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\documentclass[$if(fontsize)$$fontsize$,$endif$$if(lang)$$babel-lang$,$endif$$if(papersize)$$papersize$paper,$endif$$for(classoption)$$classoption$$sep$,$endfor$]{$documentclass$}
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\usepackage[top=1cm, bottom=1.5cm, left=1.5cm, right=1.5cm]{geometry}
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\usepackage{geometry}
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\geometry{
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a4paper,
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total={21.59cm,27.94cm},
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top=2.8cm,
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bottom=2.1cm,
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inner=1.91cm,
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outer=6.68cm,
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% For pdf
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left=1.5cm,
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right=1.5cm,
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% For printing
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%marginparwidth=4cm,
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%marginparsep=0.8cm
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}
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$if(fontfamily)$
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\usepackage[$for(fontfamilyoptions)$$fontfamilyoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{$fontfamily$}
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$else$
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@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
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module Standalone where
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-- Pretty Printer
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import LLVM.General.Pretty (ppllvm)
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-- AST
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import qualified LLVM.General.AST as AST
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import qualified LLVM.General.AST.Linkage as Linkage
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import qualified LLVM.General.AST.Visibility as Visibility
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import qualified LLVM.General.AST.CallingConvention as Convention
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import Data.Text.Lazy.IO as TIO
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astModule :: AST.Module
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astModule = AST.Module
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{ AST.moduleName = "example-llvm-module"
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, AST.moduleDataLayout = Nothing
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, AST.moduleTargetTriple = Nothing
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, AST.moduleDefinitions =
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[ AST.GlobalDefinition
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(AST.Function
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Linkage.External
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Visibility.Default
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Nothing
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Convention.C
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[]
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(AST.IntegerType 8)
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(AST.Name "f")
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([AST.Parameter (AST.IntegerType 8) (AST.Name "x") []], False)
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[]
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Nothing
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Nothing
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0
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Nothing
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Nothing
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[ AST.BasicBlock
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(AST.Name "entry")
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[]
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(AST.Do
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(AST.Ret
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(Just
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(AST.LocalReference
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(AST.IntegerType 8)
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(AST.Name "x")
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)
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)
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[]
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)
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)
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]
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)
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]
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}
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main :: IO ()
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main = TIO.putStrLn (ppllvm astModule)
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53
src/30-languages/llvm-hs.hs
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53
src/30-languages/llvm-hs.hs
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import Control.Monad.Except
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import Data.ByteString.Char8 as BS
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import LLVM.AST
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import qualified LLVM.AST as AST
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import LLVM.AST.Global
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import LLVM.Context
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import LLVM.Module
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int :: Type
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int = IntegerType 32
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defAdd :: Definition
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defAdd =
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GlobalDefinition
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functionDefaults
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{ name = Name "add",
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parameters =
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( [ Parameter int (Name "a") [],
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Parameter int (Name "b") []
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],
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False
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),
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returnType = int,
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basicBlocks = [body]
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}
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where
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body =
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BasicBlock
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(Name "entry")
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[ Name "result"
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:= Add
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False -- no signed wrap
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False -- no unsigned wrap
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(LocalReference int (Name "a"))
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(LocalReference int (Name "b"))
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[]
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]
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(Do $ Ret (Just (LocalReference int (Name "result"))) [])
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module_ :: AST.Module
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module_ =
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defaultModule
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{ moduleName = "basic",
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moduleDefinitions = [defAdd]
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}
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toLLVM :: AST.Module -> IO ()
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toLLVM mod = withContext $ \ctx -> do
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llvm <- withModuleFromAST ctx mod moduleLLVMAssembly
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BS.putStrLn llvm
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main :: IO ()
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main = toLLVM module_
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37
src/30-languages/llvm-irbuilder.hs
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37
src/30-languages/llvm-irbuilder.hs
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{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
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{-# LANGUAGE RecursiveDo #-}
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module Main where
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import Data.Text.Lazy.IO as T
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import LLVM.AST hiding (function)
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import qualified LLVM.AST.Constant as C
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import qualified LLVM.AST.Float as F
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import qualified LLVM.AST.IntegerPredicate as P
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import LLVM.AST.Type as AST
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import LLVM.IRBuilder.Instruction
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import LLVM.IRBuilder.Module
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import LLVM.IRBuilder.Monad
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simple :: Module
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simple = buildModule "exampleModule" $ mdo
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function "f" [(AST.i32, "a")] AST.i32 $ \[a] -> mdo
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_entry <- block `named` "entry"
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cond <- icmp P.EQ a (ConstantOperand (C.Int 32 0))
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condBr cond ifThen ifElse
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ifThen <- block
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trVal <- add a (ConstantOperand (C.Int 32 0))
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br ifExit
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ifElse <- block `named` "if.else"
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flVal <- add a (ConstantOperand (C.Int 32 0))
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br ifExit
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ifExit <- block `named` "if.exit"
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r <- phi [(trVal, ifThen), (flVal, ifElse)]
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ret r
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function "plus" [(AST.i32, "x"), (AST.i32, "y")] AST.i32 $ \[x, y] -> do
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_entry <- block `named` "entry2"
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r <- add x y
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ret r
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main :: IO ()
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main = print simple
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80
tutorial.md
80
tutorial.md
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ This is the fifth major draft of this document since 2009.
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* **[Kindle Version](http://dev.stephendiehl.com/hask/tutorial.mobi)**
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License
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--------
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-------
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This code and text are dedicated to the public domain. You can copy, modify,
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distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without
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@ -29,6 +29,17 @@ always accepted for changes and additional content. This is a living document.
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The only way this document will stay up to date is through the kindness of
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readers like you and community patches and [pull requests](https://github.com/sdiehl/wiwinwlh) on Github.
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Author
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------
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This text is authored and edited by Stephen Diehl.
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* Web: www.stephendiehl.com
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* Twitter: https://twitter.com/smdiehl
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* Github: https://github.com/sdiehl
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<hr/>
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Basics
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======
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@ -1790,7 +1801,7 @@ it :: Num a => a
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This rule may be deactivated with the ``NoMonomorphicRestriction`` extension,
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see [below](#nomonomorphicrestriction).
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See:
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See:
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* [Monomorphism Restriction](https://wiki.haskell.org/Monomorphism_restriction)
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@ -5022,9 +5033,13 @@ iterateUntilM :: Monad m => (a -> Bool) -> (a -> m a) -> a -> m a
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whileJust :: Monad m => m (Maybe a) -> (a -> m b) -> m [b]
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```
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<hr/>
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Strings
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=======
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The string situation in Haskell is not great.
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String
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------
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@ -6835,7 +6850,7 @@ See:
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* [hint](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/mueval)
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* [mueval](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/mueval)
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</hr>
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<hr/>
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Testing
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=======
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@ -10794,6 +10809,12 @@ simple key-value store wrapped around the Map type.
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~~~~ {.haskell include="src/28-databases/acid.hs"}
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~~~~
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Selda
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-----
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TODO
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<hr/>
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GHC
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@ -11038,10 +11059,10 @@ associated with each package. For example to query the version of base library
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currently used for compilation we can query from the `ghc-pkg` command:
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```bash
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$ ghc-pkg field base version
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$ ghc-pkg field base version
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version: 4.12.0.0
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$ ghc-pkg field rts license
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$ ghc-pkg field rts license
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license: BSD-3-Clause
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$ ghc-pkg field haskeline exposed-modules
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@ -12958,6 +12979,52 @@ See:
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* [repline](https://github.com/sdiehl/repline)
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LLVM
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----
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Haskell has a rich set of LLVM bindings that can generate LLVM and JIT dynamic
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code from inside of the Haskell runtime. This is especially useful for building
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custom programming languages and compilers which need native performance. The
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`llvm-hs` library is the de-factor standard for compiler construction in
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Haskell. The `llvm-hs` library is split across two modules:
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* llvm-hs-pure - Pure Haskell datatypes
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* llvm-hs - Bindings to C++ framework for optimisation and JIT
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The `llvm-hs` bindings allow us to construct LLVM abstract syntax tree by
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manipulating a variety of Haskell datatypes. These datatypes all can be
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serialised to the C++ bindings to construct the
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~~~~ {.haskell include="src/30-languages/llvm-hs.hs"}
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~~~~
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This will generate the following LLVM module which can be pretty printed out:
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```llvm
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; ModuleID = 'basic'
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source_filename = "<string>"
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define i32 @add(i32 %a, i32 %b) {
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entry:
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%result = add i32 %a, %b
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ret i32 %result
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}
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```
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An alternative interface uses an IRBuilder monad which interactively constructs
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up the LLVM AST using monadic combinators.
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~~~~ {.haskell include="src/30-languages/llvm-irbuilder.hs"}
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~~~~
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See:
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* [llvm-hs](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/llvm-hs)
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* [llvm-hs-pure](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/llvm-hs-pure)
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* [llvm-hs-examples](https://github.com/llvm-hs/llvm-hs-examples)
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* [Kaleidoscope Tutorial](http://www.stephendiehl.com/llvm)
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* [llvm-hs Github](https://github.com/llvm-hs)
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</hr>
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Template Haskell
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many other values to and from the quoted expressions including identifiers, numbers, and other quoted
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expressions which implement the ``Lift`` type class.
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GPU Kernels
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-----------
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For example now if we wanted programmatically generate the source for a CUDA kernel to run on a GPU we can
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switch over the CUDA C dialect to emit the C code.
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