Support unification of extension types with uninhabited branches

crates/compiler/solve/src/solve.rs

@@ -1356,10 +1356,19 @@ fn solve(
                 );
 
                 let snapshot = subs.snapshot();
-                let outcome = unify(&mut UEnv::new(subs), real_var, branches_var, Mode::EQ);
+                let unify_cond_and_patterns_outcome = {
+                    // When unifying the cond type with what the branches expect, allow the
+                    // branches to gain constructors that are uninabited; that way, we can permit
+                    // unification of things like
+                    //   [Ok Str] ~ [Ok Str, Result []]
+                    // which we want here, because `Result []` need not be matched - it is
+                    // impossible to construct!
+                    let mode = Mode::EQ_WITH_EXTENSION_BY_UNINHABITED_TYPES;
+                    unify(&mut UEnv::new(subs), branches_var, real_var, mode)
+                };
 
                 let should_check_exhaustiveness;
-                match outcome {
+                match unify_cond_and_patterns_outcome {
                     Success {
                         vars,
                         must_implement_ability,

crates/compiler/solve/tests/solve_expr.rs

@@ -4275,7 +4275,7 @@ mod solve_expr {
                             x
                 "#
             ),
-            "[Empty, Foo Bar I64]",
+            "[Empty, Foo [Bar] I64]",
         );
     }
 
@@ -7788,7 +7788,7 @@ mod solve_expr {
                     Ok s -> s
                 "#
             ),
-            "",
+            "Str",
         );
     }
 }

crates/compiler/test_mono/generated/match_on_result_with_uninhabited_error_branch.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+procedure Test.0 ():
+    let Test.5 : Str = "abc";
+    let Test.1 : [C [], C Str] = TagId(1) Test.5;
+    let Test.3 : Str = UnionAtIndex (Id 1) (Index 0) Test.1;
+    inc Test.3;
+    dec Test.1;
+    ret Test.3;

crates/compiler/unify/src/unify.rs

@@ -104,6 +104,25 @@ bitflags! {
         /// specialization algorithm is running. This has implications for the unification of
         /// unspecialized lambda sets; see [`unify_unspecialized_lambdas`].
         const LAMBDA_SET_SPECIALIZATION = Mode::EQ.bits | (1 << 2);
+        /// Like [`Mode::EQ`], but permits extension of tag union types by other tag unions that
+        /// are uninhabited. This is relevant for the unification strategy of branch and condition
+        /// types, where we would like
+        ///
+        /// x : Result Str []
+        /// when x is
+        ///     Ok x -> x
+        ///
+        /// to typecheck, because [Ok Str][] = [Ok Str, Result []][] (up to isomorphism).
+        ///
+        /// Traditionally, such types do not unify because the right-hand side is seen to have a
+        /// `Result` constructor, but for branches, that constructor is not material.
+        ///
+        /// Note that such a unification is sound, precisely because `Result` is uninhabited!
+        ///
+        /// NOTE: when run in this mode, it is expected that
+        ///   - the BRANCH TYPE is passed on the LEFT
+        ///   - the CONDITION TYPE is passed on the RIGHT
+        const EQ_WITH_EXTENSION_BY_UNINHABITED_TYPES = Mode::EQ.bits | (1 << 3);
     }
 }
 
@@ -123,6 +142,11 @@ impl Mode {
         self.contains(Mode::LAMBDA_SET_SPECIALIZATION)
     }
 
+    fn permit_extension_by_uninhabited_types(&self) -> bool {
+        debug_assert!(!self.contains(Mode::EQ | Mode::PRESENT));
+        self.contains(Mode::EQ_WITH_EXTENSION_BY_UNINHABITED_TYPES)
+    }
+
     fn as_eq(self) -> Self {
         (self - Mode::PRESENT) | Mode::EQ
     }
@@ -2077,6 +2101,25 @@ enum Rec {
     Both(Variable, Variable),
 }
 
+/// Checks if an extension type `ext1` should be permitted to grow by the `candidate_type`, if it
+/// uninhabited. Only relevant for [Mode::EQ_WITH_EXTENSION_BY_UNINHABITED_TYPES].
+///
+/// Per the expect invariant of the mode, the tag union extension to grow should be `ext1`, and the
+/// candidate uninhabited type should be `candidate_type`.
+fn should_extend_ext_with_uninhabited_type(
+    subs: &Subs,
+    mode: Mode,
+    ext1: Variable,
+    candidate_type: Variable,
+) -> bool {
+    mode.permit_extension_by_uninhabited_types()
+        && matches!(
+            subs.get_content_without_compacting(ext1),
+            Content::Structure(FlatType::EmptyTagUnion)
+        )
+        && !subs.is_inhabited(candidate_type)
+}
+
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 fn unify_tag_unions<M: MetaCollector>(
     env: &mut Env,
@@ -2148,10 +2191,25 @@ fn unify_tag_unions<M: MetaCollector>(
 
             shared_tags_outcome
         } else {
-            let unique_tags2 = UnionTags::insert_slices_into_subs(env.subs, separate.only_in_2);
-            let flat_type = FlatType::TagUnion(unique_tags2, ext2);
-            let sub_record = fresh(env, pool, ctx, Structure(flat_type));
-            let ext_outcome = unify_pool(env, pool, ext1, sub_record, ctx.mode);
+            let extra_tags_in_2 = {
+                let unique_tags2 = UnionTags::insert_slices_into_subs(env.subs, separate.only_in_2);
+                let flat_type = FlatType::TagUnion(unique_tags2, ext2);
+                fresh(env, pool, ctx, Structure(flat_type))
+            };
+
+            // SPECIAL-CASE: if we are permitted to grow empty extensions with uninhabited types,
+            // patch `ext1` to grow accordingly.
+            if should_extend_ext_with_uninhabited_type(env.subs, ctx.mode, ext1, extra_tags_in_2) {
+                let new_ext = fresh(env, pool, ctx, Content::FlexVar(None));
+                let new_union = Structure(FlatType::TagUnion(tags1, new_ext));
+                let mut new_desc = ctx.first_desc;
+                new_desc.content = new_union;
+                env.subs.set(ctx.first, new_desc);
+
+                ext1 = new_ext;
+            }
+
+            let ext_outcome = unify_pool(env, pool, ext1, extra_tags_in_2, ctx.mode);
 
             if !ext_outcome.mismatches.is_empty() {
                 return ext_outcome;
@@ -2163,7 +2221,7 @@ fn unify_tag_unions<M: MetaCollector>(
                 ctx,
                 shared_tags,
                 OtherTags2::Empty,
-                sub_record,
+                extra_tags_in_2,
                 recursion_var,
             );