#include "mold.h" #include "llvm/BinaryFormat/Magic.h" #include "llvm/Option/ArgList.h" #include "llvm/Support/FileOutputBuffer.h" #include "llvm/Support/FileSystem.h" #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include using namespace llvm; using namespace llvm::ELF; using namespace llvm::sys; using llvm::object::Archive; using llvm::opt::InputArgList; class MyTimer { public: MyTimer(StringRef name) { timer = new Timer(name, name); timer->startTimer(); } MyTimer(StringRef name, llvm::TimerGroup &tg) { timer = new Timer(name, name, tg); timer->startTimer(); } ~MyTimer() { timer->stopTimer(); } private: llvm::Timer *timer; }; llvm::TimerGroup parse_timer("parse", "parse"); llvm::TimerGroup before_copy_timer("before_copy", "before_copy"); llvm::TimerGroup copy_timer("copy", "copy"); // // Command-line option processing // enum { OPT_INVALID = 0, #define OPTION(_1, _2, ID, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9, _10, _11, _12) OPT_##ID, #include "options.inc" #undef OPTION }; // Create prefix string literals used in Options.td #define PREFIX(NAME, VALUE) const char *const NAME[] = VALUE; #include "options.inc" #undef PREFIX // Create table mapping all options defined in Options.td static const llvm::opt::OptTable::Info opt_info[] = { #define OPTION(X1, X2, ID, KIND, GROUP, ALIAS, X7, X8, X9, X10, X11, X12) \ {X1, X2, X10, X11, OPT_##ID, llvm::opt::Option::KIND##Class, \ X9, X8, OPT_##GROUP, OPT_##ALIAS, X7, X12}, #include "options.inc" #undef OPTION }; class MyOptTable : llvm::opt::OptTable { public: MyOptTable() : OptTable(opt_info) {} InputArgList parse(int argc, char **argv); }; InputArgList MyOptTable::parse(int argc, char **argv) { unsigned missing_index = 0; unsigned missing_count = 0; SmallVector vec(argv, argv + argc); InputArgList args = this->ParseArgs(vec, missing_index, missing_count); if (missing_count) error(Twine(args.getArgString(missing_index)) + ": missing argument"); for (auto *arg : args.filtered(OPT_UNKNOWN)) error("unknown argument '" + arg->getAsString(args) + "'"); return args; } // // Main // static std::vector get_archive_members(MemoryBufferRef mb) { std::unique_ptr file = CHECK(Archive::create(mb), mb.getBufferIdentifier() + ": failed to parse archive"); std::vector vec; Error err = Error::success(); for (const Archive::Child &c : file->children(err)) { MemoryBufferRef mbref = CHECK(c.getMemoryBufferRef(), mb.getBufferIdentifier() + ": could not get the buffer for a child of the archive"); vec.push_back(mbref); } if (err) error(mb.getBufferIdentifier() + ": Archive::children failed: " + toString(std::move(err))); file.release(); // leak return vec; } void read_file(StringRef path) { path = *new std::string(path); int fd = open(path.str().c_str(), O_RDONLY); if (fd == -1) error("cannot open " + path); struct stat st; if (fstat(fd, &st) == -1) error(path + ": stat failed"); void *addr = mmap(nullptr, st.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0); if (addr == MAP_FAILED) error(path + ": mmap failed: " + strerror(errno)); close(fd); auto &mb = *new MemoryBufferRef(StringRef((char *)addr, st.st_size), path); switch (identify_magic(mb.getBuffer())) { case file_magic::archive: for (MemoryBufferRef member : get_archive_members(mb)) out::files.push_back(new ObjectFile(member, path)); break; case file_magic::elf_relocatable: case file_magic::elf_shared_object: out::files.push_back(new ObjectFile(mb, "")); break; case file_magic::unknown: parse_linker_script(mb.getBufferIdentifier(), mb.getBuffer()); break; default: error(path + ": unknown file type"); } } template static std::vector> split(const std::vector &input, int unit) { ArrayRef arr(input); std::vector> vec; while (arr.size() >= unit) { vec.push_back(arr.slice(0, unit)); arr = arr.slice(unit); } if (!arr.empty()) vec.push_back(arr); return vec; } static void resolve_symbols() { MyTimer t("resolve_symbols", before_copy_timer); // Register defined symbols tbb::parallel_for_each(out::files, [](ObjectFile *file) { file->resolve_symbols(); }); // Mark archive members we include into the final output. std::vector root; for (ObjectFile *file : out::files) if (file->is_alive && !file->is_dso) root.push_back(file); tbb::parallel_do( root, [&](ObjectFile *file, tbb::parallel_do_feeder &feeder) { file->mark_live_archive_members(feeder); }); // Eliminate unused archive members. out::files.erase(std::remove_if(out::files.begin(), out::files.end(), [](ObjectFile *file){ return !file->is_alive; }), out::files.end()); } static void eliminate_comdats() { MyTimer t("comdat", before_copy_timer); tbb::parallel_for_each(out::files, [](ObjectFile *file) { file->resolve_comdat_groups(); }); tbb::parallel_for_each(out::files, [](ObjectFile *file) { file->eliminate_duplicate_comdat_groups(); }); } static void handle_mergeable_strings() { MyTimer t("resolve_strings", before_copy_timer); // Resolve mergeable string pieces tbb::parallel_for_each(out::files, [](ObjectFile *file) { for (MergeableSection &isec : file->mergeable_sections) { for (StringPieceRef &ref : isec.pieces) { MergeableSection *cur = ref.piece->isec; while (!cur || cur->file->priority > isec.file->priority) if (ref.piece->isec.compare_exchange_strong(cur, &isec)) break; } } }); // Calculate the total bytes of mergeable strings for each input section. tbb::parallel_for_each(out::files, [](ObjectFile *file) { for (MergeableSection &isec : file->mergeable_sections) { u32 offset = 0; for (StringPieceRef &ref : isec.pieces) { StringPiece &piece = *ref.piece; if (piece.isec == &isec && piece.output_offset == -1) { ref.piece->output_offset = offset; offset += ref.piece->data.size(); } } isec.size = offset; } }); // Assign each mergeable input section a unique index. for (ObjectFile *file : out::files) { for (MergeableSection &isec : file->mergeable_sections) { MergedSection &osec = isec.parent; isec.offset = osec.shdr.sh_size; osec.shdr.sh_size += isec.size; } } static Counter counter("merged_strings"); for (MergedSection *osec : MergedSection::instances) counter.inc(osec->map.size()); } // So far, each input section has a pointer to its corresponding // output section, but there's no reverse edge to get a list of // input sections from an output section. This function creates it. // // An output section may contain millions of input sections. // So, we append input sections to output sections in parallel. static void bin_sections() { MyTimer t("bin_sections", before_copy_timer); int unit = (out::files.size() + 127) / 128; std::vector> slices = split(out::files, unit); int num_osec = OutputSection::instances.size(); std::vector>> groups(slices.size()); for (int i = 0; i < groups.size(); i++) groups[i].resize(num_osec); tbb::parallel_for(0, (int)slices.size(), [&](int i) { for (ObjectFile *file : slices[i]) { for (InputSection *isec : file->sections) { if (!isec) continue; OutputSection *osec = isec->output_section; groups[i][osec->idx].push_back(isec); } } }); std::vector sizes(num_osec); for (ArrayRef> group : groups) for (int i = 0; i < group.size(); i++) sizes[i] += group[i].size(); tbb::parallel_for(0, num_osec, [&](int j) { OutputSection::instances[j]->members.reserve(sizes[j]); for (int i = 0; i < groups.size(); i++) { std::vector §ions = OutputSection::instances[j]->members; sections.insert(sections.end(), groups[i][j].begin(), groups[i][j].end()); } }); } static void set_isec_offsets() { MyTimer t("isec_offsets", before_copy_timer); tbb::parallel_for_each(OutputSection::instances, [&](OutputSection *osec) { if (osec->members.empty()) return; std::vector> slices = split(osec->members, 100000); std::vector size(slices.size()); std::vector alignments(slices.size()); tbb::parallel_for(0, (int)slices.size(), [&](int i) { u64 off = 0; u32 align = 1; for (InputChunk *isec : slices[i]) { off = align_to(off, isec->shdr.sh_addralign); isec->offset = off; off += isec->shdr.sh_size; align = std::max(align, isec->shdr.sh_addralign); } size[i] = off; alignments[i] = align; }); u32 align = *std::max_element(alignments.begin(), alignments.end()); std::vector start(slices.size()); for (int i = 1; i < slices.size(); i++) start[i] = align_to(start[i - 1] + size[i - 1], align); tbb::parallel_for(1, (int)slices.size(), [&](int i) { for (InputChunk *isec : slices[i]) isec->offset += start[i]; }); osec->shdr.sh_size = start.back() + size.back(); osec->shdr.sh_addralign = align; }); } static void scan_rels() { MyTimer t("scan_rels", before_copy_timer); tbb::parallel_for_each(out::files, [&](ObjectFile *file) { for (InputSection *isec : file->sections) if (isec) isec->scan_relocations(); }); std::vector> vec(out::files.size()); tbb::parallel_for(0, (int)out::files.size(), [&](int i) { ObjectFile *file = out::files[i]; for (Symbol *sym : file->symbols) if (sym->file == file && sym->flags) vec[i].push_back(sym); }); out::dynsyms = flatten(vec); for (Symbol *sym : out::dynsyms) { if (sym->flags & Symbol::NEEDS_GOT) out::got->add_symbol(sym); if (sym->flags & Symbol::NEEDS_PLT) out::plt->add_symbol(sym); if (sym->flags & Symbol::NEEDS_GOTTPOFF) out::got->add_gottp_symbol(sym); if ((sym->flags & Symbol::NEEDS_TLSGD) || (sym->flags & Symbol::NEEDS_TLSLD)) error("not implemented"); } } static void write_merged_strings() { MyTimer t("write_merged_strings", copy_timer); tbb::parallel_for_each(out::files, [&](ObjectFile *file) { for (MergeableSection &isec : file->mergeable_sections) { u8 *base = out::buf + isec.parent.shdr.sh_offset + isec.offset; for (StringPieceRef &ref : isec.pieces) { StringPiece &piece = *ref.piece; if (piece.isec == &isec) memcpy(base + piece.output_offset, piece.data.data(), piece.data.size()); } } }); } static void clear_padding(u64 filesize) { MyTimer t("clear_padding", copy_timer); auto zero = [&](OutputChunk *chunk, u64 next_start) { u64 pos = chunk->shdr.sh_offset; if (chunk->shdr.sh_type != SHT_NOBITS) pos += chunk->shdr.sh_size; memset(out::buf + pos, 0, next_start - pos); }; for (int i = 1; i < out::chunks.size(); i++) zero(out::chunks[i - 1], out::chunks[i]->shdr.sh_offset); zero(out::chunks.back(), filesize); } // We want to sort output sections in the following order. // // alloc readonly data // alloc readonly code // alloc writable tdata // alloc writable tbss // alloc writable data // alloc writable bss // nonalloc static int get_section_rank(const ELF64LE::Shdr &shdr) { bool alloc = shdr.sh_flags & SHF_ALLOC; bool writable = shdr.sh_flags & SHF_WRITE; bool exec = shdr.sh_flags & SHF_EXECINSTR; bool tls = shdr.sh_flags & SHF_TLS; bool nobits = shdr.sh_type == SHT_NOBITS; return (!alloc << 5) | (writable << 4) | (exec << 3) | (!tls << 2) | nobits; } static u64 set_osec_offsets(ArrayRef chunks) { MyTimer t("osec_offset", before_copy_timer); u64 fileoff = 0; u64 vaddr = config.image_base; for (OutputChunk *chunk : chunks) { if (chunk->starts_new_ptload) vaddr = align_to(vaddr, PAGE_SIZE); bool is_bss = chunk->shdr.sh_type == SHT_NOBITS; if (!is_bss) { if (vaddr % PAGE_SIZE > fileoff % PAGE_SIZE) fileoff += vaddr % PAGE_SIZE - fileoff % PAGE_SIZE; else if (vaddr % PAGE_SIZE < fileoff % PAGE_SIZE) fileoff = align_to(fileoff, PAGE_SIZE) + vaddr % PAGE_SIZE; } fileoff = align_to(fileoff, chunk->shdr.sh_addralign); vaddr = align_to(vaddr, chunk->shdr.sh_addralign); chunk->shdr.sh_offset = fileoff; if (chunk->shdr.sh_flags & SHF_ALLOC) chunk->shdr.sh_addr = vaddr; if (!is_bss) fileoff += chunk->shdr.sh_size; bool is_tbss = is_bss && (chunk->shdr.sh_flags & SHF_TLS); if (!is_tbss) vaddr += chunk->shdr.sh_size; } return fileoff; } static void fix_synthetic_symbols(ArrayRef chunks) { auto start = [&](OutputChunk *chunk, Symbol *sym) { if (sym) { sym->shndx = chunk->shndx; sym->value = chunk->shdr.sh_addr; } }; auto stop = [&](OutputChunk *chunk, Symbol *sym) { if (sym) { sym->shndx = chunk->shndx; sym->value = chunk->shdr.sh_addr + chunk->shdr.sh_size; } }; // __bss_start for (OutputChunk *chunk : chunks) { if (chunk->kind == OutputChunk::REGULAR && chunk->name == ".bss") { start(chunk, out::__bss_start); break; } } // __ehdr_start for (OutputChunk *chunk : chunks) { if (chunk->shndx == 1) { out::__ehdr_start->shndx = 1; out::__ehdr_start->value = out::ehdr->shdr.sh_addr; break; } } // __rela_iplt_start and __rela_iplt_end start(out::relplt, out::__rela_iplt_start); stop(out::relplt, out::__rela_iplt_end); // __{init,fini}_array_{start,end} for (OutputChunk *chunk : chunks) { switch (chunk->shdr.sh_type) { case SHT_INIT_ARRAY: start(chunk, out::__init_array_start); stop(chunk, out::__init_array_end); break; case SHT_FINI_ARRAY: start(chunk, out::__fini_array_start); stop(chunk, out::__fini_array_end); break; } } // _end, end, _etext, etext, _edata and edata for (OutputChunk *chunk : chunks) { if (chunk->kind == OutputChunk::HEADER) continue; if (chunk->shdr.sh_flags & SHF_ALLOC) stop(chunk, out::_end); if (chunk->shdr.sh_flags & SHF_EXECINSTR) stop(chunk, out::_etext); if (chunk->shdr.sh_type != SHT_NOBITS && chunk->shdr.sh_flags & SHF_ALLOC) stop(chunk, out::_edata); } // _DYNAMIC if (out::dynamic) start(out::dynamic, out::_DYNAMIC); // _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_ if (out::gotplt) start(out::gotplt, out::_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_); // __start_ and __stop_ symbols for (OutputChunk *chunk : chunks) { if (is_c_identifier(chunk->name)) { start(chunk, Symbol::intern(("__start_" + chunk->name).str())); stop(chunk, Symbol::intern(("__stop_" + chunk->name).str())); } } } static u8 *open_output_file(u64 filesize) { MyTimer t("open_file", before_copy_timer); int fd = open(config.output.str().c_str(), O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0777); if (fd == -1) error("cannot open " + config.output + ": " + strerror(errno)); if (ftruncate(fd, filesize)) error("ftruncate failed"); void *buf = mmap(nullptr, filesize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0); if (buf == MAP_FAILED) error(config.output + ": mmap failed: " + strerror(errno)); close(fd); if (config.filler != -1) memset(buf, config.filler, filesize); return (u8 *)buf; } static int get_thread_count(InputArgList &args) { if (auto *arg = args.getLastArg(OPT_thread_count)) { int n; if (!llvm::to_integer(arg->getValue(), n) || n <= 0) error(arg->getSpelling() + ": expected a positive integer, but got '" + arg->getValue() + "'"); return n; } return tbb::global_control::active_value(tbb::global_control::max_allowed_parallelism); } std::vector get_args(opt::InputArgList &args, int id) { std::vector vec; for (auto *arg : args.filtered(id)) vec.push_back(arg->getValue()); return vec; } static int parse_filler(opt::InputArgList &args) { auto *arg = args.getLastArg(OPT_filler); if (!arg) return -1; StringRef val = arg->getValue(); if (!val.startswith("0x")) error("invalid argument: " + arg->getAsString(args)); int ret; if (!to_integer(val.substr(2), ret, 16)) error("invalid argument: " + arg->getAsString(args)); return (u8)ret; } std::string find_library(StringRef name) { for (StringRef dir : config.library_paths) { if (!config.is_static) if (std::string path = (dir + "/lib" + name + ".so").str(); fs::exists(path)) return path; if (std::string path = (dir + "/lib" + name + ".a").str(); fs::exists(path)) return path; } error("library not found: " + name); } int main(int argc, char **argv) { // Parse command line options MyOptTable opt_table; InputArgList args = opt_table.parse(argc - 1, argv + 1); tbb::global_control tbb_cont(tbb::global_control::max_allowed_parallelism, get_thread_count(args)); Counter::enabled = args.hasArg(OPT_stat); if (auto *arg = args.getLastArg(OPT_o)) config.output = arg->getValue(); else error("-o option is missing"); config.print_map = args.hasArg(OPT_print_map); config.is_static = args.hasArg(OPT_static); config.filler = parse_filler(args); config.library_paths = get_args(args, OPT_library_path); for (auto *arg : args.filtered(OPT_trace_symbol)) Symbol::intern(arg->getValue())->traced = true; // Open input files { MyTimer t("open", parse_timer); for (auto *arg : args) { switch (arg->getOption().getID()) { case OPT_INPUT: read_file(arg->getValue()); break; case OPT_library: read_file(find_library(arg->getValue())); break; } } } // Parse input files { MyTimer t("parse", parse_timer); tbb::parallel_for_each(out::files, [](ObjectFile *file) { file->parse(); }); } // Uniquify shared object files with soname { llvm::StringSet<> seen; for (auto it = out::files.begin(); it != out::files.end();) { StringRef soname = (*it)->soname; if (!soname.empty() && !seen.insert(soname).second) out::files.erase(it); else it++; } } // Parse mergeable string sections { MyTimer t("merge", parse_timer); tbb::parallel_for_each(out::files, [](ObjectFile *file) { file->initialize_mergeable_sections(); }); } Timer total_timer("total", "total"); total_timer.startTimer(); out::ehdr = new OutputEhdr; out::shdr = new OutputShdr; out::phdr = new OutputPhdr; out::got = new GotSection; out::gotplt = new GotPltSection; out::relplt = new RelPltSection; out::strtab = new StrtabSection; out::shstrtab = new ShstrtabSection; out::plt = new PltSection; out::symtab = new SymtabSection; out::dynsym = new DynsymSection; out::dynstr = new DynstrSection; if (!config.is_static) { out::interp = new InterpSection; out::dynamic = new DynamicSection; out::reldyn = new RelDynSection; out::hash = new HashSection; } out::chunks.push_back(out::got); out::chunks.push_back(out::plt); out::chunks.push_back(out::gotplt); out::chunks.push_back(out::relplt); out::chunks.push_back(out::reldyn); out::chunks.push_back(out::dynamic); out::chunks.push_back(out::dynsym); out::chunks.push_back(out::dynstr); out::chunks.push_back(out::shstrtab); out::chunks.push_back(out::symtab); out::chunks.push_back(out::strtab); out::chunks.push_back(out::hash); // Set priorities to files int priority = 1; for (ObjectFile *file : out::files) if (!file->is_in_archive) file->priority = priority++; for (ObjectFile *file : out::files) if (file->is_in_archive) file->priority = priority++; // Resolve symbols and fix the set of object files that are // included to the final output. resolve_symbols(); if (args.hasArg(OPT_trace)) for (ObjectFile *file : out::files) message(toString(file)); // Remove redundant comdat sections (e.g. duplicate inline functions). eliminate_comdats(); // Merge strings constants in SHF_MERGE sections. handle_mergeable_strings(); // Create .bss sections for common symbols. { MyTimer t("common", before_copy_timer); tbb::parallel_for_each(out::files, [](ObjectFile *file) { file->convert_common_symbols(); }); } // Bin input sections into output sections bin_sections(); // Assign offsets within an output section to input sections. set_isec_offsets(); // Sections are added to the section lists in an arbitrary order because // they are created in parallel. Sor them to to make the output deterministic. auto section_compare = [](OutputChunk *x, OutputChunk *y) { return std::make_tuple(x->name, (u32)x->shdr.sh_type, (u64)x->shdr.sh_flags) < std::make_tuple(y->name, (u32)y->shdr.sh_type, (u64)y->shdr.sh_flags); }; std::stable_sort(OutputSection::instances.begin(), OutputSection::instances.end(), section_compare); std::stable_sort(MergedSection::instances.begin(), MergedSection::instances.end(), section_compare); // Add sections to the section lists for (OutputSection *osec : OutputSection::instances) if (osec->shdr.sh_size) out::chunks.push_back(osec); for (MergedSection *osec : MergedSection::instances) if (osec->shdr.sh_size) out::chunks.push_back(osec); out::chunks.erase(std::remove_if(out::chunks.begin(), out::chunks.end(), [](OutputChunk *c) { return !c; }), out::chunks.end()); // Sort the sections by section flags so that we'll have to create // as few segments as possible. std::stable_sort(out::chunks.begin(), out::chunks.end(), [](OutputChunk *a, OutputChunk *b) { return get_section_rank(a->shdr) < get_section_rank(b->shdr); }); // Create a dummy file containing linker-synthesized symbols // (e.g. `__bss_start`). ObjectFile *internal_file = ObjectFile::create_internal_file(); internal_file->priority = priority++; internal_file->resolve_symbols(); out::files.push_back(internal_file); // Convert weak symbols to absolute symbols with value 0. tbb::parallel_for_each(out::files, [](ObjectFile *file) { file->handle_undefined_weak_symbols(); }); // Beyond this point, no new symbols will be added to the result. // Copy shared object name strings to .dynsym for (ObjectFile *file : out::files) if (file->is_alive && file->is_dso) out::dynstr->add_string(file->soname); // Add headers and sections that have to be at the beginning // or the ending of a file. out::chunks.insert(out::chunks.begin(), out::ehdr); out::chunks.insert(out::chunks.begin() + 1, out::phdr); if (out::interp) out::chunks.insert(out::chunks.begin() + 2, out::interp); out::chunks.push_back(out::shdr); // Set section indices. for (int i = 0, shndx = 1; i < out::chunks.size(); i++) if (out::chunks[i]->kind != OutputChunk::HEADER) out::chunks[i]->shndx = shndx++; // Scan relocations to fix the sizes of .got, .plt, .got.plt, .dynstr, // .rela.dyn, .rela.plt. scan_rels(); // Now that we have computed sizes for all sections and assigned // section indices to them, so we can fix section header contents // for all output sections. for (OutputChunk *chunk : out::chunks) chunk->update_shdr(); // Assign offsets to output sections u64 filesize = set_osec_offsets(out::chunks); // Fix linker-synthesized symbol addresses. fix_synthetic_symbols(out::chunks); // At this point, file layout is fixed. Beyond this, you can assume // that symbol addresses including their GOT/PLT/etc addresses have // a correct final value. // Some types of relocations for TLS symbols need the ending address // of the TLS section. Find it out now. for (OutputChunk *chunk : out::chunks) { ELF64LE::Shdr &shdr = chunk->shdr; if (shdr.sh_flags & SHF_TLS) out::tls_end = align_to(shdr.sh_addr + shdr.sh_size, shdr.sh_addralign); } // Create an output file out::buf = open_output_file(filesize); // Copy input sections to the output file { MyTimer t("copy", copy_timer); tbb::parallel_for_each(out::chunks, [&](OutputChunk *chunk) { chunk->initialize_buf(); }); tbb::parallel_for_each(out::chunks, [&](OutputChunk *chunk) { chunk->copy_buf(); }); } // Fill mergeable string sections write_merged_strings(); // Zero-clear paddings between sections clear_padding(filesize); // Commit { MyTimer t("munmap", copy_timer); munmap(out::buf, filesize); } total_timer.stopTimer(); if (config.print_map) { MyTimer t("print_map"); print_map(out::files, out::chunks); } #if 0 for (ObjectFile *file : out::files) for (InputSection *isec : file->sections) if (isec) message(toString(isec)); #endif // Show stat numbers Counter num_input_sections("input_sections"); for (ObjectFile *file : out::files) num_input_sections.inc(file->sections.size()); Counter num_output_chunks("output_out::chunks", out::chunks.size()); Counter num_files("files", out::files.size()); Counter filesize_counter("filesize", filesize); Counter::print(); llvm::TimerGroup::printAll(llvm::outs()); llvm::outs().flush(); _exit(0); }