@@ -1,987 +0,0 @@
1−-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3−-- Module : Language.PureScript.TypeChecker.Types
4−-- Copyright : (c) Phil Freeman 2013
7−-- Maintainer : Phil Freeman <paf31@cantab.net>
8−-- Stability : experimental
12−-- This module implements the type checker
14−-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
16−{-# OPTIONS_GHC -fno-warn-orphans #-}
17−{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
18−{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
19−{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
21−module Language.PureScript.TypeChecker.Types (
26− The following functions represent the corresponding type checking judgements:
29− Synthesize a type for a value
32− Check a value has a given type
35− Check an object with a given type contains specified properties
37− checkFunctionApplication
38− Check a function of a given type returns a value of another type when applied to its arguments
41− Check a type subsumes another type
45−import Data.Maybe (maybeToList, isNothing, isJust, fromMaybe)
46−import qualified Data.Data as D
48− (everythingWithContext, mkM, everywhereM, everything, mkT,
49− something, everywhere, mkQ)
50−import Data.Generics.Extras
52−import Language.PureScript.Declarations
53−import Language.PureScript.Types
54−import Language.PureScript.Kinds
55−import Language.PureScript.Names
56−import Language.PureScript.TypeClassDictionaries
57−import Language.PureScript.TypeChecker.Monad
58−import Language.PureScript.TypeChecker.Kinds
59−import Language.PureScript.TypeChecker.Synonyms
60−import Language.PureScript.Pretty
61−import Language.PureScript.Environment
62−import Language.PureScript.Errors
63−import qualified Language.PureScript.Constants as C
65−import Control.Monad.State
66−import Control.Monad.Error
67−import Control.Monad.Unify
69−import Control.Applicative
70−import Control.Arrow (Arrow(..))
72−import qualified Data.Map as M
73−import Data.Function (on)
74−import Data.Ord (comparing)
75−import Data.Monoid ((<>))
77−instance Partial Type where
79− isUnknown (TUnknown u) = Just u
80− isUnknown _ = Nothing
82−instance Unifiable Check Type where
86−-- Unify two types, updating the current substitution
88−unifyTypes :: Type -> Type -> UnifyT Type Check ()
89−unifyTypes t1 t2 = rethrow (mkErrorStack ("Error unifying type " ++ prettyPrintType t1 ++ " with type " ++ prettyPrintType t2) Nothing <>) $
92− unifyTypes' (TUnknown u1) (TUnknown u2) | u1 == u2 = return ()
93− unifyTypes' (TUnknown u) t = u =:= t
94− unifyTypes' t (TUnknown u) = u =:= t
95− unifyTypes' (SaturatedTypeSynonym name args) ty = do
96− ty1 <- introduceSkolemScope <=< expandTypeSynonym name $ args
98− unifyTypes' ty s@(SaturatedTypeSynonym _ _) = s `unifyTypes` ty
99− unifyTypes' (ForAll ident1 ty1 sc1) (ForAll ident2 ty2 sc2) =
101− (Just sc1', Just sc2') -> do
102− sko <- newSkolemConstant
103− let sk1 = skolemize ident1 sko sc1' ty1
104− let sk2 = skolemize ident2 sko sc2' ty2
105− sk1 `unifyTypes` sk2
106− _ -> error "Skolemized type variable was not given a scope"
107− unifyTypes' (ForAll ident ty1 (Just sc)) ty2 = do
108− sko <- newSkolemConstant
109− let sk = skolemize ident sko sc ty1
111− unifyTypes' ForAll{} _ = throwError . strMsg $ "Skolem variable scope is unspecified"
112− unifyTypes' ty f@ForAll{} = f `unifyTypes` ty
113− unifyTypes' (TypeVar v1) (TypeVar v2) | v1 == v2 = return ()
114− unifyTypes' (TypeConstructor c1) (TypeConstructor c2) =
115− guardWith (strMsg ("Cannot unify " ++ show c1 ++ " with " ++ show c2 ++ ".")) (c1 == c2)
116− unifyTypes' (TypeApp t3 t4) (TypeApp t5 t6) = do
119− unifyTypes' (Skolem s1 _) (Skolem s2 _) | s1 == s2 = return ()
120− unifyTypes' r1@RCons{} r2 = unifyRows r1 r2
121− unifyTypes' r1 r2@RCons{} = unifyRows r1 r2
122− unifyTypes' r1@REmpty r2 = unifyRows r1 r2
123− unifyTypes' r1 r2@REmpty = unifyRows r1 r2
124− unifyTypes' t@(ConstrainedType _ _) _ = throwError . strMsg $ "Attempted to unify a constrained type " ++ prettyPrintType t ++ " with another type."
125− unifyTypes' t3 t4@(ConstrainedType _ _) = unifyTypes' t4 t3
126− unifyTypes' t3 t4 = throwError . strMsg $ "Cannot unify " ++ prettyPrintType t3 ++ " with " ++ prettyPrintType t4 ++ "."
129−-- Unify two rows, updating the current substitution
131−-- Common labels are first identified, and unified. Remaining labels and types are unified with a
132−-- trailing row unification variable, if appropriate, otherwise leftover labels result in a unification
135−unifyRows :: Type -> Type -> UnifyT Type Check ()
138− (s1, r1') = rowToList r1
139− (s2, r2') = rowToList r2
140− int = [ (t1, t2) | (name, t1) <- s1, (name', t2) <- s2, name == name' ]
141− sd1 = [ (name, t1) | (name, t1) <- s1, name `notElem` map fst s2 ]
142− sd2 = [ (name, t2) | (name, t2) <- s2, name `notElem` map fst s1 ]
144− forM_ int (uncurry (=?=))
145− unifyRows' sd1 r1' sd2 r2'
147− unifyRows' :: [(String, Type)] -> Type -> [(String, Type)] -> Type -> UnifyT Type Check ()
148− unifyRows' [] (TUnknown u) sd r = u =:= rowFromList (sd, r)
149− unifyRows' sd r [] (TUnknown u) = u =:= rowFromList (sd, r)
150− unifyRows' ((name, ty):row) r others u@(TUnknown un) = do
152− forM_ row $ \(_, t) -> occursCheck un t
154− u =?= RCons name ty u'
155− unifyRows' row r others u'
156− unifyRows' [] REmpty [] REmpty = return ()
157− unifyRows' [] (TypeVar v1) [] (TypeVar v2) | v1 == v2 = return ()
158− unifyRows' [] (Skolem s1 _) [] (Skolem s2 _) | s1 == s2 = return ()
159− unifyRows' sd3 r3 sd4 r4 = throwError . strMsg $ "Cannot unify (" ++ prettyPrintRow (rowFromList (sd3, r3)) ++ ") with (" ++ prettyPrintRow (rowFromList (sd4, r4)) ++ ")"
162−-- Infer the types of multiple mutually-recursive values, and return elaborated values including
163−-- type class dictionaries and type annotations.
165−typesOf :: Maybe ModuleName -> ModuleName -> [(Ident, Value)] -> Check [(Ident, (Value, Type))]
166−typesOf mainModuleName moduleName vals = do
167− tys <- fmap tidyUp . liftUnify $ do
168− (es, dict, untypedDict) <- typeDictionaryForBindingGroup moduleName vals
170− triple@(_, (_, ty)) <- typeForBindingGroupElement moduleName e dict untypedDict
171− -- If --main is enabled, need to check that `main` has type Eff eff a for some eff, a
172− when (Just moduleName == mainModuleName && fst e == Ident C.main) $ do
173− [eff, a] <- replicateM 2 fresh
174− ty =?= TypeApp (TypeApp (TypeConstructor (Qualified (Just (ModuleName [ProperName "Control", ProperName "Monad", ProperName "Eff"])) (ProperName "Eff"))) eff) a
177− forM tys $ \(ident, (val, ty)) -> do
178− -- Replace type class dictionary placeholders with actual dictionaries
179− val' <- replaceTypeClassDictionaries moduleName val
180− -- Check skolem variables did not escape their scope
181− skolemEscapeCheck val'
182− -- Remove type synonyms placeholders, remove duplicate row fields, and replace
183− -- top-level unification variables with named type variables.
184− let val'' = overTypes (desaturateAllTypeSynonyms . setifyAll) val'
185− ty' = varIfUnknown . desaturateAllTypeSynonyms . setifyAll $ ty
186− return (ident, (val'', ty'))
188− -- Apply the substitution that was returned from runUnify to both types and (type-annotated) values
189− tidyUp (ts, sub) = map (\(i, (val, ty)) -> (i, (overTypes (sub $?) val, sub $? ty))) ts
191−typeDictionaryForBindingGroup :: ModuleName -> [(Ident, Value)] -> UnifyT Type Check ([(Ident, (Value, Maybe (Type, Bool)))], M.Map (ModuleName, Ident) (Type, NameKind), [(Ident, Type)])
192−typeDictionaryForBindingGroup moduleName vals = do
194− -- Map each declaration to a name/value pair, with an optional type, if the declaration is typed
195− es = map isTyped vals
196− -- Filter the typed and untyped declarations
197− typed = filter (isJust . snd . snd) es
198− untyped = filter (isNothing . snd . snd) es
199− -- Make a map of names to typed declarations
200− typedDict = map (\(ident, (_, Just (ty, _))) -> (ident, ty)) typed
202− -- Create fresh unification variables for the types of untyped declarations
203− untypedNames <- replicateM (length untyped) fresh
206− -- Make a map of names to the unification variables of untyped declarations
207− untypedDict = zip (map fst untyped) untypedNames
208− -- Create the dictionary of all name/type pairs, which will be added to the environment during type checking
209− dict = M.fromList (map (\(ident, ty) -> ((moduleName, ident), (ty, LocalVariable))) $ typedDict ++ untypedDict)
210− return (es, dict, untypedDict)
212−typeForBindingGroupElement :: ModuleName -> (Ident, (Value, Maybe (Type, Bool))) -> M.Map (ModuleName, Ident) (Type, NameKind) -> [(Ident, Type)] -> UnifyT Type Check (Ident, (Value, Type))
213−typeForBindingGroupElement moduleName e@(_, (val, _)) dict untypedDict = do
214− -- If the declaration is a function, it has access to other values in the binding group.
215− -- If not, the generated code might fail at runtime since those values might be undefined.
216− let dict' = if isFunction val then dict else M.empty
218− -- Typed declarations
219− (ident, (val', Just (ty, checkType))) -> do
221− kind <- liftCheck $ kindOf moduleName ty
222− guardWith (strMsg $ "Expected type of kind *, was " ++ prettyPrintKind kind) $ kind == Star
223− -- Check the type with the new names in scope
224− ty' <- introduceSkolemScope <=< replaceAllTypeSynonyms $ ty
225− val'' <- bindNames dict' $ if checkType
226− then TypedValue True <$> check val' ty' <*> pure ty'
227− else return (TypedValue False val' ty')
228− return (ident, (val'', ty'))
229− -- Untyped declarations
230− (ident, (val', Nothing)) -> do
231− -- Infer the type with the new names in scope
232− TypedValue _ val'' ty <- bindNames dict' $ infer val'
233− ty =?= fromMaybe (error "name not found in dictionary") (lookup ident untypedDict)
234− return (ident, (TypedValue True val'' ty, ty))
237−-- Check if a value introduces a function
239−isFunction :: Value -> Bool
240−isFunction (Abs _ _) = True
241−isFunction (TypedValue _ val _) = isFunction val
242−isFunction (PositionedValue _ val) = isFunction val
246−-- Check if a value contains a type annotation
248−isTyped :: (Ident, Value) -> (Ident, (Value, Maybe (Type, Bool)))
249−isTyped (name, TypedValue checkType value ty) = (name, (value, Just (ty, checkType)))
250−isTyped (name, value) = (name, (value, Nothing))
253−-- Map a function over type annotations appearing inside a value
255−overTypes :: (Type -> Type) -> Value -> Value
256−overTypes f = everywhere (mkT f)
259−-- Replace type class dictionary placeholders with inferred type class dictionaries
261−replaceTypeClassDictionaries :: ModuleName -> Value -> Check Value
262−replaceTypeClassDictionaries mn = everywhereM' (mkM go)
264− go (TypeClassDictionary constraint dicts) = do
266− entails env mn dicts constraint
267− go other = return other
270−-- Check that the current set of type class dictionaries entail the specified type class goal, and, if so,
271−-- return a type class dictionary reference.
273−entails :: Environment -> ModuleName -> [TypeClassDictionaryInScope] -> (Qualified ProperName, [Type]) -> Check Value
274−entails env moduleName context goal@(className, tys) = do
276− [] -> throwError . strMsg $ "No " ++ show className ++ " instance found for " ++ intercalate ", " (map prettyPrintType tys)
277− (dict : _) -> return dict
279− go (className', tys') =
280− [ mkDictionary (canonicalizeDictionary tcd) args
282− -- Choose type class dictionaries in scope in the current module
284− -- Make sure the type class name matches the one we are trying to satisfy
285− , className' == tcdClassName tcd
286− -- Make sure the type unifies with the type in the type instance definition
287− , subst <- maybeToList . (>>= verifySubstitution) . fmap concat $ zipWithM (typeHeadsAreEqual moduleName env) tys' (tcdInstanceTypes tcd)
288− -- Solve any necessary subgoals
289− , args <- solveSubgoals subst (tcdDependencies tcd) ]
290− -- Create dictionaries for subgoals which still need to be solved by calling go recursively
291− -- E.g. the goal (Show a, Show b) => Show (Either a b) can be satisfied if the current type
292− -- unifies with Either a b, and we can satisfy the subgoals Show a and Show b recursively.
293− solveSubgoals :: [(String, Type)] -> Maybe [(Qualified ProperName, [Type])] -> [Maybe [Value]]
294− solveSubgoals _ Nothing = return Nothing
295− solveSubgoals subst (Just subgoals) = do
296− dict <- mapM (go . second (map (replaceAllTypeVars subst))) subgoals
298− -- Make a dictionary from subgoal dictionaries by applying the correct function
299− mkDictionary :: Qualified Ident -> Maybe [Value] -> Value
300− mkDictionary fnName Nothing = Var fnName
301− mkDictionary fnName (Just []) = App (Var fnName) (ObjectLiteral [])
302− mkDictionary fnName (Just dicts) = foldl App (Var fnName) dicts
303− -- Filter out type dictionaries which are in scope in the current module
304− filterModule :: TypeClassDictionaryInScope -> Bool
305− filterModule (TypeClassDictionaryInScope { tcdName = Qualified (Just mn) _ }) | mn == moduleName = True
306− filterModule (TypeClassDictionaryInScope { tcdName = Qualified Nothing _ }) = True
307− filterModule _ = False
308− -- Ensure that a substitution is valid
309− verifySubstitution :: [(String, Type)] -> Maybe [(String, Type)]
310− verifySubstitution subst = do
311− let grps = groupBy ((==) `on` fst) subst
312− guard (all (pairwise (unifiesWith env) . map snd) grps)
313− return $ map head grps
316−-- Check all values in a list pairwise match a predicate
318−pairwise :: (a -> a -> Bool) -> [a] -> Bool
320−pairwise _ [_] = True
321−pairwise p (x : xs) = all (p x) xs && pairwise p xs
324−-- Check that two types unify
326−unifiesWith :: Environment -> Type -> Type -> Bool
327−unifiesWith _ (TUnknown _) _ = True
328−unifiesWith _ _ (TUnknown _) = True
329−unifiesWith _ (Skolem s1 _) (Skolem s2 _) | s1 == s2 = True
330−unifiesWith _ (TypeVar v1) (TypeVar v2) | v1 == v2 = True
331−unifiesWith _ (TypeConstructor c1) (TypeConstructor c2) | c1 == c2 = True
332−unifiesWith e (TypeApp h1 t1) (TypeApp h2 t2) = unifiesWith e h1 h2 && unifiesWith e t1 t2
333−unifiesWith e (SaturatedTypeSynonym name args) t2 =
334− case expandTypeSynonym' e name args of
336− Right t1 -> unifiesWith e t1 t2
337−unifiesWith e t1 t2@(SaturatedTypeSynonym _ _) = unifiesWith e t2 t1
338−unifiesWith _ _ _ = False
341−-- Check whether the type heads of two types are equal (for the purposes of type class dictionary lookup),
342−-- and return a substitution from type variables to types which makes the type heads unify.
344−typeHeadsAreEqual :: ModuleName -> Environment -> Type -> Type -> Maybe [(String, Type)]
345−typeHeadsAreEqual _ _ (Skolem s1 _) (Skolem s2 _) | s1 == s2 = Just []
346−typeHeadsAreEqual _ _ t (TypeVar v) = Just [(v, t)]
347−typeHeadsAreEqual _ _ (TypeConstructor c1) (TypeConstructor c2) | c1 == c2 = Just []
348−typeHeadsAreEqual m e (TypeApp h1 t1) (TypeApp h2 t2) = (++) <$> typeHeadsAreEqual m e h1 h2 <*> typeHeadsAreEqual m e t1 t2
349−typeHeadsAreEqual m e (SaturatedTypeSynonym name args) t2 = case expandTypeSynonym' e name args of
351− Right t1 -> typeHeadsAreEqual m e t1 t2
352−typeHeadsAreEqual _ _ _ _ = Nothing
355−-- Ensure skolem variables do not escape their scope
357−skolemEscapeCheck :: Value -> Check ()
358−skolemEscapeCheck (TypedValue False _ _) = return ()
359−skolemEscapeCheck root@TypedValue{} =
360− -- Every skolem variable is created when a ForAll type is skolemized.
361− -- This determines the scope of that skolem variable, which is copied from the SkolemScope
362− -- field of the ForAll constructor.
363− -- We traverse the tree top-down, and collect any SkolemScopes introduced by ForAlls.
364− -- If a Skolem is encountered whose SkolemScope is not in the current list, we have found
365− -- an escaped skolem variable.
366− case everythingWithContext [] (++) (mkQ ((,) []) go) root of
368− ((binding, val) : _) -> throwError $ mkErrorStack ("Rigid/skolem type variable " ++ maybe "" (("bound by " ++) . prettyPrintValue) binding ++ " has escaped.") (Just (ValueError val))
370− go :: Value -> [(SkolemScope, Value)] -> ([(Maybe Value, Value)], [(SkolemScope, Value)])
371− go val@(TypedValue _ _ (ForAll _ _ (Just sco))) scos = ([], (sco, val) : scos)
372− go val@(TypedValue _ _ ty) scos = case collectSkolems ty \\ map fst scos of
373− (sco : _) -> ([(findBindingScope sco, val)], scos)
376− collectSkolems :: Type -> [SkolemScope]
377− collectSkolems = nub . everything (++) (mkQ [] collect)
379− collect (Skolem _ scope) = [scope]
381− go _ scos = ([], scos)
382− findBindingScope :: SkolemScope -> Maybe Value
383− findBindingScope sco = something (mkQ Nothing go') root
385− go' val@(TypedValue _ _ (ForAll _ _ (Just sco'))) | sco == sco' = Just val
387−skolemEscapeCheck val = throwError $ mkErrorStack "Untyped value passed to skolemEscapeCheck" (Just (ValueError val))
390−-- Ensure a row contains no duplicate labels
392−setify :: Type -> Type
393−setify = rowFromList . first (M.toList . M.fromList) . rowToList
396−-- \"Setify\" all rows occuring inside a value
398−setifyAll :: (D.Data d) => d -> d
399−setifyAll = everywhere (mkT setify)
402−-- Replace outermost unsolved unification variables with named type variables
404−varIfUnknown :: Type -> Type
406− let unks = nub $ unknowns ty
407− toName = (:) 't' . show
408− ty' = everywhere (mkT typeToVar) ty
409− typeToVar :: Type -> Type
410− typeToVar (TUnknown (Unknown u)) = TypeVar (toName u)
412− in mkForAll (sort . map (toName . runUnknown) $ unks) ty'
415−-- Remove any ForAlls and ConstrainedType constructors in a type by introducing new unknowns
416−-- or TypeClassDictionary values.
418−-- This is necessary during type checking to avoid unifying a polymorphic type with a
419−-- unification variable.
421−instantiatePolyTypeWithUnknowns :: Value -> Type -> UnifyT Type Check (Value, Type)
422−instantiatePolyTypeWithUnknowns val (ForAll ident ty _) = do
423− ty' <- replaceVarWithUnknown ident ty
424− instantiatePolyTypeWithUnknowns val ty'
425−instantiatePolyTypeWithUnknowns val (ConstrainedType constraints ty) = do
426− dicts <- getTypeClassDictionaries
427− (_, ty') <- instantiatePolyTypeWithUnknowns (error "Types under a constraint cannot themselves be constrained") ty
428− return (foldl App val (map (flip TypeClassDictionary dicts) constraints), ty')
429−instantiatePolyTypeWithUnknowns val ty = return (val, ty)
432−-- Replace a single type variable with a new unification variable
434−replaceVarWithUnknown :: String -> Type -> UnifyT Type Check Type
435−replaceVarWithUnknown ident ty = do
437− return $ replaceTypeVars ident tu ty
440−-- Replace fully applied type synonyms with the @SaturatedTypeSynonym@ data constructor, which helps generate
441−-- better error messages during unification.
443−replaceAllTypeSynonyms' :: (D.Data d) => Environment -> d -> Either String d
444−replaceAllTypeSynonyms' env d =
446− syns = map (\(name, (args, _)) -> (name, length args)) . M.toList $ typeSynonyms env
448− saturateAllTypeSynonyms syns d
450−replaceAllTypeSynonyms :: (Error e, Functor m, Monad m, MonadState CheckState m, MonadError e m) => (D.Data d) => d -> m d
451−replaceAllTypeSynonyms d = do
453− either (throwError . strMsg) return $ replaceAllTypeSynonyms' env d
456−-- \"Desaturate\" @SaturatedTypeSynonym@s
458−desaturateAllTypeSynonyms :: (D.Data d) => d -> d
459−desaturateAllTypeSynonyms = everywhere (mkT replaceSaturatedTypeSynonym)
461− replaceSaturatedTypeSynonym (SaturatedTypeSynonym name args) = foldl TypeApp (TypeConstructor name) args
462− replaceSaturatedTypeSynonym t = t
465−-- Replace a type synonym and its arguments with the aliased type
467−expandTypeSynonym' :: Environment -> Qualified ProperName -> [Type] -> Either String Type
468−expandTypeSynonym' env name args =
469− case M.lookup name (typeSynonyms env) of
470− Just (synArgs, body) -> do
471− let repl = replaceAllTypeVars (zip synArgs args) body
472− replaceAllTypeSynonyms' env repl
473− Nothing -> error "Type synonym was not defined"
475−expandTypeSynonym :: (Error e, Functor m, Monad m, MonadState CheckState m, MonadError e m) => Qualified ProperName -> [Type] -> m Type
476−expandTypeSynonym name args = do
478− either (throwError . strMsg) return $ expandTypeSynonym' env name args
480−expandAllTypeSynonyms :: (Error e, Functor m, Monad m, MonadState CheckState m, MonadError e m) => Type -> m Type
481−expandAllTypeSynonyms = everywhereM' (mkM go)
483− go (SaturatedTypeSynonym name args) = expandTypeSynonym name args
484− go other = return other
487−-- Ensure a set of property names and value does not contain duplicate labels
489−ensureNoDuplicateProperties :: (Error e, MonadError e m) => [(String, Value)] -> m ()
490−ensureNoDuplicateProperties ps = guardWith (strMsg "Duplicate property names") $ length (nub . map fst $ ps) == length ps
493−-- Infer a type for a value, rethrowing any error to provide a more useful error message
495−infer :: Value -> UnifyT Type Check Value
496−infer val = rethrow (mkErrorStack "Error inferring type of value" (Just (ValueError val)) <>) $ infer' val
499−-- Infer a type for a value
501−infer' :: Value -> UnifyT Type Check Value
502−infer' v@(NumericLiteral _) = return $ TypedValue True v tyNumber
503−infer' v@(StringLiteral _) = return $ TypedValue True v tyString
504−infer' v@(BooleanLiteral _) = return $ TypedValue True v tyBoolean
505−infer' (ArrayLiteral vals) = do
506− ts <- mapM infer vals
508− forM_ ts $ \(TypedValue _ _ t) -> els =?= TypeApp tyArray t
509− return $ TypedValue True (ArrayLiteral ts) els
510−infer' (ObjectLiteral ps) = do
511− ensureNoDuplicateProperties ps
512− ts <- mapM (infer . snd) ps
513− let fields = zipWith (\name (TypedValue _ _ t) -> (name, t)) (map fst ps) ts
514− ty = TypeApp tyObject $ rowFromList (fields, REmpty)
515− return $ TypedValue True (ObjectLiteral (zip (map fst ps) ts)) ty
516−infer' (ObjectUpdate o ps) = do
517− ensureNoDuplicateProperties ps
519− newVals <- zipWith (\(name, _) t -> (name, t)) ps <$> mapM (infer . snd) ps
520− let newTys = map (\(name, TypedValue _ _ ty) -> (name, ty)) newVals
521− oldTys <- zip (map fst ps) <$> replicateM (length ps) fresh
522− let oldTy = TypeApp tyObject $ rowFromList (oldTys, row)
523− o' <- TypedValue True <$> check o oldTy <*> pure oldTy
524− return $ TypedValue True (ObjectUpdate o' newVals) $ TypeApp tyObject $ rowFromList (newTys, row)
525−infer' (Accessor prop val) = do
526− typed@(TypedValue _ _ objTy) <- infer val
527− propTy <- inferProperty objTy prop
532− _ <- subsumes Nothing objTy (TypeApp tyObject (RCons prop field rest))
533− return $ TypedValue True (Accessor prop typed) field
534− Just ty -> return $ TypedValue True (Accessor prop typed) ty
535−infer' (Abs (Left arg) ret) = do
537− Just moduleName <- checkCurrentModule <$> get
538− bindLocalVariables moduleName [(arg, ty)] $ do
539− body@(TypedValue _ _ bodyTy) <- infer' ret
540− return $ TypedValue True (Abs (Left arg) body) $ function ty bodyTy
541−infer' (Abs (Right _) _) = error "Binder was not desugared"
542−infer' (App f arg) = do
543− f'@(TypedValue _ _ ft) <- infer f
544− (ret, app) <- checkFunctionApplication f' ft arg Nothing
545− return $ TypedValue True app ret
546−infer' (Var var) = do
547− Just moduleName <- checkCurrentModule <$> get
548− ty <- introduceSkolemScope <=< replaceAllTypeSynonyms <=< lookupVariable moduleName $ var
550− ConstrainedType constraints ty' -> do
551− dicts <- getTypeClassDictionaries
552− return $ TypedValue True (foldl App (Var var) (map (flip TypeClassDictionary dicts) constraints)) ty'
553− _ -> return $ TypedValue True (Var var) ty
554−infer' v@(Constructor c) = do
556− case M.lookup c (dataConstructors env) of
557− Nothing -> throwError . strMsg $ "Constructor " ++ show c ++ " is undefined"
558− Just (_, ty) -> do ty' <- introduceSkolemScope <=< replaceAllTypeSynonyms $ ty
559− return $ TypedValue True v ty'
560−infer' (Case vals binders) = do
561− ts <- mapM infer vals
563− binders' <- checkBinders (map (\(TypedValue _ _ t) -> t) ts) ret binders
564− return $ TypedValue True (Case ts binders') ret
565−infer' (IfThenElse cond th el) = do
566− cond' <- check cond tyBoolean
567− v2@(TypedValue _ _ t2) <- infer th
568− v3@(TypedValue _ _ t3) <- infer el
570− return $ TypedValue True (IfThenElse cond' v2 v3) t2
571−infer' (Let ds val) = do
572− (ds', val'@(TypedValue _ _ valTy)) <- inferLetBinding [] ds val infer
573− return $ TypedValue True (Let ds' val') valTy
574−infer' (TypedValue checkType val ty) = do
575− Just moduleName <- checkCurrentModule <$> get
576− kind <- liftCheck $ kindOf moduleName ty
577− guardWith (strMsg $ "Expected type of kind *, was " ++ prettyPrintKind kind) $ kind == Star
578− ty' <- introduceSkolemScope <=< replaceAllTypeSynonyms $ ty
579− val' <- if checkType then check val ty' else return val
580− return $ TypedValue True val' ty'
581−infer' (PositionedValue pos val) = rethrowWithPosition pos $ infer' val
582−infer' _ = error "Invalid argument to infer"
584−inferLetBinding :: [Declaration] -> [Declaration] -> Value -> (Value -> UnifyT Type Check Value) -> UnifyT Type Check ([Declaration], Value)
585−inferLetBinding seen [] ret j = (,) seen <$> j ret
586−inferLetBinding seen (ValueDeclaration ident nameKind [] Nothing val : rest) ret j = do
588− Just moduleName <- checkCurrentModule <$> get
589− let dict = if isFunction val then M.singleton (moduleName, ident) (valTy, nameKind) else M.empty
590− TypedValue _ val' valTy' <- bindNames dict $ infer val
592− bindNames (M.singleton (moduleName, ident) (valTy', nameKind)) $ inferLetBinding (seen ++ [ValueDeclaration ident nameKind [] Nothing val']) rest ret j
593−inferLetBinding seen (BindingGroupDeclaration ds : rest) ret j = do
594− Just moduleName <- checkCurrentModule <$> get
595− (es, dict, untypedDict) <- typeDictionaryForBindingGroup moduleName (map (\(i, _, v) -> (i, v)) ds)
596− ds' <- forM es $ \e -> do
597− (ident, (val', _)) <- typeForBindingGroupElement moduleName e dict untypedDict
598− return $ (ident, LocalVariable, val')
599− bindNames dict $ inferLetBinding (seen ++ [BindingGroupDeclaration ds']) rest ret j
600−inferLetBinding seen (PositionedDeclaration pos d : ds) ret j = do
601− ((d' : ds'), val') <- inferLetBinding seen (d : ds) ret j
602− return (PositionedDeclaration pos d' : ds', val')
603−inferLetBinding _ _ _ _ = error "Invalid argument to inferLetBinding"
606−-- Infer the type of a property inside a record with a given type
608−inferProperty :: Type -> String -> UnifyT Type Check (Maybe Type)
609−inferProperty (TypeApp obj row) prop | obj == tyObject = do
610− let (props, _) = rowToList row
611− return $ lookup prop props
612−inferProperty (SaturatedTypeSynonym name args) prop = do
613− replaced <- introduceSkolemScope <=< expandTypeSynonym name $ args
614− inferProperty replaced prop
615−inferProperty (ForAll ident ty _) prop = do
616− replaced <- replaceVarWithUnknown ident ty
617− inferProperty replaced prop
618−inferProperty _ _ = return Nothing
621−-- Infer the types of variables brought into scope by a binder
623−inferBinder :: Type -> Binder -> UnifyT Type Check (M.Map Ident Type)
624−inferBinder _ NullBinder = return M.empty
625−inferBinder val (StringBinder _) = val =?= tyString >> return M.empty
626−inferBinder val (NumberBinder _) = val =?= tyNumber >> return M.empty
627−inferBinder val (BooleanBinder _) = val =?= tyBoolean >> return M.empty
628−inferBinder val (VarBinder name) = return $ M.singleton name val
629−inferBinder val (ConstructorBinder ctor binders) = do
631− case M.lookup ctor (dataConstructors env) of
633− (_, fn) <- instantiatePolyTypeWithUnknowns (error "Data constructor types cannot contain constraints") ty
634− fn' <- replaceAllTypeSynonyms fn
638− _ <- subsumes Nothing val ty'
640− go (binder : binders') (TypeApp (TypeApp t obj) ret) | t == tyFunction =
641− M.union <$> inferBinder obj binder <*> go binders' ret
642− go _ _ = throwError . strMsg $ "Wrong number of arguments to constructor " ++ show ctor
643− _ -> throwError . strMsg $ "Constructor " ++ show ctor ++ " is not defined"
644−inferBinder val (ObjectBinder props) = do
647− m1 <- inferRowProperties row rest props
648− val =?= TypeApp tyObject row
651− inferRowProperties :: Type -> Type -> [(String, Binder)] -> UnifyT Type Check (M.Map Ident Type)
652− inferRowProperties nrow row [] = nrow =?= row >> return M.empty
653− inferRowProperties nrow row ((name, binder):binders) = do
655− m1 <- inferBinder propTy binder
656− m2 <- inferRowProperties nrow (RCons name propTy row) binders
657− return $ m1 `M.union` m2
658−inferBinder val (ArrayBinder binders) = do
660− m1 <- M.unions <$> mapM (inferBinder el) binders
661− val =?= TypeApp tyArray el
663−inferBinder val (ConsBinder headBinder tailBinder) = do
665− m1 <- inferBinder el headBinder
666− m2 <- inferBinder val tailBinder
667− val =?= TypeApp tyArray el
668− return $ m1 `M.union` m2
669−inferBinder val (NamedBinder name binder) = do
670− m <- inferBinder val binder
671− return $ M.insert name val m
672−inferBinder val (PositionedBinder pos binder) =
673− rethrowWithPosition pos $ inferBinder val binder
676−-- Check the types of the return values in a set of binders in a case statement
678−checkBinders :: [Type] -> Type -> [CaseAlternative] -> UnifyT Type Check [CaseAlternative]
679−checkBinders _ _ [] = return []
680−checkBinders nvals ret (CaseAlternative binders grd val : bs) = do
681− Just moduleName <- checkCurrentModule <$> get
682− m1 <- M.unions <$> zipWithM inferBinder nvals binders
683− r <- bindLocalVariables moduleName (M.toList m1) $ do
684− val' <- TypedValue True <$> check val ret <*> pure ret
686− Nothing -> return $ CaseAlternative binders Nothing val'
688− g' <- check g tyBoolean
689− return $ CaseAlternative binders (Just g') val'
690− rs <- checkBinders nvals ret bs
694−-- Generate a new skolem constant
696−newSkolemConstant :: UnifyT Type Check Int
697−newSkolemConstant = runUnknown <$> fresh'
700−-- Generate a new skolem scope
702−newSkolemScope :: UnifyT Type Check SkolemScope
703−newSkolemScope = SkolemScope . runUnknown <$> fresh'
706−-- Skolemize a type variable by replacing its instances with fresh skolem constants
708−skolemize :: String -> Int -> SkolemScope -> Type -> Type
709−skolemize ident sko scope = replaceTypeVars ident (Skolem sko scope)
712−-- Introduce skolem scope at every occurence of a ForAll
714−introduceSkolemScope :: Type -> UnifyT Type Check Type
715−introduceSkolemScope = everywhereM (mkM go)
717− go (ForAll ident ty Nothing) = ForAll ident ty <$> (Just <$> newSkolemScope)
718− go other = return other
721−-- Check the type of a value, rethrowing errors to provide a better error message
723−check :: Value -> Type -> UnifyT Type Check Value
724−check val ty = rethrow (mkErrorStack errorMessage (Just (ValueError val)) <>) $ check' val ty
727− "Error checking type of term " ++
728− prettyPrintValue val ++
733−-- Check the type of a value
735−check' :: Value -> Type -> UnifyT Type Check Value
736−check' val (ForAll ident ty _) = do
737− scope <- newSkolemScope
738− sko <- newSkolemConstant
739− let sk = skolemize ident sko scope ty
740− val' <- check val sk
741− return $ TypedValue True val' (ForAll ident ty (Just scope))
742−check' val t@(ConstrainedType constraints ty) = do
743− dictNames <- forM constraints $ \(Qualified _ (ProperName className), _) -> do
744− n <- liftCheck freshDictionaryName
745− return $ Ident $ "__dict_" ++ className ++ "_" ++ show n
746− val' <- withTypeClassDictionaries (zipWith (\name (className, instanceTy) ->
747− TypeClassDictionaryInScope name className instanceTy Nothing TCDRegular) (map (Qualified Nothing) dictNames)
748− constraints) $ check val ty
749− return $ TypedValue True (foldr (Abs . Left) val' dictNames) t
750−check' val (SaturatedTypeSynonym name args) = do
751− ty <- introduceSkolemScope <=< expandTypeSynonym name $ args
753−check' val u@(TUnknown _) = do
754− val'@(TypedValue _ _ ty) <- infer val
755− -- Don't unify an unknown with an inferred polytype
756− (val'', ty') <- instantiatePolyTypeWithUnknowns val' ty
758− return $ TypedValue True val'' ty'
759−check' v@(NumericLiteral _) t | t == tyNumber =
760− return $ TypedValue True v t
761−check' v@(StringLiteral _) t | t == tyString =
762− return $ TypedValue True v t
763−check' v@(BooleanLiteral _) t | t == tyBoolean =
764− return $ TypedValue True v t
765−check' (ArrayLiteral vals) t@(TypeApp a ty) = do
767− array <- ArrayLiteral <$> forM vals (`check` ty)
768− return $ TypedValue True array t
769−check' (Abs (Left arg) ret) ty@(TypeApp (TypeApp t argTy) retTy) | t == tyFunction = do
770− Just moduleName <- checkCurrentModule <$> get
771− ret' <- bindLocalVariables moduleName [(arg, argTy)] $ check ret retTy
772− return $ TypedValue True (Abs (Left arg) ret') ty
773−check' (Abs (Right _) _) _ = error "Binder was not desugared"
774−check' (App f arg) ret = do
775− f'@(TypedValue _ _ ft) <- infer f
776− (_, app) <- checkFunctionApplication f' ft arg (Just ret)
777− return $ TypedValue True app ret
778−check' v@(Var var) ty = do
779− Just moduleName <- checkCurrentModule <$> get
780− repl <- introduceSkolemScope <=< replaceAllTypeSynonyms <=< lookupVariable moduleName $ var
781− ty' <- introduceSkolemScope <=< replaceAllTypeSynonyms $ ty
782− v' <- subsumes (Just v) repl ty'
784− Nothing -> throwError . strMsg $ "Unable to check type subsumption"
785− Just v'' -> return $ TypedValue True v'' ty'
786−check' (TypedValue checkType val ty1) ty2 = do
787− Just moduleName <- checkCurrentModule <$> get
788− kind <- liftCheck $ kindOf moduleName ty1
789− guardWith (strMsg $ "Expected type of kind *, was " ++ prettyPrintKind kind) $ kind == Star
790− ty1' <- introduceSkolemScope <=< replaceAllTypeSynonyms $ ty1
791− val' <- subsumes (Just val) ty1' ty2
793− Nothing -> throwError . strMsg $ "Unable to check type subsumption"
795− val''' <- if checkType then check val'' ty1' else return val''
796− return $ TypedValue checkType (TypedValue True val''' ty1) ty2
797−check' (Case vals binders) ret = do
798− vals' <- mapM infer vals
799− let ts = map (\(TypedValue _ _ t) -> t) vals'
800− binders' <- checkBinders ts ret binders
801− return $ TypedValue True (Case vals' binders') ret
802−check' (IfThenElse cond th el) ty = do
803− cond' <- check cond tyBoolean
806− return $ TypedValue True (IfThenElse cond' th' el') ty
807−check' (ObjectLiteral ps) t@(TypeApp obj row) | obj == tyObject = do
808− ensureNoDuplicateProperties ps
809− ps' <- checkProperties ps row False
810− return $ TypedValue True (ObjectLiteral ps') t
811−check' (ObjectUpdate obj ps) t@(TypeApp o row) | o == tyObject = do
812− ensureNoDuplicateProperties ps
813− us <- zip (map fst ps) <$> replicateM (length ps) fresh
814− let (propsToCheck, rest) = rowToList row
815− propsToRemove = map fst ps
816− remainingProps = filter (\(p, _) -> p `notElem` propsToRemove) propsToCheck
817− obj' <- check obj (TypeApp tyObject (rowFromList (us ++ remainingProps, rest)))
818− ps' <- checkProperties ps row True
819− return $ TypedValue True (ObjectUpdate obj' ps') t
820−check' (Accessor prop val) ty = do
822− val' <- check val (TypeApp tyObject (RCons prop ty rest))
823− return $ TypedValue True (Accessor prop val') ty
824−check' (Constructor c) ty = do
826− case M.lookup c (dataConstructors env) of
827− Nothing -> throwError . strMsg $ "Constructor " ++ show c ++ " is undefined"
829− repl <- introduceSkolemScope <=< replaceAllTypeSynonyms $ ty1
830− _ <- subsumes Nothing repl ty
831− return $ TypedValue True (Constructor c) ty
832−check' (Let ds val) ty = do
833− (ds', val') <- inferLetBinding [] ds val (flip check ty)
834− return $ TypedValue True (Let ds' val') ty
835−check' val ty | containsTypeSynonyms ty = do
836− ty' <- introduceSkolemScope <=< expandAllTypeSynonyms $ ty
838−check' (PositionedValue pos val) ty =
839− rethrowWithPosition pos $ check val ty
840−check' val ty = throwError $ mkErrorStack ("Value does not have type " ++ prettyPrintType ty) (Just (ValueError val))
842−containsTypeSynonyms :: Type -> Bool
843−containsTypeSynonyms = everything (||) (mkQ False go) where
844− go (SaturatedTypeSynonym _ _) = True
848−-- Check the type of a collection of named record fields
850−-- The @lax@ parameter controls whether or not every record member has to be provided. For object updates, this is not the case.
852−checkProperties :: [(String, Value)] -> Type -> Bool -> UnifyT Type Check [(String, Value)]
853−checkProperties ps row lax = let (ts, r') = rowToList row in go ps ts r' where
854− go [] [] REmpty = return []
855− go [] [] u@(TUnknown _) = do u =?= REmpty
857− go [] [] (Skolem _ _) | lax = return []
858− go [] ((p, _): _) _ | lax = return []
859− | otherwise = throwError $ mkErrorStack ("Object does not have property " ++ p) (Just (ValueError (ObjectLiteral ps)))
860− go ((p,_):_) [] REmpty = throwError $ mkErrorStack ("Property " ++ p ++ " is not present in closed object type " ++ prettyPrintRow row) (Just (ValueError (ObjectLiteral ps)))
861− go ((p,v):ps') [] u@(TUnknown _) = do
862− v'@(TypedValue _ _ ty) <- infer v
864− u =?= RCons p ty rest
865− ps'' <- go ps' [] rest
866− return $ (p, v') : ps''
867− go ((p,v):ps') ts r =
870− v'@(TypedValue _ _ ty) <- infer v
872− r =?= RCons p ty rest
873− ps'' <- go ps' ts rest
874− return $ (p, v') : ps''
877− ps'' <- go ps' (delete (p, ty) ts) r
878− return $ (p, v') : ps''
879− go _ _ _ = throwError $ mkErrorStack ("Object does not have type " ++ prettyPrintType (TypeApp tyObject row)) (Just (ValueError (ObjectLiteral ps)))
882−-- Check the type of a function application, rethrowing errors to provide a better error message
884−checkFunctionApplication :: Value -> Type -> Value -> Maybe Type -> UnifyT Type Check (Type, Value)
885−checkFunctionApplication fn fnTy arg ret = rethrow (mkErrorStack errorMessage (Just (ValueError fn)) <>) $ checkFunctionApplication' fn fnTy arg ret
887− errorMessage = "Error applying function of type "
888− ++ prettyPrintType fnTy
889− ++ " to argument " ++ prettyPrintValue arg
892−-- Check the type of a function application
894−checkFunctionApplication' :: Value -> Type -> Value -> Maybe Type -> UnifyT Type Check (Type, Value)
895−checkFunctionApplication' fn (TypeApp (TypeApp tyFunction' argTy) retTy) arg ret = do
896− tyFunction' =?= tyFunction
897− _ <- maybe (return Nothing) (subsumes Nothing retTy) ret
898− subst <- unifyCurrentSubstitution <$> UnifyT get
899− arg' <- check arg (subst $? argTy)
900− return (retTy, App fn arg')
901−checkFunctionApplication' fn (ForAll ident ty _) arg ret = do
902− replaced <- replaceVarWithUnknown ident ty
903− checkFunctionApplication fn replaced arg ret
904−checkFunctionApplication' fn u@(TUnknown _) arg ret = do
906− TypedValue _ arg' t <- infer arg
907− (arg'', t') <- instantiatePolyTypeWithUnknowns arg' t
908− return $ TypedValue True arg'' t'
909− let ty = (\(TypedValue _ _ t) -> t) arg'
910− ret' <- maybe fresh return ret
911− u =?= function ty ret'
912− return (ret', App fn arg')
913−checkFunctionApplication' fn (SaturatedTypeSynonym name tyArgs) arg ret = do
914− ty <- introduceSkolemScope <=< expandTypeSynonym name $ tyArgs
915− checkFunctionApplication fn ty arg ret
916−checkFunctionApplication' fn (ConstrainedType constraints fnTy) arg ret = do
917− dicts <- getTypeClassDictionaries
918− checkFunctionApplication' (foldl App fn (map (flip TypeClassDictionary dicts) constraints)) fnTy arg ret
919−checkFunctionApplication' _ fnTy arg _ = throwError . strMsg $ "Cannot apply a function of type "
920− ++ prettyPrintType fnTy
921− ++ " to argument " ++ prettyPrintValue arg
924−-- Check whether one type subsumes another, rethrowing errors to provide a better error message
926−subsumes :: Maybe Value -> Type -> Type -> UnifyT Type Check (Maybe Value)
927−subsumes val ty1 ty2 = rethrow (mkErrorStack errorMessage (ValueError <$> val) <>) $ subsumes' val ty1 ty2
929− errorMessage = "Error checking that type "
930− ++ prettyPrintType ty1
931− ++ " subsumes type "
932− ++ prettyPrintType ty2
935−-- Check whether one type subsumes another
937−subsumes' :: Maybe Value -> Type -> Type -> UnifyT Type Check (Maybe Value)
938−subsumes' val (ForAll ident ty1 _) ty2 = do
939− replaced <- replaceVarWithUnknown ident ty1
940− subsumes val replaced ty2
941−subsumes' val ty1 (ForAll ident ty2 sco) =
944− sko <- newSkolemConstant
945− let sk = skolemize ident sko sco' ty2
947− Nothing -> throwError . strMsg $ "Skolem variable scope is unspecified"
948−subsumes' val (TypeApp (TypeApp f1 arg1) ret1) (TypeApp (TypeApp f2 arg2) ret2) | f1 == tyFunction && f2 == tyFunction = do
949− _ <- subsumes Nothing arg2 arg1
950− _ <- subsumes Nothing ret1 ret2
952−subsumes' val (SaturatedTypeSynonym name tyArgs) ty2 = do
953− ty1 <- introduceSkolemScope <=< expandTypeSynonym name $ tyArgs
954− subsumes val ty1 ty2
955−subsumes' val ty1 (SaturatedTypeSynonym name tyArgs) = do
956− ty2 <- introduceSkolemScope <=< expandTypeSynonym name $ tyArgs
957− subsumes val ty1 ty2
958−subsumes' (Just val) (ConstrainedType constraints ty1) ty2 = do
959− dicts <- getTypeClassDictionaries
960− _ <- subsumes' Nothing ty1 ty2
961− return . Just $ foldl App val (map (flip TypeClassDictionary dicts) constraints)
962−subsumes' val (TypeApp f1 r1) (TypeApp f2 r2) | f1 == tyObject && f2 == tyObject = do
964− (ts1, r1') = rowToList r1
965− (ts2, r2') = rowToList r2
966− ts1' = sortBy (comparing fst) ts1
967− ts2' = sortBy (comparing fst) ts2
968− go ts1' ts2' r1' r2'
971− go [] ts2 r1' r2' = r1' =?= rowFromList (ts2, r2')
972− go ts1 [] r1' r2' = r2' =?= rowFromList (ts1, r1')
973− go ((p1, ty1) : ts1) ((p2, ty2) : ts2) r1' r2'
974− | p1 == p2 = do _ <- subsumes Nothing ty1 ty2
976− | p1 < p2 = do rest <- fresh
977− r2' =?= RCons p1 ty1 rest
978− go ts1 ((p2, ty2) : ts2) r1' rest
979− | otherwise = do rest <- fresh
980− r1' =?= RCons p2 ty2 rest
981− go ((p1, ty1) : ts1) ts2 rest r2'
982−subsumes' val ty1 ty2@(TypeApp obj _) | obj == tyObject = subsumes val ty2 ty1
983−subsumes' val ty1 ty2 = do