@@ -0,0 +1,678 @@
1+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3+-- Module : Language.PureScript.TypeChecker.Types
4+-- Copyright : (c) Phil Freeman 2013
7+-- Maintainer : Phil Freeman <paf31@cantab.net>
8+-- Stability : experimental
12+-- This module implements the type checker
14+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
16+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts, MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
18+module Language.PureScript.TypeChecker.Types (
23+ The following functions represent the corresponding type checking judgements:
26+ Synthesize a type for a value
29+ Check a value has a given type
32+ Check an object with a given type contains specified properties
34+ checkFunctionApplication
35+ Check a function of a given type returns a value of another type when applied to its arguments
38+import Data.Either (lefts, rights)
40+import Data.Maybe (fromMaybe)
42+import qualified Data.Map as M
44+import Control.Applicative
45+import Control.Monad.Error
46+import Control.Monad.State
47+import Control.Monad.Unify
49+import Language.PureScript.AST
50+import Language.PureScript.Environment
51+import Language.PureScript.Errors
52+import Language.PureScript.Kinds
53+import Language.PureScript.Names
54+import Language.PureScript.Pretty
55+import Language.PureScript.TypeChecker.Entailment
56+import Language.PureScript.TypeChecker.Kinds
57+import Language.PureScript.TypeChecker.Monad
58+import Language.PureScript.TypeChecker.Rows
59+import Language.PureScript.TypeChecker.Skolems
60+import Language.PureScript.TypeChecker.Subsumption
61+import Language.PureScript.TypeChecker.Synonyms
62+import Language.PureScript.TypeChecker.Unify
63+import Language.PureScript.TypeClassDictionaries
64+import Language.PureScript.Types
65+import qualified Language.PureScript.Constants as C
68+-- Infer the types of multiple mutually-recursive values, and return elaborated values including
69+-- type class dictionaries and type annotations.
71+typesOf :: Maybe ModuleName -> ModuleName -> [(Ident, Expr)] -> Check [(Ident, (Expr, Type))]
72+typesOf mainModuleName moduleName vals = do
73+ tys <- fmap tidyUp . liftUnify $ do
74+ (untyped, typed, dict, untypedDict) <- typeDictionaryForBindingGroup moduleName vals
75+ ds1 <- parU typed $ \e -> do
76+ triple@(_, (_, ty)) <- checkTypedBindingGroupElement moduleName e dict
79+ ds2 <- forM untyped $ \e -> do
80+ triple@(_, (_, ty)) <- typeForBindingGroupElement e dict untypedDict
85+ forM tys $ \(ident, (val, ty)) -> do
86+ -- Replace type class dictionary placeholders with actual dictionaries
87+ val' <- replaceTypeClassDictionaries moduleName val
88+ -- Check skolem variables did not escape their scope
89+ skolemEscapeCheck val'
90+ -- Check rows do not contain duplicate labels
91+ checkDuplicateLabels val'
92+ -- Remove type synonyms placeholders, and replace
93+ -- top-level unification variables with named type variables.
94+ let val'' = overTypes desaturateAllTypeSynonyms val'
95+ ty' = varIfUnknown . desaturateAllTypeSynonyms $ ty
96+ return (ident, (val'', ty'))
98+ -- Apply the substitution that was returned from runUnify to both types and (type-annotated) values
99+ tidyUp (ts, sub) = map (\(i, (val, ty)) -> (i, (overTypes (sub $?) val, sub $? ty))) ts
100+ -- If --main is enabled, need to check that `main` has type Eff eff a for some eff, a
101+ checkMain nm ty = when (Just moduleName == mainModuleName && nm == Ident C.main) $ do
102+ [eff, a] <- replicateM 2 fresh
103+ ty =?= TypeApp (TypeApp (TypeConstructor (Qualified (Just (ModuleName [ProperName "Control", ProperName "Monad", ProperName "Eff"])) (ProperName "Eff"))) eff) a
105+type TypeData = M.Map (ModuleName, Ident) (Type, NameKind, NameVisibility)
107+type UntypedData = [(Ident, Type)]
109+typeDictionaryForBindingGroup :: ModuleName -> [(Ident, Expr)] -> UnifyT Type Check ([(Ident, Expr)], [(Ident, (Expr, Type, Bool))], TypeData, UntypedData)
110+typeDictionaryForBindingGroup moduleName vals = do
112+ -- Map each declaration to a name/value pair, with an optional type, if the declaration is typed
113+ es = map isTyped vals
114+ -- Filter the typed and untyped declarations
117+ -- Make a map of names to typed declarations
118+ typedDict = map (\(ident, (_, ty, _)) -> (ident, ty)) typed
120+ -- Create fresh unification variables for the types of untyped declarations
121+ untypedNames <- replicateM (length untyped) fresh
124+ -- Make a map of names to the unification variables of untyped declarations
125+ untypedDict = zip (map fst untyped) untypedNames
126+ -- Create the dictionary of all name/type pairs, which will be added to the environment during type checking
127+ dict = M.fromList (map (\(ident, ty) -> ((moduleName, ident), (ty, LocalVariable, Undefined))) $ typedDict ++ untypedDict)
128+ return (untyped, typed, dict, untypedDict)
130+checkTypedBindingGroupElement :: ModuleName -> (Ident, (Expr, Type, Bool)) -> TypeData -> UnifyT Type Check (Ident, (Expr, Type))
131+checkTypedBindingGroupElement moduleName (ident, (val', ty, checkType)) dict = do
132+ -- Replace type wildcards
133+ ty' <- replaceTypeWildcards ty
135+ kind <- liftCheck $ kindOf moduleName ty
136+ guardWith (strMsg $ "Expected type of kind *, was " ++ prettyPrintKind kind) $ kind == Star
137+ -- Check the type with the new names in scope
138+ ty'' <- introduceSkolemScope <=< replaceAllTypeSynonyms <=< replaceTypeWildcards $ ty'
139+ val'' <- if checkType
140+ then bindNames dict $ TypedValue True <$> check val' ty'' <*> pure ty''
141+ else return (TypedValue False val' ty'')
142+ return (ident, (val'', ty''))
144+typeForBindingGroupElement :: (Ident, Expr) -> TypeData -> UntypedData -> UnifyT Type Check (Ident, (Expr, Type))
145+typeForBindingGroupElement (ident, val) dict untypedDict = do
146+ -- Infer the type with the new names in scope
147+ TypedValue _ val' ty <- bindNames dict $ infer val
148+ ty =?= fromMaybe (error "name not found in dictionary") (lookup ident untypedDict)
149+ return (ident, (TypedValue True val' ty, ty))
152+-- Check if a value contains a type annotation
154+isTyped :: (Ident, Expr) -> Either (Ident, Expr) (Ident, (Expr, Type, Bool))
155+isTyped (name, TypedValue checkType value ty) = Right (name, (value, ty, checkType))
156+isTyped (name, value) = Left (name, value)
159+-- Map a function over type annotations appearing inside a value
161+overTypes :: (Type -> Type) -> Expr -> Expr
162+overTypes f = let (_, f', _) = everywhereOnValues id g id in f'
165+ g (TypedValue checkTy val t) = TypedValue checkTy val (f t)
166+ g (TypeClassDictionary b (nm, tys) sco) = TypeClassDictionary b (nm, map f tys) sco
170+-- Replace type class dictionary placeholders with inferred type class dictionaries
172+replaceTypeClassDictionaries :: ModuleName -> Expr -> Check Expr
173+replaceTypeClassDictionaries mn =
174+ let (_, f, _) = everywhereOnValuesTopDownM return go return
177+ go (TypeClassDictionary trySuperclasses constraint dicts) = do
179+ entails env mn dicts constraint trySuperclasses
180+ go other = return other
183+-- Check the kind of a type, failing if it is not of kind *.
185+checkTypeKind :: ModuleName -> Type -> UnifyT t Check ()
186+checkTypeKind moduleName ty = do
187+ kind <- liftCheck $ kindOf moduleName ty
188+ guardWith (strMsg $ "Expected type of kind *, was " ++ prettyPrintKind kind) $ kind == Star
191+-- Remove any ForAlls and ConstrainedType constructors in a type by introducing new unknowns
192+-- or TypeClassDictionary values.
194+-- This is necessary during type checking to avoid unifying a polymorphic type with a
195+-- unification variable.
197+instantiatePolyTypeWithUnknowns :: Expr -> Type -> UnifyT Type Check (Expr, Type)
198+instantiatePolyTypeWithUnknowns val (ForAll ident ty _) = do
199+ ty' <- replaceVarWithUnknown ident ty
200+ instantiatePolyTypeWithUnknowns val ty'
201+instantiatePolyTypeWithUnknowns val (ConstrainedType constraints ty) = do
202+ dicts <- getTypeClassDictionaries
203+ (_, ty') <- instantiatePolyTypeWithUnknowns (error "Types under a constraint cannot themselves be constrained") ty
204+ return (foldl App val (map (flip (TypeClassDictionary True) dicts) constraints), ty')
205+instantiatePolyTypeWithUnknowns val ty = return (val, ty)
208+-- Infer a type for a value, rethrowing any error to provide a more useful error message
210+infer :: Expr -> UnifyT Type Check Expr
211+infer val = rethrow (mkErrorStack "Error inferring type of value" (Just (ExprError val)) <>) $ infer' val
214+-- Infer a type for a value
216+infer' :: Expr -> UnifyT Type Check Expr
217+infer' v@(NumericLiteral _) = return $ TypedValue True v tyNumber
218+infer' v@(StringLiteral _) = return $ TypedValue True v tyString
219+infer' v@(BooleanLiteral _) = return $ TypedValue True v tyBoolean
220+infer' (ArrayLiteral vals) = do
221+ ts <- mapM infer vals
223+ forM_ ts $ \(TypedValue _ _ t) -> els =?= t
224+ return $ TypedValue True (ArrayLiteral ts) (TypeApp tyArray els)
225+infer' (ObjectLiteral ps) = do
226+ ensureNoDuplicateProperties ps
227+ ts <- mapM (infer . snd) ps
228+ let fields = zipWith (\name (TypedValue _ _ t) -> (name, t)) (map fst ps) ts
229+ ty = TypeApp tyObject $ rowFromList (fields, REmpty)
230+ return $ TypedValue True (ObjectLiteral (zip (map fst ps) ts)) ty
231+infer' (ObjectUpdate o ps) = do
232+ ensureNoDuplicateProperties ps
234+ newVals <- zipWith (\(name, _) t -> (name, t)) ps <$> mapM (infer . snd) ps
235+ let newTys = map (\(name, TypedValue _ _ ty) -> (name, ty)) newVals
236+ oldTys <- zip (map fst ps) <$> replicateM (length ps) fresh
237+ let oldTy = TypeApp tyObject $ rowFromList (oldTys, row)
238+ o' <- TypedValue True <$> check o oldTy <*> pure oldTy
239+ return $ TypedValue True (ObjectUpdate o' newVals) $ TypeApp tyObject $ rowFromList (newTys, row)
240+infer' (Accessor prop val) = do
241+ typed@(TypedValue _ _ objTy) <- infer val
242+ propTy <- inferProperty objTy prop
247+ _ <- subsumes Nothing objTy (TypeApp tyObject (RCons prop field rest))
248+ return $ TypedValue True (Accessor prop typed) field
249+ Just ty -> return $ TypedValue True (Accessor prop typed) ty
250+infer' (Abs (Left arg) ret) = do
252+ Just moduleName <- checkCurrentModule <$> get
253+ makeBindingGroupVisible $ bindLocalVariables moduleName [(arg, ty, Defined)] $ do
254+ body@(TypedValue _ _ bodyTy) <- infer' ret
255+ return $ TypedValue True (Abs (Left arg) body) $ function ty bodyTy
256+infer' (Abs (Right _) _) = error "Binder was not desugared"
257+infer' (App f arg) = do
258+ f'@(TypedValue _ _ ft) <- infer f
259+ (ret, app) <- checkFunctionApplication f' ft arg Nothing
260+ return $ TypedValue True app ret
261+infer' (Var var) = do
262+ Just moduleName <- checkCurrentModule <$> get
263+ checkVisibility moduleName var
264+ ty <- introduceSkolemScope <=< replaceAllTypeSynonyms <=< replaceTypeWildcards <=< lookupVariable moduleName $ var
266+ ConstrainedType constraints ty' -> do
267+ dicts <- getTypeClassDictionaries
268+ return $ TypedValue True (foldl App (Var var) (map (flip (TypeClassDictionary True) dicts) constraints)) ty'
269+ _ -> return $ TypedValue True (Var var) ty
270+infer' v@(Constructor c) = do
272+ case M.lookup c (dataConstructors env) of
273+ Nothing -> throwError . strMsg $ "Constructor " ++ show c ++ " is undefined"
274+ Just (_, _, ty) -> do ty' <- introduceSkolemScope <=< replaceAllTypeSynonyms $ ty
275+ return $ TypedValue True v ty'
276+infer' (Case vals binders) = do
277+ ts <- mapM infer vals
279+ binders' <- checkBinders (map (\(TypedValue _ _ t) -> t) ts) ret binders
280+ return $ TypedValue True (Case ts binders') ret
281+infer' (IfThenElse cond th el) = do
282+ cond' <- check cond tyBoolean
283+ v2@(TypedValue _ _ t2) <- infer th
284+ v3@(TypedValue _ _ t3) <- infer el
285+ (v2', v3', t) <- meet v2 v3 t2 t3
286+ return $ TypedValue True (IfThenElse cond' v2' v3') t
287+infer' (Let ds val) = do
288+ (ds', val'@(TypedValue _ _ valTy)) <- inferLetBinding [] ds val infer
289+ return $ TypedValue True (Let ds' val') valTy
290+infer' (SuperClassDictionary className tys) = do
291+ dicts <- getTypeClassDictionaries
292+ return $ TypeClassDictionary False (className, tys) dicts
293+infer' (TypedValue checkType val ty) = do
294+ Just moduleName <- checkCurrentModule <$> get
295+ checkTypeKind moduleName ty
296+ ty' <- introduceSkolemScope <=< replaceAllTypeSynonyms <=< replaceTypeWildcards $ ty
297+ val' <- if checkType then check val ty' else return val
298+ return $ TypedValue True val' ty'
299+infer' (PositionedValue pos val) = rethrowWithPosition pos $ infer' val
300+infer' _ = error "Invalid argument to infer"
302+inferLetBinding :: [Declaration] -> [Declaration] -> Expr -> (Expr -> UnifyT Type Check Expr) -> UnifyT Type Check ([Declaration], Expr)
303+inferLetBinding seen [] ret j = (,) seen <$> makeBindingGroupVisible (j ret)
304+inferLetBinding seen (ValueDeclaration ident nameKind [] (Right (tv@(TypedValue checkType val ty))) : rest) ret j = do
305+ Just moduleName <- checkCurrentModule <$> get
306+ checkTypeKind moduleName ty
307+ let dict = M.singleton (moduleName, ident) (ty, nameKind, Undefined)
308+ ty' <- introduceSkolemScope <=< replaceAllTypeSynonyms <=< replaceTypeWildcards $ ty
309+ TypedValue _ val' ty'' <- if checkType then bindNames dict (check val ty') else return tv
310+ bindNames (M.singleton (moduleName, ident) (ty'', nameKind, Defined)) $ inferLetBinding (seen ++ [ValueDeclaration ident nameKind [] (Right (TypedValue checkType val' ty''))]) rest ret j
311+inferLetBinding seen (ValueDeclaration ident nameKind [] (Right val) : rest) ret j = do
313+ Just moduleName <- checkCurrentModule <$> get
314+ let dict = M.singleton (moduleName, ident) (valTy, nameKind, Undefined)
315+ TypedValue _ val' valTy' <- bindNames dict $ infer val
317+ bindNames (M.singleton (moduleName, ident) (valTy', nameKind, Defined)) $ inferLetBinding (seen ++ [ValueDeclaration ident nameKind [] (Right val')]) rest ret j
318+inferLetBinding seen (BindingGroupDeclaration ds : rest) ret j = do
319+ Just moduleName <- checkCurrentModule <$> get
320+ (untyped, typed, dict, untypedDict) <- typeDictionaryForBindingGroup moduleName (map (\(i, _, v) -> (i, v)) ds)
321+ ds1' <- parU typed $ \e -> checkTypedBindingGroupElement moduleName e dict
322+ ds2' <- forM untyped $ \e -> typeForBindingGroupElement e dict untypedDict
323+ let ds' = [(ident, LocalVariable, val') | (ident, (val', _)) <- ds1' ++ ds2']
324+ makeBindingGroupVisible $ bindNames dict $ inferLetBinding (seen ++ [BindingGroupDeclaration ds']) rest ret j
325+inferLetBinding seen (PositionedDeclaration pos d : ds) ret j = rethrowWithPosition pos $ do
326+ (d' : ds', val') <- inferLetBinding seen (d : ds) ret j
327+ return (PositionedDeclaration pos d' : ds', val')
328+inferLetBinding _ _ _ _ = error "Invalid argument to inferLetBinding"
331+-- Infer the type of a property inside a record with a given type
333+inferProperty :: Type -> String -> UnifyT Type Check (Maybe Type)
334+inferProperty (TypeApp obj row) prop | obj == tyObject = do
335+ let (props, _) = rowToList row
336+ return $ lookup prop props
337+inferProperty (SaturatedTypeSynonym name args) prop = do
338+ replaced <- introduceSkolemScope <=< expandTypeSynonym name $ args
339+ inferProperty replaced prop
340+inferProperty (ForAll ident ty _) prop = do
341+ replaced <- replaceVarWithUnknown ident ty
342+ inferProperty replaced prop
343+inferProperty _ _ = return Nothing
346+-- Infer the types of variables brought into scope by a binder
348+inferBinder :: Type -> Binder -> UnifyT Type Check (M.Map Ident Type)
349+inferBinder _ NullBinder = return M.empty
350+inferBinder val (StringBinder _) = val =?= tyString >> return M.empty
351+inferBinder val (NumberBinder _) = val =?= tyNumber >> return M.empty
352+inferBinder val (BooleanBinder _) = val =?= tyBoolean >> return M.empty
353+inferBinder val (VarBinder name) = return $ M.singleton name val
354+inferBinder val (ConstructorBinder ctor binders) = do
356+ case M.lookup ctor (dataConstructors env) of
357+ Just (_, _, ty) -> do
358+ (_, fn) <- instantiatePolyTypeWithUnknowns (error "Data constructor types cannot contain constraints") ty
359+ fn' <- introduceSkolemScope <=< replaceAllTypeSynonyms $ fn
363+ _ <- subsumes Nothing val ty'
365+ go (binder : binders') (TypeApp (TypeApp t obj) ret) | t == tyFunction =
366+ M.union <$> inferBinder obj binder <*> go binders' ret
367+ go _ _ = throwError . strMsg $ "Wrong number of arguments to constructor " ++ show ctor
368+ _ -> throwError . strMsg $ "Constructor " ++ show ctor ++ " is not defined"
369+inferBinder val (ObjectBinder props) = do
372+ m1 <- inferRowProperties row rest props
373+ val =?= TypeApp tyObject row
376+ inferRowProperties :: Type -> Type -> [(String, Binder)] -> UnifyT Type Check (M.Map Ident Type)
377+ inferRowProperties nrow row [] = nrow =?= row >> return M.empty
378+ inferRowProperties nrow row ((name, binder):binders) = do
380+ m1 <- inferBinder propTy binder
381+ m2 <- inferRowProperties nrow (RCons name propTy row) binders
382+ return $ m1 `M.union` m2
383+inferBinder val (ArrayBinder binders) = do
385+ m1 <- M.unions <$> mapM (inferBinder el) binders
386+ val =?= TypeApp tyArray el
388+inferBinder val (ConsBinder headBinder tailBinder) = do
390+ m1 <- inferBinder el headBinder
391+ m2 <- inferBinder val tailBinder
392+ val =?= TypeApp tyArray el
393+ return $ m1 `M.union` m2
394+inferBinder val (NamedBinder name binder) = do
395+ m <- inferBinder val binder
396+ return $ M.insert name val m
397+inferBinder val (PositionedBinder pos binder) =
398+ rethrowWithPosition pos $ inferBinder val binder
401+-- Check the types of the return values in a set of binders in a case statement
403+checkBinders :: [Type] -> Type -> [CaseAlternative] -> UnifyT Type Check [CaseAlternative]
404+checkBinders _ _ [] = return []
405+checkBinders nvals ret (CaseAlternative binders result : bs) = do
406+ guardWith (strMsg "Overlapping binders in case statement") $
407+ let ns = concatMap binderNames binders in length (nub ns) == length ns
408+ Just moduleName <- checkCurrentModule <$> get
409+ m1 <- M.unions <$> zipWithM inferBinder nvals binders
410+ r <- bindLocalVariables moduleName [ (name, ty, Defined) | (name, ty) <- M.toList m1 ] $
411+ CaseAlternative binders <$>
414+ gs' <- forM gs $ \(grd, val) -> do
415+ grd' <- check grd tyBoolean
416+ val' <- TypedValue True <$> check val ret <*> pure ret
420+ val' <- TypedValue True <$> check val ret <*> pure ret
422+ rs <- checkBinders nvals ret bs
426+-- Check the type of a value, rethrowing errors to provide a better error message
428+check :: Expr -> Type -> UnifyT Type Check Expr
429+check val ty = rethrow (mkErrorStack errorMessage (Just (ExprError val)) <>) $ check' val ty
432+ "Error checking type of term " ++
433+ prettyPrintValue val ++
438+-- Check the type of a value
440+check' :: Expr -> Type -> UnifyT Type Check Expr
441+check' val (ForAll ident ty _) = do
442+ scope <- newSkolemScope
443+ sko <- newSkolemConstant
444+ let sk = skolemize ident sko scope ty
445+ let skVal = skolemizeTypesInValue ident sko scope val
446+ val' <- check skVal sk
447+ return $ TypedValue True val' (ForAll ident ty (Just scope))
448+check' val t@(ConstrainedType constraints ty) = do
449+ dictNames <- forM constraints $ \(Qualified _ (ProperName className), _) -> do
450+ n <- liftCheck freshDictionaryName
451+ return $ Ident $ "__dict_" ++ className ++ "_" ++ show n
452+ val' <- makeBindingGroupVisible $ withTypeClassDictionaries (zipWith (\name (className, instanceTy) ->
453+ TypeClassDictionaryInScope name className instanceTy Nothing TCDRegular False) (map (Qualified Nothing) dictNames)
454+ constraints) $ check val ty
455+ return $ TypedValue True (foldr (Abs . Left) val' dictNames) t
456+check' val (SaturatedTypeSynonym name args) = do
457+ ty <- introduceSkolemScope <=< expandTypeSynonym name $ args
459+check' val u@(TUnknown _) = do
460+ val'@(TypedValue _ _ ty) <- infer val
461+ -- Don't unify an unknown with an inferred polytype
462+ (val'', ty') <- instantiatePolyTypeWithUnknowns val' ty
464+ return $ TypedValue True val'' ty'
465+check' v@(NumericLiteral _) t | t == tyNumber =
466+ return $ TypedValue True v t
467+check' v@(StringLiteral _) t | t == tyString =
468+ return $ TypedValue True v t
469+check' v@(BooleanLiteral _) t | t == tyBoolean =
470+ return $ TypedValue True v t
471+check' (ArrayLiteral vals) t@(TypeApp a ty) = do
473+ array <- ArrayLiteral <$> forM vals (`check` ty)
474+ return $ TypedValue True array t
475+check' (Abs (Left arg) ret) ty@(TypeApp (TypeApp t argTy) retTy) | t == tyFunction = do
476+ Just moduleName <- checkCurrentModule <$> get
477+ ret' <- makeBindingGroupVisible $ bindLocalVariables moduleName [(arg, argTy, Defined)] $ check ret retTy
478+ return $ TypedValue True (Abs (Left arg) ret') ty
479+check' (Abs (Right _) _) _ = error "Binder was not desugared"
480+check' (App f arg) ret = do
481+ f'@(TypedValue _ _ ft) <- infer f
482+ (_, app) <- checkFunctionApplication f' ft arg (Just ret)
483+ return $ TypedValue True app ret
484+check' v@(Var var) ty = do
485+ Just moduleName <- checkCurrentModule <$> get
486+ checkVisibility moduleName var
487+ repl <- introduceSkolemScope <=< replaceAllTypeSynonyms <=< lookupVariable moduleName $ var
488+ ty' <- introduceSkolemScope <=< replaceAllTypeSynonyms <=< replaceTypeWildcards $ ty
489+ v' <- subsumes (Just v) repl ty'
491+ Nothing -> throwError . strMsg $ "Unable to check type subsumption"
492+ Just v'' -> return $ TypedValue True v'' ty'
493+check' (SuperClassDictionary className tys) _ = do
495+ -- Here, we replace a placeholder for a superclass dictionary with a regular
496+ -- TypeClassDictionary placeholder. The reason we do this is that it is necessary to have the
497+ -- correct super instance dictionaries in scope, and these are not available when the type class
498+ -- declaration gets desugared.
500+ -- Note also that the first argument to TypeClassDictionary is False, meaning we _do not_ want
501+ -- to consider superclass instances when searching for this dictionary - doing so might lead
502+ -- to traversing a cycle in the instance graph.
504+ dicts <- getTypeClassDictionaries
505+ return $ TypeClassDictionary False (className, tys) dicts
506+check' (TypedValue checkType val ty1) ty2 = do
507+ Just moduleName <- checkCurrentModule <$> get
508+ checkTypeKind moduleName ty1
509+ ty1' <- introduceSkolemScope <=< replaceAllTypeSynonyms <=< replaceTypeWildcards $ ty1
510+ ty2' <- introduceSkolemScope <=< replaceAllTypeSynonyms <=< replaceTypeWildcards $ ty2
511+ val' <- subsumes (Just val) ty1' ty2'
513+ Nothing -> throwError . strMsg $ "Unable to check type subsumption"
515+ val''' <- if checkType then check val'' ty2' else return val''
516+ return $ TypedValue checkType (TypedValue True val''' ty1') ty2'
517+check' (Case vals binders) ret = do
518+ vals' <- mapM infer vals
519+ let ts = map (\(TypedValue _ _ t) -> t) vals'
520+ binders' <- checkBinders ts ret binders
521+ return $ TypedValue True (Case vals' binders') ret
522+check' (IfThenElse cond th el) ty = do
523+ cond' <- check cond tyBoolean
526+ return $ TypedValue True (IfThenElse cond' th' el') ty
527+check' (ObjectLiteral ps) t@(TypeApp obj row) | obj == tyObject = do
528+ ensureNoDuplicateProperties ps
529+ ps' <- checkProperties ps row False
530+ return $ TypedValue True (ObjectLiteral ps') t
531+check' (TypeClassDictionaryConstructorApp name ps) t = do
533+ return $ TypedValue True (TypeClassDictionaryConstructorApp name ps') t
534+check' (ObjectUpdate obj ps) t@(TypeApp o row) | o == tyObject = do
535+ ensureNoDuplicateProperties ps
536+ -- We need to be careful to avoid duplicate labels here.
537+ -- We check _obj_ agaist the type _t_ with the types in _ps_ replaced with unknowns.
538+ let (propsToCheck, rest) = rowToList row
539+ (removedProps, remainingProps) = partition (\(p, _) -> p `elem` map fst ps) propsToCheck
540+ us <- zip (map fst removedProps) <$> replicateM (length ps) fresh
541+ obj' <- check obj (TypeApp tyObject (rowFromList (us ++ remainingProps, rest)))
542+ ps' <- checkProperties ps row True
543+ return $ TypedValue True (ObjectUpdate obj' ps') t
544+check' (Accessor prop val) ty = do
546+ val' <- check val (TypeApp tyObject (RCons prop ty rest))
547+ return $ TypedValue True (Accessor prop val') ty
548+check' (Constructor c) ty = do
550+ case M.lookup c (dataConstructors env) of
551+ Nothing -> throwError . strMsg $ "Constructor " ++ show c ++ " is undefined"
552+ Just (_, _, ty1) -> do
553+ repl <- introduceSkolemScope <=< replaceAllTypeSynonyms $ ty1
554+ _ <- subsumes Nothing repl ty
555+ return $ TypedValue True (Constructor c) ty
556+check' (Let ds val) ty = do
557+ (ds', val') <- inferLetBinding [] ds val (`check` ty)
558+ return $ TypedValue True (Let ds' val') ty
559+check' val ty | containsTypeSynonyms ty = do
560+ ty' <- introduceSkolemScope <=< expandAllTypeSynonyms <=< replaceTypeWildcards $ ty
562+check' val kt@(KindedType ty kind) = do
563+ guardWith (strMsg $ "Expected type of kind *, was " ++ prettyPrintKind kind) $ kind == Star
564+ val' <- check' val ty
565+ return $ TypedValue True val' kt
566+check' (PositionedValue pos val) ty =
567+ rethrowWithPosition pos $ check val ty
568+check' val ty = throwError $ mkErrorStack ("Expr does not have type " ++ prettyPrintType ty) (Just (ExprError val))
570+containsTypeSynonyms :: Type -> Bool
571+containsTypeSynonyms = everythingOnTypes (||) go where
572+ go (SaturatedTypeSynonym _ _) = True
576+-- Check the type of a collection of named record fields
578+-- The @lax@ parameter controls whether or not every record member has to be provided. For object updates, this is not the case.
580+checkProperties :: [(String, Expr)] -> Type -> Bool -> UnifyT Type Check [(String, Expr)]
581+checkProperties ps row lax = let (ts, r') = rowToList row in go ps ts r' where
582+ go [] [] REmpty = return []
583+ go [] [] u@(TUnknown _) = do u =?= REmpty
585+ go [] [] Skolem{} | lax = return []
586+ go [] ((p, _): _) _ | lax = return []
587+ | otherwise = throwError $ mkErrorStack ("Object does not have property " ++ p) (Just (ExprError (ObjectLiteral ps)))
588+ go ((p,_):_) [] REmpty = throwError $ mkErrorStack ("Property " ++ p ++ " is not present in closed object type " ++ prettyPrintRow row) (Just (ExprError (ObjectLiteral ps)))
589+ go ((p,v):ps') [] u@(TUnknown _) = do
590+ v'@(TypedValue _ _ ty) <- infer v
592+ u =?= RCons p ty rest
593+ ps'' <- go ps' [] rest
594+ return $ (p, v') : ps''
595+ go ((p,v):ps') ts r =
598+ v'@(TypedValue _ _ ty) <- infer v
600+ r =?= RCons p ty rest
601+ ps'' <- go ps' ts rest
602+ return $ (p, v') : ps''
605+ ps'' <- go ps' (delete (p, ty) ts) r
606+ return $ (p, v') : ps''
607+ go _ _ _ = throwError $ mkErrorStack ("Object does not have type " ++ prettyPrintType (TypeApp tyObject row)) (Just (ExprError (ObjectLiteral ps)))
610+-- Check the type of a function application, rethrowing errors to provide a better error message
612+checkFunctionApplication :: Expr -> Type -> Expr -> Maybe Type -> UnifyT Type Check (Type, Expr)
613+checkFunctionApplication fn fnTy arg ret = rethrow (mkErrorStack errorMessage (Just (ExprError fn)) <>) $ do
614+ subst <- unifyCurrentSubstitution <$> UnifyT get
615+ checkFunctionApplication' fn (subst $? fnTy) arg (($?) subst <$> ret)
617+ errorMessage = "Error applying function of type "
618+ ++ prettyPrintType fnTy
619+ ++ " to argument " ++ prettyPrintValue arg
622+-- Check the type of a function application
624+checkFunctionApplication' :: Expr -> Type -> Expr -> Maybe Type -> UnifyT Type Check (Type, Expr)
625+checkFunctionApplication' fn (TypeApp (TypeApp tyFunction' argTy) retTy) arg ret = do
626+ tyFunction' =?= tyFunction
627+ arg' <- check arg argTy
629+ Nothing -> return (retTy, App fn arg')
631+ Just app' <- subsumes (Just (App fn arg')) retTy ret'
632+ return (retTy, app')
633+checkFunctionApplication' fn (ForAll ident ty _) arg ret = do
634+ replaced <- replaceVarWithUnknown ident ty
635+ checkFunctionApplication fn replaced arg ret
636+checkFunctionApplication' fn u@(TUnknown _) arg ret = do
638+ TypedValue _ arg' t <- infer arg
639+ (arg'', t') <- instantiatePolyTypeWithUnknowns arg' t
640+ return $ TypedValue True arg'' t'
641+ let ty = (\(TypedValue _ _ t) -> t) arg'
642+ ret' <- maybe fresh return ret
643+ u =?= function ty ret'
644+ return (ret', App fn arg')
645+checkFunctionApplication' fn (SaturatedTypeSynonym name tyArgs) arg ret = do
646+ ty <- introduceSkolemScope <=< expandTypeSynonym name $ tyArgs
647+ checkFunctionApplication fn ty arg ret
648+checkFunctionApplication' fn (KindedType ty _) arg ret =
649+ checkFunctionApplication fn ty arg ret
650+checkFunctionApplication' fn (ConstrainedType constraints fnTy) arg ret = do
651+ dicts <- getTypeClassDictionaries
652+ checkFunctionApplication' (foldl App fn (map (flip (TypeClassDictionary True) dicts) constraints)) fnTy arg ret
653+checkFunctionApplication' fn fnTy dict@TypeClassDictionary{} _ =
654+ return (fnTy, App fn dict)
655+checkFunctionApplication' _ fnTy arg _ = throwError . strMsg $ "Cannot apply a function of type "
656+ ++ prettyPrintType fnTy
657+ ++ " to argument " ++ prettyPrintValue arg
660+-- Compute the meet of two types, i.e. the most general type which both types subsume.
661+-- TODO: handle constrained types
663+meet :: Expr -> Expr -> Type -> Type -> UnifyT Type Check (Expr, Expr, Type)
664+meet e1 e2 (ForAll ident t1 _) t2 = do
665+ t1' <- replaceVarWithUnknown ident t1
667+meet e1 e2 t1 (ForAll ident t2 _) = do
668+ t2' <- replaceVarWithUnknown ident t2
670+meet e1 e2 t1 t2 = do
675+-- Ensure a set of property names and value does not contain duplicate labels
677+ensureNoDuplicateProperties :: (Error e, MonadError e m) => [(String, Expr)] -> m ()
678+ensureNoDuplicateProperties ps = guardWith (strMsg "Duplicate property names") $ length (nub . map fst $ ps) == length ps