204 KiB
Playwright API Tip-Of-Tree
- API Translations: 中文|Chinese
- Troubleshooting: troubleshooting.md
Table of Contents
- Overview
- playwright vs playwright-core
- Environment Variables
- Working with Chrome Extensions
- class: Playwright
- class: BrowserFetcher
- class: Browser
- event: 'disconnected'
- event: 'targetchanged'
- event: 'targetcreated'
- event: 'targetdestroyed'
- browser.browserContexts()
- browser.close()
- browser.createIncognitoBrowserContext()
- browser.defaultBrowserContext()
- browser.disconnect()
- browser.isConnected()
- browser.newPage()
- browser.pages()
- browser.process()
- browser.target()
- browser.targets()
- browser.userAgent()
- browser.version()
- browser.waitForTarget(predicate[, options])
- browser.wsEndpoint()
- class: BrowserContext
- event: 'targetchanged'
- event: 'targetcreated'
- event: 'targetdestroyed'
- browserContext.browser()
- browserContext.clearPermissionOverrides()
- browserContext.close()
- browserContext.isIncognito()
- browserContext.newPage()
- browserContext.overridePermissions(origin, permissions)
- browserContext.pages()
- browserContext.targets()
- browserContext.waitForTarget(predicate[, options])
- class: Page
- event: 'close'
- event: 'console'
- event: 'dialog'
- event: 'domcontentloaded'
- event: 'error'
- event: 'frameattached'
- event: 'framedetached'
- event: 'framenavigated'
- event: 'load'
- event: 'metrics'
- event: 'pageerror'
- event: 'popup'
- event: 'request'
- event: 'requestfailed'
- event: 'requestfinished'
- event: 'response'
- event: 'workercreated'
- event: 'workerdestroyed'
- page.$(selector)
- page.$$(selector)
- page.$$eval(selector, pageFunction[, ...args])
- page.$eval(selector, pageFunction[, ...args])
- page.$x(expression)
- page.accessibility
- page.addScriptTag(options)
- page.addStyleTag(options)
- page.authenticate(credentials)
- page.bringToFront()
- page.browser()
- page.browserContext()
- page.click(selector[, options])
- page.close([options])
- page.content()
- page.cookies([...urls])
- page.coverage
- page.dblclick(selector[, options])
- page.deleteCookie(...cookies)
- page.emulate(options)
- page.emulateMedia(type)
- page.emulateMediaFeatures(features)
- page.emulateMediaType(type)
- page.emulateTimezone(timezoneId)
- page.evaluate(pageFunction[, ...args])
- page.evaluateHandle(pageFunction[, ...args])
- page.evaluateOnNewDocument(pageFunction[, ...args])
- page.exposeFunction(name, playwrightFunction)
- page.fill(selector, value)
- page.focus(selector)
- page.frames()
- page.goBack([options])
- page.goForward([options])
- page.goto(url[, options])
- page.hover(selector[, options])
- page.isClosed()
- page.keyboard
- page.mainFrame()
- page.metrics()
- page.mouse
- page.pdf
- page.queryObjects(prototypeHandle)
- page.reload([options])
- page.screenshot([options])
- page.select(selector, ...values)
- page.setBypassCSP(enabled)
- page.setCacheEnabled([enabled])
- page.setContent(html[, options])
- page.setCookie(...cookies)
- page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)
- page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)
- page.setExtraHTTPHeaders(headers)
- page.setGeolocation(options)
- page.setJavaScriptEnabled(enabled)
- page.setOfflineMode(enabled)
- page.setRequestInterception(value)
- page.setUserAgent(userAgent)
- page.setViewport(viewport)
- page.tap(selector[, options])
- page.target()
- page.title()
- page.touchscreen
- page.tracing
- page.tripleclick(selector[, options])
- page.type(selector, text[, options])
- page.url()
- page.viewport()
- page.waitFor(selectorOrFunctionOrTimeout[, options[, ...args]])
- page.waitForFileChooser([options])
- page.waitForFunction(pageFunction[, options[, ...args]])
- page.waitForNavigation([options])
- page.waitForRequest(urlOrPredicate[, options])
- page.waitForResponse(urlOrPredicate[, options])
- page.waitForSelector(selector[, options])
- page.waitForXPath(xpath[, options])
- page.workers()
- class: Worker
- class: Accessibility
- class: Keyboard
- class: Mouse
- class: PDF
- class: Touchscreen
- class: Tracing
- class: FileChooser
- class: Dialog
- class: ConsoleMessage
- class: Frame
- frame.$(selector)
- frame.$$(selector)
- frame.$$eval(selector, pageFunction[, ...args])
- frame.$eval(selector, pageFunction[, ...args])
- frame.$x(expression)
- frame.addScriptTag(options)
- frame.addStyleTag(options)
- frame.childFrames()
- frame.click(selector[, options])
- frame.content()
- frame.dblclick(selector[, options])
- frame.evaluate(pageFunction[, ...args])
- frame.evaluateHandle(pageFunction[, ...args])
- frame.executionContext()
- frame.fill(selector, value)
- frame.focus(selector)
- frame.goto(url[, options])
- frame.hover(selector[, options])
- frame.isDetached()
- frame.name()
- frame.parentFrame()
- frame.select(selector, ...values)
- frame.setContent(html[, options])
- frame.tap(selector[, options])
- frame.title()
- frame.tripleclick(selector[, options])
- frame.type(selector, text[, options])
- frame.url()
- frame.waitFor(selectorOrFunctionOrTimeout[, options[, ...args]])
- frame.waitForFunction(pageFunction[, options[, ...args]])
- frame.waitForNavigation([options])
- frame.waitForSelector(selector[, options])
- frame.waitForXPath(xpath[, options])
- class: ExecutionContext
- class: JSHandle
- class: ElementHandle
- elementHandle.$(selector)
- elementHandle.$$(selector)
- elementHandle.$$eval(selector, pageFunction[, ...args])
- elementHandle.$eval(selector, pageFunction[, ...args])
- elementHandle.$x(expression)
- elementHandle.asElement()
- elementHandle.boundingBox()
- elementHandle.boxModel()
- elementHandle.click([options])
- elementHandle.contentFrame()
- elementHandle.dblclick([options])
- elementHandle.dispose()
- elementHandle.evaluate(pageFunction[, ...args])
- elementHandle.evaluateHandle(pageFunction[, ...args])
- elementHandle.executionContext()
- elementHandle.fill(value)
- elementHandle.focus()
- elementHandle.getProperties()
- elementHandle.getProperty(propertyName)
- elementHandle.hover([options])
- elementHandle.isIntersectingViewport()
- elementHandle.jsonValue()
- elementHandle.press(key[, options])
- elementHandle.screenshot([options])
- elementHandle.select(...values)
- elementHandle.tap([options])
- elementHandle.toString()
- elementHandle.tripleclick([options])
- elementHandle.type(text[, options])
- elementHandle.uploadFile(...filePaths)
- class: Request
- class: Response
- class: SecurityDetails
- class: Target
- class: CDPSession
- class: Coverage
- class: TimeoutError
Overview
Playwright is a Node library which provides a high-level API to control Chromium or Chrome over the DevTools Protocol.
The Playwright API is hierarchical and mirrors the browser structure.
Note
On the following diagram, faded entities are not currently represented in Playwright.
Playwright
communicates with the browser using DevTools Protocol.Browser
instance can own multiple browser contexts.BrowserContext
instance defines a browsing session and can own multiple pages.Page
has at least one frame: main frame. There might be other frames created by iframe or frame tags.Frame
has at least one execution context - the default execution context - where the frame's JavaScript is executed. A Frame might have additional execution contexts that are associated with extensions.Worker
has a single execution context and facilitates interacting with WebWorkers.
(Diagram source: link)
playwright vs playwright-core
Every release since v1.7.0 we publish two packages:
playwright
is a product for browser automation. When installed, it downloads a version of
Chromium, which it then drives using playwright-core
. Being an end-user product, playwright
supports a bunch of convenient PLAYWRIGHT_*
env variables to tweak its behavior.
playwright-core
is a library to help drive anything that supports DevTools protocol. playwright-core
doesn't download Chromium when installed. Being a library, playwright-core
is fully driven
through its programmatic interface and disregards all the PLAYWRIGHT_*
env variables.
To sum up, the only differences between playwright-core
and playwright
are:
playwright-core
doesn't automatically download Chromium when installed.playwright-core
ignores allPLAYWRIGHT_*
env variables.
In most cases, you'll be fine using the playwright
package.
However, you should use playwright-core
if:
- you're building another end-user product or library atop of DevTools protocol. For example, one might build a PDF generator using
playwright-core
and write a custominstall.js
script that downloadsheadless_shell
instead of Chromium to save disk space. - you're bundling Playwright to use in Chrome Extension / browser with the DevTools protocol where downloading an additional Chromium binary is unnecessary.
When using playwright-core
, remember to change the include line:
const playwright = require('playwright-core');
You will then need to call playwright.connect([options])
or playwright.launch([options])
with an explicit executablePath
option.
Environment Variables
Playwright looks for certain environment variables to aid its operations. If Playwright doesn't find them in the environment during the installation step, a lowercased variant of these variables will be used from the npm config.
HTTP_PROXY
,HTTPS_PROXY
,NO_PROXY
- defines HTTP proxy settings that are used to download and run Chromium.PLAYWRIGHT_SKIP_CHROMIUM_DOWNLOAD
- do not download bundled Chromium during installation step.PLAYWRIGHT_DOWNLOAD_HOST
- overwrite URL prefix that is used to download Chromium. Note: this includes protocol and might even include path prefix. Defaults tohttps://storage.googleapis.com
.PLAYWRIGHT_CHROMIUM_REVISION
- specify a certain version of Chromium you'd like Playwright to use. See playwright.launch([options]) on how executable path is inferred. BEWARE: Playwright is only guaranteed to work with the bundled Chromium, use at your own risk.PLAYWRIGHT_EXECUTABLE_PATH
- specify an executable path to be used inplaywright.launch
. See playwright.launch([options]) on how the executable path is inferred. BEWARE: Playwright is only guaranteed to work with the bundled Chromium, use at your own risk.
Note
PLAYWRIGHT_* env variables are not accounted for in the
playwright-core
package.
Working with Chrome Extensions
Playwright can be used for testing Chrome Extensions.
Note
Extensions in Chrome / Chromium currently only work in non-headless mode.
The following is code for getting a handle to the background page of an extension whose source is located in ./my-extension
:
const playwright = require('playwright');
(async () => {
const pathToExtension = require('path').join(__dirname, 'my-extension');
const browser = await playwright.launch({
headless: false,
args: [
`--disable-extensions-except=${pathToExtension}`,
`--load-extension=${pathToExtension}`
]
});
const targets = await browser.targets();
const backgroundPageTarget = targets.find(target => target.type() === 'background_page');
const backgroundPage = await backgroundPageTarget.page();
// Test the background page as you would any other page.
await browser.close();
})();
Note
It is not yet possible to test extension popups or content scripts.
class: Playwright
Playwright module provides a method to launch a Chromium instance. The following is a typical example of using Playwright to drive automation:
const playwright = require('playwright');
(async () => {
const browser = await playwright.launch();
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto('https://www.google.com');
// other actions...
await browser.close();
})();
playwright.connect(options)
options
<Object>browserWSEndpoint
<?string> a browser websocket endpoint to connect to.browserURL
<?string> a browser url to connect to, in formathttp://${host}:${port}
. Use interchangeably withbrowserWSEndpoint
to let Playwright fetch it from metadata endpoint.ignoreHTTPSErrors
<boolean> Whether to ignore HTTPS errors during navigation. Defaults tofalse
.defaultViewport
<?Object> Sets a consistent viewport for each page. Defaults to an 800x600 viewport.null
disables the default viewport.width
<number> page width in pixels.height
<number> page height in pixels.deviceScaleFactor
<number> Specify device scale factor (can be thought of as dpr). Defaults to1
.isMobile
<boolean> Whether themeta viewport
tag is taken into account. Defaults tofalse
.hasTouch
<boolean> Specifies if viewport supports touch events. Defaults tofalse
isLandscape
<boolean> Specifies if viewport is in landscape mode. Defaults tofalse
.
slowMo
<number> Slows down Playwright operations by the specified amount of milliseconds. Useful so that you can see what is going on.transport
<ConnectionTransport> Experimental Specify a custom transport object for Playwright to use.
- returns: <Promise<Browser>>
This methods attaches Playwright to an existing Chromium instance.
playwright.createBrowserFetcher([options])
options
<Object>host
<string> A download host to be used. Defaults tohttps://storage.googleapis.com
.path
<string> A path for the downloads folder. Defaults to<root>/.local-chromium
, where<root>
is playwright's package root.platform
<string> Possible values are:mac
,win32
,win64
,linux
. Defaults to the current platform.
- returns: <BrowserFetcher>
playwright.defaultArgs([options])
options
<Object> Set of configurable options to set on the browser. Can have the following fields:headless
<boolean> Whether to run browser in headless mode. Defaults totrue
unless thedevtools
option istrue
.args
<Array<string>> Additional arguments to pass to the browser instance. The list of Chromium flags can be found here.userDataDir
<string> Path to a User Data Directory.devtools
<boolean> Whether to auto-open a DevTools panel for each tab. If this option istrue
, theheadless
option will be setfalse
.
- returns: <Array<string>>
The default flags that Chromium will be launched with.
playwright.devices
- returns: <Object>
Returns a list of devices to be used with page.emulate(options)
. Actual list of
devices can be found in lib/DeviceDescriptors.js.
const playwright = require('playwright');
const iPhone = playwright.devices['iPhone 6'];
(async () => {
const browser = await playwright.launch();
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.emulate(iPhone);
await page.goto('https://www.google.com');
// other actions...
await browser.close();
})();
Note
The old way (Playwright versions <= v1.14.0) devices can be obtained with
require('playwright/DeviceDescriptors')
.
playwright.errors
- returns: <Object>
TimeoutError
<function> A class of TimeoutError.
Playwright methods might throw errors if they are unable to fulfill a request. For example, page.waitForSelector(selector[, options]) might fail if the selector doesn't match any nodes during the given timeframe.
For certain types of errors Playwright uses specific error classes.
These classes are available via playwright.errors
An example of handling a timeout error:
try {
await page.waitForSelector('.foo');
} catch (e) {
if (e instanceof playwright.errors.TimeoutError) {
// Do something if this is a timeout.
}
}
Note
The old way (Playwright versions <= v1.14.0) errors can be obtained with
require('playwright/Errors')
.
playwright.executablePath()
- returns: <string> A path where Playwright expects to find bundled Chromium. Chromium might not exist there if the download was skipped with
PLAYWRIGHT_SKIP_CHROMIUM_DOWNLOAD
.
Note
playwright.executablePath()
is affected by thePLAYWRIGHT_EXECUTABLE_PATH
andPLAYWRIGHT_CHROMIUM_REVISION
env variables. See Environment Variables for details.
playwright.launch([options])
options
<Object> Set of configurable options to set on the browser. Can have the following fields:ignoreHTTPSErrors
<boolean> Whether to ignore HTTPS errors during navigation. Defaults tofalse
.headless
<boolean> Whether to run browser in headless mode. Defaults totrue
unless thedevtools
option istrue
.executablePath
<string> Path to a Chromium or Chrome executable to run instead of the bundled Chromium. IfexecutablePath
is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to current working directory. BEWARE: Playwright is only guaranteed to work with the bundled Chromium, use at your own risk.slowMo
<number> Slows down Playwright operations by the specified amount of milliseconds. Useful so that you can see what is going on.defaultViewport
<?Object> Sets a consistent viewport for each page. Defaults to an 800x600 viewport.null
disables the default viewport.width
<number> page width in pixels.height
<number> page height in pixels.deviceScaleFactor
<number> Specify device scale factor (can be thought of as dpr). Defaults to1
.isMobile
<boolean> Whether themeta viewport
tag is taken into account. Defaults tofalse
.hasTouch
<boolean> Specifies if viewport supports touch events. Defaults tofalse
isLandscape
<boolean> Specifies if viewport is in landscape mode. Defaults tofalse
.
args
<Array<string>> Additional arguments to pass to the browser instance. The list of Chromium flags can be found here.ignoreDefaultArgs
<boolean|Array<string>> Iftrue
, then do not useplaywright.defaultArgs()
. If an array is given, then filter out the given default arguments. Dangerous option; use with care. Defaults tofalse
.handleSIGINT
<boolean> Close the browser process on Ctrl-C. Defaults totrue
.handleSIGTERM
<boolean> Close the browser process on SIGTERM. Defaults totrue
.handleSIGHUP
<boolean> Close the browser process on SIGHUP. Defaults totrue
.timeout
<number> Maximum time in milliseconds to wait for the browser instance to start. Defaults to30000
(30 seconds). Pass0
to disable timeout.dumpio
<boolean> Whether to pipe the browser process stdout and stderr intoprocess.stdout
andprocess.stderr
. Defaults tofalse
.userDataDir
<string> Path to a User Data Directory.env
<Object> Specify environment variables that will be visible to the browser. Defaults toprocess.env
.devtools
<boolean> Whether to auto-open a DevTools panel for each tab. If this option istrue
, theheadless
option will be setfalse
.pipe
<boolean> Connects to the browser over a pipe instead of a WebSocket. Defaults tofalse
.
- returns: <Promise<Browser>> Promise which resolves to browser instance.
You can use ignoreDefaultArgs
to filter out --mute-audio
from default arguments:
const browser = await playwright.launch({
ignoreDefaultArgs: ['--mute-audio']
});
Note
Playwright can also be used to control the Chrome browser, but it works best with the version of Chromium it is bundled with. There is no guarantee it will work with any other version. Use
executablePath
option with extreme caution.If Google Chrome (rather than Chromium) is preferred, a Chrome Canary or Dev Channel build is suggested.
In playwright.launch([options]) above, any mention of Chromium also applies to Chrome.
See
this article
for a description of the differences between Chromium and Chrome.This article
describes some differences for Linux users.
class: BrowserFetcher
BrowserFetcher can download and manage different versions of Chromium.
BrowserFetcher operates on revision strings that specify a precise version of Chromium, e.g. "533271"
. Revision strings can be obtained from omahaproxy.appspot.com.
An example of using BrowserFetcher to download a specific version of Chromium and running Playwright against it:
const browserFetcher = playwright.createBrowserFetcher();
const revisionInfo = await browserFetcher.download('533271');
const browser = await playwright.launch({executablePath: revisionInfo.executablePath})
Note
BrowserFetcher is not designed to work concurrently with other instances of BrowserFetcher that share the same downloads directory.
browserFetcher.canDownload(revision)
revision
<string> a revision to check availability.- returns: <Promise<boolean>> returns
true
if the revision could be downloaded from the host.
The method initiates a HEAD request to check if the revision is available.
browserFetcher.download(revision[, progressCallback])
revision
<string> a revision to download.progressCallback
<function(number, number)> A function that will be called with two arguments:- returns: <Promise<Object>> Resolves with revision information when the revision is downloaded and extracted
The method initiates a GET request to download the revision from the host.
browserFetcher.localRevisions()
browserFetcher.platform()
- returns: <string> One of
mac
,linux
,win32
orwin64
.
browserFetcher.remove(revision)
revision
<string> a revision to remove. The method will throw if the revision has not been downloaded.- returns: <Promise> Resolves when the revision has been removed.
browserFetcher.revisionInfo(revision)
class: Browser
- extends: EventEmitter
A Browser is created when Playwright connects to a Chromium instance, either through playwright.launch
or playwright.connect
.
An example of using a Browser to create a Page:
const playwright = require('playwright');
(async () => {
const browser = await playwright.launch();
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com');
await browser.close();
})();
An example of disconnecting from and reconnecting to a Browser:
const playwright = require('playwright');
(async () => {
const browser = await playwright.launch();
// Store the endpoint to be able to reconnect to Chromium
const browserWSEndpoint = browser.wsEndpoint();
// Disconnect playwright from Chromium
browser.disconnect();
// Use the endpoint to reestablish a connection
const browser2 = await playwright.connect({browserWSEndpoint});
// Close Chromium
await browser2.close();
})();
event: 'disconnected'
Emitted when Playwright gets disconnected from the Chromium instance. This might happen because of one of the following:
- Chromium is closed or crashed
- The
browser.disconnect
method was called
event: 'targetchanged'
- <Target>
Emitted when the url of a target changes.
Note
This includes target changes in incognito browser contexts.
event: 'targetcreated'
- <Target>
Emitted when a target is created, for example when a new page is opened by window.open
or browser.newPage
.
Note
This includes target creations in incognito browser contexts.
event: 'targetdestroyed'
- <Target>
Emitted when a target is destroyed, for example when a page is closed.
Note
This includes target destructions in incognito browser contexts.
browser.browserContexts()
- returns: <Array<BrowserContext>>
Returns an array of all open browser contexts. In a newly created browser, this will return a single instance of BrowserContext.
browser.close()
- returns: <Promise>
Closes Chromium and all of its pages (if any were opened). The Browser object itself is considered to be disposed and cannot be used anymore.
browser.createIncognitoBrowserContext()
- returns: <Promise<BrowserContext>>
Creates a new incognito browser context. This won't share cookies/cache with other browser contexts.
(async () => {
const browser = await playwright.launch();
// Create a new incognito browser context.
const context = await browser.createIncognitoBrowserContext();
// Create a new page in a pristine context.
const page = await context.newPage();
// Do stuff
await page.goto('https://example.com');
})();
browser.defaultBrowserContext()
- returns: <BrowserContext>
Returns the default browser context. The default browser context can not be closed.
browser.disconnect()
Disconnects Playwright from the browser, but leaves the Chromium process running. After calling disconnect
, the Browser object is considered disposed and cannot be used anymore.
browser.isConnected()
- returns: <boolean>
Indicates that the browser is connected.
browser.newPage()
Promise which resolves to a new Page object. The Page is created in a default browser context.
browser.pages()
- returns: <Promise<Array<Page>>> Promise which resolves to an array of all open pages. Non visible pages, such as
"background_page"
, will not be listed here. You can find them using target.page().
An array of all pages inside the Browser. In case of multiple browser contexts, the method will return an array with all the pages in all browser contexts.
browser.process()
- returns: <?ChildProcess> Spawned browser process. Returns
null
if the browser instance was created withplaywright.connect
method.
browser.target()
- returns: <Target>
A target associated with the browser.
browser.targets()
An array of all active targets inside the Browser. In case of multiple browser contexts, the method will return an array with all the targets in all browser contexts.
browser.userAgent()
Note
Pages can override browser user agent with page.setUserAgent
browser.version()
- returns: <Promise<string>> For headless Chromium, this is similar to
HeadlessChrome/61.0.3153.0
. For non-headless, this is similar toChrome/61.0.3153.0
.
Note
the format of browser.version() might change with future releases of Chromium.
browser.waitForTarget(predicate[, options])
predicate
<function[Target]
:boolean> A function to be run for every targetoptions
<Object>timeout
<number> Maximum wait time in milliseconds. Pass0
to disable the timeout. Defaults to 30 seconds.
- returns: <Promise<Target>> Promise which resolves to the first target found that matches the
predicate
function.
This searches for a target in all browser contexts.
An example of finding a target for a page opened via window.open
:
await page.evaluate(() => window.open('https://www.example.com/'));
const newWindowTarget = await browser.waitForTarget(target => target.url() === 'https://www.example.com/');
browser.wsEndpoint()
- returns: <string> Browser websocket url.
Browser websocket endpoint which can be used as an argument to
playwright.connect. The format is ws://${host}:${port}/devtools/browser/<id>
You can find the webSocketDebuggerUrl
from http://${host}:${port}/json/version
. Learn more about the devtools protocol and the browser endpoint.
class: BrowserContext
- extends: EventEmitter
BrowserContexts provide a way to operate multiple independent browser sessions. When a browser is launched, it has
a single BrowserContext used by default. The method browser.newPage()
creates a page in the default browser context.
If a page opens another page, e.g. with a window.open
call, the popup will belong to the parent page's browser
context.
Playwright allows creation of "incognito" browser contexts with browser.createIncognitoBrowserContext()
method.
"Incognito" browser contexts don't write any browsing data to disk.
// Create a new incognito browser context
const context = await browser.createIncognitoBrowserContext();
// Create a new page inside context.
const page = await context.newPage();
// ... do stuff with page ...
await page.goto('https://example.com');
// Dispose context once it's no longer needed.
await context.close();
event: 'targetchanged'
- <Target>
Emitted when the url of a target inside the browser context changes.
event: 'targetcreated'
- <Target>
Emitted when a new target is created inside the browser context, for example when a new page is opened by window.open
or browserContext.newPage
.
event: 'targetdestroyed'
- <Target>
Emitted when a target inside the browser context is destroyed, for example when a page is closed.
browserContext.browser()
- returns: <Browser>
The browser this browser context belongs to.
browserContext.clearPermissionOverrides()
- returns: <Promise>
Clears all permission overrides for the browser context.
const context = browser.defaultBrowserContext();
context.overridePermissions('https://example.com', ['clipboard-read']);
// do stuff ..
context.clearPermissionOverrides();
browserContext.close()
- returns: <Promise>
Closes the browser context. All the targets that belong to the browser context will be closed.
Note
only incognito browser contexts can be closed.
browserContext.isIncognito()
- returns: <boolean>
Returns whether BrowserContext is incognito. The default browser context is the only non-incognito browser context.
Note
the default browser context cannot be closed.
browserContext.newPage()
Creates a new page in the browser context.
browserContext.overridePermissions(origin, permissions)
origin
<string> The origin to grant permissions to, e.g. "https://example.com".permissions
<Array<string>> An array of permissions to grant. All permissions that are not listed here will be automatically denied. Permissions can be one of the following values:'geolocation'
'midi'
'midi-sysex'
(system-exclusive midi)'notifications'
'push'
'camera'
'microphone'
'background-sync'
'ambient-light-sensor'
'accelerometer'
'gyroscope'
'magnetometer'
'accessibility-events'
'clipboard-read'
'clipboard-write'
'payment-handler'
- returns: <Promise>
const context = browser.defaultBrowserContext();
await context.overridePermissions('https://html5demos.com', ['geolocation']);
browserContext.pages()
- returns: <Promise<Array<Page>>> Promise which resolves to an array of all open pages. Non visible pages, such as
"background_page"
, will not be listed here. You can find them using target.page().
An array of all pages inside the browser context.
browserContext.targets()
An array of all active targets inside the browser context.
browserContext.waitForTarget(predicate[, options])
predicate
<function[Target]
:boolean> A function to be run for every targetoptions
<Object>timeout
<number> Maximum wait time in milliseconds. Pass0
to disable the timeout. Defaults to 30 seconds.
- returns: <Promise<Target>> Promise which resolves to the first target found that matches the
predicate
function.
This searches for a target in this specific browser context.
An example of finding a target for a page opened via window.open
:
await page.evaluate(() => window.open('https://www.example.com/'));
const newWindowTarget = await browserContext.waitForTarget(target => target.url() === 'https://www.example.com/');
class: Page
- extends: EventEmitter
Page provides methods to interact with a single tab or extension background page in Chromium. One Browser instance might have multiple Page instances.
This example creates a page, navigates it to a URL, and then saves a screenshot:
const playwright = require('playwright');
(async () => {
const browser = await playwright.launch();
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com');
await page.screenshot({path: 'screenshot.png'});
await browser.close();
})();
The Page class emits various events (described below) which can be handled using any of Node's native EventEmitter
methods, such as on
, once
or removeListener
.
This example logs a message for a single page load
event:
page.once('load', () => console.log('Page loaded!'));
To unsubscribe from events use the removeListener
method:
function logRequest(interceptedRequest) {
console.log('A request was made:', interceptedRequest.url());
}
page.on('request', logRequest);
// Sometime later...
page.removeListener('request', logRequest);
event: 'close'
Emitted when the page closes.
event: 'console'
Emitted when JavaScript within the page calls one of console API methods, e.g. console.log
or console.dir
. Also emitted if the page throws an error or a warning.
The arguments passed into console.log
appear as arguments on the event handler.
An example of handling console
event:
page.on('console', msg => {
for (let i = 0; i < msg.args().length; ++i)
console.log(`${i}: ${msg.args()[i]}`);
});
page.evaluate(() => console.log('hello', 5, {foo: 'bar'}));
event: 'dialog'
- <Dialog>
Emitted when a JavaScript dialog appears, such as alert
, prompt
, confirm
or beforeunload
. Playwright can respond to the dialog via Dialog's accept or dismiss methods.
event: 'domcontentloaded'
Emitted when the JavaScript DOMContentLoaded
event is dispatched.
event: 'error'
- <Error>
Emitted when the page crashes.
Note
error
event has a special meaning in Node, see error events for details.
event: 'frameattached'
- <Frame>
Emitted when a frame is attached.
event: 'framedetached'
- <Frame>
Emitted when a frame is detached.
event: 'framenavigated'
- <Frame>
Emitted when a frame is navigated to a new url.
event: 'load'
Emitted when the JavaScript load
event is dispatched.
event: 'metrics'
- <Object>
Emitted when the JavaScript code makes a call to console.timeStamp
. For the list
of metrics see page.metrics
.
event: 'pageerror'
- <Error> The exception message
Emitted when an uncaught exception happens within the page.
event: 'popup'
- <Page> Page corresponding to "popup" window
Emitted when the page opens a new tab or window.
const [popup] = await Promise.all([
new Promise(resolve => page.once('popup', resolve)),
page.click('a[target=_blank]'),
]);
const [popup] = await Promise.all([
new Promise(resolve => page.once('popup', resolve)),
page.evaluate(() => window.open('https://example.com')),
]);
event: 'request'
- <Request>
Emitted when a page issues a request. The request object is read-only.
In order to intercept and mutate requests, see page.setRequestInterception
.
event: 'requestfailed'
- <Request>
Emitted when a request fails, for example by timing out.
Note
HTTP Error responses, such as 404 or 503, are still successful responses from HTTP standpoint, so request will complete with
'requestfinished'
event and not with'requestfailed'
.
event: 'requestfinished'
- <Request>
Emitted when a request finishes successfully.
event: 'response'
- <Response>
Emitted when a response is received.
event: 'workercreated'
- <Worker>
Emitted when a dedicated WebWorker is spawned by the page.
event: 'workerdestroyed'
- <Worker>
Emitted when a dedicated WebWorker is terminated.
page.$(selector)
selector
<string> A selector to query page for- returns: <Promise<?ElementHandle>>
The method runs document.querySelector
within the page. If no element matches the selector, the return value resolves to null
.
Shortcut for page.mainFrame().$(selector).
page.$$(selector)
selector
<string> A selector to query page for- returns: <Promise<Array<ElementHandle>>>
The method runs document.querySelectorAll
within the page. If no elements match the selector, the return value resolves to []
.
Shortcut for page.mainFrame().$$(selector).
page.$$eval(selector, pageFunction[, ...args])
selector
<string> A selector to query page forpageFunction
<function(Array<Element>)> Function to be evaluated in browser context...args
<...Serializable|JSHandle> Arguments to pass topageFunction
- returns: <Promise<Serializable>> Promise which resolves to the return value of
pageFunction
This method runs Array.from(document.querySelectorAll(selector))
within the page and passes it as the first argument to pageFunction
.
If pageFunction
returns a Promise, then page.$$eval
would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
Examples:
const divsCounts = await page.$$eval('div', divs => divs.length);
page.$eval(selector, pageFunction[, ...args])
selector
<string> A selector to query page forpageFunction
<function(Element)> Function to be evaluated in browser context...args
<...Serializable|JSHandle> Arguments to pass topageFunction
- returns: <Promise<Serializable>> Promise which resolves to the return value of
pageFunction
This method runs document.querySelector
within the page and passes it as the first argument to pageFunction
. If there's no element matching selector
, the method throws an error.
If pageFunction
returns a Promise, then page.$eval
would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
Examples:
const searchValue = await page.$eval('#search', el => el.value);
const preloadHref = await page.$eval('link[rel=preload]', el => el.href);
const html = await page.$eval('.main-container', e => e.outerHTML);
Shortcut for page.mainFrame().$eval(selector, pageFunction).
page.$x(expression)
expression
<string> Expression to evaluate.- returns: <Promise<Array<ElementHandle>>>
The method evaluates the XPath expression.
Shortcut for page.mainFrame().$x(expression)
page.accessibility
- returns: <Accessibility>
page.addScriptTag(options)
options
<Object>url
<string> URL of a script to be added.path
<string> Path to the JavaScript file to be injected into frame. Ifpath
is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to current working directory.content
<string> Raw JavaScript content to be injected into frame.type
<string> Script type. Use 'module' in order to load a Javascript ES6 module. See script for more details.
- returns: <Promise<ElementHandle>> which resolves to the added tag when the script's onload fires or when the script content was injected into frame.
Adds a <script>
tag into the page with the desired url or content.
Shortcut for page.mainFrame().addScriptTag(options).
page.addStyleTag(options)
options
<Object>url
<string> URL of the<link>
tag.path
<string> Path to the CSS file to be injected into frame. Ifpath
is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to current working directory.content
<string> Raw CSS content to be injected into frame.
- returns: <Promise<ElementHandle>> which resolves to the added tag when the stylesheet's onload fires or when the CSS content was injected into frame.
Adds a <link rel="stylesheet">
tag into the page with the desired url or a <style type="text/css">
tag with the content.
Shortcut for page.mainFrame().addStyleTag(options).
page.authenticate(credentials)
Provide credentials for HTTP authentication.
To disable authentication, pass null
.
page.bringToFront()
- returns: <Promise>
Brings page to front (activates tab).
page.browser()
- returns: <Browser>
Get the browser the page belongs to.
page.browserContext()
- returns: <BrowserContext>
Get the browser context that the page belongs to.
page.click(selector[, options])
selector
<string> A selector to search for element to click. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be clicked.options
<Object>button
<"left"|"right"|"middle"> Defaults toleft
.clickCount
<number> defaults to 1. See UIEvent.detail.delay
<number> Time to wait betweenmousedown
andmouseup
in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.relativePoint
<Object> A point to click relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, clicks to some visible point of the element.modifiers
<Array<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the click, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- returns: <Promise> Promise which resolves when the element matching
selector
is successfully clicked. The Promise will be rejected if there is no element matchingselector
.
This method fetches an element with selector
, scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses page.mouse to click in the center of the element.
If there's no element matching selector
, the method throws an error.
Bear in mind that if click()
triggers a navigation event and there's a separate page.waitForNavigation()
promise to be resolved, you may end up with a race condition that yields unexpected results. The correct pattern for click and wait for navigation is the following:
const [response] = await Promise.all([
page.waitForNavigation(waitOptions),
page.click(selector, clickOptions),
]);
Shortcut for page.mainFrame().click(selector[, options]).
page.close([options])
options
<Object>runBeforeUnload
<boolean> Defaults tofalse
. Whether to run the before unload page handlers.
- returns: <Promise>
By default, page.close()
does not run beforeunload handlers.
Note
if
runBeforeUnload
is passed as true, abeforeunload
dialog might be summoned and should be handled manually via page's 'dialog' event.
page.content()
Gets the full HTML contents of the page, including the doctype.
page.cookies([...urls])
If no URLs are specified, this method returns cookies for the current page URL. If URLs are specified, only cookies for those URLs are returned.
page.coverage
- returns: <Coverage>
page.dblclick(selector[, options])
selector
<string> A selector to search for element to double click. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be double clicked.options
<Object>button
<"left"|"right"|"middle"> Defaults toleft
.delay
<number> Time to wait betweenmousedown
andmouseup
in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.relativePoint
<Object> A point to double click relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, double clicks to some visible point of the element.modifiers
<Array<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the double click, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- returns: <Promise> Promise which resolves when the element matching
selector
is successfully double clicked. The Promise will be rejected if there is no element matchingselector
.
This method fetches an element with selector
, scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses page.mouse to double click in the center of the element.
If there's no element matching selector
, the method throws an error.
Bear in mind that if the first click of the dblclick()
triggers a navigation event, there will be an exception.
Note
page.dblclick()
dispatches twoclick
events and a singledblclick
event.
Shortcut for page.mainFrame().dblclick(selector[, options]).
page.deleteCookie(...cookies)
page.emulate(options)
options
<Object>viewport
<Object>width
<number> page width in pixels.height
<number> page height in pixels.deviceScaleFactor
<number> Specify device scale factor (can be thought of as dpr). Defaults to1
.isMobile
<boolean> Whether themeta viewport
tag is taken into account. Defaults tofalse
.hasTouch
<boolean> Specifies if viewport supports touch events. Defaults tofalse
isLandscape
<boolean> Specifies if viewport is in landscape mode. Defaults tofalse
.
userAgent
<string>
- returns: <Promise>
Emulates given device metrics and user agent. This method is a shortcut for calling two methods:
To aid emulation, playwright provides a list of device descriptors which can be obtained via the playwright.devices
.
page.emulate
will resize the page. A lot of websites don't expect phones to change size, so you should emulate before navigating to the page.
const playwright = require('playwright');
const iPhone = playwright.devices['iPhone 6'];
(async () => {
const browser = await playwright.launch();
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.emulate(iPhone);
await page.goto('https://www.google.com');
// other actions...
await browser.close();
})();
List of all available devices is available in the source code: DeviceDescriptors.js.
page.emulateMedia(type)
type
<?string> Changes the CSS media type of the page. The only allowed values are'screen'
,'print'
andnull
. Passingnull
disables CSS media emulation.- returns: <Promise>
Note: This method is deprecated, and only kept around as an alias for backwards compatibility. Use page.emulateMediaType(type)
instead.
page.emulateMediaFeatures(features)
features
<?Array<Object>> Given an array of media feature objects, emulates CSS media features on the page. Each media feature object must have the following properties:- returns: <Promise>
await page.emulateMediaFeatures([{ name: 'prefers-color-scheme', value: 'dark' }]);
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches));
// → true
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: light)').matches));
// → false
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: no-preference)').matches));
// → false
await page.emulateMediaFeatures([{ name: 'prefers-reduced-motion', value: 'reduce' }]);
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)').matches));
// → true
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: no-preference)').matches));
// → false
await page.emulateMediaFeatures([
{ name: 'prefers-color-scheme', value: 'dark' },
{ name: 'prefers-reduced-motion', value: 'reduce' },
]);
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches));
// → true
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: light)').matches));
// → false
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: no-preference)').matches));
// → false
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)').matches));
// → true
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: no-preference)').matches));
// → false
page.emulateMediaType(type)
type
<?string> Changes the CSS media type of the page. The only allowed values are'screen'
,'print'
andnull
. Passingnull
disables CSS media emulation.- returns: <Promise>
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('screen').matches));
// → true
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('print').matches));
// → true
await page.emulateMediaType('print');
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('screen').matches));
// → false
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('print').matches));
// → true
await page.emulateMediaType(null);
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('screen').matches));
// → true
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('print').matches));
// → true
page.emulateTimezone(timezoneId)
timezoneId
<?string> Changes the timezone of the page. See ICU’smetaZones.txt
for a list of supported timezone IDs. Passingnull
disables timezone emulation.- returns: <Promise>
page.evaluate(pageFunction[, ...args])
pageFunction
<function|string> Function to be evaluated in the page context...args
<...Serializable|JSHandle> Arguments to pass topageFunction
- returns: <Promise<Serializable>> Promise which resolves to the return value of
pageFunction
If the function passed to the page.evaluate
returns a Promise, then page.evaluate
would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
If the function passed to the page.evaluate
returns a non-Serializable value, then page.evaluate
resolves to undefined
. DevTools Protocol also supports transferring some additional values that are not serializable by JSON
: -0
, NaN
, Infinity
, -Infinity
, and bigint literals.
Passing arguments to pageFunction
:
const result = await page.evaluate(x => {
return Promise.resolve(8 * x);
}, 7);
console.log(result); // prints "56"
A string can also be passed in instead of a function:
console.log(await page.evaluate('1 + 2')); // prints "3"
const x = 10;
console.log(await page.evaluate(`1 + ${x}`)); // prints "11"
ElementHandle instances can be passed as arguments to the page.evaluate
:
const bodyHandle = await page.$('body');
const html = await page.evaluate(body => body.innerHTML, bodyHandle);
await bodyHandle.dispose();
Shortcut for page.mainFrame().evaluate(pageFunction, ...args).
page.evaluateHandle(pageFunction[, ...args])
pageFunction
<function|string> Function to be evaluated in the page context...args
<...Serializable|JSHandle> Arguments to pass topageFunction
- returns: <Promise<JSHandle>> Promise which resolves to the return value of
pageFunction
as in-page object (JSHandle)
The only difference between page.evaluate
and page.evaluateHandle
is that page.evaluateHandle
returns in-page object (JSHandle).
If the function passed to the page.evaluateHandle
returns a Promise, then page.evaluateHandle
would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
A string can also be passed in instead of a function:
const aHandle = await page.evaluateHandle('document'); // Handle for the 'document'
JSHandle instances can be passed as arguments to the page.evaluateHandle
:
const aHandle = await page.evaluateHandle(() => document.body);
const resultHandle = await page.evaluateHandle(body => body.innerHTML, aHandle);
console.log(await resultHandle.jsonValue());
await resultHandle.dispose();
Shortcut for page.mainFrame().executionContext().evaluateHandle(pageFunction, ...args).
page.evaluateOnNewDocument(pageFunction[, ...args])
pageFunction
<function|string> Function to be evaluated in browser context...args
<...Serializable> Arguments to pass topageFunction
- returns: <Promise>
Adds a function which would be invoked in one of the following scenarios:
- whenever the page is navigated
- whenever the child frame is attached or navigated. In this case, the function is invoked in the context of the newly attached frame
The function is invoked after the document was created but before any of its scripts were run. This is useful to amend the JavaScript environment, e.g. to seed Math.random
.
An example of overriding the navigator.languages property before the page loads:
// preload.js
// overwrite the `languages` property to use a custom getter
Object.defineProperty(navigator, "languages", {
get: function() {
return ["en-US", "en", "bn"];
}
});
// In your playwright script, assuming the preload.js file is in same folder of our script
const preloadFile = fs.readFileSync('./preload.js', 'utf8');
await page.evaluateOnNewDocument(preloadFile);
page.exposeFunction(name, playwrightFunction)
name
<string> Name of the function on the window objectplaywrightFunction
<function> Callback function which will be called in Playwright's context.- returns: <Promise>
The method adds a function called name
on the page's window
object.
When called, the function executes playwrightFunction
in node.js and returns a Promise which resolves to the return value of playwrightFunction
.
If the playwrightFunction
returns a Promise, it will be awaited.
Note
Functions installed via
page.exposeFunction
survive navigations.
An example of adding an md5
function into the page:
const playwright = require('playwright');
const crypto = require('crypto');
(async () => {
const browser = await playwright.launch();
const page = await browser.newPage();
page.on('console', msg => console.log(msg.text()));
await page.exposeFunction('md5', text =>
crypto.createHash('md5').update(text).digest('hex')
);
await page.evaluate(async () => {
// use window.md5 to compute hashes
const myString = 'PLAYWRIGHT';
const myHash = await window.md5(myString);
console.log(`md5 of ${myString} is ${myHash}`);
});
await browser.close();
})();
An example of adding a window.readfile
function into the page:
const playwright = require('playwright');
const fs = require('fs');
(async () => {
const browser = await playwright.launch();
const page = await browser.newPage();
page.on('console', msg => console.log(msg.text()));
await page.exposeFunction('readfile', async filePath => {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
fs.readFile(filePath, 'utf8', (err, text) => {
if (err)
reject(err);
else
resolve(text);
});
});
});
await page.evaluate(async () => {
// use window.readfile to read contents of a file
const content = await window.readfile('/etc/hosts');
console.log(content);
});
await browser.close();
})();
page.fill(selector, value)
selector
<string> A selector to query page for.value
<string> Value to fill for the<input>
,<textarea>
or[contenteditable]
element.- returns: <Promise> Promise which resolves when the element matching
selector
is successfully filled. The promise will be rejected if there is no element matchingselector
.
This method focuses the element and triggers an input
event after filling.
If there's no text <input>
, <textarea>
or [contenteditable]
element matching selector
, the method throws an error.
Shortcut for page.mainFrame().fill()
page.focus(selector)
selector
<string> A selector of an element to focus. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be focused.- returns: <Promise> Promise which resolves when the element matching
selector
is successfully focused. The promise will be rejected if there is no element matchingselector
.
This method fetches an element with selector
and focuses it.
If there's no element matching selector
, the method throws an error.
Shortcut for page.mainFrame().focus(selector).
page.frames()
page.goBack([options])
options
<Object> Navigation parameters which might have the following properties:timeout
<number> Maximum navigation time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass0
to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout) or page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout) methods.waitUntil
<string|Array<string>> When to consider navigation succeeded, defaults toload
. Given an array of event strings, navigation is considered to be successful after all events have been fired. Events can be either:load
- consider navigation to be finished when theload
event is fired.domcontentloaded
- consider navigation to be finished when theDOMContentLoaded
event is fired.networkidle0
- consider navigation to be finished when there are no more than 0 network connections for at least500
ms.networkidle2
- consider navigation to be finished when there are no more than 2 network connections for at least500
ms.
- returns: <Promise<?Response>> Promise which resolves to the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect. If
can not go back, resolves to
null
.
Navigate to the previous page in history.
page.goForward([options])
options
<Object> Navigation parameters which might have the following properties:timeout
<number> Maximum navigation time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass0
to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout) or page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout) methods.waitUntil
<string|Array<string>> When to consider navigation succeeded, defaults toload
. Given an array of event strings, navigation is considered to be successful after all events have been fired. Events can be either:load
- consider navigation to be finished when theload
event is fired.domcontentloaded
- consider navigation to be finished when theDOMContentLoaded
event is fired.networkidle0
- consider navigation to be finished when there are no more than 0 network connections for at least500
ms.networkidle2
- consider navigation to be finished when there are no more than 2 network connections for at least500
ms.
- returns: <Promise<?Response>> Promise which resolves to the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect. If
can not go forward, resolves to
null
.
Navigate to the next page in history.
page.goto(url[, options])
url
<string> URL to navigate page to. The url should include scheme, e.g.https://
.options
<Object> Navigation parameters which might have the following properties:timeout
<number> Maximum navigation time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass0
to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout) or page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout) methods.waitUntil
<string|Array<string>> When to consider navigation succeeded, defaults toload
. Given an array of event strings, navigation is considered to be successful after all events have been fired. Events can be either:load
- consider navigation to be finished when theload
event is fired.domcontentloaded
- consider navigation to be finished when theDOMContentLoaded
event is fired.networkidle0
- consider navigation to be finished when there are no more than 0 network connections for at least500
ms.networkidle2
- consider navigation to be finished when there are no more than 2 network connections for at least500
ms.
referer
<string> Referer header value. If provided it will take preference over the referer header value set by page.setExtraHTTPHeaders().
- returns: <Promise<?Response>> Promise which resolves to the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect.
page.goto
will throw an error if:
- there's an SSL error (e.g. in case of self-signed certificates).
- target URL is invalid.
- the
timeout
is exceeded during navigation. - the remote server does not respond or is unreachable.
- the main resource failed to load.
page.goto
will not throw an error when any valid HTTP status code is returned by the remote server, including 404 "Not Found" and 500 "Internal Server Error". The status code for such responses can be retrieved by calling response.status().
Note
page.goto
either throws an error or returns a main resource response. The only exceptions are navigation toabout:blank
or navigation to the same URL with a different hash, which would succeed and returnnull
.
Note
Headless mode doesn't support navigation to a PDF document. See the upstream issue.
Shortcut for page.mainFrame().goto(url, options)
page.hover(selector[, options])
selector
<string> A selector to search for element to hover. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be hovered.options
<Object>relativePoint
<Object> A point to hover relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, hovers over some visible point of the element.modifiers
<Array<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the hover, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- returns: <Promise> Promise which resolves when the element matching
selector
is successfully hovered. Promise gets rejected if there's no element matchingselector
.
This method fetches an element with selector
, scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses page.mouse to hover over the center of the element.
If there's no element matching selector
, the method throws an error.
Shortcut for page.mainFrame().hover(selector).
page.isClosed()
- returns: <boolean>
Indicates that the page has been closed.
page.keyboard
- returns: <Keyboard>
page.mainFrame()
- returns: <Frame> The page's main frame.
Page is guaranteed to have a main frame which persists during navigations.
page.metrics()
- returns: <Promise<Object>> Object containing metrics as key/value pairs.
Timestamp
<number> The timestamp when the metrics sample was taken.Documents
<number> Number of documents in the page.Frames
<number> Number of frames in the page.JSEventListeners
<number> Number of events in the page.Nodes
<number> Number of DOM nodes in the page.LayoutCount
<number> Total number of full or partial page layout.RecalcStyleCount
<number> Total number of page style recalculations.LayoutDuration
<number> Combined durations of all page layouts.RecalcStyleDuration
<number> Combined duration of all page style recalculations.ScriptDuration
<number> Combined duration of JavaScript execution.TaskDuration
<number> Combined duration of all tasks performed by the browser.JSHeapUsedSize
<number> Used JavaScript heap size.JSHeapTotalSize
<number> Total JavaScript heap size.
Note
All timestamps are in monotonic time: monotonically increasing time in seconds since an arbitrary point in the past.
page.mouse
- returns: <Mouse>
page.pdf
- returns: <[PDF]>
page.queryObjects(prototypeHandle)
prototypeHandle
<JSHandle> A handle to the object prototype.- returns: <Promise<JSHandle>> Promise which resolves to a handle to an array of objects with this prototype.
The method iterates the JavaScript heap and finds all the objects with the given prototype.
// Create a Map object
await page.evaluate(() => window.map = new Map());
// Get a handle to the Map object prototype
const mapPrototype = await page.evaluateHandle(() => Map.prototype);
// Query all map instances into an array
const mapInstances = await page.queryObjects(mapPrototype);
// Count amount of map objects in heap
const count = await page.evaluate(maps => maps.length, mapInstances);
await mapInstances.dispose();
await mapPrototype.dispose();
Shortcut for page.mainFrame().executionContext().queryObjects(prototypeHandle).
page.reload([options])
options
<Object> Navigation parameters which might have the following properties:timeout
<number> Maximum navigation time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass0
to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout) or page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout) methods.waitUntil
<string|Array<string>> When to consider navigation succeeded, defaults toload
. Given an array of event strings, navigation is considered to be successful after all events have been fired. Events can be either:load
- consider navigation to be finished when theload
event is fired.domcontentloaded
- consider navigation to be finished when theDOMContentLoaded
event is fired.networkidle0
- consider navigation to be finished when there are no more than 0 network connections for at least500
ms.networkidle2
- consider navigation to be finished when there are no more than 2 network connections for at least500
ms.
- returns: <Promise<Response>> Promise which resolves to the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect.
page.screenshot([options])
options
<Object> Options object which might have the following properties:path
<string> The file path to save the image to. The screenshot type will be inferred from file extension. Ifpath
is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to current working directory. If no path is provided, the image won't be saved to the disk.type
<string> Specify screenshot type, can be eitherjpeg
orpng
. Defaults to 'png'.quality
<number> The quality of the image, between 0-100. Not applicable topng
images.fullPage
<boolean> When true, takes a screenshot of the full scrollable page. Defaults tofalse
.clip
<Object> An object which specifies clipping region of the page. Should have the following fields:omitBackground
<boolean> Hides default white background and allows capturing screenshots with transparency. Defaults tofalse
.encoding
<string> The encoding of the image, can be eitherbase64
orbinary
. Defaults tobinary
.
- returns: <Promise<string|Buffer>> Promise which resolves to buffer or a base64 string (depending on the value of
encoding
) with captured screenshot.
Note
Screenshots take at least 1/6 second on OS X. See https://crbug.com/741689 for discussion.
page.select(selector, ...values)
selector
<string> A selector to query page for...values
<...string> Values of options to select. If the<select>
has themultiple
attribute, all values are considered, otherwise only the first one is taken into account.- returns: <Promise<Array<string>>> An array of option values that have been successfully selected.
Triggers a change
and input
event once all the provided options have been selected.
If there's no <select>
element matching selector
, the method throws an error.
page.select('select#colors', 'blue'); // single selection
page.select('select#colors', 'red', 'green', 'blue'); // multiple selections
Shortcut for page.mainFrame().select()
page.setBypassCSP(enabled)
Toggles bypassing page's Content-Security-Policy.
Note
CSP bypassing happens at the moment of CSP initialization rather then evaluation. Usually this means that
page.setBypassCSP
should be called before navigating to the domain.
page.setCacheEnabled([enabled])
Toggles ignoring cache for each request based on the enabled state. By default, caching is enabled.
page.setContent(html[, options])
html
<string> HTML markup to assign to the page.options
<Object> Parameters which might have the following properties:timeout
<number> Maximum time in milliseconds for resources to load, defaults to 30 seconds, pass0
to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout) or page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout) methods.waitUntil
<string|Array<string>> When to consider setting markup succeeded, defaults toload
. Given an array of event strings, setting content is considered to be successful after all events have been fired. Events can be either:load
- consider setting content to be finished when theload
event is fired.domcontentloaded
- consider setting content to be finished when theDOMContentLoaded
event is fired.networkidle0
- consider setting content to be finished when there are no more than 0 network connections for at least500
ms.networkidle2
- consider setting content to be finished when there are no more than 2 network connections for at least500
ms.
- returns: <Promise>
page.setCookie(...cookies)
await page.setCookie(cookieObject1, cookieObject2);
page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)
timeout
<number> Maximum navigation time in milliseconds
This setting will change the default maximum navigation time for the following methods and related shortcuts:
- page.goBack([options])
- page.goForward([options])
- page.goto(url[, options])
- page.reload([options])
- page.setContent(html[, options])
- page.waitForNavigation([options])
Note
page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout
takes priority overpage.setDefaultTimeout
page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)
timeout
<number> Maximum time in milliseconds
This setting will change the default maximum time for the following methods and related shortcuts:
- page.goBack([options])
- page.goForward([options])
- page.goto(url[, options])
- page.reload([options])
- page.setContent(html[, options])
- page.waitFor(selectorOrFunctionOrTimeout[, options[, ...args]])
- page.waitForFileChooser([options])
- page.waitForFunction(pageFunction[, options[, ...args]])
- page.waitForNavigation([options])
- page.waitForRequest(urlOrPredicate[, options])
- page.waitForResponse(urlOrPredicate[, options])
- page.waitForSelector(selector[, options])
- page.waitForXPath(xpath[, options])
Note
page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout
takes priority overpage.setDefaultTimeout
page.setExtraHTTPHeaders(headers)
headers
<Object> An object containing additional HTTP headers to be sent with every request. All header values must be strings.- returns: <Promise>
The extra HTTP headers will be sent with every request the page initiates.
Note
page.setExtraHTTPHeaders does not guarantee the order of headers in the outgoing requests.
page.setGeolocation(options)
Sets the page's geolocation.
await page.setGeolocation({latitude: 59.95, longitude: 30.31667});
Note
Consider using browserContext.overridePermissions to grant permissions for the page to read its geolocation.
page.setJavaScriptEnabled(enabled)
Note
changing this value won't affect scripts that have already been run. It will take full effect on the next navigation.
page.setOfflineMode(enabled)
page.setRequestInterception(value)
Activating request interception enables request.abort
, request.continue
and
request.respond
methods. This provides the capability to modify network requests that are made by a page.
Once request interception is enabled, every request will stall unless it's continued, responded or aborted. An example of a naïve request interceptor that aborts all image requests:
const playwright = require('playwright');
(async () => {
const browser = await playwright.launch();
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.setRequestInterception(true);
page.on('request', interceptedRequest => {
if (interceptedRequest.url().endsWith('.png') || interceptedRequest.url().endsWith('.jpg'))
interceptedRequest.abort();
else
interceptedRequest.continue();
});
await page.goto('https://example.com');
await browser.close();
})();
Note
Enabling request interception disables page caching.
page.setUserAgent(userAgent)
userAgent
<string> Specific user agent to use in this page- returns: <Promise> Promise which resolves when the user agent is set.
page.setViewport(viewport)
viewport
<Object>width
<number> page width in pixels. requiredheight
<number> page height in pixels. requireddeviceScaleFactor
<number> Specify device scale factor (can be thought of as dpr). Defaults to1
.isMobile
<boolean> Whether themeta viewport
tag is taken into account. Defaults tofalse
.hasTouch
<boolean> Specifies if viewport supports touch events. Defaults tofalse
isLandscape
<boolean> Specifies if viewport is in landscape mode. Defaults tofalse
.
- returns: <Promise>
Note
in certain cases, setting viewport will reload the page in order to set the
isMobile
orhasTouch
properties.
In the case of multiple pages in a single browser, each page can have its own viewport size.
page.setViewport
will resize the page. A lot of websites don't expect phones to change size, so you should set the viewport before navigating to the page.
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.setViewport({
width: 640,
height: 480,
deviceScaleFactor: 1,
});
await page.goto('https://example.com');
page.tap(selector[, options])
selector
<string> A selector to search for element to tap. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be tapped.options
<Object>relativePoint
<Object> A point to tap relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, taps some visible point of the element.modifiers
<Array<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the tap, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- returns: <Promise>
This method fetches an element with selector
, scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses page.touchscreen to tap in the center of the element.
If there's no element matching selector
, the method throws an error.
Shortcut for page.mainFrame().tap(selector).
page.target()
- returns: <Target> a target this page was created from.
page.title()
Shortcut for page.mainFrame().title().
page.touchscreen
- returns: <Touchscreen>
page.tracing
- returns: <Tracing>
page.tripleclick(selector[, options])
selector
<string> A selector to search for element to triple click. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be triple clicked.options
<Object>button
<"left"|"right"|"middle"> Defaults toleft
.delay
<number> Time to wait betweenmousedown
andmouseup
in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.relativePoint
<Object> A point to triple click relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, triple clicks to some visible point of the element.modifiers
<Array<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the triple click, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- returns: <Promise> Promise which resolves when the element matching
selector
is successfully triple clicked. The Promise will be rejected if there is no element matchingselector
.
This method fetches an element with selector
, scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses page.mouse to triple click in the center of the element.
If there's no element matching selector
, the method throws an error.
Bear in mind that if the first or second click of the tripleclick()
triggers a navigation event, there will be an exception.
Note
page.tripleclick()
dispatches threeclick
events and a singledblclick
event.
Shortcut for page.mainFrame().tripleclick(selector[, options]).
page.type(selector, text[, options])
selector
<string> A selector of an element to type into. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.text
<string> A text to type into a focused element.options
<Object>delay
<number> Time to wait between key presses in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.
- returns: <Promise>
Sends a keydown
, keypress
/input
, and keyup
event for each character in the text.
To press a special key, like Control
or ArrowDown
, use keyboard.press
.
await page.type('#mytextarea', 'Hello'); // Types instantly
await page.type('#mytextarea', 'World', {delay: 100}); // Types slower, like a user
Shortcut for page.mainFrame().type(selector, text[, options]).
page.url()
- returns: <string>
This is a shortcut for page.mainFrame().url()
page.viewport()
- returns: <?Object>
width
<number> page width in pixels.height
<number> page height in pixels.deviceScaleFactor
<number> Specify device scale factor (can be though of as dpr). Defaults to1
.isMobile
<boolean> Whether themeta viewport
tag is taken into account. Defaults tofalse
.hasTouch
<boolean> Specifies if viewport supports touch events. Defaults tofalse
isLandscape
<boolean> Specifies if viewport is in landscape mode. Defaults tofalse
.
page.waitFor(selectorOrFunctionOrTimeout[, options[, ...args]])
selectorOrFunctionOrTimeout
<string|number|function> A selector, predicate or timeout to wait foroptions
<Object> Optional waiting parametersvisible
<boolean> wait for element to be present in DOM and to be visible. Defaults tofalse
.timeout
<number> maximum time to wait for in milliseconds. Defaults to30000
(30 seconds). Pass0
to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout) method.hidden
<boolean> wait for element to not be found in the DOM or to be hidden. Defaults tofalse
.polling
<string|number> An interval at which thepageFunction
is executed, defaults toraf
. Ifpolling
is a number, then it is treated as an interval in milliseconds at which the function would be executed. Ifpolling
is a string, then it can be one of the following values:raf
- to constantly executepageFunction
inrequestAnimationFrame
callback. This is the tightest polling mode which is suitable to observe styling changes.mutation
- to executepageFunction
on every DOM mutation.
...args
<...Serializable|JSHandle> Arguments to pass topageFunction
- returns: <Promise<JSHandle>> Promise which resolves to a JSHandle of the success value
This method behaves differently with respect to the type of the first parameter:
- if
selectorOrFunctionOrTimeout
is astring
, then the first argument is treated as a selector or xpath, depending on whether or not it starts with '//', and the method is a shortcut for page.waitForSelector or page.waitForXPath - if
selectorOrFunctionOrTimeout
is afunction
, then the first argument is treated as a predicate to wait for and the method is a shortcut for page.waitForFunction(). - if
selectorOrFunctionOrTimeout
is anumber
, then the first argument is treated as a timeout in milliseconds and the method returns a promise which resolves after the timeout - otherwise, an exception is thrown
// wait for selector
await page.waitFor('.foo');
// wait for 1 second
await page.waitFor(1000);
// wait for predicate
await page.waitFor(() => !!document.querySelector('.foo'));
To pass arguments from node.js to the predicate of page.waitFor
function:
const selector = '.foo';
await page.waitFor(selector => !!document.querySelector(selector), {}, selector);
Shortcut for page.mainFrame().waitFor(selectorOrFunctionOrTimeout[, options[, ...args]]).
page.waitForFileChooser([options])
options
<Object> Optional waiting parameterstimeout
<number> Maximum wait time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass0
to disable the timeout. The default value can be changed by using the page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout) method.
- returns: <Promise<FileChooser>> A promise that resolves after a page requests a file picker.
Note
In non-headless Chromium, this method results in the native file picker dialog not showing up for the user.
This method is typically coupled with an action that triggers file choosing.
The following example clicks a button that issues a file chooser, and then
responds with /tmp/myfile.pdf
as if a user has selected this file.
const [fileChooser] = await Promise.all([
page.waitForFileChooser(),
page.click('#upload-file-button'), // some button that triggers file selection
]);
await fileChooser.accept(['/tmp/myfile.pdf']);
Note
This must be called before the file chooser is launched. It will not return a currently active file chooser.
page.waitForFunction(pageFunction[, options[, ...args]])
pageFunction
<function|string> Function to be evaluated in browser contextoptions
<Object> Optional waiting parameterspolling
<string|number> An interval at which thepageFunction
is executed, defaults toraf
. Ifpolling
is a number, then it is treated as an interval in milliseconds at which the function would be executed. Ifpolling
is a string, then it can be one of the following values:raf
- to constantly executepageFunction
inrequestAnimationFrame
callback. This is the tightest polling mode which is suitable to observe styling changes.mutation
- to executepageFunction
on every DOM mutation.
timeout
<number> maximum time to wait for in milliseconds. Defaults to30000
(30 seconds). Pass0
to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout) method.
...args
<...Serializable|JSHandle> Arguments to pass topageFunction
- returns: <Promise<JSHandle>> Promise which resolves when the
pageFunction
returns a truthy value. It resolves to a JSHandle of the truthy value.
The waitForFunction
can be used to observe viewport size change:
const playwright = require('playwright');
(async () => {
const browser = await playwright.launch();
const page = await browser.newPage();
const watchDog = page.waitForFunction('window.innerWidth < 100');
await page.setViewport({width: 50, height: 50});
await watchDog;
await browser.close();
})();
To pass arguments from node.js to the predicate of page.waitForFunction
function:
const selector = '.foo';
await page.waitForFunction(selector => !!document.querySelector(selector), {}, selector);
Shortcut for page.mainFrame().waitForFunction(pageFunction[, options[, ...args]]).
page.waitForNavigation([options])
options
<Object> Navigation parameters which might have the following properties:timeout
<number> Maximum navigation time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass0
to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout) or page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout) methods.waitUntil
<string|Array<string>> When to consider navigation succeeded, defaults toload
. Given an array of event strings, navigation is considered to be successful after all events have been fired. Events can be either:load
- consider navigation to be finished when theload
event is fired.domcontentloaded
- consider navigation to be finished when theDOMContentLoaded
event is fired.networkidle0
- consider navigation to be finished when there are no more than 0 network connections for at least500
ms.networkidle2
- consider navigation to be finished when there are no more than 2 network connections for at least500
ms.
- returns: <Promise<?Response>> Promise which resolves to the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect. In case of navigation to a different anchor or navigation due to History API usage, the navigation will resolve with
null
.
This resolves when the page navigates to a new URL or reloads. It is useful for when you run code which will indirectly cause the page to navigate. Consider this example:
const [response] = await Promise.all([
page.waitForNavigation(), // The promise resolves after navigation has finished
page.click('a.my-link'), // Clicking the link will indirectly cause a navigation
]);
NOTE Usage of the History API to change the URL is considered a navigation.
Shortcut for page.mainFrame().waitForNavigation(options).
page.waitForRequest(urlOrPredicate[, options])
urlOrPredicate
<string|Function> A URL or predicate to wait for.options
<Object> Optional waiting parameterstimeout
<number> Maximum wait time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass0
to disable the timeout. The default value can be changed by using the page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout) method.
- returns: <Promise<Request>> Promise which resolves to the matched request.
const firstRequest = await page.waitForRequest('http://example.com/resource');
const finalRequest = await page.waitForRequest(request => request.url() === 'http://example.com' && request.method() === 'GET');
return firstRequest.url();
page.waitForResponse(urlOrPredicate[, options])
urlOrPredicate
<string|Function> A URL or predicate to wait for.options
<Object> Optional waiting parameterstimeout
<number> Maximum wait time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass0
to disable the timeout. The default value can be changed by using the page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout) method.
- returns: <Promise<Response>> Promise which resolves to the matched response.
const firstResponse = await page.waitForResponse('https://example.com/resource');
const finalResponse = await page.waitForResponse(response => response.url() === 'https://example.com' && response.status() === 200);
return finalResponse.ok();
page.waitForSelector(selector[, options])
selector
<string> A selector of an element to wait foroptions
<Object> Optional waiting parametersvisible
<boolean> wait for element to be present in DOM and to be visible, i.e. to not havedisplay: none
orvisibility: hidden
CSS properties. Defaults tofalse
.hidden
<boolean> wait for element to not be found in the DOM or to be hidden, i.e. havedisplay: none
orvisibility: hidden
CSS properties. Defaults tofalse
.timeout
<number> maximum time to wait for in milliseconds. Defaults to30000
(30 seconds). Pass0
to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout) method.
- returns: <Promise<?ElementHandle>> Promise which resolves when element specified by selector string is added to DOM. Resolves to
null
if waiting forhidden: true
and selector is not found in DOM.
Wait for the selector
to appear in page. If at the moment of calling
the method the selector
already exists, the method will return
immediately. If the selector doesn't appear after the timeout
milliseconds of waiting, the function will throw.
This method works across navigations:
const playwright = require('playwright');
(async () => {
const browser = await playwright.launch();
const page = await browser.newPage();
let currentURL;
page
.waitForSelector('img')
.then(() => console.log('First URL with image: ' + currentURL));
for (currentURL of ['https://example.com', 'https://google.com', 'https://bbc.com']) {
await page.goto(currentURL);
}
await browser.close();
})();
Shortcut for page.mainFrame().waitForSelector(selector[, options]).
page.waitForXPath(xpath[, options])
xpath
<string> A xpath of an element to wait foroptions
<Object> Optional waiting parametersvisible
<boolean> wait for element to be present in DOM and to be visible, i.e. to not havedisplay: none
orvisibility: hidden
CSS properties. Defaults tofalse
.hidden
<boolean> wait for element to not be found in the DOM or to be hidden, i.e. havedisplay: none
orvisibility: hidden
CSS properties. Defaults tofalse
.timeout
<number> maximum time to wait for in milliseconds. Defaults to30000
(30 seconds). Pass0
to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout) method.
- returns: <Promise<?ElementHandle>> Promise which resolves when element specified by xpath string is added to DOM. Resolves to
null
if waiting forhidden: true
and xpath is not found in DOM.
Wait for the xpath
to appear in page. If at the moment of calling
the method the xpath
already exists, the method will return
immediately. If the xpath doesn't appear after the timeout
milliseconds of waiting, the function will throw.
This method works across navigations:
const playwright = require('playwright');
(async () => {
const browser = await playwright.launch();
const page = await browser.newPage();
let currentURL;
page
.waitForXPath('//img')
.then(() => console.log('First URL with image: ' + currentURL));
for (currentURL of ['https://example.com', 'https://google.com', 'https://bbc.com']) {
await page.goto(currentURL);
}
await browser.close();
})();
Shortcut for page.mainFrame().waitForXPath(xpath[, options]).
page.workers()
- returns: <Array<Worker>> This method returns all of the dedicated WebWorkers associated with the page.
Note
This does not contain ServiceWorkers
class: Worker
The Worker class represents a WebWorker.
The events workercreated
and workerdestroyed
are emitted on the page object to signal the worker lifecycle.
page.on('workercreated', worker => console.log('Worker created: ' + worker.url()));
page.on('workerdestroyed', worker => console.log('Worker destroyed: ' + worker.url()));
console.log('Current workers:');
for (const worker of page.workers())
console.log(' ' + worker.url());
worker.evaluate(pageFunction[, ...args])
pageFunction
<function|string> Function to be evaluated in the worker context...args
<...Serializable|JSHandle> Arguments to pass topageFunction
- returns: <Promise<Serializable>> Promise which resolves to the return value of
pageFunction
If the function passed to the worker.evaluate
returns a Promise, then worker.evaluate
would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
If the function passed to the worker.evaluate
returns a non-Serializable value, then worker.evaluate
resolves to undefined
. DevTools Protocol also supports transferring some additional values that are not serializable by JSON
: -0
, NaN
, Infinity
, -Infinity
, and bigint literals.
Shortcut for (await worker.executionContext()).evaluate(pageFunction, ...args).
worker.evaluateHandle(pageFunction[, ...args])
pageFunction
<function|string> Function to be evaluated in the page context...args
<...Serializable|JSHandle> Arguments to pass topageFunction
- returns: <Promise<JSHandle>> Promise which resolves to the return value of
pageFunction
as in-page object (JSHandle)
The only difference between worker.evaluate
and worker.evaluateHandle
is that worker.evaluateHandle
returns in-page object (JSHandle).
If the function passed to the worker.evaluateHandle
returns a Promise, then worker.evaluateHandle
would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
Shortcut for (await worker.executionContext()).evaluateHandle(pageFunction, ...args).
worker.executionContext()
- returns: <Promise<ExecutionContext>>
worker.url()
- returns: <string>
class: Accessibility
The Accessibility class provides methods for inspecting Chromium's accessibility tree. The accessibility tree is used by assistive technology such as screen readers or switches.
Accessibility is a very platform-specific thing. On different platforms, there are different screen readers that might have wildly different output.
Blink - Chrome's rendering engine - has a concept of "accessibility tree", which is then translated into different platform-specific APIs. Accessibility namespace gives users access to the Blink Accessibility Tree.
Most of the accessibility tree gets filtered out when converting from Blink AX Tree to Platform-specific AX-Tree or by assistive technologies themselves. By default, Playwright tries to approximate this filtering, exposing only the "interesting" nodes of the tree.
accessibility.snapshot([options])
options
<Object>interestingOnly
<boolean> Prune uninteresting nodes from the tree. Defaults totrue
.root
<ElementHandle> The root DOM element for the snapshot. Defaults to the whole page.
- returns: <Promise<Object>> An AXNode object with the following properties:
role
<string> The role.name
<string> A human readable name for the node.value
<string|number> The current value of the node.description
<string> An additional human readable description of the node.keyshortcuts
<string> Keyboard shortcuts associated with this node.roledescription
<string> A human readable alternative to the role.valuetext
<string> A description of the current value.disabled
<boolean> Whether the node is disabled.expanded
<boolean> Whether the node is expanded or collapsed.focused
<boolean> Whether the node is focused.modal
<boolean> Whether the node is modal.multiline
<boolean> Whether the node text input supports multiline.multiselectable
<boolean> Whether more than one child can be selected.readonly
<boolean> Whether the node is read only.required
<boolean> Whether the node is required.selected
<boolean> Whether the node is selected in its parent node.checked
<boolean|"mixed"> Whether the checkbox is checked, or "mixed".pressed
<boolean|"mixed"> Whether the toggle button is checked, or "mixed".level
<number> The level of a heading.valuemin
<number> The minimum value in a node.valuemax
<number> The maximum value in a node.autocomplete
<string> What kind of autocomplete is supported by a control.haspopup
<string> What kind of popup is currently being shown for a node.invalid
<string> Whether and in what way this node's value is invalid.orientation
<string> Whether the node is oriented horizontally or vertically.children
<Array<Object>> Child AXNodes of this node, if any.
Captures the current state of the accessibility tree. The returned object represents the root accessible node of the page.
Note
The Chromium accessibility tree contains nodes that go unused on most platforms and by most screen readers. Playwright will discard them as well for an easier to process tree, unless
interestingOnly
is set tofalse
.
An example of dumping the entire accessibility tree:
const snapshot = await page.accessibility.snapshot();
console.log(snapshot);
An example of logging the focused node's name:
const snapshot = await page.accessibility.snapshot();
const node = findFocusedNode(snapshot);
console.log(node && node.name);
function findFocusedNode(node) {
if (node.focused)
return node;
for (const child of node.children || []) {
const foundNode = findFocusedNode(child);
return foundNode;
}
return null;
}
class: Keyboard
Keyboard provides an api for managing a virtual keyboard. The high level api is keyboard.type
, which takes raw characters and generates proper keydown, keypress/input, and keyup events on your page.
For finer control, you can use keyboard.down
, keyboard.up
, and keyboard.sendCharacter
to manually fire events as if they were generated from a real keyboard.
An example of holding down Shift
in order to select and delete some text:
await page.keyboard.type('Hello World!');
await page.keyboard.press('ArrowLeft');
await page.keyboard.down('Shift');
for (let i = 0; i < ' World'.length; i++)
await page.keyboard.press('ArrowLeft');
await page.keyboard.up('Shift');
await page.keyboard.press('Backspace');
// Result text will end up saying 'Hello!'
An example of pressing A
await page.keyboard.down('Shift');
await page.keyboard.press('KeyA');
await page.keyboard.up('Shift');
Note
On MacOS, keyboard shortcuts like
⌘ A
-> Select All do not work. See #1313
keyboard.down(key[, options])
key
<string> Name of key to press, such asArrowLeft
. See USKeyboardLayout for a list of all key names.options
<Object>text
<string> If specified, generates an input event with this text.
- returns: <Promise>
Dispatches a keydown
event.
If key
is a single character and no modifier keys besides Shift
are being held down, a keypress
/input
event will also generated. The text
option can be specified to force an input event to be generated.
If key
is a modifier key, Shift
, Meta
, Control
, or Alt
, subsequent key presses will be sent with that modifier active. To release the modifier key, use keyboard.up
.
After the key is pressed once, subsequent calls to keyboard.down
will have repeat set to true. To release the key, use keyboard.up
.
Note
Modifier keys DO influence
keyboard.down
. Holding downShift
will type the text in upper case.
keyboard.press(key[, options])
key
<string> Name of key to press, such asArrowLeft
. See USKeyboardLayout for a list of all key names.options
<Object>- returns: <Promise>
If key
is a single character and no modifier keys besides Shift
are being held down, a keypress
/input
event will also generated. The text
option can be specified to force an input event to be generated.
Note
Modifier keys DO effect
keyboard.press
. Holding downShift
will type the text in upper case.
Shortcut for keyboard.down
and keyboard.up
.
keyboard.sendCharacter(char)
Dispatches a keypress
and input
event. This does not send a keydown
or keyup
event.
page.keyboard.sendCharacter('嗨');
Note
Modifier keys DO NOT effect
keyboard.sendCharacter
. Holding downShift
will not type the text in upper case.
keyboard.type(text[, options])
text
<string> A text to type into a focused element.options
<Object>delay
<number> Time to wait between key presses in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.
- returns: <Promise>
Sends a keydown
, keypress
/input
, and keyup
event for each character in the text.
To press a special key, like Control
or ArrowDown
, use keyboard.press
.
await page.keyboard.type('Hello'); // Types instantly
await page.keyboard.type('World', {delay: 100}); // Types slower, like a user
Note
Modifier keys DO NOT effect
keyboard.type
. Holding downShift
will not type the text in upper case.
keyboard.up(key)
key
<string> Name of key to release, such asArrowLeft
. See USKeyboardLayout for a list of all key names.- returns: <Promise>
Dispatches a keyup
event.
class: Mouse
The Mouse class operates in main-frame CSS pixels relative to the top-left corner of the viewport.
Every page
object has its own Mouse, accessible with page.mouse
.
// Using ‘page.mouse’ to trace a 100x100 square.
await page.mouse.move(0, 0);
await page.mouse.down();
await page.mouse.move(0, 100);
await page.mouse.move(100, 100);
await page.mouse.move(100, 0);
await page.mouse.move(0, 0);
await page.mouse.up();
mouse.click(x, y[, options])
x
<number>y
<number>options
<Object>button
<"left"|"right"|"middle"> Defaults toleft
.clickCount
<number> defaults to 1. See UIEvent.detail.delay
<number> Time to wait betweenmousedown
andmouseup
in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.
- returns: <Promise>
Shortcut for mouse.move
, mouse.down
and mouse.up
.
mouse.dblclick(x, y[, options])
x
<number>y
<number>options
<Object>button
<"left"|"right"|"middle"> Defaults toleft
.delay
<number> Time to wait betweenmousedown
andmouseup
in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.
- returns: <Promise>
Shortcut for mouse.move
, mouse.down
, mouse.up
, mouse.down
and mouse.up
.
mouse.down([options])
options
<Object>button
<"left"|"right"|"middle"> Defaults toleft
.clickCount
<number> defaults to 1. See UIEvent.detail.
- returns: <Promise>
Dispatches a mousedown
event.
mouse.move(x, y[, options])
x
<number>y
<number>options
<Object>steps
<number> defaults to 1. Sends intermediatemousemove
events.
- returns: <Promise>
Dispatches a mousemove
event.
mouse.tripleclick(x, y[, options])
x
<number>y
<number>options
<Object>button
<"left"|"right"|"middle"> Defaults toleft
.delay
<number> Time to wait betweenmousedown
andmouseup
in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.
- returns: <Promise>
Shortcut for mouse.move
, mouse.down
, mouse.up
, mouse.down
, mouse.up
, mouse.down
and mouse.up
.
mouse.up([options])
options
<Object>button
<"left"|"right"|"middle"> Defaults toleft
.clickCount
<number> defaults to 1. See UIEvent.detail.
- returns: <Promise>
Dispatches a mouseup
event.
class: PDF
pdf.generate([options])
options
<Object> Options object which might have the following properties:path
<string> The file path to save the PDF to. Ifpath
is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to current working directory. If no path is provided, the PDF won't be saved to the disk.scale
<number> Scale of the webpage rendering. Defaults to1
. Scale amount must be between 0.1 and 2.displayHeaderFooter
<boolean> Display header and footer. Defaults tofalse
.headerTemplate
<string> HTML template for the print header. Should be valid HTML markup with following classes used to inject printing values into them:date
formatted print datetitle
document titleurl
document locationpageNumber
current page numbertotalPages
total pages in the document
footerTemplate
<string> HTML template for the print footer. Should use the same format as theheaderTemplate
.printBackground
<boolean> Print background graphics. Defaults tofalse
.landscape
<boolean> Paper orientation. Defaults tofalse
.pageRanges
<string> Paper ranges to print, e.g., '1-5, 8, 11-13'. Defaults to the empty string, which means print all pages.format
<string> Paper format. If set, takes priority overwidth
orheight
options. Defaults to 'Letter'.width
<string|number> Paper width, accepts values labeled with units.height
<string|number> Paper height, accepts values labeled with units.margin
<Object> Paper margins, defaults to none.preferCSSPageSize
<boolean> Give any CSS@page
size declared in the page priority over what is declared inwidth
andheight
orformat
options. Defaults tofalse
, which will scale the content to fit the paper size.
- returns: <Promise<Buffer>> Promise which resolves with PDF buffer.
Note
Generating a pdf is currently only supported in Chrome headless.
page.pdf()
generates a pdf of the page with print
css media. To generate a pdf with screen
media, call page.emulateMedia('screen') before calling page.pdf()
:
Note
By default,
page.pdf()
generates a pdf with modified colors for printing. Use the-webkit-print-color-adjust
property to force rendering of exact colors.
// Generates a PDF with 'screen' media type.
await page.emulateMedia('screen');
await page.pdf({path: 'page.pdf'});
The width
, height
, and margin
options accept values labeled with units. Unlabeled values are treated as pixels.
A few examples:
page.pdf({width: 100})
- prints with width set to 100 pixelspage.pdf({width: '100px'})
- prints with width set to 100 pixelspage.pdf({width: '10cm'})
- prints with width set to 10 centimeters.
All possible units are:
px
- pixelin
- inchcm
- centimetermm
- millimeter
The format
options are:
Letter
: 8.5in x 11inLegal
: 8.5in x 14inTabloid
: 11in x 17inLedger
: 17in x 11inA0
: 33.1in x 46.8inA1
: 23.4in x 33.1inA2
: 16.54in x 23.4inA3
: 11.7in x 16.54inA4
: 8.27in x 11.7inA5
: 5.83in x 8.27inA6
: 4.13in x 5.83in
Note
headerTemplate
andfooterTemplate
markup have the following limitations:
- Script tags inside templates are not evaluated.
- Page styles are not visible inside templates.
class: Touchscreen
touchscreen.tap(x, y)
Dispatches a touchstart
and touchend
event.
class: Tracing
You can use tracing.start
and tracing.stop
to create a trace file which can be opened in Chrome DevTools or timeline viewer.
await page.tracing.start({path: 'trace.json'});
await page.goto('https://www.google.com');
await page.tracing.stop();
tracing.start([options])
Only one trace can be active at a time per browser.
tracing.stop()
class: FileChooser
FileChooser objects are returned via the 'page.waitForFileChooser' method.
File choosers let you react to the page requesting for a file.
An example of using FileChooser:
const [fileChooser] = await Promise.all([
page.waitForFileChooser(),
page.click('#upload-file-button'), // some button that triggers file selection
]);
await fileChooser.accept(['/tmp/myfile.pdf']);
Note
In browsers, only one file chooser can be opened at a time. All file choosers must be accepted or canceled. Not doing so will prevent subsequent file choosers from appearing.
fileChooser.accept(filePaths)
filePaths
<Array<string>> Accept the file chooser request with given paths. If some of thefilePaths
are relative paths, then they are resolved relative to the current working directory.- returns: <Promise>
fileChooser.cancel()
- returns: <Promise>
Closes the file chooser without selecting any files.
fileChooser.isMultiple()
class: Dialog
Dialog objects are dispatched by page via the 'dialog' event.
An example of using Dialog
class:
const playwright = require('playwright');
(async () => {
const browser = await playwright.launch();
const page = await browser.newPage();
page.on('dialog', async dialog => {
console.log(dialog.message());
await dialog.dismiss();
await browser.close();
});
page.evaluate(() => alert('1'));
})();
dialog.accept([promptText])
promptText
<string> A text to enter in prompt. Does not cause any effects if the dialog'stype
is not prompt.- returns: <Promise> Promise which resolves when the dialog has been accepted.
dialog.defaultValue()
- returns: <string> If dialog is prompt, returns default prompt value. Otherwise, returns empty string.
dialog.dismiss()
- returns: <Promise> Promise which resolves when the dialog has been dismissed.
dialog.message()
- returns: <string> A message displayed in the dialog.
dialog.type()
- returns: <string> Dialog's type, can be one of
alert
,beforeunload
,confirm
orprompt
.
class: ConsoleMessage
ConsoleMessage objects are dispatched by page via the 'console' event.
consoleMessage.args()
consoleMessage.location()
- returns: <Object>
consoleMessage.text()
- returns: <string>
consoleMessage.type()
- returns: <string>
One of the following values: 'log'
, 'debug'
, 'info'
, 'error'
, 'warning'
, 'dir'
, 'dirxml'
, 'table'
, 'trace'
, 'clear'
, 'startGroup'
, 'startGroupCollapsed'
, 'endGroup'
, 'assert'
, 'profile'
, 'profileEnd'
, 'count'
, 'timeEnd'
.
class: Frame
At every point of time, page exposes its current frame tree via the page.mainFrame() and frame.childFrames() methods.
Frame object's lifecycle is controlled by three events, dispatched on the page object:
- 'frameattached' - fired when the frame gets attached to the page. A Frame can be attached to the page only once.
- 'framenavigated' - fired when the frame commits navigation to a different URL.
- 'framedetached' - fired when the frame gets detached from the page. A Frame can be detached from the page only once.
An example of dumping frame tree:
const playwright = require('playwright');
(async () => {
const browser = await playwright.launch();
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto('https://www.google.com/chrome/browser/canary.html');
dumpFrameTree(page.mainFrame(), '');
await browser.close();
function dumpFrameTree(frame, indent) {
console.log(indent + frame.url());
for (const child of frame.childFrames()) {
dumpFrameTree(child, indent + ' ');
}
}
})();
An example of getting text from an iframe element:
const frame = page.frames().find(frame => frame.name() === 'myframe');
const text = await frame.$eval('.selector', element => element.textContent);
console.log(text);
frame.$(selector)
selector
<string> A selector to query frame for- returns: <Promise<?ElementHandle>> Promise which resolves to ElementHandle pointing to the frame element.
The method queries frame for the selector. If there's no such element within the frame, the method will resolve to null
.
frame.$$(selector)
selector
<string> A selector to query frame for- returns: <Promise<Array<ElementHandle>>> Promise which resolves to ElementHandles pointing to the frame elements.
The method runs document.querySelectorAll
within the frame. If no elements match the selector, the return value resolves to []
.
frame.$$eval(selector, pageFunction[, ...args])
selector
<string> A selector to query frame forpageFunction
<function(Array<Element>)> Function to be evaluated in browser context...args
<...Serializable|JSHandle> Arguments to pass topageFunction
- returns: <Promise<Serializable>> Promise which resolves to the return value of
pageFunction
This method runs Array.from(document.querySelectorAll(selector))
within the frame and passes it as the first argument to pageFunction
.
If pageFunction
returns a Promise, then frame.$$eval
would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
Examples:
const divsCounts = await frame.$$eval('div', divs => divs.length);
frame.$eval(selector, pageFunction[, ...args])
selector
<string> A selector to query frame forpageFunction
<function(Element)> Function to be evaluated in browser context...args
<...Serializable|JSHandle> Arguments to pass topageFunction
- returns: <Promise<Serializable>> Promise which resolves to the return value of
pageFunction
This method runs document.querySelector
within the frame and passes it as the first argument to pageFunction
. If there's no element matching selector
, the method throws an error.
If pageFunction
returns a Promise, then frame.$eval
would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
Examples:
const searchValue = await frame.$eval('#search', el => el.value);
const preloadHref = await frame.$eval('link[rel=preload]', el => el.href);
const html = await frame.$eval('.main-container', e => e.outerHTML);
frame.$x(expression)
expression
<string> Expression to evaluate.- returns: <Promise<Array<ElementHandle>>>
The method evaluates the XPath expression.
frame.addScriptTag(options)
options
<Object>url
<string> URL of a script to be added.path
<string> Path to the JavaScript file to be injected into frame. Ifpath
is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to current working directory.content
<string> Raw JavaScript content to be injected into frame.type
<string> Script type. Use 'module' in order to load a Javascript ES6 module. See script for more details.
- returns: <Promise<ElementHandle>> which resolves to the added tag when the script's onload fires or when the script content was injected into frame.
Adds a <script>
tag into the page with the desired url or content.
frame.addStyleTag(options)
options
<Object>url
<string> URL of the<link>
tag.path
<string> Path to the CSS file to be injected into frame. Ifpath
is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to current working directory.content
<string> Raw CSS content to be injected into frame.
- returns: <Promise<ElementHandle>> which resolves to the added tag when the stylesheet's onload fires or when the CSS content was injected into frame.
Adds a <link rel="stylesheet">
tag into the page with the desired url or a <style type="text/css">
tag with the content.
frame.childFrames()
frame.click(selector[, options])
selector
<string> A selector to search for element to click. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be clicked.options
<Object>button
<"left"|"right"|"middle"> Defaults toleft
.clickCount
<number> defaults to 1. See UIEvent.detail.delay
<number> Time to wait betweenmousedown
andmouseup
in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.relativePoint
<Object> A point to click relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, clicks to some visible point of the element.modifiers
<Array<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the click, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- returns: <Promise> Promise which resolves when the element matching
selector
is successfully clicked. The Promise will be rejected if there is no element matchingselector
.
This method fetches an element with selector
, scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses page.mouse to click in the center of the element.
If there's no element matching selector
, the method throws an error.
Bear in mind that if click()
triggers a navigation event and there's a separate page.waitForNavigation()
promise to be resolved, you may end up with a race condition that yields unexpected results. The correct pattern for click and wait for navigation is the following:
const [response] = await Promise.all([
page.waitForNavigation(waitOptions),
frame.click(selector, clickOptions),
]);
frame.content()
Gets the full HTML contents of the frame, including the doctype.
frame.dblclick(selector[, options])
selector
<string> A selector to search for element to double click. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be double clicked.options
<Object>button
<"left"|"right"|"middle"> Defaults toleft
.delay
<number> Time to wait betweenmousedown
andmouseup
in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.relativePoint
<Object> A point to double click relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, double clicks to some visible point of the element.modifiers
<Array<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the double click, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- returns: <Promise> Promise which resolves when the element matching
selector
is successfully double clicked. The Promise will be rejected if there is no element matchingselector
.
This method fetches an element with selector
, scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses page.mouse to double click in the center of the element.
If there's no element matching selector
, the method throws an error.
Bear in mind that if the first click of the dblclick()
triggers a navigation event, there will be an exception.
Note
frame.dblclick()
dispatches twoclick
events and a singledblclick
event.
frame.evaluate(pageFunction[, ...args])
pageFunction
<function|string> Function to be evaluated in browser context...args
<...Serializable|JSHandle> Arguments to pass topageFunction
- returns: <Promise<Serializable>> Promise which resolves to the return value of
pageFunction
If the function passed to the frame.evaluate
returns a Promise, then frame.evaluate
would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
If the function passed to the frame.evaluate
returns a non-Serializable value, then frame.evaluate
resolves to undefined
. DevTools Protocol also supports transferring some additional values that are not serializable by JSON
: -0
, NaN
, Infinity
, -Infinity
, and bigint literals.
const result = await frame.evaluate(() => {
return Promise.resolve(8 * 7);
});
console.log(result); // prints "56"
A string can also be passed in instead of a function.
console.log(await frame.evaluate('1 + 2')); // prints "3"
ElementHandle instances can be passed as arguments to the frame.evaluate
:
const bodyHandle = await frame.$('body');
const html = await frame.evaluate(body => body.innerHTML, bodyHandle);
await bodyHandle.dispose();
frame.evaluateHandle(pageFunction[, ...args])
pageFunction
<function|string> Function to be evaluated in the page context...args
<...Serializable|JSHandle> Arguments to pass topageFunction
- returns: <Promise<JSHandle>> Promise which resolves to the return value of
pageFunction
as in-page object (JSHandle)
The only difference between frame.evaluate
and frame.evaluateHandle
is that frame.evaluateHandle
returns in-page object (JSHandle).
If the function, passed to the frame.evaluateHandle
, returns a Promise, then frame.evaluateHandle
would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
const aWindowHandle = await frame.evaluateHandle(() => Promise.resolve(window));
aWindowHandle; // Handle for the window object.
A string can also be passed in instead of a function.
const aHandle = await frame.evaluateHandle('document'); // Handle for the 'document'.
JSHandle instances can be passed as arguments to the frame.evaluateHandle
:
const aHandle = await frame.evaluateHandle(() => document.body);
const resultHandle = await frame.evaluateHandle(body => body.innerHTML, aHandle);
console.log(await resultHandle.jsonValue());
await resultHandle.dispose();
frame.executionContext()
- returns: <Promise<ExecutionContext>>
Returns promise that resolves to the frame's default execution context.
frame.fill(selector, value)
selector
<string> A selector to query page for.value
<string> Value to fill for the<input>
,<textarea>
or[contenteditable]
element.- returns: <Promise> Promise which resolves when the element matching
selector
is successfully filled. The promise will be rejected if there is no element matchingselector
.
This method focuses the element and triggers an input
event after filling.
If there's no text <input>
, <textarea>
or [contenteditable]
element matching selector
, the method throws an error.
frame.focus(selector)
selector
<string> A selector of an element to focus. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be focused.- returns: <Promise> Promise which resolves when the element matching
selector
is successfully focused. The promise will be rejected if there is no element matchingselector
.
This method fetches an element with selector
and focuses it.
If there's no element matching selector
, the method throws an error.
frame.goto(url[, options])
url
<string> URL to navigate frame to. The url should include scheme, e.g.https://
.options
<Object> Navigation parameters which might have the following properties:timeout
<number> Maximum navigation time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass0
to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout) or page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout) methods.waitUntil
<string|Array<string>> When to consider navigation succeeded, defaults toload
. Given an array of event strings, navigation is considered to be successful after all events have been fired. Events can be either:load
- consider navigation to be finished when theload
event is fired.domcontentloaded
- consider navigation to be finished when theDOMContentLoaded
event is fired.networkidle0
- consider navigation to be finished when there are no more than 0 network connections for at least500
ms.networkidle2
- consider navigation to be finished when there are no more than 2 network connections for at least500
ms.
referer
<string> Referer header value. If provided it will take preference over the referer header value set by page.setExtraHTTPHeaders().
- returns: <Promise<?Response>> Promise which resolves to the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect.
frame.goto
will throw an error if:
- there's an SSL error (e.g. in case of self-signed certificates).
- target URL is invalid.
- the
timeout
is exceeded during navigation. - the remote server does not respond or is unreachable.
- the main resource failed to load.
frame.goto
will not throw an error when any valid HTTP status code is returned by the remote server, including 404 "Not Found" and 500 "Internal Server Error". The status code for such responses can be retrieved by calling response.status().
Note
frame.goto
either throws an error or returns a main resource response. The only exceptions are navigation toabout:blank
or navigation to the same URL with a different hash, which would succeed and returnnull
.
Note
Headless mode doesn't support navigation to a PDF document. See the upstream issue.
frame.hover(selector[, options])
selector
<string> A selector to search for element to hover. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be hovered.options
<Object>relativePoint
<Object> A point to hover relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, hovers over some visible point of the element.modifiers
<Array<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the hover, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- returns: <Promise> Promise which resolves when the element matching
selector
is successfully hovered. Promise gets rejected if there's no element matchingselector
.
This method fetches an element with selector
, scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses page.mouse to hover over the center of the element.
If there's no element matching selector
, the method throws an error.
frame.isDetached()
- returns: <boolean>
Returns true
if the frame has been detached, or false
otherwise.
frame.name()
- returns: <string>
Returns frame's name attribute as specified in the tag.
If the name is empty, returns the id attribute instead.
Note
This value is calculated once when the frame is created, and will not update if the attribute is changed later.
frame.parentFrame()
- returns: <?Frame> Parent frame, if any. Detached frames and main frames return
null
.
frame.select(selector, ...values)
selector
<string> A selector to query frame for...values
<...string> Values of options to select. If the<select>
has themultiple
attribute, all values are considered, otherwise only the first one is taken into account.- returns: <Promise<Array<string>>> An array of option values that have been successfully selected.
Triggers a change
and input
event once all the provided options have been selected.
If there's no <select>
element matching selector
, the method throws an error.
frame.select('select#colors', 'blue'); // single selection
frame.select('select#colors', 'red', 'green', 'blue'); // multiple selections
frame.setContent(html[, options])
html
<string> HTML markup to assign to the page.options
<Object> Parameters which might have the following properties:timeout
<number> Maximum time in milliseconds for resources to load, defaults to 30 seconds, pass0
to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout) or page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout) methods.waitUntil
<string|Array<string>> When to consider setting markup succeeded, defaults toload
. Given an array of event strings, setting content is considered to be successful after all events have been fired. Events can be either:load
- consider setting content to be finished when theload
event is fired.domcontentloaded
- consider setting content to be finished when theDOMContentLoaded
event is fired.networkidle0
- consider setting content to be finished when there are no more than 0 network connections for at least500
ms.networkidle2
- consider setting content to be finished when there are no more than 2 network connections for at least500
ms.
- returns: <Promise>
frame.tap(selector[, options])
selector
<string> A selector to search for element to tap. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be tapped.options
<Object>relativePoint
<Object> A point to tap relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, taps some visible point of the element.modifiers
<Array<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the tap, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- returns: <Promise>
This method fetches an element with selector
, scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses page.touchscreen to tap in the center of the element.
If there's no element matching selector
, the method throws an error.
frame.title()
frame.tripleclick(selector[, options])
selector
<string> A selector to search for element to triple click. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be triple clicked.options
<Object>button
<"left"|"right"|"middle"> Defaults toleft
.delay
<number> Time to wait betweenmousedown
andmouseup
in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.relativePoint
<Object> A point to triple click relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, triple clicks to some visible point of the element.modifiers
<Array<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the triple click, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- returns: <Promise> Promise which resolves when the element matching
selector
is successfully triple clicked. The Promise will be rejected if there is no element matchingselector
.
This method fetches an element with selector
, scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses page.mouse to triple click in the center of the element.
If there's no element matching selector
, the method throws an error.
Bear in mind that if the first or second click of the tripleclick()
triggers a navigation event, there will be an exception.
Note
frame.tripleclick()
dispatches threeclick
events and a singledblclick
event.
frame.type(selector, text[, options])
selector
<string> A selector of an element to type into. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.text
<string> A text to type into a focused element.options
<Object>delay
<number> Time to wait between key presses in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.
- returns: <Promise>
Sends a keydown
, keypress
/input
, and keyup
event for each character in the text.
To press a special key, like Control
or ArrowDown
, use keyboard.press
.
await frame.type('#mytextarea', 'Hello'); // Types instantly
await frame.type('#mytextarea', 'World', {delay: 100}); // Types slower, like a user
frame.url()
- returns: <string>
Returns frame's url.
frame.waitFor(selectorOrFunctionOrTimeout[, options[, ...args]])
selectorOrFunctionOrTimeout
<string|number|function> A selector, predicate or timeout to wait foroptions
<Object> Optional waiting parameters...args
<...Serializable|JSHandle> Arguments to pass topageFunction
- returns: <Promise<JSHandle>> Promise which resolves to a JSHandle of the success value
This method behaves differently with respect to the type of the first parameter:
- if
selectorOrFunctionOrTimeout
is astring
, then the first argument is treated as a selector or xpath, depending on whether or not it starts with '//', and the method is a shortcut for frame.waitForSelector or frame.waitForXPath - if
selectorOrFunctionOrTimeout
is afunction
, then the first argument is treated as a predicate to wait for and the method is a shortcut for frame.waitForFunction(). - if
selectorOrFunctionOrTimeout
is anumber
, then the first argument is treated as a timeout in milliseconds and the method returns a promise which resolves after the timeout - otherwise, an exception is thrown
// wait for selector
await page.waitFor('.foo');
// wait for 1 second
await page.waitFor(1000);
// wait for predicate
await page.waitFor(() => !!document.querySelector('.foo'));
To pass arguments from node.js to the predicate of page.waitFor
function:
const selector = '.foo';
await page.waitFor(selector => !!document.querySelector(selector), {}, selector);
frame.waitForFunction(pageFunction[, options[, ...args]])
pageFunction
<function|string> Function to be evaluated in browser contextoptions
<Object> Optional waiting parameterspolling
<string|number> An interval at which thepageFunction
is executed, defaults toraf
. Ifpolling
is a number, then it is treated as an interval in milliseconds at which the function would be executed. Ifpolling
is a string, then it can be one of the following values:raf
- to constantly executepageFunction
inrequestAnimationFrame
callback. This is the tightest polling mode which is suitable to observe styling changes.mutation
- to executepageFunction
on every DOM mutation.
timeout
<number> maximum time to wait for in milliseconds. Defaults to30000
(30 seconds). Pass0
to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout) method.
...args
<...Serializable|JSHandle> Arguments to pass topageFunction
- returns: <Promise<JSHandle>> Promise which resolves when the
pageFunction
returns a truthy value. It resolves to a JSHandle of the truthy value.
The waitForFunction
can be used to observe viewport size change:
const playwright = require('playwright');
(async () => {
const browser = await playwright.launch();
const page = await browser.newPage();
const watchDog = page.mainFrame().waitForFunction('window.innerWidth < 100');
page.setViewport({width: 50, height: 50});
await watchDog;
await browser.close();
})();
To pass arguments from node.js to the predicate of page.waitForFunction
function:
const selector = '.foo';
await page.waitForFunction(selector => !!document.querySelector(selector), {}, selector);
frame.waitForNavigation([options])
options
<Object> Navigation parameters which might have the following properties:timeout
<number> Maximum navigation time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass0
to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout) or page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout) methods.waitUntil
<string|Array<string>> When to consider navigation succeeded, defaults toload
. Given an array of event strings, navigation is considered to be successful after all events have been fired. Events can be either:load
- consider navigation to be finished when theload
event is fired.domcontentloaded
- consider navigation to be finished when theDOMContentLoaded
event is fired.networkidle0
- consider navigation to be finished when there are no more than 0 network connections for at least500
ms.networkidle2
- consider navigation to be finished when there are no more than 2 network connections for at least500
ms.
- returns: <Promise<?Response>> Promise which resolves to the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect. In case of navigation to a different anchor or navigation due to History API usage, the navigation will resolve with
null
.
This resolves when the frame navigates to a new URL. It is useful for when you run code which will indirectly cause the frame to navigate. Consider this example:
const [response] = await Promise.all([
frame.waitForNavigation(), // The navigation promise resolves after navigation has finished
frame.click('a.my-link'), // Clicking the link will indirectly cause a navigation
]);
NOTE Usage of the History API to change the URL is considered a navigation.
frame.waitForSelector(selector[, options])
selector
<string> A selector of an element to wait foroptions
<Object> Optional waiting parametersvisible
<boolean> wait for element to be present in DOM and to be visible, i.e. to not havedisplay: none
orvisibility: hidden
CSS properties. Defaults tofalse
.hidden
<boolean> wait for element to not be found in the DOM or to be hidden, i.e. havedisplay: none
orvisibility: hidden
CSS properties. Defaults tofalse
.timeout
<number> maximum time to wait for in milliseconds. Defaults to30000
(30 seconds). Pass0
to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout) method.
- returns: <Promise<?ElementHandle>> Promise which resolves when element specified by selector string is added to DOM. Resolves to
null
if waiting forhidden: true
and selector is not found in DOM.
Wait for the selector
to appear in page. If at the moment of calling
the method the selector
already exists, the method will return
immediately. If the selector doesn't appear after the timeout
milliseconds of waiting, the function will throw.
This method works across navigations:
const playwright = require('playwright');
(async () => {
const browser = await playwright.launch();
const page = await browser.newPage();
let currentURL;
page.mainFrame()
.waitForSelector('img')
.then(() => console.log('First URL with image: ' + currentURL));
for (currentURL of ['https://example.com', 'https://google.com', 'https://bbc.com']) {
await page.goto(currentURL);
}
await browser.close();
})();
frame.waitForXPath(xpath[, options])
xpath
<string> A xpath of an element to wait foroptions
<Object> Optional waiting parametersvisible
<boolean> wait for element to be present in DOM and to be visible, i.e. to not havedisplay: none
orvisibility: hidden
CSS properties. Defaults tofalse
.hidden
<boolean> wait for element to not be found in the DOM or to be hidden, i.e. havedisplay: none
orvisibility: hidden
CSS properties. Defaults tofalse
.timeout
<number> maximum time to wait for in milliseconds. Defaults to30000
(30 seconds). Pass0
to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout) method.
- returns: <Promise<?ElementHandle>> Promise which resolves when element specified by xpath string is added to DOM. Resolves to
null
if waiting forhidden: true
and xpath is not found in DOM.
Wait for the xpath
to appear in page. If at the moment of calling
the method the xpath
already exists, the method will return
immediately. If the xpath doesn't appear after the timeout
milliseconds of waiting, the function will throw.
This method works across navigations:
const playwright = require('playwright');
(async () => {
const browser = await playwright.launch();
const page = await browser.newPage();
let currentURL;
page.mainFrame()
.waitForXPath('//img')
.then(() => console.log('First URL with image: ' + currentURL));
for (currentURL of ['https://example.com', 'https://google.com', 'https://bbc.com']) {
await page.goto(currentURL);
}
await browser.close();
})();
class: ExecutionContext
The class represents a context for JavaScript execution. A Page might have many execution contexts:
- each frame has "default" execution context that is
always created after frame is attached to DOM. This context is returned by the
frame.executionContext()
method. - Extensions's content scripts create additional execution contexts.
Besides pages, execution contexts can be found in workers.
executionContext.evaluate(pageFunction[, ...args])
pageFunction
<function|string> Function to be evaluated inexecutionContext
...args
<...Serializable|JSHandle> Arguments to pass topageFunction
- returns: <Promise<Serializable>> Promise which resolves to the return value of
pageFunction
If the function passed to the executionContext.evaluate
returns a Promise, then executionContext.evaluate
would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
If the function passed to the executionContext.evaluate
returns a non-Serializable value, then executionContext.evaluate
resolves to undefined
. DevTools Protocol also supports transferring some additional values that are not serializable by JSON
: -0
, NaN
, Infinity
, -Infinity
, and bigint literals.
const executionContext = await page.mainFrame().executionContext();
const result = await executionContext.evaluate(() => Promise.resolve(8 * 7));
console.log(result); // prints "56"
A string can also be passed in instead of a function.
console.log(await executionContext.evaluate('1 + 2')); // prints "3"
JSHandle instances can be passed as arguments to the executionContext.evaluate
:
const oneHandle = await executionContext.evaluateHandle(() => 1);
const twoHandle = await executionContext.evaluateHandle(() => 2);
const result = await executionContext.evaluate((a, b) => a + b, oneHandle, twoHandle);
await oneHandle.dispose();
await twoHandle.dispose();
console.log(result); // prints '3'.
executionContext.evaluateHandle(pageFunction[, ...args])
pageFunction
<function|string> Function to be evaluated in theexecutionContext
...args
<...Serializable|JSHandle> Arguments to pass topageFunction
- returns: <Promise<JSHandle>> Promise which resolves to the return value of
pageFunction
as in-page object (JSHandle)
The only difference between executionContext.evaluate
and executionContext.evaluateHandle
is that executionContext.evaluateHandle
returns in-page object (JSHandle).
If the function passed to the executionContext.evaluateHandle
returns a Promise, then executionContext.evaluateHandle
would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
const context = await page.mainFrame().executionContext();
const aHandle = await context.evaluateHandle(() => Promise.resolve(self));
aHandle; // Handle for the global object.
A string can also be passed in instead of a function.
const aHandle = await context.evaluateHandle('1 + 2'); // Handle for the '3' object.
JSHandle instances can be passed as arguments to the executionContext.evaluateHandle
:
const aHandle = await context.evaluateHandle(() => document.body);
const resultHandle = await context.evaluateHandle(body => body.innerHTML, aHandle);
console.log(await resultHandle.jsonValue()); // prints body's innerHTML
await aHandle.dispose();
await resultHandle.dispose();
executionContext.frame()
- returns: <?Frame> Frame associated with this execution context.
Note
Not every execution context is associated with a frame. For example, workers and extensions have execution contexts that are not associated with frames.
executionContext.queryObjects(prototypeHandle)
prototypeHandle
<JSHandle> A handle to the object prototype.- returns: <Promise<JSHandle>> A handle to an array of objects with this prototype
The method iterates the JavaScript heap and finds all the objects with the given prototype.
// Create a Map object
await page.evaluate(() => window.map = new Map());
// Get a handle to the Map object prototype
const mapPrototype = await page.evaluateHandle(() => Map.prototype);
// Query all map instances into an array
const mapInstances = await page.queryObjects(mapPrototype);
// Count amount of map objects in heap
const count = await page.evaluate(maps => maps.length, mapInstances);
await mapInstances.dispose();
await mapPrototype.dispose();
class: JSHandle
JSHandle represents an in-page JavaScript object. JSHandles can be created with the page.evaluateHandle method.
const windowHandle = await page.evaluateHandle(() => window);
// ...
JSHandle prevents the referenced JavaScript object being garbage collected unless the handle is disposed. JSHandles are auto-disposed when their origin frame gets navigated or the parent context gets destroyed.
JSHandle instances can be used as arguments in page.$eval()
, page.evaluate()
and page.evaluateHandle
methods.
jsHandle.asElement()
- returns: <?ElementHandle>
Returns either null
or the object handle itself, if the object handle is an instance of ElementHandle.
jsHandle.dispose()
- returns: <Promise> Promise which resolves when the object handle is successfully disposed.
The jsHandle.dispose
method stops referencing the element handle.
jsHandle.evaluate(pageFunction[, ...args])
pageFunction
<function(Object)> Function to be evaluated in browser context...args
<...Serializable|JSHandle> Arguments to pass topageFunction
- returns: <Promise<Serializable>> Promise which resolves to the return value of
pageFunction
This method passes this handle as the first argument to pageFunction
.
If pageFunction
returns a Promise, then handle.evaluate
would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
Examples:
const tweetHandle = await page.$('.tweet .retweets');
expect(await tweetHandle.evaluate(node => node.innerText)).toBe('10');
jsHandle.evaluateHandle(pageFunction[, ...args])
pageFunction
<function|string> Function to be evaluated...args
<...Serializable|JSHandle> Arguments to pass topageFunction
- returns: <Promise<JSHandle>> Promise which resolves to the return value of
pageFunction
as in-page object (JSHandle)
This method passes this handle as the first argument to pageFunction
.
The only difference between jsHandle.evaluate
and jsHandle.evaluateHandle
is that executionContext.evaluateHandle
returns in-page object (JSHandle).
If the function passed to the jsHandle.evaluateHandle
returns a Promise, then jsHandle.evaluateHandle
would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
See Page.evaluateHandle for more details.
jsHandle.executionContext()
- returns: <ExecutionContext>
Returns execution context the handle belongs to.
jsHandle.getProperties()
The method returns a map with property names as keys and JSHandle instances for the property values.
const handle = await page.evaluateHandle(() => ({window, document}));
const properties = await handle.getProperties();
const windowHandle = properties.get('window');
const documentHandle = properties.get('document');
await handle.dispose();
jsHandle.getProperty(propertyName)
Fetches a single property from the referenced object.
jsHandle.jsonValue()
Returns a JSON representation of the object. If the object has a
toJSON
function, it will not be called.
Note
The method will return an empty JSON object if the referenced object is not stringifiable. It will throw an error if the object has circular references.
class: ElementHandle
- extends: JSHandle
ElementHandle represents an in-page DOM element. ElementHandles can be created with the page.$ method.
const playwright = require('playwright');
(async () => {
const browser = await playwright.launch();
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com');
const hrefElement = await page.$('a');
await hrefElement.click();
// ...
})();
ElementHandle prevents DOM element from garbage collection unless the handle is disposed. ElementHandles are auto-disposed when their origin frame gets navigated.
ElementHandle instances can be used as arguments in page.$eval()
and page.evaluate()
methods.
elementHandle.$(selector)
selector
<string> A selector to query element for- returns: <Promise<?ElementHandle>>
The method runs element.querySelector
within the page. If no element matches the selector, the return value resolves to null
.
elementHandle.$$(selector)
selector
<string> A selector to query element for- returns: <Promise<Array<ElementHandle>>>
The method runs element.querySelectorAll
within the page. If no elements match the selector, the return value resolves to []
.
elementHandle.$$eval(selector, pageFunction[, ...args])
selector
<string> A selector to query page forpageFunction
<function(Array<Element>)> Function to be evaluated in browser context...args
<...Serializable|JSHandle> Arguments to pass topageFunction
- returns: <Promise<Serializable>> Promise which resolves to the return value of
pageFunction
This method runs document.querySelectorAll
within the element and passes it as the first argument to pageFunction
. If there's no element matching selector
, the method throws an error.
If pageFunction
returns a Promise, then frame.$$eval
would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
Examples:
<div class="feed">
<div class="tweet">Hello!</div>
<div class="tweet">Hi!</div>
</div>
const feedHandle = await page.$('.feed');
expect(await feedHandle.$$eval('.tweet', nodes => nodes.map(n => n.innerText))).toEqual(['Hello!', 'Hi!']);
elementHandle.$eval(selector, pageFunction[, ...args])
selector
<string> A selector to query page forpageFunction
<function(Element)> Function to be evaluated in browser context...args
<...Serializable|JSHandle> Arguments to pass topageFunction
- returns: <Promise<Serializable>> Promise which resolves to the return value of
pageFunction
This method runs document.querySelector
within the element and passes it as the first argument to pageFunction
. If there's no element matching selector
, the method throws an error.
If pageFunction
returns a Promise, then frame.$eval
would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
Examples:
const tweetHandle = await page.$('.tweet');
expect(await tweetHandle.$eval('.like', node => node.innerText)).toBe('100');
expect(await tweetHandle.$eval('.retweets', node => node.innerText)).toBe('10');
elementHandle.$x(expression)
expression
<string> Expression to evaluate.- returns: <Promise<Array<ElementHandle>>>
The method evaluates the XPath expression relative to the elementHandle. If there are no such elements, the method will resolve to an empty array.
elementHandle.asElement()
- returns: <ElementHandle>
elementHandle.boundingBox()
This method returns the bounding box of the element (relative to the main frame), or null
if the element is not visible.
elementHandle.boxModel()
This method returns boxes of the element, or null
if the element is not visible. Boxes are represented as an array of points; each Point is an object {x, y}
. Box points are sorted clock-wise.
elementHandle.click([options])
options
<Object>button
<"left"|"right"|"middle"> Defaults toleft
.clickCount
<number> defaults to 1. See UIEvent.detail.delay
<number> Time to wait betweenmousedown
andmouseup
in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.relativePoint
<Object> A point to click relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, clicks to some visible point of the element.modifiers
<Array<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the click, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- returns: <Promise> Promise which resolves when the element is successfully clicked. Promise gets rejected if the element is detached from DOM.
This method scrolls element into view if needed, and then uses page.mouse to click in the center of the element. If the element is detached from DOM, the method throws an error.
elementHandle.contentFrame()
- returns: <Promise<?Frame>> Resolves to the content frame for element handles referencing iframe nodes, or null otherwise
elementHandle.dblclick([options])
options
<Object>button
<"left"|"right"|"middle"> Defaults toleft
.delay
<number> Time to wait betweenmousedown
andmouseup
in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.relativePoint
<Object> A point to double click relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, double clicks to some visible point of the element.modifiers
<Array<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the double click, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- returns: <Promise> Promise which resolves when the element is successfully double clicked. Promise gets rejected if the element is detached from DOM.
This method scrolls element into view if needed, and then uses page.mouse to click in the center of the element. If the element is detached from DOM, the method throws an error.
Bear in mind that if the first click of the dblclick()
triggers a navigation event, there will be an exception.
Note
elementHandle.dblclick()
dispatches twoclick
events and a singledblclick
event.
elementHandle.dispose()
- returns: <Promise> Promise which resolves when the element handle is successfully disposed.
The elementHandle.dispose
method stops referencing the element handle.
elementHandle.evaluate(pageFunction[, ...args])
pageFunction
<function(Object)> Function to be evaluated in browser context...args
<...Serializable|JSHandle> Arguments to pass topageFunction
- returns: <Promise<Serializable>> Promise which resolves to the return value of
pageFunction
This method passes this handle as the first argument to pageFunction
.
If pageFunction
returns a Promise, then handle.evaluate
would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
Examples:
const tweetHandle = await page.$('.tweet .retweets');
expect(await tweetHandle.evaluate(node => node.innerText)).toBe('10');
elementHandle.evaluateHandle(pageFunction[, ...args])
pageFunction
<function|string> Function to be evaluated...args
<...Serializable|JSHandle> Arguments to pass topageFunction
- returns: <Promise<JSHandle>> Promise which resolves to the return value of
pageFunction
as in-page object (JSHandle)
This method passes this handle as the first argument to pageFunction
.
The only difference between evaluateHandle.evaluate
and evaluateHandle.evaluateHandle
is that executionContext.evaluateHandle
returns in-page object (JSHandle).
If the function passed to the evaluateHandle.evaluateHandle
returns a Promise, then evaluateHandle.evaluateHandle
would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
See Page.evaluateHandle for more details.
elementHandle.executionContext()
- returns: <ExecutionContext>
elementHandle.fill(value)
value
<string> Value to set for the<input>
,<textarea>
or[contenteditable]
element.- returns: <Promise> Promise which resolves when the element is successfully filled.
This method focuses the element and triggers an input
event after filling.
If element is not a text <input>
, <textarea>
or [contenteditable]
element, the method throws an error.
elementHandle.focus()
- returns: <Promise>
Calls focus on the element.
elementHandle.getProperties()
The method returns a map with property names as keys and JSHandle instances for the property values.
const listHandle = await page.evaluateHandle(() => document.body.children);
const properties = await listHandle.getProperties();
const children = [];
for (const property of properties.values()) {
const element = property.asElement();
if (element)
children.push(element);
}
children; // holds elementHandles to all children of document.body
elementHandle.getProperty(propertyName)
Fetches a single property from the objectHandle.
elementHandle.hover([options])
options
<Object>relativePoint
<Object> A point to hover relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, hovers over some visible point of the element.modifiers
<Array<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the hover, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- returns: <Promise> Promise which resolves when the element is successfully hovered.
This method scrolls element into view if needed, and then uses page.mouse to hover over the center of the element. If the element is detached from DOM, the method throws an error.
elementHandle.isIntersectingViewport()
elementHandle.jsonValue()
Returns a JSON representation of the object. The JSON is generated by running JSON.stringify
on the object in page and consequent JSON.parse
in playwright.
Note
The method will throw if the referenced object is not stringifiable.
elementHandle.press(key[, options])
key
<string> Name of key to press, such asArrowLeft
. See USKeyboardLayout for a list of all key names.options
<Object>- returns: <Promise>
Focuses the element, and then uses keyboard.down
and keyboard.up
.
If key
is a single character and no modifier keys besides Shift
are being held down, a keypress
/input
event will also be generated. The text
option can be specified to force an input event to be generated.
Note
Modifier keys DO effect
elementHandle.press
. Holding downShift
will type the text in upper case.
elementHandle.screenshot([options])
options
<Object> Same options as in page.screenshot.- returns: <Promise<string|Buffer>> Promise which resolves to buffer or a base64 string (depending on the value of
options.encoding
) with captured screenshot.
This method scrolls element into view if needed, and then uses page.screenshot to take a screenshot of the element. If the element is detached from DOM, the method throws an error.
elementHandle.select(...values)
...values
<...string> Values of options to select. If the<select>
has themultiple
attribute, all values are considered, otherwise only the first one is taken into account.- returns: <Promise<Array<string>>> An array of option values that have been successfully selected.
Triggers a change
and input
event once all the provided options have been selected.
If element is not a <select>
element, the method throws an error.
handle.select('blue'); // single selection
handle.select('red', 'green', 'blue'); // multiple selections
elementHandle.tap([options])
options
<Object>relativePoint
<Object> A point to tap relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, taps some visible point of the element.modifiers
<Array<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the tap, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- returns: <Promise> Promise which resolves when the element is successfully tapped. Promise gets rejected if the element is detached from DOM.
This method scrolls element into view if needed, and then uses touchscreen.tap to tap in the center of the element. If the element is detached from DOM, the method throws an error.
elementHandle.toString()
- returns: <string>
elementHandle.tripleclick([options])
options
<Object>button
<"left"|"right"|"middle"> Defaults toleft
.delay
<number> Time to wait betweenmousedown
andmouseup
in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.relativePoint
<Object> A point to triple click relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, triple clicks to some visible point of the element.modifiers
<Array<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the triple click, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- returns: <Promise> Promise which resolves when the element is successfully triple clicked. Promise gets rejected if the element is detached from DOM.
This method scrolls element into view if needed, and then uses page.mouse to click in the center of the element. If the element is detached from DOM, the method throws an error.
Bear in mind that if the first or second click of the tripleclick()
triggers a navigation event, there will be an exception.
Note
elementHandle.tripleclick()
dispatches threeclick
events and a singledblclick
event.
elementHandle.type(text[, options])
text
<string> A text to type into a focused element.options
<Object>delay
<number> Time to wait between key presses in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.
- returns: <Promise>
Focuses the element, and then sends a keydown
, keypress
/input
, and keyup
event for each character in the text.
To press a special key, like Control
or ArrowDown
, use elementHandle.press
.
await elementHandle.type('Hello'); // Types instantly
await elementHandle.type('World', {delay: 100}); // Types slower, like a user
An example of typing into a text field and then submitting the form:
const elementHandle = await page.$('input');
await elementHandle.type('some text');
await elementHandle.press('Enter');
elementHandle.uploadFile(...filePaths)
...filePaths
<...string> Sets the value of the file input to these paths. If some of thefilePaths
are relative paths, then they are resolved relative to the current working directory.- returns: <Promise>
This method expects elementHandle
to point to an input element.
class: Request
Whenever the page sends a request, such as for a network resource, the following events are emitted by playwright's page:
'request'
emitted when the request is issued by the page.'response'
emitted when/if the response is received for the request.'requestfinished'
emitted when the response body is downloaded and the request is complete.
If request fails at some point, then instead of 'requestfinished'
event (and possibly instead of 'response' event), the 'requestfailed'
event is emitted.
Note
HTTP Error responses, such as 404 or 503, are still successful responses from HTTP standpoint, so request will complete with
'requestfinished'
event.
If request gets a 'redirect' response, the request is successfully finished with the 'requestfinished' event, and a new request is issued to a redirected url.
request.abort([errorCode])
errorCode
<string> Optional error code. Defaults tofailed
, could be one of the following:aborted
- An operation was aborted (due to user action)accessdenied
- Permission to access a resource, other than the network, was deniedaddressunreachable
- The IP address is unreachable. This usually means that there is no route to the specified host or network.blockedbyclient
- The client chose to block the request.blockedbyresponse
- The request failed because the response was delivered along with requirements which are not met ('X-Frame-Options' and 'Content-Security-Policy' ancestor checks, for instance).connectionaborted
- A connection timed out as a result of not receiving an ACK for data sent.connectionclosed
- A connection was closed (corresponding to a TCP FIN).connectionfailed
- A connection attempt failed.connectionrefused
- A connection attempt was refused.connectionreset
- A connection was reset (corresponding to a TCP RST).internetdisconnected
- The Internet connection has been lost.namenotresolved
- The host name could not be resolved.timedout
- An operation timed out.failed
- A generic failure occurred.
- returns: <Promise>
Aborts request. To use this, request interception should be enabled with page.setRequestInterception
.
Exception is immediately thrown if the request interception is not enabled.
request.continue([overrides])
overrides
<Object> Optional request overwrites, which can be one of the following:url
<string> If set, the request url will be changed. This is not a redirect. The request will be silently forwarded to the new url. For example, the address bar will show the original url.method
<string> If set changes the request method (e.g.GET
orPOST
)postData
<string> If set changes the post data of requestheaders
<Object> If set changes the request HTTP headers. Header values will be converted to a string.
- returns: <Promise>
Continues request with optional request overrides. To use this, request interception should be enabled with page.setRequestInterception
.
Exception is immediately thrown if the request interception is not enabled.
await page.setRequestInterception(true);
page.on('request', request => {
// Override headers
const headers = Object.assign({}, request.headers(), {
foo: 'bar', // set "foo" header
origin: undefined, // remove "origin" header
});
request.continue({headers});
});
request.failure()
- returns: <?Object> Object describing request failure, if any
errorText
<string> Human-readable error message, e.g.'net::ERR_FAILED'
.
The method returns null
unless this request was failed, as reported by
requestfailed
event.
Example of logging all failed requests:
page.on('requestfailed', request => {
console.log(request.url() + ' ' + request.failure().errorText);
});
request.frame()
request.headers()
- returns: <Object> An object with HTTP headers associated with the request. All header names are lower-case.
request.isNavigationRequest()
- returns: <boolean>
Whether this request is driving frame's navigation.
request.method()
- returns: <string> Request's method (GET, POST, etc.)
request.postData()
- returns: <string> Request's post body, if any.
request.redirectChain()
A redirectChain
is a chain of requests initiated to fetch a resource.
- If there are no redirects and the request was successful, the chain will be empty.
- If a server responds with at least a single redirect, then the chain will contain all the requests that were redirected.
redirectChain
is shared between all the requests of the same chain.
For example, if the website http://example.com
has a single redirect to
https://example.com
, then the chain will contain one request:
const response = await page.goto('http://example.com');
const chain = response.request().redirectChain();
console.log(chain.length); // 1
console.log(chain[0].url()); // 'http://example.com'
If the website https://google.com
has no redirects, then the chain will be empty:
const response = await page.goto('https://google.com');
const chain = response.request().redirectChain();
console.log(chain.length); // 0
request.resourceType()
- returns: <string>
Contains the request's resource type as it was perceived by the rendering engine.
ResourceType will be one of the following: document
, stylesheet
, image
, media
, font
, script
, texttrack
, xhr
, fetch
, eventsource
, websocket
, manifest
, other
.
request.respond(response)
Fulfills request with given response. To use this, request interception should
be enabled with page.setRequestInterception
. Exception is thrown if
request interception is not enabled.
An example of fulfilling all requests with 404 responses:
await page.setRequestInterception(true);
page.on('request', request => {
request.respond({
status: 404,
contentType: 'text/plain',
body: 'Not Found!'
});
});
Note
Mocking responses for dataURL requests is not supported. Calling
request.respond
for a dataURL request is a noop.
request.response()
request.url()
- returns: <string> URL of the request.
class: Response
Response class represents responses which are received by page.
response.buffer()
- returns: <Promise<Buffer>> Promise which resolves to a buffer with response body.
response.frame()
response.fromCache()
- returns: <boolean>
True if the response was served from either the browser's disk cache or memory cache.
response.fromServiceWorker()
- returns: <boolean>
True if the response was served by a service worker.
response.headers()
- returns: <Object> An object with HTTP headers associated with the response. All header names are lower-case.
response.json()
- returns: <Promise<Object>> Promise which resolves to a JSON representation of response body.
This method will throw if the response body is not parsable via JSON.parse
.
response.ok()
- returns: <boolean>
Contains a boolean stating whether the response was successful (status in the range 200-299) or not.
response.remoteAddress()
- returns: <Object>
response.request()
response.securityDetails()
- returns: <?SecurityDetails> Security details if the response was received over the secure connection, or
null
otherwise.
response.status()
- returns: <number>
Contains the status code of the response (e.g., 200 for a success).
response.statusText()
- returns: <string>
Contains the status text of the response (e.g. usually an "OK" for a success).
response.text()
response.url()
- returns: <string>
Contains the URL of the response.
class: SecurityDetails
SecurityDetails class represents the security details when response was received over the secure connection.
securityDetails.issuer()
- returns: <string> A string with the name of issuer of the certificate.
securityDetails.protocol()
- returns: <string> String with the security protocol, eg. "TLS 1.2".
securityDetails.subjectName()
- returns: <string> Name of the subject to which the certificate was issued to.
securityDetails.validFrom()
securityDetails.validTo()
class: Target
target.browser()
- returns: <Browser>
Get the browser the target belongs to.
target.browserContext()
- returns: <BrowserContext>
The browser context the target belongs to.
target.createCDPSession()
- returns: <Promise<CDPSession>>
Creates a Chrome Devtools Protocol session attached to the target.
target.opener()
- returns: <?Target>
Get the target that opened this target. Top-level targets return null
.
target.page()
If the target is not of type "page"
or "background_page"
, returns null
.
target.type()
- returns: <"page"|"background_page"|"service_worker"|"shared_worker"|"other"|"browser">
Identifies what kind of target this is. Can be "page"
, "background_page"
, "service_worker"
, "shared_worker"
, "browser"
or "other"
.
target.url()
- returns: <string>
target.worker()
If the target is not of type "service_worker"
or "shared_worker"
, returns null
.
class: CDPSession
- extends: EventEmitter
The CDPSession
instances are used to talk raw Chrome Devtools Protocol:
- protocol methods can be called with
session.send
method. - protocol events can be subscribed to with
session.on
method.
Useful links:
- Documentation on DevTools Protocol can be found here: DevTools Protocol Viewer.
- Getting Started with DevTools Protocol: https://github.com/aslushnikov/getting-started-with-cdp/blob/master/README.md
const client = await page.target().createCDPSession();
await client.send('Animation.enable');
client.on('Animation.animationCreated', () => console.log('Animation created!'));
const response = await client.send('Animation.getPlaybackRate');
console.log('playback rate is ' + response.playbackRate);
await client.send('Animation.setPlaybackRate', {
playbackRate: response.playbackRate / 2
});
cdpSession.detach()
- returns: <Promise>
Detaches the cdpSession from the target. Once detached, the cdpSession object won't emit any events and can't be used to send messages.
cdpSession.send(method[, params])
method
<string> protocol method nameparams
<Object> Optional method parameters- returns: <Promise<Object>>
class: Coverage
Coverage gathers information about parts of JavaScript and CSS that were used by the page.
An example of using JavaScript and CSS coverage to get percentage of initially executed code:
// Enable both JavaScript and CSS coverage
await Promise.all([
page.coverage.startJSCoverage(),
page.coverage.startCSSCoverage()
]);
// Navigate to page
await page.goto('https://example.com');
// Disable both JavaScript and CSS coverage
const [jsCoverage, cssCoverage] = await Promise.all([
page.coverage.stopJSCoverage(),
page.coverage.stopCSSCoverage(),
]);
let totalBytes = 0;
let usedBytes = 0;
const coverage = [...jsCoverage, ...cssCoverage];
for (const entry of coverage) {
totalBytes += entry.text.length;
for (const range of entry.ranges)
usedBytes += range.end - range.start - 1;
}
console.log(`Bytes used: ${usedBytes / totalBytes * 100}%`);
To output coverage in a form consumable by Istanbul, see playwright-to-istanbul.
coverage.startCSSCoverage([options])
options
<Object> Set of configurable options for coverageresetOnNavigation
<boolean> Whether to reset coverage on every navigation. Defaults totrue
.
- returns: <Promise> Promise that resolves when coverage is started
coverage.startJSCoverage([options])
options
<Object> Set of configurable options for coverage- returns: <Promise> Promise that resolves when coverage is started
Note
Anonymous scripts are ones that don't have an associated url. These are scripts that are dynamically created on the page using
eval
ornew Function
. IfreportAnonymousScripts
is set totrue
, anonymous scripts will have__playwright_evaluation_script__
as their URL.
coverage.stopCSSCoverage()
- returns: <Promise<Array<Object>>> Promise that resolves to the array of coverage reports for all stylesheets
Note
CSS Coverage doesn't include dynamically injected style tags without sourceURLs.
coverage.stopJSCoverage()
- returns: <Promise<Array<Object>>> Promise that resolves to the array of coverage reports for all scripts
Note
JavaScript Coverage doesn't include anonymous scripts by default. However, scripts with sourceURLs are reported.
class: TimeoutError
- extends: Error
TimeoutError is emitted whenever certain operations are terminated due to timeout, e.g. page.waitForSelector(selector[, options]) or playwright.launch([options]).