array]<[Object]>> Script ranges that were executed. Ranges are sorted and non-overlapping.
-`start`<[number]> A start offset in text, inclusive
-`end`<[number]> An end offset in text, exclusive
> **NOTE** JavaScript Coverage doesn't include anonymous scripts by default. However, scripts with sourceURLs are
reported.
### class: TimeoutError
* extends: [Error]
TimeoutError is emitted whenever certain operations are terminated due to timeout, e.g. [page.waitForSelector(selector[, options])](#pagewaitforselectorselector-options) or [playwright.launch([options])](#playwrightlaunchoptions).
Selector describes an element in the page. It can be used to obtain `ElementHandle` (see [page.$()](#pageselector) for example) or shortcut element operations to avoid intermediate handle (see [page.click()](#pageclickselector-options) for example).
All methods accepting selector also accept a string shorthand which is equivalent to `{selector: 'string'}`.
#### selector.selector
- returns: <[string]> Selector in the following format: `engine=body [>> engine=body]*`. Here `engine` is one of the supported selector engines (currently, either `css` or `xpath`), and `body` is a selector body in the format of the particular engine. When multiple `engine=body` clauses are present (separated by `>>`), next one is queried relative to the previous one's result.
For convenience, selectors in the wrong format are heuristically converted to the right format:
- selector starting with `//` is assumed to be `xpath=selector`;
- returns: "visible"|"hidden"|"any"> Defaults to `visible`. Optional visibility to check for. If `visible` or `undefined`, only visible elements match. If `hidden`, only non-visible elements match. If `any`, all elements match.
Note that elements are first queried by `selector`, and only after that are checked for visiblity. In particular, [page.$()](#pageselector) will not skip to the first visible element, but instead return `null` if the first matching element is not visible.
Element is defined visible if it does not have `visibility: hidden` CSS property and it's bounding box is not empty.
```js
// queries 'div', and only returns it when visible
