css/docs/content/utilities/layout.md

title	path	status	source	bundle
Layout	utilities/layout	Stable	https://github.com/primer/css/blob/master/src/utilities/layout.scss	utilities

Change the document layout with display, float, alignment, and other utilities.

Display

Adjust the display of an element with .d-block, .d-none, .d-inline, .d-inline-block, .d-table, .d-table-cell utilities.

<div class="d-inline border">
  .d-inline
  <div class="d-inline-block border">
    .d-inline-block
  </div>
  <span class="d-block border">.d-block</span>
  <div class="d-table border">
    <div class="d-table-cell border">
      .d-table-cell
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="d-table-cell border">
    .d-table-cell
  </div>
  <div class="d-none">
    .d-none
  </div>
</div>

The HTML hidden attribute

As of Primer v10.10.0, primer-base includes a rule that sets display: none !important for any element with the hidden attribute. You can safely use the hidden attribute with display utilities, but we suggest:

1. Use the hidden attribute (and corresponding JavaScript property) if you're going to programmatically show and hide content.
2. Use d-none and/or its responsive variants (d-sm-block, d-lg-none) to conditionally show content at different screen sizes.

Rather than toggling the d-none class in JavaScript, you should toggle the hidden property on an element. This means that you won't have to restore any more specific display utility (d-inline or d-flex, for instance) just to work around the order in which they're listed in the stylesheet.

// Good:
element.hidden = !visible

// Bad:
element.classList.toggle('d-none', !visible)
element.classList.toggle('d-inline', visible)

display:table wrapping issues

There are known issues with using display:table and wrapping long strings, particularly in Firefox. You may need to use table-fixed on elements with d-table and apply column widths to table cells, which you can do with our column width styles.

<div class="d-table table-fixed width-full">
  <div class="d-table-cell border">
    .d-table-cell
  </div>
  <div class="d-table-cell col-10 border">
    d-table-cell .col-10
  </div>
</div>

Responsive display

A selection of display utilities are able to be applied or changed per breakpoint. .d-block, .d-none, .d-inline, and .d-inline-block are available as responsive utilities using the following formula: d-[breakpoint]-[property]. For example: d-md-inline-block. Each responsive display utility is applied to the specified breakpoint and up.

In the following example, the ul element switches from display: block on mobile to display: inline-block at the md breakpoint, while the list items remain inline.

<h5 class="d-md-inline-block">.d-md-inline-block</h5>
<ul class="d-md-inline-block border">
  <li class="d-inline border">.d-inline</li>
  <li class="d-inline border">.d-inline</li>
</ul>

Responsive hide

Hide utilities are able to be applied or changed per breakpoint using the following formula:
hide-[breakpoint], for example: hide-sm. Hide utilities act differently from other responsive styles and are applied to each breakpoint-range only.

Shorthand	Range
-sm	0—543px
-md	544px—767px
-lg	768px—1011px
-xl	1012px and above

<div>
  <h3>Potato update</h3>
  <span class="hide-sm hide-md">Opened by <a href="#url">broccolini</a></span>
  <span class="d-md-none">Updated</span> 3 hours ago
</div>

Text direction

.direction-ltr or .direction-rtl can be used to change the text direction. This is especially helpful when paired with .d-table, .d-table-cell, and .v-align-middle to create equal height, vertically centered, alternating content.

Visibility

Adjust the visibility of an element with .v-hidden and .v-visible.

Overflow

Adjust element overflow with .overflow-hidden, .overflow-scroll, and .overflow-auto, or use .overflow-visible to undo the effects of CSS with overflow issues. .overflow-hidden can also be used to create a new block formatting context or clear floats.

Overflow utilities can also target x- and y-axes independently via:

• .overflow-x-auto
• .overflow-x-hidden
• .overflow-x-scroll
• .overflow-x-visible
• .overflow-y-auto
• .overflow-y-hidden
• .overflow-y-scroll
• .overflow-y-visible

Floats

Use .float-left and .float-right to set floats, and .clearfix to clear.

<div class="clearfix border border-gray">
  <div class="float-left border border-gray">
    .float-left
  </div>
  <div class="float-right border border-gray">
    .float-right
  </div>
</div>

Responsive floats

Float utilities can be applied or changed per breakpoint. This can be useful for responsive layouts when you want an element to be full width on mobile but floated at a larger breakpoint.

Each responsive float utility is applied to the specified breakpoint and up, using the following formula: float-[breakpoint]-[property]. For example: float-md-left. Remember to use .clearfix to clear.

<div class="clearfix border border-gray">
  <div class="float-md-left border border-gray">
    .float-md-left
  </div>
  <div class="float-md-right border border-gray">
    .float-md-right
  </div>
</div>

Alignment

Adjust the alignment of an element with .v-align-baseline, .v-align-top, .v-align-middle or .v-align-bottom. The vertical-align property only applies to inline or table-cell boxes.

<div class="d-table border border-gray">
  <div class="d-table-cell"><h1>Potatoes</h1></div>
  <div class="d-table-cell v-align-baseline">.v-align-baseline</div>
  <div class="d-table-cell v-align-top">.v-align-top</div>
  <div class="d-table-cell v-align-middle">.v-align-middle</div>
  <div class="d-table-cell v-align-bottom">.v-align-bottom</div>
</div>

Use v-align-text-top or v-align-text-bottom to adjust the alignment of an element with the top or bottom of the parent element's font.

<div class="border border-gray">
  <h1 class="mr-1">Potatoes
    <span class="f4 v-align-text-top mr-1">.v-align-text-top</span>
    <span class="f4 v-align-text-bottom mr-1">.v-align-text-bottom</span>
  </h1>
</div>

Width and height

Use .width-fit to set max-width 100%.

<div class="one-fourth column">
  <img class="width-fit bg-gray" src="https://github.com/github.png" alt="width fitted octocat" />
</div>

Use .width-full to set width to 100%.

<div class="d-table width-full">
  <div class="d-table-cell">
    <input class="form-control width-full" type="text" value="Full width form field" aria-label="Sample full width form field">
  </div>
</div>

Use .width-auto to reset width to auto (initial value). Typically used with responsive variants. Resize the window to see the effect in the example below.

<div class="d-table width-full width-md-auto">
  <div class="d-table-cell">
    <input class="form-control width-full" type="text" value="Responsive width form field" aria-label="Sample full responsive width form field">
  </div>
</div>

Use .height-fit to set max-height 100%.

<div class="one-fourth column" style="height: 100px; overflow: auto;">
  <div class="p-3 height-fit border">
    Bacon ipsum dolor amet meatball flank beef tail pig boudin ham hock chicken capicola. Shoulder ham spare ribs turducken pork tongue. Bresaola corned beef sausage jowl ribeye kielbasa tenderloin andouille leberkas tongue. Ribeye tri-tip tenderloin pig, chuck ground round chicken tongue corned beef biltong.
  </div>
</div>

Use .height-full to set height to 100%.

<div class="d-table border border-gray">
  <div class="d-table-cell height-full v-align-middle pl-3">
    <!-- <%= octicon "three-bars" %> -->
    <svg class="octicon octicon-three-bars" viewBox="0 0 12 16" version="1.1" width="12" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.41 9H.59C0 9 0 8.59 0 8c0-.59 0-1 .59-1H11.4c.59 0 .59.41.59 1 0 .59 0 1-.59 1h.01zm0-4H.59C0 5 0 4.59 0 4c0-.59 0-1 .59-1H11.4c.59 0 .59.41.59 1 0 .59 0 1-.59 1h.01zM.59 11H11.4c.59 0 .59.41.59 1 0 .59 0 1-.59 1H.59C0 13 0 12.59 0 12c0-.59 0-1 .59-1z"></path></svg>
  </div>
  <div class="p-3">
    Bacon ipsum dolor amet meatball flank beef tail pig boudin ham hock chicken capicola. Shoulder ham spare ribs turducken pork tongue. Bresaola corned beef sausage jowl ribeye kielbasa tenderloin andouille leberkas tongue. Ribeye tri-tip tenderloin pig, chuck ground round chicken tongue corned beef biltong.
  </div>
</div>

Position

Position utilities can be used to alter the default document flow. Be careful when using positioning, it's often unnecessary and commonly misused.

Use .position-relative to create a new stacking context.

Note how the other elements are displayed as if "Two" were in its normal position and taking up space.

<div class="d-inline-block float-left bg-blue text-white m-3" style="width:100px; height:100px;">
  One
</div>
<div class="d-inline-block float-left position-relative bg-blue text-white m-3" style="width:100px; height:100px; top:12px; left:12px;">
  Two
</div>
<div class="d-inline-block float-left bg-blue text-white m-3" style="width:100px; height:100px;">
  Three
</div>
<div class="d-inline-block float-left bg-blue text-white m-3" style="width:100px; height:100px;">
  Four
</div>

Use .position-absolute to take elements out of the normal document flow.

<div class="position-relative" style="height:116px;">
  <button type="button" class="btn mb-1">Button</button>
  <div class="position-absolute border border-gray p-2">
    <a href="#url" class="d-block p-1">Mashed potatoes</a>
    <a href="#url" class="d-block p-1">Fries</a>
  </div>
</div>

Use .position-fixed to position an element relative to the viewport. Be careful when using fixed positioning. It is tricky to use and can lead to unwanted side effects.

Note: This example is shown in an <iframe> and therefore will not be positioned to the viewport of this page.

<div style="height: 64px;">
  <div class="position-fixed right-0 bottom-0 bg-gray-light border p-2">
    .position-fixed
  </div>
</div>

Use top-0, right-0, bottom-0, and left-0 with position-absolute, position-fixed, or position-relative to further specify an elements position.

<div style="height: 64px;">
  <div class="border position-absolute top-0 left-0">
    .top-0 .left-0
  </div>
  <div class="border position-absolute top-0 right-0">
    .top-0 .right-0
  </div>
  <div class="border position-absolute bottom-0 right-0">
    .bottom-0 .right-0
  </div>
  <div class="border position-absolute bottom-0 left-0">
    .bottom-0 .left-0
  </div>
</div>

To fill an entire width or height, use opposing directions.

Note: fixed positioning has been disabled here for demonstration only.

<div class="position-fixed left-0 right-0 p-3 bg-gray-dark text-white">
  .position-fixed .left-0 .right-0
</div>

Responsive position

Position utilities can be applied or changed per breakpoint in responsive layouts. Each responsive position utility is applied to the specified breakpoint and up, using the following formula: position-[breakpoint]-[property]. For example: position-md-absolute.

<div style="height: 64px;">
  <div class="border position-md-absolute top-0 right-0">
    .position-md-absolute .top-0 .right-0
  </div>
</div>

Screen reader only

Use .sr-only to position an element outside of the viewport for screen reader access only. Even though the element can't be seen, make sure it still has a sensible tab order.

<div class="js-details-container Details">
  <button type="button" class="btn">Tab once from this button, and press enter</button>
  <button type="button" class="sr-only js-details-target">
    Screen reader only button
  </button>
  <div class="Details-content--hidden">
    Button activated!
  </div>
</div>

The media object

Create a media object with utilities.

<div class="clearfix p-3 border">
  <div class="float-left p-3 mr-3 bg-gray">
    Image
  </div>
  <div class="overflow-hidden">
    <p><b>Body</b> Bacon ipsum dolor amet shankle rump tenderloin pork chop meatball strip steak bresaola doner sirloin capicola biltong shank pig. Alcatra frankfurter ham hock, ribeye prosciutto hamburger kevin brisket chuck burgdoggen short loin.</p>
  </div>
</div>

Create a double-sided media object for a container with a flexible center.

<div class="clearfix p-3 border border-gray">
  <div class="float-left p-3 mr-3 bg-gray">
    Image
  </div>
  <div class="float-right p-3 ml-3 bg-gray">
    Image
  </div>
  <div class="overflow-hidden">
    <p><b>Body</b> Bacon ipsum dolor amet shankle rump tenderloin pork chop meatball strip steak bresaola doner sirloin capicola biltong shank pig. Alcatra frankfurter ham hock, ribeye prosciutto hamburger kevin brisket chuck burgdoggen short loin.</p>
  </div>
</div>

You can also create a media object with flexbox utilities instead of floats which can be useful for changing the vertical alignment.