reform pdf output & mmorph

.gitignore

@@ -11,3 +11,4 @@ includes
 *.epub
 *.agdai
 .stack-work
+tutorial.pdf

Makefile

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ PANDOC = pandoc
 IFORMAT = markdown
 FLAGS = --standalone --toc --toc-depth=2 --highlight-style pygments
 TEMPLATE = resources/page.tmpl
+LTEMPLATE = resources/page.latex
 STYLE = css/style.css
 
 HTML = tutorial.html
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ includes: includes.hs
 	./includes < $< | $(PANDOC) -f $(IFORMAT) -t epub $(FLAGS) -o $@
 
 %.pdf: %.md includes
-	./includes < $< | $(PANDOC) -c -s -f $(IFORMAT) --latex-engine=xelatex $(FLAGS) -o $@
+	./includes < $< | $(PANDOC) -c -s -f $(IFORMAT) --template $(LTEMPLATE) --latex-engine=xelatex $(FLAGS) -o $@
 
 clean:
 	-rm $(CHAPTERS) $(HTML)

README.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Real Online:
 * [**HTML**](http://dev.stephendiehl.com/hask/)
 * [**Example Code**](https://github.com/sdiehl/wiwinwlh/tree/master/src)
 
-Examples:
+Chapter Code Examples:
 
 * [01-basics/            ](https://github.com/sdiehl/wiwinwlh/tree/master/src/01-basics/)
 * [02-monads/            ](https://github.com/sdiehl/wiwinwlh/tree/master/src/02-monads/)

resources/page.latex

@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+\documentclass[$if(fontsize)$$fontsize$,$endif$$if(lang)$$babel-lang$,$endif$$if(papersize)$$papersize$paper,$endif$$for(classoption)$$classoption$$sep$,$endfor$]{$documentclass$}
+$if(fontfamily)$
+\usepackage[$for(fontfamilyoptions)$$fontfamilyoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{$fontfamily$}
+$else$
+\usepackage{lmodern}
+$endif$
+$if(linestretch)$
+\usepackage{setspace}
+\setstretch{$linestretch$}
+$endif$
+\usepackage{amssymb,amsmath}
+\usepackage{ifxetex,ifluatex}
+\usepackage{fixltx2e} % provides \textsubscript
+\ifnum 0\ifxetex 1\fi\ifluatex 1\fi=0 % if pdftex
+  \usepackage[$if(fontenc)$$fontenc$$else$T1$endif$]{fontenc}
+  \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+$if(euro)$
+  \usepackage{eurosym}
+$endif$
+\else % if luatex or xelatex
+  \ifxetex
+    \usepackage{mathspec}
+  \else
+    \usepackage{fontspec}
+  \fi
+  \defaultfontfeatures{Ligatures=TeX,Scale=MatchLowercase}
+$if(euro)$
+  \newcommand{\euro}{€}
+$endif$
+$if(mainfont)$
+    \setmainfont[$for(mainfontoptions)$$mainfontoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{$mainfont$}
+$endif$
+$if(sansfont)$
+    \setsansfont[$for(sansfontoptions)$$sansfontoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{$sansfont$}
+$endif$
+$if(monofont)$
+    \setmonofont[Mapping=tex-ansi$if(monofontoptions)$,$for(monofontoptions)$$monofontoptions$$sep$,$endfor$$endif$]{$monofont$}
+$endif$
+$if(mathfont)$
+    \setmathfont(Digits,Latin,Greek)[$for(mathfontoptions)$$mathfontoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{$mathfont$}
+$endif$
+$if(CJKmainfont)$
+    \usepackage{xeCJK}
+    \setCJKmainfont[$for(CJKoptions)$$CJKoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{$CJKmainfont$}
+$endif$
+\fi
+% use upquote if available, for straight quotes in verbatim environments
+\IfFileExists{upquote.sty}{\usepackage{upquote}}{}
+% use microtype if available
+\IfFileExists{microtype.sty}{%
+\usepackage{microtype}
+\UseMicrotypeSet[protrusion]{basicmath} % disable protrusion for tt fonts
+}{}
+$if(geometry)$
+\usepackage[$for(geometry)$$geometry$$sep$,$endfor$]{geometry}
+$endif$
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+$if(colorlinks)$
+\PassOptionsToPackage{usenames,dvipsnames}{color} % color is loaded by hyperref
+$endif$
+\hypersetup{unicode=true,
+$if(title-meta)$
+            pdftitle={$title-meta$},
+$endif$
+$if(author-meta)$
+            pdfauthor={$author-meta$},
+$endif$
+$if(keywords)$
+            pdfkeywords={$for(keywords)$$keywords$$sep$; $endfor$},
+$endif$
+$if(colorlinks)$
+            colorlinks=true,
+            linkcolor=$if(linkcolor)$$linkcolor$$else$Maroon$endif$,
+            citecolor=$if(citecolor)$$citecolor$$else$Blue$endif$,
+            urlcolor=$if(urlcolor)$$urlcolor$$else$Blue$endif$,
+$else$
+            pdfborder={0 0 0},
+$endif$
+            breaklinks=true}
+\urlstyle{same}  % don't use monospace font for urls
+$if(lang)$
+\ifnum 0\ifxetex 1\fi\ifluatex 1\fi=0 % if pdftex
+  \usepackage[shorthands=off,$for(babel-otherlangs)$$babel-otherlangs$,$endfor$main=$babel-lang$]{babel}
+$if(babel-newcommands)$
+  $babel-newcommands$
+$endif$
+\else
+  \usepackage{polyglossia}
+  \setmainlanguage[$polyglossia-lang.options$]{$polyglossia-lang.name$}
+$for(polyglossia-otherlangs)$
+  \setotherlanguage[$polyglossia-otherlangs.options$]{$polyglossia-otherlangs.name$}
+$endfor$
+\fi
+$endif$
+$if(natbib)$
+\usepackage{natbib}
+\bibliographystyle{$if(biblio-style)$$biblio-style$$else$plainnat$endif$}
+$endif$
+$if(biblatex)$
+\usepackage$if(biblio-style)$[style=$biblio-style$]$endif${biblatex}
+$if(biblatexoptions)$\ExecuteBibliographyOptions{$for(biblatexoptions)$$biblatexoptions$$sep$,$endfor$}$endif$
+$for(bibliography)$
+\addbibresource{$bibliography$}
+$endfor$
+$endif$
+$if(listings)$
+\usepackage{listings}
+$endif$
+$if(lhs)$
+\lstnewenvironment{code}{\lstset{language=Haskell,basicstyle=\small\ttfamily}}{}
+$endif$
+$if(highlighting-macros)$
+$highlighting-macros$
+$endif$
+$if(verbatim-in-note)$
+\usepackage{fancyvrb}
+\VerbatimFootnotes % allows verbatim text in footnotes
+$endif$
+$if(tables)$
+\usepackage{longtable,booktabs}
+$endif$
+$if(graphics)$
+\usepackage{graphicx,grffile}
+\makeatletter
+\def\maxwidth{\ifdim\Gin@nat@width>\linewidth\linewidth\else\Gin@nat@width\fi}
+\def\maxheight{\ifdim\Gin@nat@height>\textheight\textheight\else\Gin@nat@height\fi}
+\makeatother
+% Scale images if necessary, so that they will not overflow the page
+% margins by default, and it is still possible to overwrite the defaults
+% using explicit options in \includegraphics[width, height, ...]{}
+\setkeys{Gin}{width=\maxwidth,height=\maxheight,keepaspectratio}
+$endif$
+$if(links-as-notes)$
+% Make links footnotes instead of hotlinks:
+\renewcommand{\href}[2]{#2\footnote{\url{#1}}}
+$endif$
+$if(strikeout)$
+\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}
+% avoid problems with \sout in headers with hyperref:
+\pdfstringdefDisableCommands{\renewcommand{\sout}{}}
+$endif$
+$if(indent)$
+$else$
+\IfFileExists{parskip.sty}{%
+\usepackage{parskip}
+}{% else
+\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
+\setlength{\parskip}{6pt plus 2pt minus 1pt}
+}
+$endif$
+\setlength{\emergencystretch}{3em}  % prevent overfull lines
+\providecommand{\tightlist}{%
+  \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}
+$if(numbersections)$
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{5}
+$else$
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}
+$endif$
+$if(subparagraph)$
+$else$
+% Redefines (sub)paragraphs to behave more like sections
+\ifx\paragraph\undefined\else
+\let\oldparagraph\paragraph
+\renewcommand{\paragraph}[1]{\oldparagraph{#1}\mbox{}}
+\fi
+\ifx\subparagraph\undefined\else
+\let\oldsubparagraph\subparagraph
+\renewcommand{\subparagraph}[1]{\oldsubparagraph{#1}\mbox{}}
+\fi
+$endif$
+$if(dir)$
+\ifxetex
+  % load bidi as late as possible as it modifies e.g. graphicx
+  $if(latex-dir-rtl)$
+  \usepackage[RTLdocument]{bidi}
+  $else$
+  \usepackage{bidi}
+  $endif$
+\fi
+\ifnum 0\ifxetex 1\fi\ifluatex 1\fi=0 % if pdftex
+  \TeXXeTstate=1
+  \newcommand{\RL}[1]{\beginR #1\endR}
+  \newcommand{\LR}[1]{\beginL #1\endL}
+  \newenvironment{RTL}{\beginR}{\endR}
+  \newenvironment{LTR}{\beginL}{\endL}
+\fi
+$endif$
+$for(header-includes)$
+$header-includes$
+$endfor$
+
+$if(title)$
+\title{$title$$if(thanks)$\thanks{$thanks$}$endif$}
+$endif$
+$if(subtitle)$
+\providecommand{\subtitle}[1]{}
+\subtitle{$subtitle$}
+$endif$
+$if(author)$
+\author{$for(author)$$author$$sep$ \and $endfor$}
+$endif$
+$if(institute)$
+\institute{$for(institute)$$institute$$sep$ \and $endfor$}
+$endif$
+\date{$date$}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{titlepage}
+   \vspace*{\stretch{1.0}}
+   \begin{center}
+      \Large\textbf{What I Wish I Knew When Learning Haskell}\\
+      \large\textit{Stephen Diehl}
+   \end{center}
+   \vspace*{\stretch{2.0}}
+\end{titlepage}
+
+$if(abstract)$
+\begin{abstract}
+$abstract$
+\end{abstract}
+$endif$
+
+$for(include-before)$
+$include-before$
+
+$endfor$
+$if(toc)$
+{
+$if(colorlinks)$
+\hypersetup{linkcolor=$if(toccolor)$$toccolor$$else$black$endif$}
+$endif$
+\setcounter{tocdepth}{$toc-depth$}
+\tableofcontents
+
+\newpage
+
+}
+$endif$
+$if(lot)$
+\listoftables
+$endif$
+$if(lof)$
+\listoffigures
+$endif$
+
+$body$
+
+$if(natbib)$
+$if(bibliography)$
+$if(biblio-title)$
+$if(book-class)$
+\renewcommand\bibname{$biblio-title$}
+$else$
+\renewcommand\refname{$biblio-title$}
+$endif$
+$endif$
+\bibliography{$for(bibliography)$$bibliography$$sep$,$endfor$}
+
+$endif$
+$endif$
+$if(biblatex)$
+\printbibliography$if(biblio-title)$[title=$biblio-title$]$endif$
+
+$endif$
+$for(include-after)$
+$include-after$
+
+$endfor$
+\end{document}

src/01-basics/README.md

@@ -2,4 +2,9 @@ Basics
 ======
 
 ```bash
+$ stack exec ghci bottoms.hs
+$ stack exec ghci defer.hs
+$ stack exec ghci fail.hs
+$ stack exec ghci stacktrace.hs
+$ stack exec ghci trace.hs
 ```

src/06-prelude/README.md

@@ -3,4 +3,5 @@ Prelude
 
 ```bash
 $ stack exec ghci split.hs
+$ stack exec ghci foldable_traversable.hs
 ```

src/10-advanced-monads/example.cabal

@@ -11,8 +11,10 @@ tested-with:         GHC == 7.6.3
 library 
 
   build-depends:       
-    mmorph          >= 1.0 && <1.1,
-    mtl             >= 2.2 && <2.3,
-    base            >= 4.6 && <4.10
+    safe              >= 0.3 && <0.4,
+    mmorph            >= 1.0 && <1.1,
+    mtl               >= 2.2 && <2.3,
+    transformers-base >= 0.4 && <0.5,
+    base              >= 4.6 && <4.10
 
   default-language:    Haskell2010

src/10-advanced-monads/indexed.hs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
 {-# LANGUAGE RebindableSyntax #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
 {-# LANGUAGE NoMonomorphismRestriction #-}
 
 import Data.IORef

src/10-advanced-monads/mmorph.hs

@@ -1,2 +1,28 @@
-import Control.Monad.Trans
+import Control.Monad.State
 import Control.Monad.Morph
+
+type Eval a = State [Int] a
+
+runEval :: [Int] -> Eval a -> a
+runEval = flip evalState
+
+pop :: Eval Int
+pop = do
+  top <- gets head
+  modify tail
+  return top
+
+push :: Int -> Eval ()
+push x = modify (x:)
+
+ev1 :: Eval Int
+ev1 = do
+  push 3
+  push 4
+  pop
+  pop
+
+ev2  :: StateT [Int] IO ()
+ev2 = do
+  result <- hoist generalize ev1
+  liftIO $ putStrLn $ "Result: " ++ show result

src/24-parsing/README.md

@@ -11,4 +11,5 @@ Parsing
  $ stack exec ghci parsec_operators.hs
  $ stack exec ghci parser.hs
  $ stack exec ghci simple_parser.hs
+ $ stack exec ghci configurator.hs
 ```

tutorial.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-<p class="center logo">
-![](img/title.png)
-</p>
+% What I Wish I Knew When Learning Haskell
+% Stephen Diehl
+% March 2016
 
 Stephen Diehl (<a class="author" href="https://twitter.com/smdiehl">@smdiehl</a> )
 
@@ -2040,17 +2040,47 @@ forM_ xs (lift . f) == lift (forM_ xs f)
 Monad Morphisms
 ---------------
 
+The base monad transformer package provides a ``MonadTrans`` class for lifting
+between layer:
+
 ```haskell
 lift :: Monad m => m a -> t m a
 ```
 
+But often times we need to work with and manipulate our monad transformer stack
+to either produce new transformers, modify existing ones, or extend an upstream
+library with new layers. The ``mmorph`` library provides the capacity to compose
+monad morphism transformation directly on transformer stacks. The equivalent of
+type transformer type-level map is the ``hoist`` function.
+
 ```haskell
 hoist :: Monad m => (forall a. m a -> n a) -> t m b -> t n b
-embed :: Monad n => (forall a. m a -> t n a) -> t m b -> t n b
-squash :: (Monad m, MMonad t) => t (t m) a -> t m a
 ```
 
-TODO
+Hoist takes a *monad morphism* (a mapping a ``m a`` to a ``n a``) and applies in
+on the inner value monad of a transformer stack, transforming the value under
+the outer layer.
+
+For example the monad morphism ``generalize`` takes an Identity into another
+monad ``m`` of the same index. For example this generalizes ``State s Identity``
+into ``StateT s m a``.
+
+```haskell
+generalize :: Monad m => Identity a -> m a
+```
+
+So we could generalize an existing transformer to lift a IO layer into it. 
+
+~~~~ {.haskell include="src/10-advanced-monads/mmorph.hs"}
+~~~~
+
+```haskell
+embed :: Monad n => (forall a. m a -> t n a) -> t m b -> t n b
+```
+
+```haskell
+squash :: (Monad m, MMonad t) => t (t m) a -> t m a
+```
 
 See: [mmorph](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/mmorph)
 
@@ -3018,10 +3048,31 @@ f $! x  = let !vx = x in f vx
 Strict Haskell
 --------------
 
-#### Strict
+As of GHC 8.0
 
 #### StrictData
 
+Enabling StrictData makes constructor fields strict by default on any module it
+is enabled on.
+
+```haskell
+data Employee = Employee
+  { name :: T.Text
+  , age :: Int
+  }
+```
+
+```
+data Employee = Employee
+  { name :: !T.Text
+  , age :: !Int
+  }
+```
+
+#### Strict
+
+Strict implies ``-XStrictData``
+
 Deepseq
 -------
 
@@ -3130,7 +3181,6 @@ To get work done you probably need.
 * async
 * bytestring
 * containers
-* exceptions
 * mtl
 * stm
 * text
@@ -5039,16 +5089,14 @@ See:
 Final Interpreters
 ------------------
 
-TODO
-
 Using typeclasses we can implement a *final interpreter* which models a set of
 extensible terms using functions bound to typeclasses rather than data
 constructors. Instances of the typeclass form interpreters over these terms.
 
 For example we can write a small language that includes basic arithmetic, and
 then retroactively extend our expression language with a multiplication operator
-without changing the base. At the same time our interpreter logic
-remains invariant under extension with new expressions.
+without changing the base. At the same time our interpreter logic remains
+invariant under extension with new expressions.
 
 ~~~~ {.haskell include="src/14-interpreters/fext.hs"}
 ~~~~
@@ -6581,12 +6629,8 @@ compiler, it can't automatically deduce the isomorphism between natural numbers
 and Peano numbers.
 
 So at each of these call sites we now have a proof obligation to construct proof
-terms which rearrange the type signatures of the terms in question such that
-actual types in the error messages GHC gave us align with the expected values to
-complete the program.
-
-Recall from our discussion of propositional equality from GADTs that we actually have such machinery to do
-this!
+terms. Recall from our discussion of propositional equality from GADTs that we
+actually have such machinery to construct this now.
 
 ~~~~ {.haskell include="src/17-promotion/reverse.hs"}
 ~~~~
@@ -7117,10 +7161,11 @@ See:
 Generic Deriving
 ----------------
 
-Using Generics, we can ask GHC to do lots of non-trivial code generation which
-works spectacularly well in practice. Some real world examples:
+Using Generics many common libraries provide a mechanisms to derive common
+typeclass instances. Some real world examples:
 
-The [hashable](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/hashable) library allows us to derive hashing functions.
+The [hashable](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/hashable) library allows us to
+derive hashing functions.
 
 ~~~~ {.haskell include="src/18-generics/hashable.hs"}
 ~~~~
@@ -11570,7 +11615,7 @@ ver = showVersion Paths_myprog.version
 
 See: [git-embed](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/git-embed)
 
-</hr>
+<hr/>
 
 Categories
 ==========