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docs(java): api testing guide (#11185)
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Yury Semikhatsky
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docs/src/api-testing-java.md
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docs/src/api-testing-java.md
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---
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id: api-testing
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title: "API testing"
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---
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Playwright can be used to get access to the [REST](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_state_transfer) API of
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your application.
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Sometimes you may want to send requests to the server directly from Node.js without loading a page and running js code in it.
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A few examples where it may come in handy:
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- Test your server API.
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- Prepare server side state before visiting the web application in a test.
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- Validate server side post-conditions after running some actions in the browser.
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All of that could be achieved via [APIRequestContext] methods.
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<!-- TOC -->
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## Writing API Test
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[APIRequestContext] can send all kinds of HTTP(S) requests over network.
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The following example demonstrates how to use Playwright to test issues creation via [GitHub API](https://docs.github.com/en/rest). The test suite will do the following:
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- Create a new repository before running tests.
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- Create a few issues and validate server state.
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- Delete the repository after running tests.
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### Configure
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GitHub API requires authorization, so we'll configure the token once for all tests. While at it, we'll also set the `baseURL` to simplify the tests.
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```java
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package org.example;
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import com.microsoft.playwright.APIRequest;
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import com.microsoft.playwright.APIRequestContext;
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import com.microsoft.playwright.Playwright;
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import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
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import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
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import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestInstance;
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import java.util.HashMap;
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import java.util.Map;
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@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
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public class TestGitHubAPI {
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private static final String API_TOKEN = System.getenv("GITHUB_API_TOKEN");
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private Playwright playwright;
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private APIRequestContext request;
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void createPlaywright() {
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playwright = Playwright.create();
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}
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void createAPIRequestContext() {
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Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap<>();
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// We set this header per GitHub guidelines.
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headers.put("Accept", "application/vnd.github.v3+json");
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// Add authorization token to all requests.
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// Assuming personal access token available in the environment.
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headers.put("Authorization", "token " + API_TOKEN);
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request = playwright.request().newContext(new APIRequest.NewContextOptions()
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// All requests we send go to this API endpoint.
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.setBaseURL("https://api.github.com")
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.setExtraHTTPHeaders(headers));
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}
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@BeforeAll
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void beforeAll() {
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createPlaywright();
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createAPIRequestContext();
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}
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void disposeAPIRequestContext() {
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if (request != null) {
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request.dispose();
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request = null;
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}
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}
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void closePlaywright() {
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if (playwright != null) {
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playwright.close();
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playwright = null;
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}
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}
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@AfterAll
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void afterAll() {
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disposeAPIRequestContext();
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closePlaywright();
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}
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}
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```
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### Write tests
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Now that we initialized request object we can add a few tests that will create new issues in the repository.
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```java
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package org.example;
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import com.google.gson.Gson;
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import com.google.gson.JsonArray;
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import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
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import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
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import com.microsoft.playwright.APIRequest;
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import com.microsoft.playwright.APIRequestContext;
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import com.microsoft.playwright.APIResponse;
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import com.microsoft.playwright.Playwright;
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import com.microsoft.playwright.options.RequestOptions;
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import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
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import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
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import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
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import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestInstance;
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import java.util.Collections;
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import java.util.HashMap;
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import java.util.Map;
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import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
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@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
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public class TestGitHubAPI {
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private static final String REPO = "test-repo-2";
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private static final String USER = System.getenv("GITHUB_USER");
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private static final String API_TOKEN = System.getenv("GITHUB_API_TOKEN");
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private Playwright playwright;
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private APIRequestContext request;
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// ...
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@Test
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void shouldCreateBugReport() {
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Map<String, String> data = new HashMap<>();
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data.put("title", "[Bug] report 1");
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data.put("body", "Bug description");
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APIResponse newIssue = request.post("/repos/" + USER + "/" + REPO + "/issues",
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RequestOptions.create().setData(data));
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assertTrue(newIssue.ok());
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APIResponse issues = request.get("/repos/" + USER + "/" + REPO + "/issues");
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assertTrue(issues.ok());
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JsonArray json = new Gson().fromJson(issues.text(), JsonArray.class);
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JsonObject issue = null;
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for (JsonElement item : json) {
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JsonObject itemObj = item.getAsJsonObject();
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if (!itemObj.has("title")) {
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continue;
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}
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if ("[Bug] report 1".equals(itemObj.get("title").getAsString())) {
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issue = itemObj;
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break;
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}
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}
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assertNotNull(issue);
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assertEquals("Bug description", issue.get("body").getAsString(), issue.toString());
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}
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@Test
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void shouldCreateFeatureRequest() {
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Map<String, String> data = new HashMap<>();
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data.put("title", "[Feature] request 1");
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data.put("body", "Feature description");
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APIResponse newIssue = request.post("/repos/" + USER + "/" + REPO + "/issues",
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RequestOptions.create().setData(data));
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assertTrue(newIssue.ok());
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APIResponse issues = request.get("/repos/" + USER + "/" + REPO + "/issues");
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assertTrue(issues.ok());
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JsonArray json = new Gson().fromJson(issues.text(), JsonArray.class);
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JsonObject issue = null;
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for (JsonElement item : json) {
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JsonObject itemObj = item.getAsJsonObject();
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if (!itemObj.has("title")) {
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continue;
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}
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if ("[Feature] request 1".equals(itemObj.get("title").getAsString())) {
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issue = itemObj;
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break;
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}
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}
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assertNotNull(issue);
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assertEquals("Feature description", issue.get("body").getAsString(), issue.toString());
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}
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}
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```
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### Setup and teardown
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These tests assume that repository exists. You probably want to create a new one before running tests and delete it afterwards. Use `@BeforeAll` and `@AfterAll` hooks for that.
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```java
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// ...
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void createTestRepository() {
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APIResponse newRepo = request.post("/user/repos",
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RequestOptions.create().setData(Collections.singletonMap("name", REPO)));
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assertTrue(newRepo.ok(), newRepo.text());
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}
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@BeforeAll
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void beforeAll() {
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createPlaywright();
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createAPIRequestContext();
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createTestRepository();
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}
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void deleteTestRepository() {
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if (request != null) {
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APIResponse deletedRepo = request.delete("/repos/" + USER + "/" + REPO);
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assertTrue(deletedRepo.ok());
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}
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}
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// ...
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@AfterAll
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void afterAll() {
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deleteTestRepository();
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disposeAPIRequestContext();
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closePlaywright();
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}
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```
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### Complete test example
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Here is the complete example of an API test:
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```java
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package org.example;
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import com.google.gson.Gson;
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import com.google.gson.JsonArray;
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import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
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import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
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import com.microsoft.playwright.APIRequest;
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import com.microsoft.playwright.APIRequestContext;
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import com.microsoft.playwright.APIResponse;
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import com.microsoft.playwright.Playwright;
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import com.microsoft.playwright.options.RequestOptions;
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import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;
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import java.util.Collections;
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import java.util.HashMap;
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import java.util.Map;
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import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
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@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
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public class TestGitHubAPI {
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private static final String REPO = "test-repo-2";
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private static final String USER = System.getenv("GITHUB_USER");
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private static final String API_TOKEN = System.getenv("GITHUB_API_TOKEN");
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private Playwright playwright;
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private APIRequestContext request;
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void createPlaywright() {
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playwright = Playwright.create();
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}
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void createAPIRequestContext() {
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Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap<>();
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// We set this header per GitHub guidelines.
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headers.put("Accept", "application/vnd.github.v3+json");
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// Add authorization token to all requests.
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// Assuming personal access token available in the environment.
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headers.put("Authorization", "token " + API_TOKEN);
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request = playwright.request().newContext(new APIRequest.NewContextOptions()
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// All requests we send go to this API endpoint.
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.setBaseURL("https://api.github.com")
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.setExtraHTTPHeaders(headers));
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}
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void createTestRepository() {
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APIResponse newRepo = request.post("/user/repos",
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RequestOptions.create().setData(Collections.singletonMap("name", REPO)));
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assertTrue(newRepo.ok(), newRepo.text());
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}
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@BeforeAll
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void beforeAll() {
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createPlaywright();
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createAPIRequestContext();
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createTestRepository();
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}
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void deleteTestRepository() {
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if (request != null) {
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APIResponse deletedRepo = request.delete("/repos/" + USER + "/" + REPO);
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assertTrue(deletedRepo.ok());
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}
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}
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void disposeAPIRequestContext() {
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if (request != null) {
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request.dispose();
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request = null;
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}
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}
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void closePlaywright() {
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if (playwright != null) {
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playwright.close();
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playwright = null;
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}
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}
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@AfterAll
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void afterAll() {
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deleteTestRepository();
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disposeAPIRequestContext();
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closePlaywright();
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}
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@Test
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void shouldCreateBugReport() {
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Map<String, String> data = new HashMap<>();
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data.put("title", "[Bug] report 1");
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data.put("body", "Bug description");
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APIResponse newIssue = request.post("/repos/" + USER + "/" + REPO + "/issues",
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RequestOptions.create().setData(data));
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assertTrue(newIssue.ok());
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APIResponse issues = request.get("/repos/" + USER + "/" + REPO + "/issues");
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assertTrue(issues.ok());
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JsonArray json = new Gson().fromJson(issues.text(), JsonArray.class);
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JsonObject issue = null;
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for (JsonElement item : json) {
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JsonObject itemObj = item.getAsJsonObject();
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if (!itemObj.has("title")) {
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continue;
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}
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if ("[Bug] report 1".equals(itemObj.get("title").getAsString())) {
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issue = itemObj;
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break;
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}
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}
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assertNotNull(issue);
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assertEquals("Bug description", issue.get("body").getAsString(), issue.toString());
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}
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@Test
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void shouldCreateFeatureRequest() {
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Map<String, String> data = new HashMap<>();
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data.put("title", "[Feature] request 1");
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data.put("body", "Feature description");
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APIResponse newIssue = request.post("/repos/" + USER + "/" + REPO + "/issues",
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RequestOptions.create().setData(data));
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assertTrue(newIssue.ok());
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APIResponse issues = request.get("/repos/" + USER + "/" + REPO + "/issues");
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assertTrue(issues.ok());
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JsonArray json = new Gson().fromJson(issues.text(), JsonArray.class);
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JsonObject issue = null;
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for (JsonElement item : json) {
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JsonObject itemObj = item.getAsJsonObject();
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if (!itemObj.has("title")) {
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continue;
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}
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if ("[Feature] request 1".equals(itemObj.get("title").getAsString())) {
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issue = itemObj;
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break;
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}
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}
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assertNotNull(issue);
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assertEquals("Feature description", issue.get("body").getAsString(), issue.toString());
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}
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}
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```
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## Prepare server state via API calls
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The following test creates a new issue via API and then navigates to the list of all issues in the
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project to check that it appears at the top of the list. The check is performed using [LocatorAssertions].
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```java
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@Test
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void lastCreatedIssueShouldBeFirstInTheList() {
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Map<String, String> data = new HashMap<>();
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data.put("title", "[Feature] request 1");
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data.put("body", "Feature description");
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APIResponse newIssue = request.post("/repos/" + USER + "/" + REPO + "/issues",
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RequestOptions.create().setData(data));
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assertTrue(newIssue.ok());
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page.navigate("https://github.com/" + USER + "/" + REPO + "/issues");
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Locator firstIssue = page.locator("a[data-hovercard-type='issue']").first();
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assertThat(firstIssue).hasText("[Feature] request 1");
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}
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```
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## Check the server state after running user actions
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The following test creates a new issue via user interface in the browser and then checks via API if
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it was created:
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```java
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@Test
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void lastCreatedIssueShouldBeOnTheServer() {
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page.navigate("https://github.com/" + USER + "/" + REPO + "/issues");
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page.click("text=New Issue");
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page.fill("[aria-label='Title']", "Bug report 1");
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page.fill("[aria-label='Comment body']", "Bug description");
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page.click("text=Submit new issue");
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String issueId = page.url().substring(page.url().lastIndexOf('/'));
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APIResponse newIssue = request.get("https://github.com/" + USER + "/" + REPO + "/issues/" + issueId);
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assertThat(newIssue).isOK();
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assertTrue(newIssue.text().contains("Bug report 1"));
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}
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```
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## Reuse authentication state
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Web apps use cookie-based or token-based authentication, where authenticated
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state is stored as [cookies](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Cookies).
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Playwright provides [`method: APIRequestContext.storageState`] method that can be used to
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retrieve storage state from an authenticated context and then create new contexts with that state.
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Storage state is interchangeable between [BrowserContext] and [APIRequestContext]. You can
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use it to log in via API calls and then create a new context with cookies already there.
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The following code snippet retrieves state from an authenticated [APIRequestContext] and
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creates a new [BrowserContext] with that state.
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```java
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APIRequestContext requestContext = playwright.request().newContext(
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new APIRequest.NewContextOptions().setHttpCredentials("user", "passwd"));
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requestContext.get("https://api.example.com/login");
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// Save storage state into a variable.
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String state = requestContext.storageState();
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// Create a new context with the saved storage state.
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BrowserContext context = browser.newContext(new Browser.NewContextOptions().setStorageState(state));
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```
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