playwright/docs/src/network.md

id	title
network	Network

Playwright provides APIs to monitor and modify network traffic, both HTTP and HTTPS. Any requests that a page does, including XHRs and fetch requests, can be tracked, modified and handled.

HTTP Authentication

Perform HTTP Authentication.

import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';
export default defineConfig({
  use: {
    httpCredentials: {
      username: 'bill',
      password: 'pa55w0rd',
    }
  }
});

const context = await browser.newContext({
  httpCredentials: {
    username: 'bill',
    password: 'pa55w0rd',
  },
});
const page = await context.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com');

BrowserContext context = browser.newContext(new Browser.NewContextOptions()
  .setHttpCredentials("bill", "pa55w0rd"));
Page page = context.newPage();
page.navigate("https://example.com");

context = await browser.new_context(
    http_credentials={"username": "bill", "password": "pa55w0rd"}
)
page = await context.new_page()
await page.goto("https://example.com")

context = browser.new_context(
    http_credentials={"username": "bill", "password": "pa55w0rd"}
)
page = context.new_page()
page.goto("https://example.com")

using var context = await Browser.NewContextAsync(new()
{
    HttpCredentials = new HttpCredentials
    {
        Username = "bill",
        Password = "pa55w0rd"
    },
});
var page = await context.NewPageAsync();
await page.GotoAsync("https://example.com");

HTTP Proxy

You can configure pages to load over the HTTP(S) proxy or SOCKSv5. Proxy can be either set globally for the entire browser, or for each browser context individually.

You can optionally specify username and password for HTTP(S) proxy, you can also specify hosts to bypass proxy for.

Here is an example of a global proxy:

import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';
export default defineConfig({
  use: {
    proxy: {
      server: 'http://myproxy.com:3128',
      username: 'usr',
      password: 'pwd'
    }
  }
});

const browser = await chromium.launch({
  proxy: {
    server: 'http://myproxy.com:3128',
    username: 'usr',
    password: 'pwd'
  }
});

Browser browser = chromium.launch(new BrowserType.LaunchOptions()
  .setProxy(new Proxy("http://myproxy.com:3128")
  .setUsername('usr')
  .setPassword('pwd'));

browser = await chromium.launch(proxy={
  "server": "http://myproxy.com:3128",
  "username": "usr",
  "password": "pwd"
})

browser = chromium.launch(proxy={
  "server": "http://myproxy.com:3128",
  "username": "usr",
  "password": "pwd"
})

var proxy = new Proxy
{
    Server = "http://myproxy.com:3128",
    Username = "user",
    Password = "pwd"
};
await using var browser = await BrowserType.LaunchAsync(new()
{
    Proxy = proxy
});

When specifying proxy for each context individually, Chromium on Windows needs a hint that proxy will be set. This is done via passing a non-empty proxy server to the browser itself. Here is an example of a context-specific proxy:

import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';
export default defineConfig({
  use: {
    launchOptions: {
      // Browser proxy option is required for Chromium on Windows.
      proxy: { server: 'per-context' }
    },
    proxy: {
      server: 'http://myproxy.com:3128',
    }
  }
});

const browser = await chromium.launch({
  // Browser proxy option is required for Chromium on Windows.
  proxy: { server: 'per-context' }
});
const context = await browser.newContext({
  proxy: { server: 'http://myproxy.com:3128' }
})

Browser browser = chromium.launch(new BrowserType.LaunchOptions()
  // Browser proxy option is required for Chromium on Windows.
  .setProxy(new Proxy("per-context"));
BrowserContext context = chromium.launch(new Browser.NewContextOptions()
  .setProxy(new Proxy("http://myproxy.com:3128"));

# Browser proxy option is required for Chromium on Windows.
browser = await chromium.launch(proxy={"server": "per-context"})
context = await browser.new_context(proxy={"server": "http://myproxy.com:3128"})

# Browser proxy option is required for Chromium on Windows.
browser = chromium.launch(proxy={"server": "per-context"})
context = browser.new_context(proxy={"server": "http://myproxy.com:3128"})

var proxy = new Proxy { Server = "per-context" };
await using var browser = await BrowserType.LaunchAsync(new()
{
    // Browser proxy option is required for Chromium on Windows.
    Proxy = proxy
});
using var context = await Browser.NewContextAsync(new()
{
    Proxy = new Proxy { Server = "http://myproxy.com:3128" })
});

Network events

You can monitor all the [Request]s and [Response]s:

// Subscribe to 'request' and 'response' events.
page.on('request', request => console.log('>>', request.method(), request.url()));
page.on('response', response => console.log('<<', response.status(), response.url()));

await page.goto('https://example.com');

import com.microsoft.playwright.*;

public class Example {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    try (Playwright playwright = Playwright.create()) {
      BrowserType chromium = playwright.chromium();
      Browser browser = chromium.launch();
      Page page = browser.newPage();
      page.onRequest(request -> System.out.println(">> " + request.method() + " " + request.url()));
      page.onResponse(response -> System.out.println("<<" + response.status() + " " + response.url()));
      page.navigate("https://example.com");
      browser.close();
    }
  }
}

import asyncio
from playwright.async_api import async_playwright

async def run(playwright):
    chromium = playwright.chromium
    browser = await chromium.launch()
    page = await browser.new_page()
    # Subscribe to "request" and "response" events.
    page.on("request", lambda request: print(">>", request.method, request.url))
    page.on("response", lambda response: print("<<", response.status, response.url))
    await page.goto("https://example.com")
    await browser.close()

async def main():
    async with async_playwright() as playwright:
        await run(playwright)
asyncio.run(main())

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

def run(playwright):
    chromium = playwright.chromium
    browser = chromium.launch()
    page = browser.new_page()
    # Subscribe to "request" and "response" events.
    page.on("request", lambda request: print(">>", request.method, request.url))
    page.on("response", lambda response: print("<<", response.status, response.url))
    page.goto("https://example.com")
    browser.close()

with sync_playwright() as playwright:
    run(playwright)

using Microsoft.Playwright;

using var playwright = await Playwright.CreateAsync();
await using var browser = await playwright.Chromium.LaunchAsync();
var page = await browser.NewPageAsync();
page.Request += (_, request) => Console.WriteLine(">> " + request.Method + " " + request.Url);
page.Response += (_, response) => Console.WriteLine("<< " + response.Status + " " + response.Url);
await page.GotoAsync("https://example.com");

Or wait for a network response after the button click with [method: Page.waitForResponse]:

// Use a glob URL pattern. Note no await.
const responsePromise = page.waitForResponse('**/api/fetch_data');
await page.getByText('Update').click();
const response = await responsePromise;

// Use a glob URL pattern
Response response = page.waitForResponse("**/api/fetch_data", () -> {
  page.getByText("Update").click();
});

# Use a glob url pattern
async with page.expect_response("**/api/fetch_data") as response_info:
    await page.get_by_text("Update").click()
response = await response_info.value

# Use a glob url pattern
with page.expect_response("**/api/fetch_data") as response_info:
    page.get_by_text("Update").click()
response = response_info.value

// Use a glob URL pattern
var waitForResponseTask = page.WaitForResponseAsync("**/api/fetch_data");
await page.GetByText("Update").ClickAsync();
var response = await waitForResponseTask;

Variations

Wait for [Response]s with [method: Page.waitForResponse]

// Use a RegExp. Note no await.
const responsePromise = page.waitForResponse(/\.jpeg$/);
await page.getByText('Update').click();
const response = await responsePromise;

// Use a predicate taking a Response object. Note no await.
const responsePromise = page.waitForResponse(response => response.url().includes(token));
await page.getByText('Update').click();
const response = await responsePromise;

// Use a RegExp
Response response = page.waitForResponse(Pattern.compile("\\.jpeg$"), () -> {
  page.getByText("Update").click();
});

// Use a predicate taking a Response object
Response response = page.waitForResponse(r -> r.url().contains(token), () -> {
  page.getByText("Update").click();
});

# Use a regular expression
async with page.expect_response(re.compile(r"\.jpeg$")) as response_info:
    await page.get_by_text("Update").click()
response = await response_info.value

# Use a predicate taking a response object
async with page.expect_response(lambda response: token in response.url) as response_info:
    await page.get_by_text("Update").click()
response = await response_info.value

# Use a regular expression
with page.expect_response(re.compile(r"\.jpeg$")) as response_info:
    page.get_by_text("Update").click()
response = response_info.value

# Use a predicate taking a response object
with page.expect_response(lambda response: token in response.url) as response_info:
    page.get_by_text("Update").click()
response = response_info.value

// Use a regular expression
var waitForResponseTask = page.WaitForResponseAsync(new Regex("\\.jpeg$"));
await page.GetByText("Update").ClickAsync();
var response = await waitForResponseTask;

// Use a predicate taking a Response object
var waitForResponseTask = page.WaitForResponseAsync(r => r.Url.Contains(token));
await page.GetByText("Update").ClickAsync();
var response = await waitForResponseTask;

Handle requests

await page.route('**/api/fetch_data', route => route.fulfill({
  status: 200,
  body: testData,
}));
await page.goto('https://example.com');

page.route("**/api/fetch_data", route -> route.fulfill(new Route.FulfillOptions()
  .setStatus(200)
  .setBody(testData)));
page.navigate("https://example.com");

await page.route(
    "**/api/fetch_data",
    lambda route: route.fulfill(status=200, body=test_data))
await page.goto("https://example.com")

page.route(
    "**/api/fetch_data",
    lambda route: route.fulfill(status=200, body=test_data))
page.goto("https://example.com")

You can mock API endpoints via handling the network requests in your Playwright script.

Variations

Set up route on the entire browser context with [method: BrowserContext.route] or page with [method: Page.route]. It will apply to popup windows and opened links.

await browserContext.route('**/api/login', route => route.fulfill({
  status: 200,
  body: 'accept',
}));
await page.goto('https://example.com');

browserContext.route("**/api/login", route -> route.fulfill(new Route.FulfillOptions()
  .setStatus(200)
  .setBody("accept")));
page.navigate("https://example.com");

await context.route(
    "**/api/login",
    lambda route: route.fulfill(status=200, body="accept"))
await page.goto("https://example.com")

context.route(
    "**/api/login",
    lambda route: route.fulfill(status=200, body="accept"))
page.goto("https://example.com")

await page.RouteAsync("**/api/fetch_data", async route => {
  await route.FulfillAsync(new() { Status = 200, Body = testData });
});
await page.GotoAsync("https://example.com");

Modify requests

// Delete header
await page.route('**/*', route => {
  const headers = route.request().headers();
  delete headers['X-Secret'];
  route.continue({ headers });
});

// Continue requests as POST.
await page.route('**/*', route => route.continue({ method: 'POST' }));

// Delete header
page.route("**/*", route -> {
  Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap<>(route.request().headers());
  headers.remove("X-Secret");
    route.resume(new Route.ResumeOptions().setHeaders(headers));
});

// Continue requests as POST.
page.route("**/*", route -> route.resume(new Route.ResumeOptions().setMethod("POST")));

# Delete header
async def handle_route(route):
    headers = route.request.headers
    del headers["x-secret"]
    route.continue_(headers=headers)
await page.route("**/*", handle_route)

# Continue requests as POST.
await page.route("**/*", lambda route: route.continue_(method="POST"))

# Delete header
def handle_route(route):
    headers = route.request.headers
    del headers["x-secret"]
    route.continue_(headers=headers)
page.route("**/*", handle_route)

# Continue requests as POST.
page.route("**/*", lambda route: route.continue_(method="POST"))

// Delete header
await page.RouteAsync("**/*", async route => {
    var headers = new Dictionary<string, string>(route.Request.Headers.ToDictionary(x => x.Key, x => x.Value));
    headers.Remove("X-Secret");
    await route.ContinueAsync(new RouteContinueOptions { Headers = headers });
});

// Continue requests as POST.
await page.RouteAsync("**/*", async route => await route.ContinueAsync(method: "POST"));

You can continue requests with modifications. Example above removes an HTTP header from the outgoing requests.

Abort requests

You can abort requests using [method: Page.route] and [method: Route.abort].

await page.route('**/*.{png,jpg,jpeg}', route => route.abort());

// Abort based on the request type
await page.route('**/*', route => {
  return route.request().resourceType() === 'image' ?
      route.abort() : route.continue();
});

page.route("**/*.{png,jpg,jpeg}", route -> route.abort());

// Abort based on the request type
page.route("**/*", route -> {
  if ("image".equals(route.request().resourceType()))
    route.abort();
  else
    route.resume();
});

await page.route("**/*.{png,jpg,jpeg}", lambda route: route.abort())

# Abort based on the request type
await page.route("**/*", lambda route: route.abort() if route.request.resource_type == "image"  else route.continue_())

page.route("**/*.{png,jpg,jpeg}", lambda route: route.abort())

# Abort based on the request type
page.route("**/*", lambda route: route.abort() if route.request.resource_type == "image"  else route.continue_())

await page.RouteAsync("**/*.{png,jpg,jpeg}", route => route.AbortAsync());

// Abort based on the request type
await page.RouteAsync("**/*", async route => {
if ("image".Equals(route.Request.ResourceType))
    await route.AbortAsync();
else
    await route.ContinueAsync();
});

Modify responses

To modify a response use [APIRequestContext] to get the original response and then pass the response to [method: Route.fulfill]. You can override individual fields on the response via options:

await page.route('**/title.html', async route => {
  // Fetch original response.
  const response = await route.fetch();
  // Add a prefix to the title.
  let body = await response.text();
  body = body.replace('<title>', '<title>My prefix:');
  route.fulfill({
    // Pass all fields from the response.
    response,
    // Override response body.
    body,
    // Force content type to be html.
    headers: {
      ...response.headers(),
      'content-type': 'text/html'
    }
  });
});

page.route("**/title.html", route -> {
  // Fetch original response.
  APIResponse response = route.fetch();
  // Add a prefix to the title.
  String body = response.text();
  body = body.replace("<title>", "<title>My prefix:");
  Map<String, String> headers = response.headers();
  headers.put("content-type": "text/html");
  route.fulfill(new Route.FulfillOptions()
    // Pass all fields from the response.
    .setResponse(response)
    // Override response body.
    .setBody(body)
    // Force content type to be html.
    .setHeaders(headers));
});

async def handle_route(route: Route) -> None:
    # Fetch original response.
    response = await route.fetch()
    # Add a prefix to the title.
    body = await response.text()
    body = body.replace("<title>", "<title>My prefix:")
    await route.fulfill(
        # Pass all fields from the response.
        response=response,
        # Override response body.
        body=body,
        # Force content type to be html.
        headers={**response.headers, "content-type": "text/html"},
    )

await page.route("**/title.html", handle_route)

def handle_route(route: Route) -> None:
    # Fetch original response.
    response = route.fetch()
    # Add a prefix to the title.
    body = response.text()
    body = body.replace("<title>", "<title>My prefix:")
    route.fulfill(
        # Pass all fields from the response.
        response=response,
        # Override response body.
        body=body,
        # Force content type to be html.
        headers={**response.headers, "content-type": "text/html"},
    )

page.route("**/title.html", handle_route)

await Page.RouteAsync("**/title.html", async route =>
{
    // Fetch original response.
    var response = await route.FetchAsync();
    // Add a prefix to the title.
    var body = await response.TextAsync();
    body = body.Replace("<title>", "<title>My prefix:");

    var headers = response.Headers;
    headers.Add("Content-Type", "text/html");

    await route.FulfillAsync(new()
    {
        // Pass all fields from the response.
        Response = response,
        // Override response body.
        Body = body,
        // Force content type to be html.
        Headers = headers,
    });
});

Record and replay requests

You can record network activity as an HTTP Archive file (HAR). Later on, this archive can be used to mock responses to the network requests. You'll need to:

1. Record a HAR file.
2. Commit the HAR file alongside the tests.
3. Route requests using the saved HAR files in the tests.

Recording HAR with CLI

Open the browser with Playwright CLI and pass --save-har option to produce a HAR file. Optionally, use --save-har-glob to only save requests you are interested in, for example API endpoints. If the har file name ends with .zip, artifacts are written as separate files and are all compressed into a single zip.

# Save API requests from example.com as "example.har" archive.
npx playwright open --save-har=example.har --save-har-glob="**/api/**" https://example.com

# Save API requests from example.com as "example.har" archive.
mvn exec:java -e -D exec.mainClass=com.microsoft.playwright.CLI -D exec.args="open --save-har=example.har --save-har-glob='**/api/**' https://example.com"

# Save API requests from example.com as "example.har" archive.
playwright open --save-har=example.har --save-har-glob="**/api/**" https://example.coms

# Save API requests from example.com as "example.har" archive.
pwsh bin/Debug/netX/playwright.ps1 open --save-har=example.har --save-har-glob="**/api/**" https://example.com

Recording HAR with a script

Alternatively, instead of using the CLI, you can record HAR programmatically. Pass [option: har] option when creating a [BrowserContext] with [method: Browser.newContext] to create an archive. If the har file name ends with .zip, artifacts are written as separate files and are all compressed into a single zip.

const context = await browser.newContext({
  recordHar: { path: 'example.har', urlFilter: '**/api/**' }
});

// ... Perform actions ...

// Close context to ensure HAR is saved to disk.
await context.close();

BrowserContext context = browser.newContext(new Browser.NewContextOptions()
    .setRecordHarPath(Paths.get("example.har"))
    .setRecordHarUrlFilter("**/api/**"));

// ... Perform actions ...

// Close context to ensure HAR is saved to disk.
context.close();

context = await browser.new_context(record_har_path="example.har", record_har_url_filter="**/api/**")

# ... Perform actions ...

# Close context to ensure HAR is saved to disk.
await context.close()

context = browser.new_context(record_har_path="example.har", record_har_url_filter="**/api/**")

# ... Perform actions ...

# Close context to ensure HAR is saved to disk.
context.close()

var context = await browser.NewContextAsync(new() {
    RecordHarPath = "example.har",
    RecordHarUrlFilter = "**/api/**",
});

// ... Perform actions ...

// Close context to ensure HAR is saved to disk.
await context.CloseAsync();

Replaying from HAR

Use [method: Page.routeFromHAR] or [method: BrowserContext.routeFromHAR] to serve matching responses from the HAR file.

// Replay API requests from HAR.
// Either use a matching response from the HAR,
// or abort the request if nothing matches.
await page.routeFromHAR('example.har');

// Either use a matching response from the HAR,
// or abort the request if nothing matches.
page.routeFromHAR(Paths.get("example.har"));

# Either use a matching response from the HAR,
# or abort the request if nothing matches.
await page.route_from_har("example.har")

# Either use a matching response from the HAR,
# or abort the request if nothing matches.
page.route_from_har("example.har")

// Either use a matching response from the HAR,
// or abort the request if nothing matches.
await context.RouteFromHARAsync("example.har");

HAR replay matches URL and HTTP method strictly. For POST requests, it also matches POST payloads strictly. If multiple recordings match a request, the one with the most matching headers is picked. An entry resulting in a redirect will be followed automatically.

Similar to when recording, if given HAR file name ends with .zip, it is considered an archive containing the HAR file along with network payloads stored as separate entries. You can also extract this archive, edit payloads or HAR log manually and point to the extracted har file. All the payloads will be resolved relative to the extracted har file on the file system.

WebSockets

Playwright supports WebSockets inspection out of the box. Every time a WebSocket is created, the [event: Page.webSocket] event is fired. This event contains the [WebSocket] instance for further web socket frames inspection:

page.on('websocket', ws => {
  console.log(`WebSocket opened: ${ws.url()}>`);
  ws.on('framesent', event => console.log(event.payload));
  ws.on('framereceived', event => console.log(event.payload));
  ws.on('close', () => console.log('WebSocket closed'));
});

page.onWebSocket(ws -> {
  log("WebSocket opened: " + ws.url());
  ws.onFrameSent(frameData -> log(frameData.text()));
  ws.onFrameReceived(frameData -> log(frameData.text()));
  ws.onClose(ws1 -> log("WebSocket closed"));
});

def on_web_socket(ws):
    print(f"WebSocket opened: {ws.url}")
    ws.on("framesent", lambda payload: print(payload))
    ws.on("framereceived", lambda payload: print(payload))
    ws.on("close", lambda payload: print("WebSocket closed"))

page.on("websocket", on_web_socket)

page.WebSocket += (_, ws) =>
{
    Console.WriteLine("WebSocket opened: " + ws.Url);
    ws.FrameSent += (_, f) => Console.WriteLine(f.Text);
    ws.FrameReceived += (_, f) => Console.WriteLine(f.Text);
    ws.Close += (_, ws1) => Console.WriteLine("WebSocket closed");
};

Missing Network Events and Service Workers

Playwright's built-in [method: BrowserContext.route] and [method: Page.route] allow your tests to natively route requests and perform mocking and interception.

1. If you're using Playwright's native [method: BrowserContext.route] and [method: Page.route], and it appears network events are missing, disable Service Workers by setting [option: Browser.newContext.serviceWorkers] to 'block'.
2. It might be that you are using a mock tool such as Mock Service Worker (MSW). While this tool works out of the box for mocking responses, it adds its own Service Worker that takes over the network requests, hence making them invisible to [method: BrowserContext.route] and [method: Page.route]. If you are interested in both network testing and mocking, consider using built-in [method: BrowserContext.route] and [method: Page.route] for response mocking.
3. If you're interested in not solely using Service Workers for testing and network mocking, but in routing and listening for requests made by Service Workers themselves, please see this experimental feature.