44c3f8ad2d
This crate provides a transformation to turn exported functions that use a
return pointer into exported functions that use multi-value.
Consider the following function:
```rust
pub extern "C" fn pair(a: u32, b: u32) -> [u32; 2] {
[a, b]
}
```
LLVM will by default compile this down into the following Wasm:
```wasm
(func $pair (param i32 i32 i32)
local.get 0
local.get 2
i32.store offset=4
local.get 0
local.get 1
i32.store)
```
What's happening here is that the function is not directly returning the
pair at all, but instead the first `i32` parameter is a pointer to some
scratch space, and the return value is written into the scratch space. LLVM
does this because it doesn't yet have support for multi-value Wasm, and so
it only knows how to return a single value at a time.
Ideally, with multi-value, what we would like instead is this:
```wasm
(func $pair (param i32 i32) (result i32 i32)
local.get 0
local.get 1)
```
However, that's not what this transformation does at the moment. This
transformation is a little simpler than mutating existing functions to
produce a multi-value result, instead it introduces new functions that wrap
the original function and translate the return pointer to multi-value
results in this wrapper function.
With our running example, we end up with this:
```wasm
;; The original function.
(func $pair (param i32 i32 i32)
local.get 0
local.get 2
i32.store offset=4
local.get 0
local.get 1
i32.store)
(func $pairWrapper (param i32 i32) (result i32 i32)
;; Our return pointer that points to the scratch space we are allocating
;; on the shadow stack for calling `$pair`.
(local i32)
;; Allocate space on the shadow stack for the result.
global.get $shadowStackPointer
i32.const 8
i32.sub
local.tee 2
global.set $shadowStackPointer
;; Call `$pair` with our allocated shadow stack space for its results.
local.get 2
local.get 0
local.get 1
call $pair
;; Copy the return values from the shadow stack to the wasm stack.
local.get 2
i32.load
local.get 2 offset=4
i32.load
;; Finally, restore the shadow stack pointer.
local.get 2
i32.const 8
i32.add
global.set $shadowStackPointer)
```
This `$pairWrapper` function is what we actually end up exporting instead of
`$pair`.
|
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|---|---|---|
| .cargo | ||
| benchmarks | ||
| ci | ||
| crates | ||
| examples | ||
| guide | ||
| releases | ||
| src | ||
| tests | ||
| _package.json | ||
| .gitattributes | ||
| .gitignore | ||
| azure-pipelines.yml | ||
| build.rs | ||
| Cargo.toml | ||
| CHANGELOG.md | ||
| CONTRIBUTING.md | ||
| LICENSE-APACHE | ||
| LICENSE-MIT | ||
| publish.rs | ||
| README.md | ||
wasm-bindgen
Facilitating high-level interactions between Wasm modules and JavaScript.
Guide | API Docs | Contributing | Chat
Built with 🦀🕸 by The Rust and WebAssembly Working Group
Example
Import JavaScript things into Rust and export Rust things to JavaScript.
use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
// Import the `window.alert` function from the Web.
#[wasm_bindgen]
extern "C" {
fn alert(s: &str);
}
// Export a `greet` function from Rust to JavaScript, that alerts a
// hello message.
#[wasm_bindgen]
pub fn greet(name: &str) {
alert(&format!("Hello, {}!", name));
}
Use exported Rust things from JavaScript with ECMAScript modules!
import { greet } from "./hello_world";
greet("World!");
Features
-
Lightweight. Only pay for what you use.
wasm-bindgenonly generates bindings and glue for the JavaScript imports you actually use and Rust functionality that you export. For example, importing and using thedocument.querySelectormethod doesn't causeNode.prototype.appendChildorwindow.alertto be included in the bindings as well. -
ECMAScript modules. Just import WebAssembly modules the same way you would import JavaScript modules. Future compatible with WebAssembly modules and ECMAScript modules integration.
-
Designed with the "Web IDL bindings" proposal in mind. Eventually, there won't be any JavaScript shims between Rust-generated wasm functions and native DOM methods. Because the wasm functions are statically type checked, some of those native methods' dynamic type checks should become unnecessary, promising to unlock even-faster-than-JavaScript DOM access.
Guide
📚 Read the wasm-bindgen guide here! 📚
You can find general documentation about using Rust and WebAssembly together here.
API Docs
License
This project is licensed under either of
- Apache License, Version 2.0, (LICENSE-APACHE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
- MIT license (LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
at your option.
Contribution
See the "Contributing" section of the guide for information on
hacking on wasm-bindgen!
Unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in this project by you, as defined in the Apache-2.0 license, shall be dual licensed as above, without any additional terms or conditions.