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"use strict";
// Fix back button cache problem
window.onunload = function () { };
// Global variable, shared between modules
function playground_text(playground, hidden = true) {
let code_block = playground.querySelector("code");
if (window.ace && code_block.classList.contains("editable")) {
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mac: "Ctrl-Enter"
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function update_play_button(pre_block, playground_crates) {
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var re = /extern\s+crate\s+([a-zA-Z_0-9]+)\s*;/g;
var snippet_crates = [];
var item;
while (item = re.exec(txt)) {
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}
// check if all used crates are available on play.rust-lang.org
var all_available = snippet_crates.every(function (elem) {
return playground_crates.indexOf(elem) > -1;
});
if (all_available) {
play_button.classList.remove("hidden");
} else {
play_button.classList.add("hidden");
}
}
function run_rust_code(code_block) {
var result_block = code_block.querySelector(".result");
if (!result_block) {
result_block = document.createElement('code');
result_block.className = 'result hljs language-bash';
code_block.append(result_block);
}
let text = playground_text(code_block);
let classes = code_block.querySelector('code').classList;
let edition = "2015";
if(classes.contains("edition2018")) {
edition = "2018";
} else if(classes.contains("edition2021")) {
edition = "2021";
}
var params = {
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optimize: "0",
code: text,
edition: edition
};
if (text.indexOf("#![feature") !== -1) {
params.version = "nightly";
}
result_block.innerText = "Running...";
fetch_with_timeout("https://play.rust-lang.org/evaluate.json", {
headers: {
'Content-Type': "application/json",
},
method: 'POST',
mode: 'cors',
body: JSON.stringify(params)
})
.then(response => response.json())
.then(response => {
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result_block.classList.add("result-no-output");
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}
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tabReplace: ' ', // 4 spaces
languages: [], // Languages used for auto-detection
});
let code_nodes = Array
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.filter(function (node) {return !node.parentElement.classList.contains("header"); });
if (window.ace) {
// language-rust class needs to be removed for editable
// blocks or highlightjs will capture events
code_nodes
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code_nodes
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.forEach(function (block) { hljs.highlightBlock(block); });
} else {
code_nodes.forEach(function (block) { hljs.highlightBlock(block); });
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<h1 id="continuous-integration-setup-ci"><a class="header" href="#continuous-integration-setup-ci">Continuous Integration setup (CI)</a></h1>
<p>Traditionally, the CI build environment has to be kept in sync with the
project. If the project needs <code>make</code> to build, the CI has to be configured to
have it available. This can become quite tricky whenever a version requirement
changes.</p>
<p>With devshell, the only dependency is Nix. Once the devshell is built, all the
dependencies are loaded into scope and automatically are in sync with the
current code checkout.</p>
<h2 id="general-approach"><a class="header" href="#general-approach">General approach</a></h2>
<p>The only dependency we need installed in the CI environment is Nix.</p>
<p>Assuming that the <code>shell.nix</code> file exists, the general approach is to build it
with nix to get back the entrypoint script. And then executed that script with
the commands.</p>
<p>For example, let's say that <code>make</code> is being used to build the project.</p>
<p>The <code>devshell.toml</code> would have it as part of its commands:</p>
<pre><code class="language-toml">[[commands]]
package = "gnumake"
</code></pre>
<p>All the CI has to do, is this: <code>nix-shell --run "$(nix-build shell.nix)/entrypoint make"</code>.</p>
<ol>
<li><code>$(nix-build shell.nix)/entrypoint</code> outputs a path to the entrypoint script</li>
<li><code>nix-shell --run</code> sets the required environment variables for the entrypoint script to work.</li>
<li>The entrypoint script is executed with <code>make</code> as an argument. It loads the
environment.</li>
<li>Finally make is executed in the context of the project environment, with
all the same dependencies as the developer's.</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="hercules-ci"><a class="header" href="#hercules-ci">Hercules CI</a></h2>
<p><a href="https://hercules-ci.com">Hercules CI</a> is a Nix-based continuous integration and deployment service.</p>
<h3 id="build"><a class="header" href="#build">Build</a></h3>
<p>If you haven't packaged your project with Nix or if a check can't run in the Nix sandbox, you can run it as an <a href="https://docs.hercules-ci.com/hercules-ci/effects/">effect</a>.</p>
<p><code>ci.nix</code></p>
<pre><code>let
shell = import ./shell.nix {};
pkgs = shell.pkgs;
effectsSrc =
builtins.fetchTarball "https://github.com/hercules-ci/hercules-ci-effects/archive/COMMIT_HASH.tar.gz";
inherit (import effectsSrc { inherit pkgs; }) effects;
in
{
inherit shell;
build = effects.mkEffect {
src = ./.;
effectScript = ''
go build
'';
inputs = [
shell.hook
];
};
}
</code></pre>
<p>Replace COMMIT_HASH by the latest git sha from <a href="https://github.com/hercules-ci/hercules-ci-effects/commit/master"><code>hercules-ci-effects</code></a>,
or, if you prefer, you can bring <code>effects</code> into scope <a href="https://docs.hercules-ci.com/hercules-ci-effects/guide/import-or-pin/">using another pinning method</a>.</p>
<h3 id="run-locally"><a class="header" href="#run-locally">Run locally</a></h3>
<p>The <a href="https://docs.hercules-ci.com/hercules-ci-agent/hci/"><code>hci</code> command</a> is available in <code>nixos-21.05</code> and <code>nixos-unstable</code>.</p>
<p><code>devshell.toml</code></p>
<pre><code>[[commands]]
package = "hci"
</code></pre>
<p>Use <a href="https://docs.hercules-ci.com/hercules-ci-agent/hci/"><code>hci effect run</code></a>. Following the previous example:</p>
<pre><code class="language-console">hci effect run build --no-token
</code></pre>
<h3 id="shell-only"><a class="header" href="#shell-only">Shell only</a></h3>
<p>To build the shell itself on <code>x86_64-linux</code>:</p>
<p><code>ci.nix</code></p>
<pre><code>{
shell = import ./shell.nix {};
# ... any extra Nix packages you want to build; perhaps
# pkgs = import ./default.nix {} // { recurseForDerivations = true; };
}
</code></pre>
<h3 id="system"><a class="header" href="#system"><code>system</code></a></h3>
<p>If you build for <a href="https://docs.hercules-ci.com/hercules-ci/guides/multi-platform/">multiple systems</a>, pass <code>system</code>:</p>
<pre><code>import ./shell.nix { inherit system; };
</code></pre>
<h2 id="github-actions"><a class="header" href="#github-actions">GitHub Actions</a></h2>
<p>Add the following file to your project. Replace the <code>&lt;your build command&gt;</code>
part with whatever is needed to build the project.</p>
<p><code>.github/workflows/devshell.yml</code></p>
<pre><code class="language-yaml">name: devshell
on:
push:
branches:
- master
pull_request:
workflow_dispatch:
jobs:
build:
strategy:
matrix:
os: [ ubuntu-20.04, macos-latest ]
runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v2
- uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v12
- uses: cachix/cachix-action@v8
with:
name: "&lt;your cache here&gt;"
signingKey: '${{ secrets.CACHIX_SIGNING_KEY }}'
- run: |
source "$(nix-build shell.nix)"
&lt;your build command&gt;
</code></pre>
<h2 id="todo"><a class="header" href="#todo">TODO</a></h2>
<p>Add more CI-specific examples.</p>
</div>
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<nav class="nav-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation">
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/* CSS for UI elements (a.k.a. chrome) */
html {
scrollbar-color: var(--scrollbar) var(--bg);
}
#searchresults a,
.content a:link,
a:visited,
a > .hljs {
color: var(--links);
}
/*
body-container is necessary because mobile browsers don't seem to like
overflow-x on the body tag when there is a <meta name="viewport"> tag.
*/
#body-container {
/*
This is used when the sidebar pushes the body content off the side of
the screen on small screens. Without it, dragging on mobile Safari
will want to reposition the viewport in a weird way.
*/
overflow-x: clip;
}
/* Menu Bar */
#menu-bar,
#menu-bar-hover-placeholder {
z-index: 101;
margin: auto calc(0px - var(--page-padding));
}
#menu-bar {
position: relative;
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
background-color: var(--bg);
border-block-end-color: var(--bg);
border-block-end-width: 1px;
border-block-end-style: solid;
}
#menu-bar.sticky,
.js #menu-bar-hover-placeholder:hover + #menu-bar,
.js #menu-bar:hover,
.js.sidebar-visible #menu-bar {
position: -webkit-sticky;
position: sticky;
top: 0 !important;
}
#menu-bar-hover-placeholder {
position: sticky;
position: -webkit-sticky;
top: 0;
height: var(--menu-bar-height);
}
#menu-bar.bordered {
border-block-end-color: var(--table-border-color);
}
#menu-bar i, #menu-bar .icon-button {
position: relative;
padding: 0 8px;
z-index: 10;
line-height: var(--menu-bar-height);
cursor: pointer;
transition: color 0.5s;
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 420px) {
#menu-bar i, #menu-bar .icon-button {
padding: 0 5px;
}
}
.icon-button {
border: none;
background: none;
padding: 0;
color: inherit;
}
.icon-button i {
margin: 0;
}
.right-buttons {
margin: 0 15px;
}
.right-buttons a {
text-decoration: none;
}
.left-buttons {
display: flex;
margin: 0 5px;
}
.no-js .left-buttons button {
display: none;
}
.menu-title {
display: inline-block;
font-weight: 200;
font-size: 2.4rem;
line-height: var(--menu-bar-height);
text-align: center;
margin: 0;
flex: 1;
white-space: nowrap;
overflow: hidden;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
.js .menu-title {
cursor: pointer;
}
.menu-bar,
.menu-bar:visited,
.nav-chapters,
.nav-chapters:visited,
.mobile-nav-chapters,
.mobile-nav-chapters:visited,
.menu-bar .icon-button,
.menu-bar a i {
color: var(--icons);
}
.menu-bar i:hover,
.menu-bar .icon-button:hover,
.nav-chapters:hover,
.mobile-nav-chapters i:hover {
color: var(--icons-hover);
}
/* Nav Icons */
.nav-chapters {
font-size: 2.5em;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none;
position: fixed;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
margin: 0;
max-width: 150px;
min-width: 90px;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-content: center;
flex-direction: column;
transition: color 0.5s, background-color 0.5s;
}
.nav-chapters:hover {
text-decoration: none;
background-color: var(--theme-hover);
transition: background-color 0.15s, color 0.15s;
}
.nav-wrapper {
margin-block-start: 50px;
display: none;
}
.mobile-nav-chapters {
font-size: 2.5em;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none;
width: 90px;
border-radius: 5px;
background-color: var(--sidebar-bg);
}
/* Only Firefox supports flow-relative values */
.previous { float: left; }
[dir=rtl] .previous { float: right; }
/* Only Firefox supports flow-relative values */
.next {
float: right;
right: var(--page-padding);
}
[dir=rtl] .next {
float: left;
right: unset;
left: var(--page-padding);
}
/* Use the correct buttons for RTL layouts*/
[dir=rtl] .previous i.fa-angle-left:before {content:"\f105";}
[dir=rtl] .next i.fa-angle-right:before { content:"\f104"; }
@media only screen and (max-width: 1080px) {
.nav-wide-wrapper { display: none; }
.nav-wrapper { display: block; }
}
/* sidebar-visible */
@media only screen and (max-width: 1380px) {
#sidebar-toggle-anchor:checked ~ .page-wrapper .nav-wide-wrapper { display: none; }
#sidebar-toggle-anchor:checked ~ .page-wrapper .nav-wrapper { display: block; }
}
/* Inline code */
:not(pre) > .hljs {
display: inline;
padding: 0.1em 0.3em;
border-radius: 3px;
}
:not(pre):not(a) > .hljs {
color: var(--inline-code-color);
overflow-x: initial;
}
a:hover > .hljs {
text-decoration: underline;
}
pre {
position: relative;
}
pre > .buttons {
position: absolute;
z-index: 100;
right: 0px;
top: 2px;
margin: 0px;
padding: 2px 0px;
color: var(--sidebar-fg);
cursor: pointer;
visibility: hidden;
opacity: 0;
transition: visibility 0.1s linear, opacity 0.1s linear;
}
pre:hover > .buttons {
visibility: visible;
opacity: 1
}
pre > .buttons :hover {
color: var(--sidebar-active);
border-color: var(--icons-hover);
background-color: var(--theme-hover);
}
pre > .buttons i {
margin-inline-start: 8px;
}
pre > .buttons button {
cursor: inherit;
margin: 0px 5px;
padding: 3px 5px;
font-size: 14px;
border-style: solid;
border-width: 1px;
border-radius: 4px;
border-color: var(--icons);
background-color: var(--theme-popup-bg);
transition: 100ms;
transition-property: color,border-color,background-color;
color: var(--icons);
}
@media (pointer: coarse) {
pre > .buttons button {
/* On mobile, make it easier to tap buttons. */
padding: 0.3rem 1rem;
}
.sidebar-resize-indicator {
/* Hide resize indicator on devices with limited accuracy */
display: none;
}
}
pre > code {
display: block;
padding: 1rem;
}
/* FIXME: ACE editors overlap their buttons because ACE does absolute
positioning within the code block which breaks padding. The only solution I
can think of is to move the padding to the outer pre tag (or insert a div
wrapper), but that would require fixing a whole bunch of CSS rules.
*/
.hljs.ace_editor {
padding: 0rem 0rem;
}
pre > .result {
margin-block-start: 10px;
}
/* Search */
#searchresults a {
text-decoration: none;
}
mark {
border-radius: 2px;
padding-block-start: 0;
padding-block-end: 1px;
padding-inline-start: 3px;
padding-inline-end: 3px;
margin-block-start: 0;
margin-block-end: -1px;
margin-inline-start: -3px;
margin-inline-end: -3px;
background-color: var(--search-mark-bg);
transition: background-color 300ms linear;
cursor: pointer;
}
mark.fade-out {
background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0) !important;
cursor: auto;
}
.searchbar-outer {
margin-inline-start: auto;
margin-inline-end: auto;
max-width: var(--content-max-width);
}
#searchbar {
width: 100%;
margin-block-start: 5px;
margin-block-end: 0;
margin-inline-start: auto;
margin-inline-end: auto;
padding: 10px 16px;
transition: box-shadow 300ms ease-in-out;
border: 1px solid var(--searchbar-border-color);
border-radius: 3px;
background-color: var(--searchbar-bg);
color: var(--searchbar-fg);
}
#searchbar:focus,
#searchbar.active {
box-shadow: 0 0 3px var(--searchbar-shadow-color);
}
.searchresults-header {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 1em;
padding-block-start: 18px;
padding-block-end: 0;
padding-inline-start: 5px;
padding-inline-end: 0;
color: var(--searchresults-header-fg);
}
.searchresults-outer {
margin-inline-start: auto;
margin-inline-end: auto;
max-width: var(--content-max-width);
border-block-end: 1px dashed var(--searchresults-border-color);
}
ul#searchresults {
list-style: none;
padding-inline-start: 20px;
}
ul#searchresults li {
margin: 10px 0px;
padding: 2px;
border-radius: 2px;
}
ul#searchresults li.focus {
background-color: var(--searchresults-li-bg);
}
ul#searchresults span.teaser {
display: block;
clear: both;
margin-block-start: 5px;
margin-block-end: 0;
margin-inline-start: 20px;
margin-inline-end: 0;
font-size: 0.8em;
}
ul#searchresults span.teaser em {
font-weight: bold;
font-style: normal;
}
/* Sidebar */
.sidebar {
position: fixed;
left: 0;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
width: var(--sidebar-width);
font-size: 0.875em;
box-sizing: border-box;
-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
overscroll-behavior-y: contain;
background-color: var(--sidebar-bg);
color: var(--sidebar-fg);
}
[dir=rtl] .sidebar { left: unset; right: 0; }
.sidebar-resizing {
-moz-user-select: none;
-webkit-user-select: none;
-ms-user-select: none;
user-select: none;
}
.no-js .sidebar,
.js:not(.sidebar-resizing) .sidebar {
transition: transform 0.3s; /* Animation: slide away */
}
.sidebar code {
line-height: 2em;
}
.sidebar .sidebar-scrollbox {
overflow-y: auto;
position: absolute;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
right: 0;
padding: 10px 10px;
}
.sidebar .sidebar-resize-handle {
position: absolute;
cursor: col-resize;
width: 0;
right: calc(var(--sidebar-resize-indicator-width) * -1);
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
}
.sidebar-resize-handle .sidebar-resize-indicator {
width: 100%;
height: 12px;
background-color: var(--icons);
margin-inline-start: var(--sidebar-resize-indicator-space);
}
[dir=rtl] .sidebar .sidebar-resize-handle {
left: calc(var(--sidebar-resize-indicator-width) * -1);
right: unset;
}
.js .sidebar .sidebar-resize-handle {
cursor: col-resize;
width: calc(var(--sidebar-resize-indicator-width) - var(--sidebar-resize-indicator-space));
}
/* sidebar-hidden */
#sidebar-toggle-anchor:not(:checked) ~ .sidebar {
transform: translateX(calc(0px - var(--sidebar-width) - var(--sidebar-resize-indicator-width)));
z-index: -1;
}
[dir=rtl] #sidebar-toggle-anchor:not(:checked) ~ .sidebar {
transform: translateX(calc(var(--sidebar-width) + var(--sidebar-resize-indicator-width)));
}
.sidebar::-webkit-scrollbar {
background: var(--sidebar-bg);
}
.sidebar::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
background: var(--scrollbar);
}
/* sidebar-visible */
#sidebar-toggle-anchor:checked ~ .page-wrapper {
transform: translateX(calc(var(--sidebar-width) + var(--sidebar-resize-indicator-width)));
}
[dir=rtl] #sidebar-toggle-anchor:checked ~ .page-wrapper {
transform: translateX(calc(0px - var(--sidebar-width) - var(--sidebar-resize-indicator-width)));
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 620px) {
#sidebar-toggle-anchor:checked ~ .page-wrapper {
transform: none;
margin-inline-start: calc(var(--sidebar-width) + var(--sidebar-resize-indicator-width));
}
[dir=rtl] #sidebar-toggle-anchor:checked ~ .page-wrapper {
transform: none;
}
}
.chapter {
list-style: none outside none;
padding-inline-start: 0;
line-height: 2.2em;
}
.chapter ol {
width: 100%;
}
.chapter li {
display: flex;
color: var(--sidebar-non-existant);
}
.chapter li a {
display: block;
padding: 0;
text-decoration: none;
color: var(--sidebar-fg);
}
.chapter li a:hover {
color: var(--sidebar-active);
}
.chapter li a.active {
color: var(--sidebar-active);
}
.chapter li > a.toggle {
cursor: pointer;
display: block;
margin-inline-start: auto;
padding: 0 10px;
user-select: none;
opacity: 0.68;
}
.chapter li > a.toggle div {
transition: transform 0.5s;
}
/* collapse the section */
.chapter li:not(.expanded) + li > ol {
display: none;
}
.chapter li.chapter-item {
line-height: 1.5em;
margin-block-start: 0.6em;
}
.chapter li.expanded > a.toggle div {
transform: rotate(90deg);
}
.spacer {
width: 100%;
height: 3px;
margin: 5px 0px;
}
.chapter .spacer {
background-color: var(--sidebar-spacer);
}
@media (-moz-touch-enabled: 1), (pointer: coarse) {
.chapter li a { padding: 5px 0; }
.spacer { margin: 10px 0; }
}
.section {
list-style: none outside none;
padding-inline-start: 20px;
line-height: 1.9em;
}
/* Theme Menu Popup */
.theme-popup {
position: absolute;
left: 10px;
top: var(--menu-bar-height);
z-index: 1000;
border-radius: 4px;
font-size: 0.7em;
color: var(--fg);
background: var(--theme-popup-bg);
border: 1px solid var(--theme-popup-border);
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
display: none;
/* Don't let the children's background extend past the rounded corners. */
overflow: hidden;
}
[dir=rtl] .theme-popup { left: unset; right: 10px; }
.theme-popup .default {
color: var(--icons);
}
.theme-popup .theme {
width: 100%;
border: 0;
margin: 0;
padding: 2px 20px;
line-height: 25px;
white-space: nowrap;
text-align: start;
cursor: pointer;
color: inherit;
background: inherit;
font-size: inherit;
}
.theme-popup .theme:hover {
background-color: var(--theme-hover);
}
.theme-selected::before {
display: inline-block;
content: "✓";
margin-inline-start: -14px;
width: 14px;
}

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/* Base styles and content styles */
:root {
/* Browser default font-size is 16px, this way 1 rem = 10px */
font-size: 62.5%;
color-scheme: var(--color-scheme);
}
html {
font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif;
color: var(--fg);
background-color: var(--bg);
text-size-adjust: none;
-webkit-text-size-adjust: none;
}
body {
margin: 0;
font-size: 1.6rem;
overflow-x: hidden;
}
code {
font-family: var(--mono-font) !important;
font-size: var(--code-font-size);
direction: ltr !important;
}
/* make long words/inline code not x overflow */
main {
overflow-wrap: break-word;
}
/* make wide tables scroll if they overflow */
.table-wrapper {
overflow-x: auto;
}
/* Don't change font size in headers. */
h1 code, h2 code, h3 code, h4 code, h5 code, h6 code {
font-size: unset;
}
.left { float: left; }
.right { float: right; }
.boring { opacity: 0.6; }
.hide-boring .boring { display: none; }
.hidden { display: none !important; }
h2, h3 { margin-block-start: 2.5em; }
h4, h5 { margin-block-start: 2em; }
.header + .header h3,
.header + .header h4,
.header + .header h5 {
margin-block-start: 1em;
}
h1:target::before,
h2:target::before,
h3:target::before,
h4:target::before,
h5:target::before,
h6:target::before {
display: inline-block;
content: "»";
margin-inline-start: -30px;
width: 30px;
}
/* This is broken on Safari as of version 14, but is fixed
in Safari Technology Preview 117 which I think will be Safari 14.2.
https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=218076
*/
:target {
/* Safari does not support logical properties */
scroll-margin-top: calc(var(--menu-bar-height) + 0.5em);
}
.page {
outline: 0;
padding: 0 var(--page-padding);
margin-block-start: calc(0px - var(--menu-bar-height)); /* Compensate for the #menu-bar-hover-placeholder */
}
.page-wrapper {
box-sizing: border-box;
background-color: var(--bg);
}
.no-js .page-wrapper,
.js:not(.sidebar-resizing) .page-wrapper {
transition: margin-left 0.3s ease, transform 0.3s ease; /* Animation: slide away */
}
[dir=rtl] .js:not(.sidebar-resizing) .page-wrapper {
transition: margin-right 0.3s ease, transform 0.3s ease; /* Animation: slide away */
}
.content {
overflow-y: auto;
padding: 0 5px 50px 5px;
}
.content main {
margin-inline-start: auto;
margin-inline-end: auto;
max-width: var(--content-max-width);
}
.content p { line-height: 1.45em; }
.content ol { line-height: 1.45em; }
.content ul { line-height: 1.45em; }
.content a { text-decoration: none; }
.content a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.content img, .content video { max-width: 100%; }
.content .header:link,
.content .header:visited {
color: var(--fg);
}
.content .header:link,
.content .header:visited:hover {
text-decoration: none;
}
table {
margin: 0 auto;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
table td {
padding: 3px 20px;
border: 1px var(--table-border-color) solid;
}
table thead {
background: var(--table-header-bg);
}
table thead td {
font-weight: 700;
border: none;
}
table thead th {
padding: 3px 20px;
}
table thead tr {
border: 1px var(--table-header-bg) solid;
}
/* Alternate background colors for rows */
table tbody tr:nth-child(2n) {
background: var(--table-alternate-bg);
}
blockquote {
margin: 20px 0;
padding: 0 20px;
color: var(--fg);
background-color: var(--quote-bg);
border-block-start: .1em solid var(--quote-border);
border-block-end: .1em solid var(--quote-border);
}
.warning {
margin: 20px;
padding: 0 20px;
border-inline-start: 2px solid var(--warning-border);
}
.warning:before {
position: absolute;
width: 3rem;
height: 3rem;
margin-inline-start: calc(-1.5rem - 21px);
content: "ⓘ";
text-align: center;
background-color: var(--bg);
color: var(--warning-border);
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 2rem;
}
blockquote .warning:before {
background-color: var(--quote-bg);
}
kbd {
background-color: var(--table-border-color);
border-radius: 4px;
border: solid 1px var(--theme-popup-border);
box-shadow: inset 0 -1px 0 var(--theme-hover);
display: inline-block;
font-size: var(--code-font-size);
font-family: var(--mono-font);
line-height: 10px;
padding: 4px 5px;
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}

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<h1 id="env-vars"><a class="header" href="#env-vars">Env vars</a></h1>
<p>This section describes a few environment variables that can influence the
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<h2 id="devshell_no_motd1"><a class="header" href="#devshell_no_motd1"><code>DEVSHELL_NO_MOTD=1</code></a></h2>
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<h1 class="menu-title">devshell</h1>
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<h1 id="extending-devshell"><a class="header" href="#extending-devshell">Extending devshell</a></h1>
<p>When the base modules that are provided by devshell are not enough, it is
possible to extend it.</p>
<h2 id="extra-modules"><a class="header" href="#extra-modules">Extra modules</a></h2>
<p>All the <code>devshell.toml</code> schema options that are <code>Declared in:</code> the <code>extra/</code>
folder in the schema documentation are loaded on demand.</p>
<p>In order to load an extra module, use the <code>&lt;name&gt;</code> in the import section. For
example to make the <code>locale</code> options available, import <code>locale</code>:</p>
<p><code>devshell.toml</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-toml">imports = ["locale"]
</code></pre>
<p>Make sure to add this at the first statement in the file.</p>
<p>Now that the module has been loaded, the <code>devshell.toml</code> understands the
<code>locale</code> prefix:</p>
<pre><code class="language-toml">imports = ["locale"]
[locale]
lang = "en_US.UTF-8"
</code></pre>
<p>From a nix flake you would import it like</p>
<pre><code class="language-nix">imports = ["${devshell}/extra/locale.nix"];
</code></pre>
<h2 id="building-your-own-modules"><a class="header" href="#building-your-own-modules">Building your own modules</a></h2>
<p>Building your own modules requires to understand the Nix language. If
this is too complicated, please reach out to the issue tracker and describe
your use-case. We want to be able to support a wide variety of development
scenario.</p>
<p>In the same way as previously introduced, devshell will also load files that
are relative to the <code>devshell.toml</code>. For example:</p>
<pre><code class="language-toml">imports = ["mymodule.nix"]
</code></pre>
<p>Will load the <code>mymodule.nix</code> file in the project repository and extend the
<code>devshell.toml</code> schema accordingly.</p>
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Copyright 2010, 2012 Adobe Systems Incorporated (http://www.adobe.com/), with Reserved Font Name 'Source'. All Rights Reserved. Source is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other countries.
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/* Open Sans is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 */
/* Source Code Pro is under the Open Font License. See https://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&id=OFL */
/* open-sans-300 - latin_vietnamese_latin-ext_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic */
@font-face {
font-family: 'Open Sans';
font-style: normal;
font-weight: 300;
src: local('Open Sans Light'), local('OpenSans-Light'),
url('open-sans-v17-all-charsets-300.woff2') format('woff2');
}
/* open-sans-300italic - latin_vietnamese_latin-ext_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic */
@font-face {
font-family: 'Open Sans';
font-style: italic;
font-weight: 300;
src: local('Open Sans Light Italic'), local('OpenSans-LightItalic'),
url('open-sans-v17-all-charsets-300italic.woff2') format('woff2');
}
/* open-sans-regular - latin_vietnamese_latin-ext_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic */
@font-face {
font-family: 'Open Sans';
font-style: normal;
font-weight: 400;
src: local('Open Sans Regular'), local('OpenSans-Regular'),
url('open-sans-v17-all-charsets-regular.woff2') format('woff2');
}
/* open-sans-italic - latin_vietnamese_latin-ext_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic */
@font-face {
font-family: 'Open Sans';
font-style: italic;
font-weight: 400;
src: local('Open Sans Italic'), local('OpenSans-Italic'),
url('open-sans-v17-all-charsets-italic.woff2') format('woff2');
}
/* open-sans-600 - latin_vietnamese_latin-ext_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic */
@font-face {
font-family: 'Open Sans';
font-style: normal;
font-weight: 600;
src: local('Open Sans SemiBold'), local('OpenSans-SemiBold'),
url('open-sans-v17-all-charsets-600.woff2') format('woff2');
}
/* open-sans-600italic - latin_vietnamese_latin-ext_greek-ext_greek_cyrillic-ext_cyrillic */
@font-face {
font-family: 'Open Sans';
font-style: italic;
font-weight: 600;
src: local('Open Sans SemiBold Italic'), local('OpenSans-SemiBoldItalic'),
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<h1 id="getting-started"><a class="header" href="#getting-started">Getting started</a></h1>
<p>This project has a single dependency; Nix. It will be used to pull in all
other dependencies. It can be installed by following the instructions
over there: https://nixos.org/download.html#nix-quick-install</p>
<p>Now that's done, got to your project root and create an empty <code>devshell.toml</code>.</p>
<p>There are different ways to load that config depending on your preferences:</p>
<h3 id="nix-non-flake"><a class="header" href="#nix-non-flake">Nix (non-flake)</a></h3>
<p>Add another file called <code>shell.nix</code> with the following content. This file will
contain some nix code. Don't worry about the details.</p>
<pre><code class="language-nix">{ system ? builtins.currentSystem }:
let
src = fetchTarball "https://github.com/numtide/devshell/archive/main.tar.gz";
devshell = import src { inherit system; };
in
devshell.fromTOML ./devshell.toml
</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>NOTE: it's probably a good idea to pin the dependency by replacing <code>main</code> with a git commit ID.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Now you can enter the developer shell for the project:</p>
<pre><code class="language-console">$ nix-shell
warning: you did not specify '--add-root'; the result might be removed by the garbage collector
these 4 derivations will be built:
/nix/store/nvbfq9h68r63k5jkfnbimny3b35sx0fs-devshell-bashrc.drv
/nix/store/ppfyf9zv023an8477hcbjlj0rbyvmwq7-devshell.env.drv
/nix/store/8027cgy3xcinb59aaynh899q953dnzms-devshell-bin.drv
/nix/store/w33zl180ni880p18sls5ykih88zkmkqk-devshell.drv
building '/nix/store/nvbfq9h68r63k5jkfnbimny3b35sx0fs-devshell-bashrc.drv'...
building '/nix/store/ppfyf9zv023an8477hcbjlj0rbyvmwq7-devshell-env.drv'...
created 1 symlinks in user environment
building '/nix/store/8027cgy3xcinb59aaynh899q953dnzms-devshell-bin.drv'...
building '/nix/store/w33zl180ni880p18sls5ykih88zkmkqk-devshell.drv'...
warning: you did not specify '--add-root'; the result might be removed by the garbage collector
🔨 Welcome to devshell
[general commands]
menu - prints this menu
[devshell]$
</code></pre>
<h3 id="nix-flakes"><a class="header" href="#nix-flakes">Nix Flakes</a></h3>
<p>For users of nix flakes, a default template is provided to get you up and
running.</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">nix flake new -t "github:numtide/devshell" project/
cd project/
# enter the shell
nix develop # or `direnv allow` if you want to use direnv
</code></pre>
<p>Find <code>templates/gettingStartedExample</code> in this repository for a working example of the additional configuration below: <code>env</code>, <code>packages</code>, and <code>serviceGroups</code>.</p>
<h2 id="adding-environment-variables"><a class="header" href="#adding-environment-variables">Adding environment variables</a></h2>
<p>Environment variables that are specific to the project can be added with the
<code>[[env]]</code> declaration. Each environment variable is an entry in an array, and
will be set in the order that they are declared.</p>
<p>Eg:</p>
<pre><code class="language-toml">[[env]]
name = "GO111MODULE"
value = "on"
</code></pre>
<p>There are different ways to set the environment variables. Look at the schema
to find all the ways. But in short:</p>
<ul>
<li>Use the <code>value</code> key to set a fixed env var.</li>
<li>Use the <code>eval</code> key to evaluate the value. This is useful when one env var
depends on the value of another.</li>
<li>Use the <code>prefix</code> key to prepend a path to an environment variable that uses
the path separator. Like <code>PATH</code>.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="adding-new-commands"><a class="header" href="#adding-new-commands">Adding new commands</a></h2>
<p>Devshell also supports adding new commands to the environment. Those are
displayed on devshell entry so that the user knows what commands are available
to them.</p>
<p>In order to bring in new dependencies, you can either add them to
<code>devshell.packages</code> or as an entry in the <code>[[commands]]</code> list (see <a href="https://toml.io/en/v1.0.0#array-of-tables">TOML docs</a>). Commands are also added to the
menu so they might be preferable for discoverability.</p>
<p>As an exercise, add the following snippet to your <code>devshell.toml</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-toml">[[commands]]
package = "go"
</code></pre>
<p>Then re-enter the shell with <code>nix-shell</code>/<code>nix develop</code>/<code>direnv reload</code>. You should see something like this:</p>
<pre><code class="language-console">$ nix-shell
warning: you did not specify '--add-root'; the result might be removed by the garbage collector
these 4 derivations will be built:
/nix/store/nvbfq9h68r63k5jkfnbimny3b35sx0fs-devshell-bashrc.drv
/nix/store/ppfyf9zv023an8477hcbjlj0rbyvmwq7-devshell.env.drv
/nix/store/8027cgy3xcinb59aaynh899q953dnzms-devshell-bin.drv
/nix/store/w33zl180ni880p18sls5ykih88zkmkqk-devshell.drv
building '/nix/store/nvbfq9h68r63k5jkfnbimny3b35sx0fs-devshell-bashrc.drv'...
building '/nix/store/ppfyf9zv023an8477hcbjlj0rbyvmwq7-devshell-env.drv'...
created 1 symlinks in user environment
building '/nix/store/8027cgy3xcinb59aaynh899q953dnzms-devshell-bin.drv'...
building '/nix/store/w33zl180ni880p18sls5ykih88zkmkqk-devshell.drv'...
warning: you did not specify '--add-root'; the result might be removed by the garbage collector
🔨 Welcome to devshell
[general commands]
menu - prints this menu
go - The Go Programming language
[devshell]$
</code></pre>
<p>Now the <code>go</code> program is available in the environment and can be used to
develop Go programs. This can easily be adapted to any language.</p>
<p>Similarly, you could also add go to the packages list, in which case it would
not appear in the menu:</p>
<pre><code class="language-toml">[devshell]
packages = [
"go"
]
</code></pre>
<h3 id="finding-packages"><a class="header" href="#finding-packages">Finding packages</a></h3>
<p>Check out the <a href="https://search.nixos.org/packages">Nix package repository</a>.</p>
<p>Note that it is also possible to <strong>use specific versions</strong> for some packages - e.g. for NodeJS, <a href="https://search.nixos.org/packages?type=packages&amp;query=nodejs">search the repo</a> &amp; use like this:</p>
<pre><code class="language-toml">[[commands]]
package = "nodejs-17_x" # https://search.nixos.org/packages?type=packages&amp;query=nodejs
name = "node"
help = "NodeJS"
</code></pre>
<p>Or another example:</p>
<pre><code class="language-toml">[devshell]
packages = [
"python27", # 2.7
"python311", # 3.11
]
</code></pre>
<h2 id="adding-background-services"><a class="header" href="#adding-background-services">Adding background services</a></h2>
<p>Many projects need background services to be running during development or to
run tests (e.g. a database, caching server, webserver, ...). This is supported
in devshell through the concept of service groups.</p>
<p>A service group defines a collection of long-running processes that can be
started and stopped.</p>
<p>An example service group could be configured like this:</p>
<pre><code class="language-toml">[serviceGroups.database]
description = "Runs a database in the backgroup"
[serviceGroups.database.services.postgres]
command = "postgres"
[serviceGroups.database.services.memcached]
command = "memcached"
</code></pre>
<p>This will add two commands to the devshell: <code>database:start</code> and
<code>database:stop</code>. <code>database:start</code> starts the defined services in the <code>database</code>
group in the foreground and shows their output. <code>database:stop</code> can be executed
in a different shell to stop the processes (or press Ctrl-C in the main shell).</p>
<h2 id="wrapping-up"><a class="header" href="#wrapping-up">Wrapping up</a></h2>
<p><strong>devshell</strong> is extensible in many different ways. In the next chapters we will
discuss the various ways in which it can be adapted to your project's needs.</p>
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<h1 id="introducing-devshell-like-virtualenv-for-every-language"><a class="header" href="#introducing-devshell-like-virtualenv-for-every-language">Introducing Devshell: like virtualenv, for every language</a></h1>
<p><strong>STATUS: unstable</strong></p>
<p>It should not take more than 10 minutes from the time you clone a repo and can
start contributing.</p>
<p>Unfortunately, an unbounded amount of time is usually spent installing build
dependencies on the system. If you are lucky, it's a pure $LANG project and
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bigger projects it's quite common to need more than one language to be
installed. The side-effect of that is that it creates silos withing companies,
and less contributors in the open-source world.</p>
<p>It should be possible to run a single command that loads and makes those
dependencies available to the developer.</p>
<p>And it should keep the scope of these dependencies at the project level, just
like virtualenv.</p>
<p>These are the goals of this project.</p>
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<p><strong>STATUS: unstable</strong></p>
<p>It should not take more than 10 minutes from the time you clone a repo and can
start contributing.</p>
<p>Unfortunately, an unbounded amount of time is usually spent installing build
dependencies on the system. If you are lucky, it's a pure $LANG project and
all it takes is to install that language and its dedicated package manager. On
bigger projects it's quite common to need more than one language to be
installed. The side-effect of that is that it creates silos withing companies,
and less contributors in the open-source world.</p>
<p>It should be possible to run a single command that loads and makes those
dependencies available to the developer.</p>
<p>And it should keep the scope of these dependencies at the project level, just
like virtualenv.</p>
<p>These are the goals of this project.</p>
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// You can use !hasFocus() to prevent keyhandling in your key
// event handlers while the user is typing their search.
if (!Mark || !elasticlunr) {
return;
}
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String.prototype.startsWith = function(search, pos) {
return this.substr(!pos || pos < 0 ? 0 : +pos, search.length) === search;
};
}
var search_wrap = document.getElementById('search-wrapper'),
searchbar = document.getElementById('searchbar'),
searchbar_outer = document.getElementById('searchbar-outer'),
searchresults = document.getElementById('searchresults'),
searchresults_outer = document.getElementById('searchresults-outer'),
searchresults_header = document.getElementById('searchresults-header'),
searchicon = document.getElementById('search-toggle'),
content = document.getElementById('content'),
searchindex = null,
doc_urls = [],
results_options = {
teaser_word_count: 30,
limit_results: 30,
},
search_options = {
bool: "AND",
expand: true,
fields: {
title: {boost: 1},
body: {boost: 1},
breadcrumbs: {boost: 0}
}
},
mark_exclude = [],
marker = new Mark(content),
current_searchterm = "",
URL_SEARCH_PARAM = 'search',
URL_MARK_PARAM = 'highlight',
teaser_count = 0,
SEARCH_HOTKEY_KEYCODE = 83,
ESCAPE_KEYCODE = 27,
DOWN_KEYCODE = 40,
UP_KEYCODE = 38,
SELECT_KEYCODE = 13;
function hasFocus() {
return searchbar === document.activeElement;
}
function removeChildren(elem) {
while (elem.firstChild) {
elem.removeChild(elem.firstChild);
}
}
// Helper to parse a url into its building blocks.
function parseURL(url) {
var a = document.createElement('a');
a.href = url;
return {
source: url,
protocol: a.protocol.replace(':',''),
host: a.hostname,
port: a.port,
params: (function(){
var ret = {};
var seg = a.search.replace(/^\?/,'').split('&');
var len = seg.length, i = 0, s;
for (;i<len;i++) {
if (!seg[i]) { continue; }
s = seg[i].split('=');
ret[s[0]] = s[1];
}
return ret;
})(),
file: (a.pathname.match(/\/([^/?#]+)$/i) || [,''])[1],
hash: a.hash.replace('#',''),
path: a.pathname.replace(/^([^/])/,'/$1')
};
}
// Helper to recreate a url string from its building blocks.
function renderURL(urlobject) {
var url = urlobject.protocol + "://" + urlobject.host;
if (urlobject.port != "") {
url += ":" + urlobject.port;
}
url += urlobject.path;
var joiner = "?";
for(var prop in urlobject.params) {
if(urlobject.params.hasOwnProperty(prop)) {
url += joiner + prop + "=" + urlobject.params[prop];
joiner = "&";
}
}
if (urlobject.hash != "") {
url += "#" + urlobject.hash;
}
return url;
}
// Helper to escape html special chars for displaying the teasers
var escapeHTML = (function() {
var MAP = {
'&': '&amp;',
'<': '&lt;',
'>': '&gt;',
'"': '&#34;',
"'": '&#39;'
};
var repl = function(c) { return MAP[c]; };
return function(s) {
return s.replace(/[&<>'"]/g, repl);
};
})();
function formatSearchMetric(count, searchterm) {
if (count == 1) {
return count + " search result for '" + searchterm + "':";
} else if (count == 0) {
return "No search results for '" + searchterm + "'.";
} else {
return count + " search results for '" + searchterm + "':";
}
}
function formatSearchResult(result, searchterms) {
var teaser = makeTeaser(escapeHTML(result.doc.body), searchterms);
teaser_count++;
// The ?URL_MARK_PARAM= parameter belongs inbetween the page and the #heading-anchor
var url = doc_urls[result.ref].split("#");
if (url.length == 1) { // no anchor found
url.push("");
}
// encodeURIComponent escapes all chars that could allow an XSS except
// for '. Due to that we also manually replace ' with its url-encoded
// representation (%27).
var searchterms = encodeURIComponent(searchterms.join(" ")).replace(/\'/g, "%27");
return '<a href="' + path_to_root + url[0] + '?' + URL_MARK_PARAM + '=' + searchterms + '#' + url[1]
+ '" aria-details="teaser_' + teaser_count + '">' + result.doc.breadcrumbs + '</a>'
+ '<span class="teaser" id="teaser_' + teaser_count + '" aria-label="Search Result Teaser">'
+ teaser + '</span>';
}
function makeTeaser(body, searchterms) {
// The strategy is as follows:
// First, assign a value to each word in the document:
// Words that correspond to search terms (stemmer aware): 40
// Normal words: 2
// First word in a sentence: 8
// Then use a sliding window with a constant number of words and count the
// sum of the values of the words within the window. Then use the window that got the
// maximum sum. If there are multiple maximas, then get the last one.
// Enclose the terms in <em>.
var stemmed_searchterms = searchterms.map(function(w) {
return elasticlunr.stemmer(w.toLowerCase());
});
var searchterm_weight = 40;
var weighted = []; // contains elements of ["word", weight, index_in_document]
// split in sentences, then words
var sentences = body.toLowerCase().split('. ');
var index = 0;
var value = 0;
var searchterm_found = false;
for (var sentenceindex in sentences) {
var words = sentences[sentenceindex].split(' ');
value = 8;
for (var wordindex in words) {
var word = words[wordindex];
if (word.length > 0) {
for (var searchtermindex in stemmed_searchterms) {
if (elasticlunr.stemmer(word).startsWith(stemmed_searchterms[searchtermindex])) {
value = searchterm_weight;
searchterm_found = true;
}
};
weighted.push([word, value, index]);
value = 2;
}
index += word.length;
index += 1; // ' ' or '.' if last word in sentence
};
index += 1; // because we split at a two-char boundary '. '
};
if (weighted.length == 0) {
return body;
}
var window_weight = [];
var window_size = Math.min(weighted.length, results_options.teaser_word_count);
var cur_sum = 0;
for (var wordindex = 0; wordindex < window_size; wordindex++) {
cur_sum += weighted[wordindex][1];
};
window_weight.push(cur_sum);
for (var wordindex = 0; wordindex < weighted.length - window_size; wordindex++) {
cur_sum -= weighted[wordindex][1];
cur_sum += weighted[wordindex + window_size][1];
window_weight.push(cur_sum);
};
if (searchterm_found) {
var max_sum = 0;
var max_sum_window_index = 0;
// backwards
for (var i = window_weight.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (window_weight[i] > max_sum) {
max_sum = window_weight[i];
max_sum_window_index = i;
}
};
} else {
max_sum_window_index = 0;
}
// add <em/> around searchterms
var teaser_split = [];
var index = weighted[max_sum_window_index][2];
for (var i = max_sum_window_index; i < max_sum_window_index+window_size; i++) {
var word = weighted[i];
if (index < word[2]) {
// missing text from index to start of `word`
teaser_split.push(body.substring(index, word[2]));
index = word[2];
}
if (word[1] == searchterm_weight) {
teaser_split.push("<em>")
}
index = word[2] + word[0].length;
teaser_split.push(body.substring(word[2], index));
if (word[1] == searchterm_weight) {
teaser_split.push("</em>")
}
};
return teaser_split.join('');
}
function init(config) {
results_options = config.results_options;
search_options = config.search_options;
searchbar_outer = config.searchbar_outer;
doc_urls = config.doc_urls;
searchindex = elasticlunr.Index.load(config.index);
// Set up events
searchicon.addEventListener('click', function(e) { searchIconClickHandler(); }, false);
searchbar.addEventListener('keyup', function(e) { searchbarKeyUpHandler(); }, false);
document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) { globalKeyHandler(e); }, false);
// If the user uses the browser buttons, do the same as if a reload happened
window.onpopstate = function(e) { doSearchOrMarkFromUrl(); };
// Suppress "submit" events so the page doesn't reload when the user presses Enter
document.addEventListener('submit', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); }, false);
// If reloaded, do the search or mark again, depending on the current url parameters
doSearchOrMarkFromUrl();
}
function unfocusSearchbar() {
// hacky, but just focusing a div only works once
var tmp = document.createElement('input');
tmp.setAttribute('style', 'position: absolute; opacity: 0;');
searchicon.appendChild(tmp);
tmp.focus();
tmp.remove();
}
// On reload or browser history backwards/forwards events, parse the url and do search or mark
function doSearchOrMarkFromUrl() {
// Check current URL for search request
var url = parseURL(window.location.href);
if (url.params.hasOwnProperty(URL_SEARCH_PARAM)
&& url.params[URL_SEARCH_PARAM] != "") {
showSearch(true);
searchbar.value = decodeURIComponent(
(url.params[URL_SEARCH_PARAM]+'').replace(/\+/g, '%20'));
searchbarKeyUpHandler(); // -> doSearch()
} else {
showSearch(false);
}
if (url.params.hasOwnProperty(URL_MARK_PARAM)) {
var words = decodeURIComponent(url.params[URL_MARK_PARAM]).split(' ');
marker.mark(words, {
exclude: mark_exclude
});
var markers = document.querySelectorAll("mark");
function hide() {
for (var i = 0; i < markers.length; i++) {
markers[i].classList.add("fade-out");
window.setTimeout(function(e) { marker.unmark(); }, 300);
}
}
for (var i = 0; i < markers.length; i++) {
markers[i].addEventListener('click', hide);
}
}
}
// Eventhandler for keyevents on `document`
function globalKeyHandler(e) {
if (e.altKey || e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey || e.shiftKey || e.target.type === 'textarea' || e.target.type === 'text' || !hasFocus() && /^(?:input|select|textarea)$/i.test(e.target.nodeName)) { return; }
if (e.keyCode === ESCAPE_KEYCODE) {
e.preventDefault();
searchbar.classList.remove("active");
setSearchUrlParameters("",
(searchbar.value.trim() !== "") ? "push" : "replace");
if (hasFocus()) {
unfocusSearchbar();
}
showSearch(false);
marker.unmark();
} else if (!hasFocus() && e.keyCode === SEARCH_HOTKEY_KEYCODE) {
e.preventDefault();
showSearch(true);
window.scrollTo(0, 0);
searchbar.select();
} else if (hasFocus() && e.keyCode === DOWN_KEYCODE) {
e.preventDefault();
unfocusSearchbar();
searchresults.firstElementChild.classList.add("focus");
} else if (!hasFocus() && (e.keyCode === DOWN_KEYCODE
|| e.keyCode === UP_KEYCODE
|| e.keyCode === SELECT_KEYCODE)) {
// not `:focus` because browser does annoying scrolling
var focused = searchresults.querySelector("li.focus");
if (!focused) return;
e.preventDefault();
if (e.keyCode === DOWN_KEYCODE) {
var next = focused.nextElementSibling;
if (next) {
focused.classList.remove("focus");
next.classList.add("focus");
}
} else if (e.keyCode === UP_KEYCODE) {
focused.classList.remove("focus");
var prev = focused.previousElementSibling;
if (prev) {
prev.classList.add("focus");
} else {
searchbar.select();
}
} else { // SELECT_KEYCODE
window.location.assign(focused.querySelector('a'));
}
}
}
function showSearch(yes) {
if (yes) {
search_wrap.classList.remove('hidden');
searchicon.setAttribute('aria-expanded', 'true');
} else {
search_wrap.classList.add('hidden');
searchicon.setAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false');
var results = searchresults.children;
for (var i = 0; i < results.length; i++) {
results[i].classList.remove("focus");
}
}
}
function showResults(yes) {
if (yes) {
searchresults_outer.classList.remove('hidden');
} else {
searchresults_outer.classList.add('hidden');
}
}
// Eventhandler for search icon
function searchIconClickHandler() {
if (search_wrap.classList.contains('hidden')) {
showSearch(true);
window.scrollTo(0, 0);
searchbar.select();
} else {
showSearch(false);
}
}
// Eventhandler for keyevents while the searchbar is focused
function searchbarKeyUpHandler() {
var searchterm = searchbar.value.trim();
if (searchterm != "") {
searchbar.classList.add("active");
doSearch(searchterm);
} else {
searchbar.classList.remove("active");
showResults(false);
removeChildren(searchresults);
}
setSearchUrlParameters(searchterm, "push_if_new_search_else_replace");
// Remove marks
marker.unmark();
}
// Update current url with ?URL_SEARCH_PARAM= parameter, remove ?URL_MARK_PARAM and #heading-anchor .
// `action` can be one of "push", "replace", "push_if_new_search_else_replace"
// and replaces or pushes a new browser history item.
// "push_if_new_search_else_replace" pushes if there is no `?URL_SEARCH_PARAM=abc` yet.
function setSearchUrlParameters(searchterm, action) {
var url = parseURL(window.location.href);
var first_search = ! url.params.hasOwnProperty(URL_SEARCH_PARAM);
if (searchterm != "" || action == "push_if_new_search_else_replace") {
url.params[URL_SEARCH_PARAM] = searchterm;
delete url.params[URL_MARK_PARAM];
url.hash = "";
} else {
delete url.params[URL_MARK_PARAM];
delete url.params[URL_SEARCH_PARAM];
}
// A new search will also add a new history item, so the user can go back
// to the page prior to searching. A updated search term will only replace
// the url.
if (action == "push" || (action == "push_if_new_search_else_replace" && first_search) ) {
history.pushState({}, document.title, renderURL(url));
} else if (action == "replace" || (action == "push_if_new_search_else_replace" && !first_search) ) {
history.replaceState({}, document.title, renderURL(url));
}
}
function doSearch(searchterm) {
// Don't search the same twice
if (current_searchterm == searchterm) { return; }
else { current_searchterm = searchterm; }
if (searchindex == null) { return; }
// Do the actual search
var results = searchindex.search(searchterm, search_options);
var resultcount = Math.min(results.length, results_options.limit_results);
// Display search metrics
searchresults_header.innerText = formatSearchMetric(resultcount, searchterm);
// Clear and insert results
var searchterms = searchterm.split(' ');
removeChildren(searchresults);
for(var i = 0; i < resultcount ; i++){
var resultElem = document.createElement('li');
resultElem.innerHTML = formatSearchResult(results[i], searchterms);
searchresults.appendChild(resultElem);
}
// Display results
showResults(true);
}
fetch(path_to_root + 'searchindex.json')
.then(response => response.json())
.then(json => init(json))
.catch(error => { // Try to load searchindex.js if fetch failed
var script = document.createElement('script');
script.src = path_to_root + 'searchindex.js';
script.onload = () => init(window.search);
document.head.appendChild(script);
});
// Exported functions
search.hasFocus = hasFocus;
})(window.search);

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:root {
--toc-width: 310px;
--center-content-toc-shift: calc(-1 * var(--toc-width) / 2);
}
.nav-chapters {
/* adjust width of buttons that bring to the previous or the next page */
min-width: 50px;
}
.previous {
/*
adjust the space between the left sidebar or the left side of the screen
and the button that leads to the previous page
*/
margin-left: var(--page-padding);
}
@media only screen {
main {
display: flex;
}
@media (max-width: 1219px) {
.sidebar-hidden .sidetoc {
display: none;
}
}
@media (max-width: 1499px) {
.sidebar-visible .sidetoc {
display: none;
}
}
@media (1220px <= width <= 1519px) {
.sidebar-hidden main {
position: relative;
left: var(--center-content-toc-shift);
}
}
@media (1500px <= width <= 1820px) {
.sidebar-visible main {
position: relative;
left: var(--center-content-toc-shift);
}
}
.content-wrap {
overflow-y: auto;
width: 100%;
}
.sidetoc {
margin-top: 20px;
margin-left: 10px;
margin-right: auto;
}
.pagetoc {
position: fixed;
/* adjust TOC width */
width: var(--toc-width);
height: calc(100vh - var(--menu-bar-height) - 0.67em * 4);
overflow: auto;
}
.pagetoc a {
border-left: 1px solid var(--sidebar-bg);
color: var(--fg) !important;
display: block;
padding-bottom: 5px;
padding-top: 5px;
padding-left: 10px;
text-align: left;
text-decoration: none;
}
.pagetoc a:hover,
.pagetoc a.active {
background: var(--sidebar-bg);
color: var(--sidebar-fg) !important;
}
.pagetoc .active {
background: var(--sidebar-bg);
color: var(--sidebar-fg);
}
.pagetoc .pagetoc-H2 {
padding-left: 20px;
}
.pagetoc .pagetoc-H3 {
padding-left: 40px;
}
.pagetoc .pagetoc-H4 {
padding-left: 60px;
}
}
@media print {
.sidetoc {
display: none;
}
}

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function forEach(elems, fun) {
Array.prototype.forEach.call(elems, fun);
}
function getPagetoc(){
return document.getElementsByClassName("pagetoc")[0]
}
function getPagetocElems() {
return getPagetoc().children;
}
function getHeaders(){
return document.getElementsByClassName("header")
}
// Un-active everything when you click it
function forPagetocElem(fun) {
forEach(getPagetocElems(), fun);
}
function getRect(element) {
return element.getBoundingClientRect();
}
function overflowTop(container, element) {
return getRect(container).top - getRect(element).top;
}
function overflowBottom(container, element) {
return getRect(container).bottom - getRect(element).bottom;
}
var activeHref = location.href;
var updateFunction = function (elem = undefined) {
var id = elem;
if (!id && location.href != activeHref) {
activeHref = location.href;
forPagetocElem(function (el) {
if (el.href === activeHref) {
id = el;
}
});
}
if (!id) {
var elements = getHeaders();
let margin = window.innerHeight / 3;
forEach(elements, function (el, i, arr) {
if (!id && getRect(el).top >= 0) {
if (getRect(el).top < margin) {
id = el;
} else {
id = arr[Math.max(0, i - 1)];
}
}
// a very long last section
// its heading is over the screen
if (!id && i == arr.length - 1) {
id = el
}
});
}
forPagetocElem(function (el) {
el.classList.remove("active");
});
if (!id) return;
forPagetocElem(function (el) {
if (id.href.localeCompare(el.href) == 0) {
el.classList.add("active");
let pagetoc = getPagetoc();
if (overflowTop(pagetoc, el) > 0) {
pagetoc.scrollTop = el.offsetTop;
}
if (overflowBottom(pagetoc, el) < 0) {
pagetoc.scrollTop -= overflowBottom(pagetoc, el);
}
}
});
};
let elements = getHeaders();
if (elements.length > 1) {
// Populate sidebar on load
window.addEventListener("load", function () {
var pagetoc = getPagetoc();
var elements = getHeaders();
forEach(elements, function (el) {
var link = document.createElement("a");
link.appendChild(document.createTextNode(el.text));
link.href = el.hash;
link.classList.add("pagetoc-" + el.parentElement.tagName);
pagetoc.appendChild(link);
link.onclick = function () {
updateFunction(link);
};
});
updateFunction();
});
// Handle active elements on scroll
window.addEventListener("scroll", function () {
updateFunction();
});
} else {
document.getElementsByClassName("sidetoc")[0].remove();
}

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/* Tomorrow Night Theme */
/* https://github.com/jmblog/color-themes-for-highlightjs */
/* Original theme - https://github.com/chriskempson/tomorrow-theme */
/* https://github.com/jmblog/color-themes-for-highlightjs */
/* Tomorrow Comment */
.hljs-comment {
color: #969896;
}
/* Tomorrow Red */
.hljs-variable,
.hljs-attribute,
.hljs-tag,
.hljs-regexp,
.ruby .hljs-constant,
.xml .hljs-tag .hljs-title,
.xml .hljs-pi,
.xml .hljs-doctype,
.html .hljs-doctype,
.css .hljs-id,
.css .hljs-class,
.css .hljs-pseudo {
color: #cc6666;
}
/* Tomorrow Orange */
.hljs-number,
.hljs-preprocessor,
.hljs-pragma,
.hljs-built_in,
.hljs-literal,
.hljs-params,
.hljs-constant {
color: #de935f;
}
/* Tomorrow Yellow */
.ruby .hljs-class .hljs-title,
.css .hljs-rule .hljs-attribute {
color: #f0c674;
}
/* Tomorrow Green */
.hljs-string,
.hljs-value,
.hljs-inheritance,
.hljs-header,
.hljs-name,
.ruby .hljs-symbol,
.xml .hljs-cdata {
color: #b5bd68;
}
/* Tomorrow Aqua */
.hljs-title,
.css .hljs-hexcolor {
color: #8abeb7;
}
/* Tomorrow Blue */
.hljs-function,
.python .hljs-decorator,
.python .hljs-title,
.ruby .hljs-function .hljs-title,
.ruby .hljs-title .hljs-keyword,
.perl .hljs-sub,
.javascript .hljs-title,
.coffeescript .hljs-title {
color: #81a2be;
}
/* Tomorrow Purple */
.hljs-keyword,
.javascript .hljs-function {
color: #b294bb;
}
.hljs {
display: block;
overflow-x: auto;
background: #1d1f21;
color: #c5c8c6;
}
.coffeescript .javascript,
.javascript .xml,
.tex .hljs-formula,
.xml .javascript,
.xml .vbscript,
.xml .css,
.xml .hljs-cdata {
opacity: 0.5;
}
.hljs-addition {
color: #718c00;
}
.hljs-deletion {
color: #c82829;
}