@@ -0,0 +1,753 @@
1+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2+--
3+-- Module : Language.PureScript.TypeChecker.Types
4+-- Copyright : (c) Phil Freeman 2013
5+-- License : MIT
6+--
7+-- Maintainer : Phil Freeman <paf31@cantab.net>
8+-- Stability : experimental
9+-- Portability :
10+--
11+-- |
12+--
13+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
14+
15+{-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable, FlexibleContexts #-}
16+
17+module Language.PureScript.TypeChecker.Types (
18+ typeOf
19+) where
20+
21+import Data.List
22+import Data.Maybe (isJust, fromMaybe)
23+import Data.Function
24+import qualified Data.Data as D
25+import Data.Generics
26+ (extT, something, everywhere, everywhereM, everything,
27+ everywhereBut, mkT, mkM, mkQ, extM, extQ)
28+
29+import Language.PureScript.Values
30+import Language.PureScript.Types
31+import Language.PureScript.Kinds
32+import Language.PureScript.Names
33+import Language.PureScript.TypeChecker.Monad
34+import Language.PureScript.TypeChecker.Kinds
35+import Language.PureScript.TypeChecker.Synonyms
36+import Language.PureScript.Pretty
37+import Language.PureScript.Unknown
38+
39+import Control.Monad.State
40+import Control.Monad.Error
41+
42+import Control.Applicative
43+import Control.Arrow (Arrow(..), Kleisli(..), (***), (&&&), second)
44+import qualified Control.Category as C
45+
46+import qualified Data.Map as M
47+
48+instance Unifiable Type where
49+ unknown = TUnknown
50+ isUnknown (TUnknown u) = Just u
51+ isUnknown _ = Nothing
52+ (~~) = unifyTypes
53+ apply s (TUnknown u) = runSubstitution s u
54+ apply s (SaturatedTypeSynonym name tys) = SaturatedTypeSynonym name $ map (apply s) tys
55+ apply s (ForAll idents ty) = ForAll idents $ apply s ty
56+ apply s (Array t) = Array (apply s t)
57+ apply s (Object r) = Object (apply s r)
58+ apply s (Function args ret) = Function (map (apply s) args) (apply s ret)
59+ apply s (TypeApp t1 t2) = TypeApp (apply s t1) (apply s t2)
60+ apply _ t = t
61+ unknowns (TUnknown (Unknown u)) = [u]
62+ unknowns (SaturatedTypeSynonym _ tys) = concatMap unknowns tys
63+ unknowns (ForAll idents ty) = unknowns ty
64+ unknowns (Array t) = unknowns t
65+ unknowns (Object r) = unknowns r
66+ unknowns (Function args ret) = concatMap unknowns args ++ unknowns ret
67+ unknowns (TypeApp t1 t2) = unknowns t1 ++ unknowns t2
68+ unknowns _ = []
69+
70+instance Unifiable Row where
71+ unknown = RUnknown
72+ isUnknown (RUnknown u) = Just u
73+ isUnknown _ = Nothing
74+ r1 ~~ r2 =
75+ let
76+ (s1, r1') = rowToList r1
77+ (s2, r2') = rowToList r2
78+ int = [ (t1, t2) | (name, t1) <- s1, (name', t2) <- s2, name == name' ]
79+ sd1 = [ (name, t1) | (name, t1) <- s1, name `notElem` map fst s2 ]
80+ sd2 = [ (name, t2) | (name, t2) <- s2, name `notElem` map fst s1 ]
81+ in do
82+ forM_ int (uncurry (~~))
83+ unifyRows sd1 r1' sd2 r2'
84+ where
85+ unifyRows :: [(String, Type)] -> Row -> [(String, Type)] -> Row -> Subst ()
86+ unifyRows [] (RUnknown u) sd r = replace u (rowFromList (sd, r))
87+ unifyRows sd r [] (RUnknown u) = replace u (rowFromList (sd, r))
88+ unifyRows ns@((name, ty):row) r others u@(RUnknown un) = do
89+ occursCheck un ty
90+ forM row $ \(_, ty) -> occursCheck un ty
91+ u' <- fresh
92+ u ~~ RCons name ty u'
93+ unifyRows row r others u'
94+ unifyRows [] REmpty [] REmpty = return ()
95+ unifyRows [] (RowVar v1) [] (RowVar v2) | v1 == v2 = return ()
96+ unifyRows [] (RSkolem s1) [] (RSkolem s2) | s1 == s2 = return ()
97+ unifyRows sd1 r1 sd2 r2 = throwError $ "Cannot unify " ++ prettyPrintRow (rowFromList (sd1, r1)) ++ " with " ++ prettyPrintRow (rowFromList (sd2, r2)) ++ "."
98+ apply s (RUnknown u) = runSubstitution s u
99+ apply s (RCons name ty r) = RCons name (apply s ty) (apply s r)
100+ apply _ r = r
101+ unknowns (RUnknown (Unknown u)) = [u]
102+ unknowns (RCons _ ty r) = unknowns ty ++ unknowns r
103+ unknowns _ = []
104+
105+unifyTypes :: Type -> Type -> Subst ()
106+unifyTypes t1 t2 = rethrow (\e -> "Error unifying type " ++ prettyPrintType t1 ++ " with type " ++ prettyPrintType t2 ++ ":\n" ++ e) $ do
107+ unifyTypes' t1 t2
108+ where
109+ unifyTypes' (TUnknown u1) (TUnknown u2) | u1 == u2 = return ()
110+ unifyTypes' (TUnknown u) t = replace u t
111+ unifyTypes' t (TUnknown u) = replace u t
112+ unifyTypes' (SaturatedTypeSynonym name1 args1) (SaturatedTypeSynonym name2 args2)
113+ | name1 == name2 = zipWithM_ unifyTypes args1 args2
114+ unifyTypes' (SaturatedTypeSynonym name args) ty = do
115+ ty1 <- expandTypeSynonym name args
116+ ty1 `unifyTypes` ty
117+ unifyTypes' ty s@(SaturatedTypeSynonym _ _) = s `unifyTypes` ty
118+ unifyTypes' (ForAll ident1 ty1) (ForAll ident2 ty2) = do
119+ sk <- skolemize ident1 ty1
120+ replaced <- replaceVarWithUnknown ident2 ty2
121+ sk `unifyTypes` replaced
122+ unifyTypes' (ForAll ident ty1) ty2 = do
123+ sk <- skolemize ident ty1
124+ sk `unifyTypes` ty2
125+ unifyTypes' ty f@(ForAll _ _) = f `unifyTypes` ty
126+ unifyTypes' Number Number = return ()
127+ unifyTypes' String String = return ()
128+ unifyTypes' Boolean Boolean = return ()
129+ unifyTypes' (Array s) (Array t) = s `unifyTypes` t
130+ unifyTypes' (Object row1) (Object row2) = row1 ~~ row2
131+ unifyTypes' (Function args1 ret1) (Function args2 ret2) = do
132+ guardWith "Function applied to incorrect number of args" $ length args1 == length args2
133+ zipWithM_ unifyTypes args1 args2
134+ ret1 `unifyTypes` ret2
135+ unifyTypes' (TypeVar v1) (TypeVar v2) | v1 == v2 = return ()
136+ unifyTypes' (TypeConstructor c1) (TypeConstructor c2) = do
137+ modulePath <- checkModulePath `fmap` get
138+ guardWith ("Cannot unify " ++ show c1 ++ " with " ++ show c2 ++ ".") (qualify modulePath c1 == qualify modulePath c2)
139+ unifyTypes' (TypeApp t1 t2) (TypeApp t3 t4) = do
140+ t1 `unifyTypes` t3
141+ t2 `unifyTypes` t4
142+ unifyTypes' (Skolem s1) (Skolem s2) | s1 == s2 = return ()
143+ unifyTypes' t1 t2 = throwError $ "Cannot unify " ++ prettyPrintType t1 ++ " with " ++ prettyPrintType t2 ++ "."
144+
145+isFunction :: Value -> Bool
146+isFunction (Abs _ _) = True
147+isFunction (TypedValue untyped _) = isFunction untyped
148+isFunction _ = False
149+
150+typeOf :: Maybe Ident -> Value -> Check Type
151+typeOf name val = do
152+ (ty, sub, checks) <- runSubst $ case name of
153+ Just ident | isFunction val ->
154+ case val of
155+ TypedValue val ty -> do
156+ kind <- liftCheck $ kindOf ty
157+ guardWith ("Expected type of kind *, was " ++ prettyPrintKind kind) $ kind == Star
158+ ty' <- replaceAllTypeSynonyms ty
159+ modulePath <- checkModulePath <$> get
160+ bindNames (M.singleton (modulePath, ident) (ty, LocalVariable)) $ check val ty'
161+ return ty'
162+ _ -> do
163+ me <- fresh
164+ modulePath <- checkModulePath <$> get
165+ ty <- bindNames (M.singleton (modulePath, ident) (me, LocalVariable)) $ infer val
166+ ty ~~ me
167+ return ty
168+ _ -> infer val
169+ escapeCheck checks ty sub
170+ skolemEscapeCheck ty
171+ return $ varIfUnknown $ desaturateAllTypeSynonyms $ setifyAll ty
172+
173+escapeCheck :: [AnyUnifiable] -> Type -> Substitution -> Check ()
174+escapeCheck checks ty sub =
175+ let
176+ visibleUnknowns = nub $ unknowns ty
177+ in
178+ forM_ checks $ \check -> case check of
179+ AnyUnifiable t -> do
180+ let unsolvedUnknowns = nub . unknowns $ apply sub t
181+ guardWith "Escape check fails" $ null $ unsolvedUnknowns \\ visibleUnknowns
182+
183+skolemEscapeCheck :: Type -> Check ()
184+skolemEscapeCheck ty =
185+ case something (extQ (mkQ Nothing findSkolems) findRSkolems) ty of
186+ Nothing -> return ()
187+ Just _ -> throwError "Skolem variables cannot escape. Consider adding a type signature."
188+ where
189+ findSkolems (Skolem _) = return ()
190+ findSkolems _ = mzero
191+ findRSkolems (RSkolem _) = return ()
192+ findRSkolems _ = mzero
193+
194+setify :: Row -> Row
195+setify = rowFromList . first (M.toList . M.fromList) . rowToList
196+
197+setifyAll :: (D.Data d) => d -> d
198+setifyAll = everywhere (mkT setify)
199+
200+varIfUnknown :: Type -> Type
201+varIfUnknown ty =
202+ let unks = nub $ unknowns ty
203+ toName = (:) 't' . show
204+ ty' = everywhere (mkT rowToVar) . everywhere (mkT typeToVar) $ ty
205+ typeToVar :: Type -> Type
206+ typeToVar (TUnknown (Unknown u)) = TypeVar (toName u)
207+ typeToVar t = t
208+ rowToVar :: Row -> Row
209+ rowToVar (RUnknown (Unknown u)) = RowVar (toName u)
210+ rowToVar t = t
211+ in mkForAll (sort . map toName $ unks) ty'
212+
213+replaceAllTypeVars :: (D.Data d) => [(String, Type)] -> d -> d
214+replaceAllTypeVars = foldl' (\f (name, ty) -> replaceTypeVars name ty . f) id
215+
216+replaceTypeVars :: (D.Data d) => String -> Type -> d -> d
217+replaceTypeVars name t = everywhereBut (mkQ False isShadowed) (mkT replace)
218+ where
219+ replace (TypeVar v) | v == name = t
220+ replace t = t
221+ isShadowed (ForAll v _) | v == name = True
222+ isShadowed _ = False
223+
224+replaceRowVars :: (D.Data d) => String -> Row -> d -> d
225+replaceRowVars name r = everywhere (mkT replace)
226+ where
227+ replace (RowVar v) | v == name = r
228+ replace t = t
229+
230+replaceAllVarsWithUnknowns :: Type -> Subst Type
231+replaceAllVarsWithUnknowns (ForAll ident ty) = replaceVarWithUnknown ident ty >>= replaceAllVarsWithUnknowns
232+replaceAllVarsWithUnknowns ty = return ty
233+
234+replaceVarWithUnknown :: String -> Type -> Subst Type
235+replaceVarWithUnknown ident ty = do
236+ tu <- fresh
237+ ru <- fresh
238+ return $ replaceRowVars ident ru . replaceTypeVars ident tu $ ty
239+
240+replaceAllTypeSynonyms :: (Functor m, MonadState CheckState m, MonadError String m) => (D.Data d) => d -> m d
241+replaceAllTypeSynonyms d = do
242+ env <- getEnv
243+ let syns = map (\((path, name), (args, _)) -> (Qualified path name, length args)) . M.toList $ typeSynonyms env
244+ either throwError return $ saturateAllTypeSynonyms syns d
245+
246+desaturateAllTypeSynonyms :: (D.Data d) => d -> d
247+desaturateAllTypeSynonyms = everywhere (mkT replace)
248+ where
249+ replace (SaturatedTypeSynonym name args) = foldl TypeApp (TypeConstructor name) args
250+ replace t = t
251+
252+expandAllTypeSynonyms :: Type -> Subst Type
253+expandAllTypeSynonyms (SaturatedTypeSynonym name args) = expandTypeSynonym name args >>= expandAllTypeSynonyms
254+expandAllTypeSynonyms ty = return ty
255+
256+expandTypeSynonym :: Qualified ProperName -> [Type] -> Subst Type
257+expandTypeSynonym name args = do
258+ env <- getEnv
259+ modulePath <- checkModulePath `fmap` get
260+ case M.lookup (qualify modulePath name) (typeSynonyms env) of
261+ Just (synArgs, body) -> return $ replaceAllTypeVars (zip synArgs args) body
262+ Nothing -> error "Type synonym was not defined"
263+
264+ensureNoDuplicateProperties :: (MonadError String m) => [(String, Value)] -> m ()
265+ensureNoDuplicateProperties ps = guardWith "Duplicate property names" $ length (nub . map fst $ ps) == length ps
266+
267+infer :: Value -> Subst Type
268+infer val = rethrow (\e -> "Error inferring type of term " ++ prettyPrintValue val ++ ":\n" ++ e) $ do
269+ ty <- infer' val
270+ escapeCheckLater ty
271+ return ty
272+
273+infer' :: Value -> Subst Type
274+infer' (NumericLiteral _) = return Number
275+infer' (StringLiteral _) = return String
276+infer' (BooleanLiteral _) = return Boolean
277+infer' (ArrayLiteral vals) = do
278+ ts <- mapM (infer) vals
279+ arr <- fresh
280+ forM_ ts $ \t -> arr ~~ Array t
281+ return arr
282+infer' (Unary op val) = do
283+ t <- infer val
284+ inferUnary op t
285+infer' (Binary op left right) = do
286+ t1 <- infer left
287+ t2 <- infer right
288+ inferBinary op t1 t2
289+infer' (ObjectLiteral ps) = do
290+ ensureNoDuplicateProperties ps
291+ ts <- mapM (infer . snd) ps
292+ let fields = zipWith (\(name, _) t -> (name, t)) ps ts
293+ return $ Object $ rowFromList (fields, REmpty)
294+infer' (ObjectUpdate o ps) = do
295+ ensureNoDuplicateProperties ps
296+ row <- fresh
297+ newTys <- zipWith (\(name, _) t -> (name, t)) ps <$> mapM (infer . snd) ps
298+ oldTys <- zip (map fst ps) <$> replicateM (length ps) fresh
299+ check o $ Object $ rowFromList (oldTys, row)
300+ return $ Object $ rowFromList (newTys, row)
301+infer' (Indexer index val) = do
302+ el <- fresh
303+ check index Number
304+ check val (Array el)
305+ return el
306+infer' (Accessor prop val) = do
307+ obj <- infer val
308+ propTy <- inferProperty obj prop
309+ case propTy of
310+ Nothing -> do
311+ field <- fresh
312+ rest <- fresh
313+ obj `subsumes` Object (RCons prop field rest)
314+ return field
315+ Just ty -> return ty
316+infer' (Abs args ret) = do
317+ ts <- replicateM (length args) fresh
318+ bindLocalVariables (zip args ts) $ do
319+ body <- infer' ret
320+ return $ Function ts body
321+infer' app@(App _ _) = do
322+ let (f, argss) = unfoldApplication app
323+ ft <- infer f
324+ ret <- fresh
325+ checkFunctionApplications ft argss ret
326+ return ret
327+infer' (Var var@(Qualified mp name)) = do
328+ ty <- lookupVariable var
329+ replaceAllTypeSynonyms ty
330+infer' (Block ss) = do
331+ ret <- fresh
332+ (allCodePathsReturn, _) <- checkBlock M.empty ret ss
333+ guardWith "Block is missing a return statement" allCodePathsReturn
334+ return ret
335+infer' (Constructor c) = do
336+ env <- getEnv
337+ modulePath <- checkModulePath `fmap` get
338+ case M.lookup (qualify modulePath c) (dataConstructors env) of
339+ Nothing -> throwError $ "Constructor " ++ show c ++ " is undefined"
340+ Just ty -> replaceAllTypeSynonyms ty
341+infer' (Case val binders) = do
342+ t1 <- infer val
343+ ret <- fresh
344+ checkBinders t1 ret binders
345+ return ret
346+infer' (IfThenElse cond th el) = do
347+ check cond Boolean
348+ t2 <- infer th
349+ t3 <- infer el
350+ t2 ~~ t3
351+ return t2
352+infer' (TypedValue val ty) = do
353+ kind <- liftCheck $ kindOf ty
354+ guardWith ("Expected type of kind *, was " ++ prettyPrintKind kind) $ kind == Star
355+ ty' <- replaceAllTypeSynonyms ty
356+ check val ty'
357+ return ty'
358+
359+inferProperty :: Type -> String -> Subst (Maybe Type)
360+inferProperty (Object row) prop = do
361+ let (props, _) = rowToList row
362+ return $ lookup prop props
363+inferProperty (SaturatedTypeSynonym name args) prop = do
364+ replaced <- expandTypeSynonym name args
365+ inferProperty replaced prop
366+inferProperty (ForAll ident ty) prop = do
367+ replaced <- replaceVarWithUnknown ident ty
368+ inferProperty replaced prop
369+inferProperty _ prop = return Nothing
370+
371+inferUnary :: UnaryOperator -> Type -> Subst Type
372+inferUnary op val =
373+ case fromMaybe (error "Invalid operator") $ lookup op unaryOps of
374+ (valTy, resTy) -> do
375+ val ~~ valTy
376+ return resTy
377+
378+checkUnary :: UnaryOperator -> Value -> Type -> Subst ()
379+checkUnary op val res =
380+ case fromMaybe (error "Invalid operator") $ lookup op unaryOps of
381+ (valTy, resTy) -> do
382+ res ~~ resTy
383+ check val valTy
384+
385+unaryOps :: [(UnaryOperator, (Type, Type))]
386+unaryOps = [ (Negate, (Number, Number))
387+ , (Not, (Boolean, Boolean))
388+ , (BitwiseNot, (Number, Number))
389+ ]
390+
391+inferBinary :: BinaryOperator -> Type -> Type -> Subst Type
392+inferBinary op left right | isEqualityTest op = do
393+ left ~~ right
394+ return Boolean
395+inferBinary op left right =
396+ case fromMaybe (error "Invalid operator") $ lookup op binaryOps of
397+ (valTy, resTy) -> do
398+ left ~~ valTy
399+ right ~~ valTy
400+ return resTy
401+
402+checkBinary :: BinaryOperator -> Value -> Value -> Type -> Subst ()
403+checkBinary op left right res | isEqualityTest op = do
404+ res ~~ Boolean
405+ t1 <- infer left
406+ t2 <- infer right
407+ t1 ~~ t2
408+checkBinary op left right res =
409+ case fromMaybe (error "Invalid operator") $ lookup op binaryOps of
410+ (valTy, resTy) -> do
411+ res ~~ resTy
412+ check left valTy
413+ check right valTy
414+
415+isEqualityTest :: BinaryOperator -> Bool
416+isEqualityTest EqualTo = True
417+isEqualityTest NotEqualTo = True
418+isEqualityTest _ = False
419+
420+binaryOps :: [(BinaryOperator, (Type, Type))]
421+binaryOps = [ (Add, (Number, Number))
422+ , (Subtract, (Number, Number))
423+ , (Multiply, (Number, Number))
424+ , (Divide, (Number, Number))
425+ , (Modulus, (Number, Number))
426+ , (BitwiseAnd, (Number, Number))
427+ , (BitwiseOr, (Number, Number))
428+ , (BitwiseXor, (Number, Number))
429+ , (ShiftRight, (Number, Number))
430+ , (ZeroFillShiftRight, (Number, Number))
431+ , (And, (Boolean, Boolean))
432+ , (Or, (Boolean, Boolean))
433+ , (Concat, (String, String))
434+ , (Modulus, (Number, Number))
435+ , (LessThan, (Number, Boolean))
436+ , (LessThanOrEqualTo, (Number, Boolean))
437+ , (GreaterThan, (Number, Boolean))
438+ , (GreaterThanOrEqualTo, (Number, Boolean))
439+ ]
440+
441+inferBinder :: Type -> Binder -> Subst (M.Map Ident Type)
442+inferBinder _ NullBinder = return M.empty
443+inferBinder val (StringBinder _) = val ~~ String >> return M.empty
444+inferBinder val (NumberBinder _) = val ~~ Number >> return M.empty
445+inferBinder val (BooleanBinder _) = val ~~ Boolean >> return M.empty
446+inferBinder val (VarBinder name) = return $ M.singleton name val
447+inferBinder val (NullaryBinder ctor) = do
448+ env <- getEnv
449+ modulePath <- checkModulePath <$> get
450+ case M.lookup (qualify modulePath ctor) (dataConstructors env) of
451+ Just ty -> do
452+ ty `subsumes` val
453+ return M.empty
454+ _ -> throwError $ "Constructor " ++ show ctor ++ " is not defined"
455+inferBinder val (UnaryBinder ctor binder) = do
456+ env <- getEnv
457+ modulePath <- checkModulePath <$> get
458+ case M.lookup (qualify modulePath ctor) (dataConstructors env) of
459+ Just ty -> do
460+ Function [obj] ret <- replaceAllVarsWithUnknowns ty
461+ val `subsumes` ret
462+ inferBinder obj binder
463+ _ -> throwError $ "Constructor " ++ show ctor ++ " is not defined"
464+inferBinder val (ObjectBinder props) = do
465+ row <- fresh
466+ rest <- fresh
467+ m1 <- inferRowProperties row rest props
468+ val ~~ Object row
469+ return m1
470+ where
471+ inferRowProperties :: Row -> Row -> [(String, Binder)] -> Subst (M.Map Ident Type)
472+ inferRowProperties nrow row [] = nrow ~~ row >> return M.empty
473+ inferRowProperties nrow row ((name, binder):binders) = do
474+ propTy <- fresh
475+ m1 <- inferBinder propTy binder
476+ m2 <- inferRowProperties nrow (RCons name propTy row) binders
477+ return $ m1 `M.union` m2
478+inferBinder val (ArrayBinder binders rest) = do
479+ el <- fresh
480+ m1 <- M.unions <$> mapM (inferBinder el) binders
481+ val ~~ Array el
482+ case rest of
483+ Nothing -> return m1
484+ Just binder -> do
485+ m2 <- inferBinder val binder
486+ return $ m1 `M.union` m2
487+inferBinder val (NamedBinder name binder) = do
488+ m <- inferBinder val binder
489+ return $ M.insert name val m
490+
491+inferGuardedBinder :: Type -> Binder -> Subst (M.Map Ident Type)
492+inferGuardedBinder val (GuardedBinder cond binder) = do
493+ m1 <- inferBinder val binder
494+ bindLocalVariables (M.toList m1) $ check cond Boolean
495+ return m1
496+inferGuardedBinder val b = inferBinder val b
497+
498+checkBinders :: Type -> Type -> [(Binder, Value)] -> Subst ()
499+checkBinders _ _ [] = return ()
500+checkBinders nval ret ((binder, val):bs) = do
501+ m1 <- inferGuardedBinder nval binder
502+ bindLocalVariables (M.toList m1) $ check val ret
503+ checkBinders nval ret bs
504+
505+assignVariable :: Ident -> Subst ()
506+assignVariable name = do
507+ env <- checkEnv <$> get
508+ modulePath <- checkModulePath <$> get
509+ case M.lookup (modulePath, name) (names env) of
510+ Just (_, LocalVariable) -> throwError $ "Variable with name " ++ show name ++ " already exists."
511+ _ -> return ()
512+
513+checkStatement :: M.Map Ident Type -> Type -> Statement -> Subst (Bool, M.Map Ident Type)
514+checkStatement mass ret (VariableIntroduction name val) = do
515+ assignVariable name
516+ t <- infer val
517+ return (False, M.insert name t mass)
518+checkStatement mass ret (Assignment ident val) = do
519+ t <- infer val
520+ case M.lookup ident mass of
521+ Nothing -> throwError $ "No local variable with name " ++ show ident
522+ Just ty -> do t ~~ ty
523+ return (False, mass)
524+checkStatement mass ret (While val inner) = do
525+ check val Boolean
526+ (allCodePathsReturn, _) <- checkBlock mass ret inner
527+ return (allCodePathsReturn, mass)
528+checkStatement mass ret (If ifst) = do
529+ allCodePathsReturn <- checkIfStatement mass ret ifst
530+ return (allCodePathsReturn, mass)
531+checkStatement mass ret (For ident start end inner) = do
532+ assignVariable ident
533+ check start Number
534+ check end Number
535+ (allCodePathsReturn, _) <- bindLocalVariables [(ident, Number)] $ checkBlock mass ret inner
536+ return (allCodePathsReturn, mass)
537+checkStatement mass ret (ForEach ident vals inner) = do
538+ assignVariable ident
539+ val <- fresh
540+ check vals (Array val)
541+ (allCodePathsReturn, _) <- bindLocalVariables [(ident, val)] $ checkBlock mass ret inner
542+ guardWith "Cannot return from within a foreach block" $ not allCodePathsReturn
543+ return (False, mass)
544+checkStatement mass ret (Return val) = do
545+ check val ret
546+ return (True, mass)
547+
548+checkIfStatement :: M.Map Ident Type -> Type -> IfStatement -> Subst Bool
549+checkIfStatement mass ret (IfStatement val thens Nothing) = do
550+ check val Boolean
551+ _ <- checkBlock mass ret thens
552+ return False
553+checkIfStatement mass ret (IfStatement val thens (Just elses)) = do
554+ check val Boolean
555+ (allCodePathsReturn1, _) <- checkBlock mass ret thens
556+ allCodePathsReturn2 <- checkElseStatement mass ret elses
557+ return $ allCodePathsReturn1 && allCodePathsReturn2
558+
559+checkElseStatement :: M.Map Ident Type -> Type -> ElseStatement -> Subst Bool
560+checkElseStatement mass ret (Else elses) = fst <$> checkBlock mass ret elses
561+checkElseStatement mass ret (ElseIf ifst) = checkIfStatement mass ret ifst
562+
563+checkBlock :: M.Map Ident Type -> Type -> [Statement] -> Subst (Bool, M.Map Ident Type)
564+checkBlock mass _ [] = return (False, mass)
565+checkBlock mass ret (s:ss) = do
566+ (b1, mass1) <- checkStatement mass ret s
567+ bindLocalVariables (M.toList mass1) $ case (b1, ss) of
568+ (True, []) -> return (True, mass1)
569+ (True, _) -> throwError "Unreachable code"
570+ (False, ss) -> checkBlock mass1 ret ss
571+
572+skolemize :: String -> Type -> Subst Type
573+skolemize ident ty = do
574+ tsk <- Skolem <$> fresh'
575+ rsk <- RSkolem <$> fresh'
576+ return $ replaceRowVars ident rsk $ replaceTypeVars ident tsk ty
577+
578+check :: Value -> Type -> Subst ()
579+check val ty = rethrow errorMessage $ check' val ty
580+ where
581+ errorMessage msg =
582+ "Error checking type of term " ++
583+ prettyPrintValue val ++
584+ " against type " ++
585+ prettyPrintType ty ++
586+ ":\n" ++
587+ msg
588+
589+check' :: Value -> Type -> Subst ()
590+check' val (ForAll idents ty) = do
591+ sk <- skolemize idents ty
592+ check val sk
593+check' val u@(TUnknown _) = do
594+ ty <- infer val
595+ -- Don't unify an unknown with an inferred polytype
596+ ty' <- replaceAllVarsWithUnknowns ty
597+ ty' ~~ u
598+check' (NumericLiteral _) Number = return ()
599+check' (StringLiteral _) String = return ()
600+check' (BooleanLiteral _) Boolean = return ()
601+check' (Unary op val) ty = checkUnary op val ty
602+check' (Binary op left right) ty = checkBinary op left right ty
603+check' (ArrayLiteral vals) (Array ty) = forM_ vals (\val -> check val ty)
604+check' (Indexer index vals) ty = check index Number >> check vals (Array ty)
605+check' (Abs args ret) (Function argTys retTy) = do
606+ guardWith "Incorrect number of function arguments" (length args == length argTys)
607+ bindLocalVariables (zip args argTys) $ check ret retTy
608+check' app@(App _ _) ret = do
609+ let (f, argss) = unfoldApplication app
610+ ft <- infer f
611+ checkFunctionApplications ft argss ret
612+check' v@(Var var@(Qualified mp name)) ty = do
613+ ty1 <- lookupVariable var
614+ repl <- replaceAllTypeSynonyms ty1
615+ repl `subsumes` ty
616+check' (TypedValue val ty1) ty2 = do
617+ kind <- liftCheck $ kindOf ty1
618+ guardWith ("Expected type of kind *, was " ++ prettyPrintKind kind) $ kind == Star
619+ ty1 `subsumes` ty2
620+ check val ty1
621+check' (Case val binders) ret = do
622+ t1 <- infer val
623+ checkBinders t1 ret binders
624+check' (IfThenElse cond th el) ty = do
625+ check cond Boolean
626+ check th ty
627+ check el ty
628+check' (ObjectLiteral ps) (Object row) = do
629+ ensureNoDuplicateProperties ps
630+ checkProperties ps row False
631+check' (ObjectUpdate obj ps) (Object row) = do
632+ ensureNoDuplicateProperties ps
633+ us <- zip (map fst ps) <$> replicateM (length ps) fresh
634+ let (propsToCheck, rest) = rowToList row
635+ propsToRemove = map fst ps
636+ remainingProps = filter (\(p, _) -> p `notElem` propsToRemove) propsToCheck
637+ check obj (Object (rowFromList (us ++ remainingProps, rest)))
638+ checkProperties ps row True
639+check' (Accessor prop val) ty = do
640+ rest <- fresh
641+ check val (Object (RCons prop ty rest))
642+check' (Block ss) ret = do
643+ (allCodePathsReturn, _) <- checkBlock M.empty ret ss
644+ guardWith "Block is missing a return statement" allCodePathsReturn
645+check' (Constructor c) ty = do
646+ env <- getEnv
647+ modulePath <- checkModulePath <$> get
648+ case M.lookup (qualify modulePath c) (dataConstructors env) of
649+ Nothing -> throwError $ "Constructor " ++ show c ++ " is undefined"
650+ Just ty1 -> do
651+ repl <- replaceAllTypeSynonyms ty1
652+ repl `subsumes` ty
653+check' val (SaturatedTypeSynonym name args) = do
654+ ty <- expandTypeSynonym name args
655+ check val ty
656+check' val ty = throwError $ prettyPrintValue val ++ " does not have type " ++ prettyPrintType ty
657+
658+checkProperties :: [(String, Value)] -> Row -> Bool -> Subst ()
659+checkProperties ps row lax = let (ts, r') = rowToList row in go ps ts r' where
660+ go [] [] REmpty = return ()
661+ go [] [] u@(RUnknown _) = u ~~ REmpty
662+ go [] [] (RSkolem _) | lax = return ()
663+ go [] ((p, _): _) _ | lax = return ()
664+ | otherwise = throwError $ prettyPrintValue (ObjectLiteral ps) ++ " does not have property " ++ p
665+ go ((p,_):_) [] REmpty = throwError $ "Property " ++ p ++ " is not present in closed object type " ++ prettyPrintRow row
666+ go ((p,v):ps) [] u@(RUnknown _) = do
667+ ty <- infer v
668+ rest <- fresh
669+ u ~~ RCons p ty rest
670+ go ps [] rest
671+ go ((p,v):ps) ts r =
672+ case lookup p ts of
673+ Nothing -> do
674+ ty <- infer v
675+ rest <- fresh
676+ r ~~ RCons p ty rest
677+ go ps ts rest
678+ Just ty -> do
679+ check v ty
680+ go ps (delete (p, ty) ts) r
681+ go _ _ _ = throwError $ prettyPrintValue (ObjectLiteral ps) ++ " does not have type " ++ prettyPrintType (Object row)
682+
683+unfoldApplication :: Value -> (Value, [[Value]])
684+unfoldApplication = go []
685+ where
686+ go argss (App f args) = go (args:argss) f
687+ go argss f = (f, argss)
688+
689+checkFunctionApplications :: Type -> [[Value]] -> Type -> Subst ()
690+checkFunctionApplications _ [] _ = error "Nullary function application"
691+checkFunctionApplications fnTy [args] ret = checkFunctionApplication fnTy args ret
692+checkFunctionApplications fnTy (args:argss) ret = do
693+ argTys <- mapM (infer) args
694+ f <- inferFunctionApplication fnTy argTys
695+ checkFunctionApplications f argss ret
696+
697+checkFunctionApplication :: Type -> [Value] -> Type -> Subst ()
698+checkFunctionApplication fnTy args ret = rethrow errorMessage $ checkFunctionApplication' fnTy args ret
699+ where
700+ errorMessage msg = "Error applying function of type "
701+ ++ prettyPrintType fnTy
702+ ++ " to arguments " ++ intercalate ", " (map prettyPrintValue args)
703+ ++ ", expecting value of type "
704+ ++ prettyPrintType ret ++ ":\n" ++ msg
705+
706+inferFunctionApplication :: Type -> [Type] -> Subst Type
707+inferFunctionApplication (Function argTys retTy) args = do
708+ guardWith "Incorrect number of function arguments" (length args == length argTys)
709+ zipWithM subsumes args argTys
710+ return retTy
711+inferFunctionApplication (ForAll ident ty) args = do
712+ replaced <- replaceVarWithUnknown ident ty
713+ inferFunctionApplication replaced args
714+inferFunctionApplication u@(TUnknown _) args = do
715+ ret <- fresh
716+ args' <- mapM replaceAllVarsWithUnknowns args
717+ u ~~ Function args' ret
718+ return ret
719+inferFunctionApplication (SaturatedTypeSynonym name tyArgs) args = do
720+ ty <- expandTypeSynonym name tyArgs
721+ inferFunctionApplication ty args
722+inferFunctionApplication fnTy args = throwError $ "Cannot apply function of type "
723+ ++ prettyPrintType fnTy
724+ ++ " to argument(s) of type(s) " ++ intercalate ", " (map prettyPrintType args)
725+
726+checkFunctionApplication' :: Type -> [Value] -> Type -> Subst ()
727+checkFunctionApplication' (Function argTys retTy) args ret = do
728+ guardWith "Incorrect number of function arguments" (length args == length argTys)
729+ zipWithM (check) args argTys
730+ retTy `subsumes` ret
731+checkFunctionApplication' (ForAll ident ty) args ret = do
732+ replaced <- replaceVarWithUnknown ident ty
733+ checkFunctionApplication replaced args ret
734+checkFunctionApplication' u@(TUnknown _) args ret = do
735+ tyArgs <- mapM (\arg -> infer arg >>= replaceAllVarsWithUnknowns) args
736+ u ~~ Function tyArgs ret
737+checkFunctionApplication' (SaturatedTypeSynonym name tyArgs) args ret = do
738+ ty <- expandTypeSynonym name tyArgs
739+ checkFunctionApplication' ty args ret
740+checkFunctionApplication' fnTy args ret = throwError $ "Applying a function of type "
741+ ++ prettyPrintType fnTy
742+ ++ " to argument(s) " ++ intercalate ", " (map prettyPrintValue args)
743+ ++ " does not yield a value of type " ++ prettyPrintType ret ++ "."
744+
745+subsumes :: Type -> Type -> Subst ()
746+subsumes (ForAll ident ty1) ty2 = do
747+ replaced <- replaceVarWithUnknown ident ty1
748+ replaced `subsumes` ty2
749+subsumes (Function args1 ret1) (Function args2 ret2) = do
750+ zipWithM subsumes args2 args1
751+ ret1 `subsumes` ret2
752+subsumes ty1 ty2 = ty1 ~~ ty2
753+