hasql/library/Hasql.hs
2014-12-27 03:43:49 +03:00

301 lines
8.5 KiB
Haskell

{-# LANGUAGE UndecidableInstances #-}
-- |
-- This is the API of the \"hasql\" library.
-- For an introduction to the package
-- and links to more documentation please refer to
-- <../ the package's index page>.
--
-- This API is completely disinfected from exceptions.
-- All error-reporting is explicit and
-- is presented using the 'Either' type.
module Hasql
(
-- * Pool
Pool,
acquirePool,
releasePool,
-- ** Pool Settings
PoolSettings,
poolSettings,
-- * Statement
Bknd.Stmt,
q,
-- ** Statement Execution
unitTx,
countTx,
maybeTx,
vectorTx,
streamTx,
-- * Transaction
Tx,
tx,
-- ** Transaction Settings
Bknd.TxMode(..),
Bknd.TxIsolationLevel(..),
Bknd.TxWriteMode(..),
-- ** Transaction Error
TxError(..),
-- ** Result Stream
TxListT,
-- * Row Parser
RowParser.RowParser,
)
where
import Hasql.Prelude
import qualified Hasql.Backend as Bknd
import qualified Hasql.RowParser as RowParser
import qualified Hasql.QParser as QParser
import qualified ListT
import qualified Data.Pool as Pool
import qualified Data.Vector as Vector
import qualified Data.Vector.Mutable as MVector
import qualified Language.Haskell.TH as TH
import qualified Language.Haskell.TH.Quote as TH
import qualified Hasql.TH as THUtil
-- * Resources
-------------------------
-- |
-- A connection pool.
newtype Pool c =
Pool (Pool.Pool (Either (Bknd.CxError c) c))
-- |
-- Given backend-specific connection settings and pool settings,
-- acquire a backend connection pool,
-- which can then be used to work with the DB.
acquirePool :: Bknd.Cx c => Bknd.CxSettings c -> PoolSettings -> IO (Pool c)
acquirePool cxSettings (PoolSettings size timeout) =
fmap Pool $
Pool.createPool (Bknd.acquireCx cxSettings)
(either (const $ return ()) Bknd.releaseCx)
(1)
(fromIntegral timeout)
(size)
-- |
-- Release all connections acquired by the pool.
releasePool :: Pool c -> IO ()
releasePool (Pool p) =
Pool.destroyAllResources p
-- ** Pool Settings
-------------------------
-- |
-- Settings of a pool.
data PoolSettings =
PoolSettings !Int !Int
-- |
-- A smart constructor for pool settings.
poolSettings ::
Int
-- ^
-- The maximum number of connections to keep open.
-- The smallest acceptable value is 1.
-- Requests for connections will block if this limit is reached.
->
Int
-- ^
-- The amount of seconds for which an unused connection is kept open.
-- The smallest acceptable value is 1.
->
Maybe PoolSettings
-- ^
-- Maybe pool settings, if they are correct.
poolSettings size timeout =
if size > 0 && timeout >= 1
then Just $ PoolSettings size timeout
else Nothing
-- * Transaction
-------------------------
-- |
-- A transaction specialized for a backend connection @c@,
-- associated with its intermediate results using an anonymous type-argument @s@ (same trick as in 'ST')
-- and producing a result @r@.
--
-- Running `IO` in `Tx` is prohibited.
-- The motivation is identical to `STM`:
-- the `Tx` block may get executed multiple times if any transaction conflicts arise.
-- This will result in your effectful `IO` code being executed
-- an unpredictable amount of times as well,
-- which, chances are, is not what you want.
newtype Tx c s r =
Tx (EitherT (TxError c) (Bknd.Tx c) r)
deriving (Functor, Applicative, Monad, MonadError (TxError c))
data TxError c =
-- |
-- A backend-specific connection acquisition error.
-- E.g., a failure to establish a connection.
BackendCxError (Bknd.CxError c) |
-- |
-- A backend-specific transaction error.
-- It should cover all possible failures related to an established connection,
-- including the loss of connection, query errors and database failures.
BackendTxError (Bknd.TxError c) |
-- |
-- Attempt to parse a result into an incompatible type.
-- Indicates either a mismatching schema or an incorrect query.
UnparsableResult Text
deriving instance (Show (Bknd.CxError c), Show (Bknd.TxError c)) => Show (TxError c)
deriving instance (Eq (Bknd.CxError c), Eq (Bknd.TxError c)) => Eq (TxError c)
-- |
-- Execute a transaction on a connection pool.
--
-- This function ensures on the type level,
-- that it's impossible to return @'TxListT' s m r@ from it.
tx :: Bknd.CxTx c => Pool c -> Bknd.TxMode -> (forall s. Tx c s r) -> IO (Either (TxError c) r)
tx (Pool pool) mode (Tx m) =
Pool.withResource pool $ \e ->
runEitherT $ do
c <- hoistEither $ mapLeft BackendCxError e
let
attempt =
do
r <- EitherT $ fmap (either (Left . BackendTxError) Right) $
Bknd.runTx c mode $ runEitherT m
maybe attempt hoistEither r
in attempt
-- * Statements execution
-------------------------
-- |
-- Execute a statement without processing the result.
unitTx :: Bknd.Stmt c -> Tx c s ()
unitTx =
Tx . lift . Bknd.unitTx
-- |
-- Execute a statement and count the amount of affected rows.
-- Useful for resolving how many rows were updated or deleted.
countTx :: Bknd.CxValue c Word64 => Bknd.Stmt c -> Tx c s Word64
countTx =
Tx . lift . Bknd.countTx
-- |
-- Execute a statement,
-- which produces a single result row.
-- E.g.,
-- a @SELECT@
-- or an @INSERT@, which produces a generated value (e.g., an auto-incremented id),
-- or an @UPDATE@ or @DELETE@, counting the affected rows.
maybeTx :: RowParser.RowParser c r => Bknd.Stmt c -> Tx c s (Maybe r)
maybeTx s =
Tx $ do
r <- lift $ Bknd.maybeTx s
EitherT $ return $ traverse ((mapLeft UnparsableResult) . RowParser.parseRow) $ r
-- |
-- Execute a @SELECT@ statement,
-- and produce a vector of results.
vectorTx :: RowParser.RowParser c r => Bknd.Stmt c -> Tx c s (Vector r)
vectorTx s =
Tx $ do
r <- lift $ Bknd.vectorTx s
EitherT $ return $ traverse ((mapLeft UnparsableResult) . RowParser.parseRow) $ r
-- |
-- Execute a @SELECT@ statement with a cursor,
-- and produce a result stream.
--
-- Cursor allows you to fetch virtually limitless results in a constant memory
-- at a cost of a small overhead.
-- Note that in most databases cursors require establishing a database transaction,
-- so depending on a backend the transaction may result in an error,
-- if you run it improperly.
streamTx :: RowParser.RowParser c r => Bknd.Stmt c -> Tx c s (TxListT s (Tx c s) r)
streamTx s =
Tx $ do
r <- lift $ Bknd.streamTx s
return $ TxListT $ do
row <- hoist (Tx . lift) r
lift $ Tx $ EitherT $ return $ mapLeft UnparsableResult $ RowParser.parseRow $ row
-- * Result Stream
-------------------------
-- |
-- A stream of results,
-- which fetches only those that you reach.
--
-- It's a wrapper around 'ListT.ListT',
-- which uses the same trick as the 'ST' monad to associate with the
-- context transaction and become impossible to be used outside of it.
-- This lets the library ensure that it is safe to automatically
-- release all the connections associated with this stream.
--
-- All the functions of the \"list-t\" library are applicable to this type,
-- amongst which are 'ListT.head', 'ListT.toList', 'ListT.fold', 'ListT.traverse_'.
newtype TxListT s m r =
TxListT (ListT.ListT m r)
deriving (Functor, Applicative, Alternative, Monad, MonadTrans, MonadPlus,
Monoid, ListT.MonadCons)
instance ListT.MonadTransUncons (TxListT s) where
uncons =
(liftM . fmap . fmap) (unsafeCoerce :: ListT.ListT m r -> TxListT s m r) .
ListT.uncons .
(unsafeCoerce :: TxListT s m r -> ListT.ListT m r)
-- * Statements quasi-quotation
-------------------------
-- |
-- Produces a lambda-expression,
-- which takes as many parameters as there are placeholders in the quoted text
-- and results in a 'Bknd.Stmt'.
--
-- E.g.:
--
-- >selectSum :: Int -> Int -> Stmt c
-- >selectSum = [q|SELECT (? + ?)|]
--
q :: TH.QuasiQuoter
q =
TH.QuasiQuoter
(parseExp)
(const $ fail "Pattern context is not supported")
(const $ fail "Type context is not supported")
(const $ fail "Declaration context is not supported")
where
parseExp s =
do
n <- either (fail . showString "Parsing failure: ") return (QParser.parse (fromString s))
return $ statementF s (fromIntegral n)
statementF s n =
TH.LamE
(map TH.VarP argNames)
(THUtil.purify [|Bknd.Stmt $(pure statementE) $(pure argsE) True|])
where
argNames =
map (TH.mkName . ('_' :) . show) [1 .. n]
statementE =
TH.LitE (TH.StringL s)
argsE =
THUtil.vectorE $
map (\x -> THUtil.purify [| Bknd.encodeValue $(TH.varE x) |]) $
argNames