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;doc: bal: budget: compare with forecasting; add some tips

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Simon Michael 2023-02-04 14:47:01 -10:00
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hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Balance.md
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@ -604,6 +604,19 @@ Budget performance in 2017/11/01-2017/12/31:
|| 0 [ 0] 0 [ 0]
```
It's common to limit budgets/budget reports to just expenses
```
hledger bal -M --budget expenses
```
or just revenues and expenses (eg, using account types):
```
hledger bal -M --budget type:rx
```
It's also common to limit or convert them to a single currency
(`cur:COMM` or `-X COMM [--infer-market-prices]`).
If showing multiple currencies, `--layout bare` or `--layout tall` can help.
For more examples and notes, see [Budgeting](/budgeting.html).
#### Budget report start date
@ -666,10 +679,10 @@ To illustrate this, consider the following budget:
liabilities
```
With this, monthly budget for electronics is defined to be $100 and budget for personal expenses is an additional $1000, which implicitly means
that budget for both `expenses:personal` and `expenses` is $1100.
With this, monthly budget for electronics is defined to be \$100 and budget for personal expenses is an additional $1000, which implicitly means
that budget for both `expenses:personal` and `expenses` is \$1100.
Transactions in `expenses:personal:electronics` will be counted both towards its $100 budget and $1100 of `expenses:personal` , and transactions in any other subaccount of `expenses:personal` would be
Transactions in `expenses:personal:electronics` will be counted both towards its \$100 budget and \$1100 of `expenses:personal` , and transactions in any other subaccount of `expenses:personal` would be
counted towards only towards the budget of `expenses:personal`.
For example, let's consider these transactions:
@ -751,6 +764,38 @@ This means you can give your periodic rules descriptions
(remember that [two spaces are needed](#two-spaces-between-period-expression-and-description)),
and then select from multiple budgets defined in your journal.
#### Budget vs forecast
`hledger --forecast ...` and `hledger balance --budget ...` are separate features,
though both of them use the periodic transaction rules defined in the journal,
and both of them generate temporary transactions for reporting purposes
("forecast transactions" and "budget goal transactions", respectively).
You can use both features at the same time if you want.
Here are some differences between them, as of hledger 1.29:
CLI:
- --forecast is a general hledger option, usable with any command
- --budget is a `balance` command option, usable only with that command.
Visibility of generated transactions:
- forecast transactions are visible in any report, like ordinary transactions
- budget goal transactions are invisible except for the goal amounts they produce in --budget reports.
Periodic transaction rules:
- --forecast uses all available periodic transaction rules
- --budget uses all periodic rules (`--budget`) or a selected subset (`--budget=DESCPAT`)
Period of generated transactions:
- --forecast generates forecast transactions
- from after the last regular transaction to the end of the report period (`--forecast`)
- or, during a specified period (`--forecast=PERIODEXPR`)
- possibly further restricted by a period specified in the periodic transaction rule
- and always restricted within the bounds of the report period
- --budget generates budget goal transactions
- throughout the report period
- possibly restricted by a period specified in the periodic transaction rule.
### Data layout
The `--layout` option affects how balance reports show