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2
hledger-api/doc/hledger-api.1.info
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
This is hledger-api.1.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.1 from stdin.
This is hledger-api.1.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.0 from stdin.

File: hledger-api.1.info, Node: Top, Next: OPTIONS, Up: (dir)

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hledger-lib/doc/hledger_csv.5
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@ -8,19 +8,77 @@
CSV \- how hledger reads CSV data, and the CSV rules file format
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
hledger can read CSV files, converting each CSV record into a journal
entry (transaction), if you provide some conversion hints in a "rules
file".
This file should be named like the CSV file with an additional
\f[C]\&.rules\f[] suffix (eg: \f[C]mybank.csv.rules\f[]); or, you can
specify the file with \f[C]\-\-rules\-file\ PATH\f[].
hledger will create it if necessary, with some default rules which
you\[aq]ll need to adjust.
At minimum, the rules file must specify the \f[C]date\f[] and
\f[C]amount\f[] fields.
For an example, see Cookbook: convert CSV files.
hledger can read CSV (comma\-separated value) files as if they were
journal files, automatically converting each CSV record into a
transaction.
(To learn about \f[I]writing\f[] CSV, see CSV output.)
.PP
To learn about \f[I]exporting\f[] CSV, see CSV output.
Converting CSV to transactions requires some special conversion rules.
These do several things:
.IP \[bu] 2
they describe the layout and format of the CSV data
.IP \[bu] 2
they can customize the generated journal entries using a simple
templating language
.IP \[bu] 2
they can add refinements based on patterns in the CSV data, eg
categorizing transactions with more detailed account names.
.PP
When reading a CSV file named \f[C]FILE.csv\f[], hledger looks for a
conversion rules file named \f[C]FILE.csv.rules\f[] in the same
directory.
You can override this with the \f[C]\-\-rules\-file\f[] option.
If the rules file does not exist, hledger will auto\-create one with
some example rules, which you\[aq]ll need to adjust.
.PP
At minimum, the rules file must identify the \f[C]date\f[] and
\f[C]amount\f[] fields.
It may also be necessary to specify the date format, and the number of
header lines to skip.
Eg:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
fields\ date,\ _,\ _,\ amount
date\-format\ \ %d/%m/%Y
skip\ 1
\f[]
.fi
.PP
A more complete example:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
#\ hledger\ CSV\ rules\ for\ amazon.com\ order\ history
#\ sample:
#\ "Date","Type","To/From","Name","Status","Amount","Fees","Transaction\ ID"
#\ "Jul\ 29,\ 2012","Payment","To","Adapteva,\ Inc.","Completed","$25.00","$0.00","17LA58JSK6PRD4HDGLNJQPI1PB9N8DKPVHL"
#\ skip\ one\ header\ line
skip\ 1
#\ name\ the\ csv\ fields\ (and\ assign\ the\ transaction\[aq]s\ date,\ amount\ and\ code)
fields\ date,\ _,\ toorfrom,\ name,\ amzstatus,\ amount,\ fees,\ code
#\ how\ to\ parse\ the\ date
date\-format\ %b\ %\-d,\ %Y
#\ combine\ two\ fields\ to\ make\ the\ description
description\ %toorfrom\ %name
#\ save\ these\ fields\ as\ tags
comment\ \ \ \ \ status:%amzstatus,\ fees:%fees
#\ set\ the\ base\ account\ for\ all\ transactions
account1\ \ \ \ assets:amazon
#\ flip\ the\ sign\ on\ the\ amount
amount\ \ \ \ \ \ \-%amount
\f[]
.fi
.PP
For more examples, see Convert CSV files.
.SH CSV RULES
.PP
The following seven kinds of rule can appear in the rules file, in any

123
hledger-lib/doc/hledger_csv.5.info
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This is hledger_csv.5.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.1 from stdin.
This is hledger_csv.5.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.0 from stdin.

File: hledger_csv.5.info, Node: Top, Next: CSV RULES, Up: (dir)
@ -6,16 +6,63 @@ File: hledger_csv.5.info, Node: Top, Next: CSV RULES, Up: (dir)
hledger_csv(5) hledger 1.4
**************************
hledger can read CSV files, converting each CSV record into a journal
entry (transaction), if you provide some conversion hints in a "rules
file". This file should be named like the CSV file with an additional
'.rules' suffix (eg: 'mybank.csv.rules'); or, you can specify the file
with '--rules-file PATH'. hledger will create it if necessary, with
some default rules which you'll need to adjust. At minimum, the rules
file must specify the 'date' and 'amount' fields. For an example, see
Cookbook: convert CSV files.
hledger can read CSV (comma-separated value) files as if they were
journal files, automatically converting each CSV record into a
transaction. (To learn about _writing_ CSV, see CSV output.)
To learn about _exporting_ CSV, see CSV output.
Converting CSV to transactions requires some special conversion
rules. These do several things:
* they describe the layout and format of the CSV data
* they can customize the generated journal entries using a simple
templating language
* they can add refinements based on patterns in the CSV data, eg
categorizing transactions with more detailed account names.
When reading a CSV file named 'FILE.csv', hledger looks for a
conversion rules file named 'FILE.csv.rules' in the same directory. You
can override this with the '--rules-file' option. If the rules file
does not exist, hledger will auto-create one with some example rules,
which you'll need to adjust.
At minimum, the rules file must identify the 'date' and 'amount'
fields. It may also be necessary to specify the date format, and the
number of header lines to skip. Eg:
fields date, _, _, amount
date-format %d/%m/%Y
skip 1
A more complete example:
# hledger CSV rules for amazon.com order history
# sample:
# "Date","Type","To/From","Name","Status","Amount","Fees","Transaction ID"
# "Jul 29, 2012","Payment","To","Adapteva, Inc.","Completed","$25.00","$0.00","17LA58JSK6PRD4HDGLNJQPI1PB9N8DKPVHL"
# skip one header line
skip 1
# name the csv fields (and assign the transaction's date, amount and code)
fields date, _, toorfrom, name, amzstatus, amount, fees, code
# how to parse the date
date-format %b %-d, %Y
# combine two fields to make the description
description %toorfrom %name
# save these fields as tags
comment status:%amzstatus, fees:%fees
# set the base account for all transactions
account1 assets:amazon
# flip the sign on the amount
amount -%amount
For more examples, see Convert CSV files.
* Menu:
* CSV RULES::
@ -270,33 +317,33 @@ one rules file will be used for all the CSV files being read.

Tag Table:
Node: Top74
Node: CSV RULES810
Ref: #csv-rules920
Node: skip1182
Ref: #skip1278
Node: date-format1450
Ref: #date-format1579
Node: field list2085
Ref: #field-list2224
Node: field assignment2929
Ref: #field-assignment3086
Node: conditional block3590
Ref: #conditional-block3746
Node: include4642
Ref: #include4774
Node: newest-first5005
Ref: #newest-first5121
Node: CSV TIPS5532
Ref: #csv-tips5628
Node: CSV ordering5746
Ref: #csv-ordering5866
Node: CSV accounts6047
Ref: #csv-accounts6187
Node: CSV amounts6441
Ref: #csv-amounts6589
Node: CSV balance assertions7364
Ref: #csv-balance-assertions7548
Node: Reading multiple CSV files7753
Ref: #reading-multiple-csv-files7925
Node: CSV RULES2165
Ref: #csv-rules2275
Node: skip2537
Ref: #skip2633
Node: date-format2805
Ref: #date-format2934
Node: field list3440
Ref: #field-list3579
Node: field assignment4284
Ref: #field-assignment4441
Node: conditional block4945
Ref: #conditional-block5101
Node: include5997
Ref: #include6129
Node: newest-first6360
Ref: #newest-first6476
Node: CSV TIPS6887
Ref: #csv-tips6983
Node: CSV ordering7101
Ref: #csv-ordering7221
Node: CSV accounts7402
Ref: #csv-accounts7542
Node: CSV amounts7796
Ref: #csv-amounts7944
Node: CSV balance assertions8719
Ref: #csv-balance-assertions8903
Node: Reading multiple CSV files9108
Ref: #reading-multiple-csv-files9280

End Tag Table

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hledger-lib/doc/hledger_csv.5.txt
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@ -7,16 +7,65 @@ NAME
CSV - how hledger reads CSV data, and the CSV rules file format
DESCRIPTION
hledger can read CSV files, converting each CSV record into a journal
entry (transaction), if you provide some conversion hints in a "rules
file". This file should be named like the CSV file with an additional
.rules suffix (eg: mybank.csv.rules); or, you can specify the file with
--rules-file PATH. hledger will create it if necessary, with some
default rules which you'll need to adjust. At minimum, the rules file
must specify the date and amount fields. For an example, see Cookbook:
convert CSV files.
hledger can read CSV (comma-separated value) files as if they were
journal files, automatically converting each CSV record into a transac-
tion. (To learn about writing CSV, see CSV output.)
To learn about exporting CSV, see CSV output.
Converting CSV to transactions requires some special conversion rules.
These do several things:
o they describe the layout and format of the CSV data
o they can customize the generated journal entries using a simple tem-
plating language
o they can add refinements based on patterns in the CSV data, eg cate-
gorizing transactions with more detailed account names.
When reading a CSV file named FILE.csv, hledger looks for a conversion
rules file named FILE.csv.rules in the same directory. You can over-
ride this with the --rules-file option. If the rules file does not
exist, hledger will auto-create one with some example rules, which
you'll need to adjust.
At minimum, the rules file must identify the date and amount fields.
It may also be necessary to specify the date format, and the number of
header lines to skip. Eg:
fields date, _, _, amount
date-format %d/%m/%Y
skip 1
A more complete example:
# hledger CSV rules for amazon.com order history
# sample:
# "Date","Type","To/From","Name","Status","Amount","Fees","Transaction ID"
# "Jul 29, 2012","Payment","To","Adapteva, Inc.","Completed","$25.00","$0.00","17LA58JSK6PRD4HDGLNJQPI1PB9N8DKPVHL"
# skip one header line
skip 1
# name the csv fields (and assign the transaction's date, amount and code)
fields date, _, toorfrom, name, amzstatus, amount, fees, code
# how to parse the date
date-format %b %-d, %Y
# combine two fields to make the description
description %toorfrom %name
# save these fields as tags
comment status:%amzstatus, fees:%fees
# set the base account for all transactions
account1 assets:amazon
# flip the sign on the amount
amount -%amount
For more examples, see Convert CSV files.
CSV RULES
The following seven kinds of rule can appear in the rules file, in any
@ -126,59 +175,59 @@ CSV RULES
newest-first
newest-first
Consider adding this rule if all of the following are true: you might
be processing just one day of data, your CSV records are in reverse
chronological order (newest first), and you care about preserving the
order of same-day transactions. It usually isn't needed, because
hledger autodetects the CSV order, but when all CSV records have the
Consider adding this rule if all of the following are true: you might
be processing just one day of data, your CSV records are in reverse
chronological order (newest first), and you care about preserving the
order of same-day transactions. It usually isn't needed, because
hledger autodetects the CSV order, but when all CSV records have the
same date it will assume they are oldest first.
CSV TIPS
CSV ordering
The generated journal entries will be sorted by date. The order of
same-day entries will be preserved (except in the special case where
The generated journal entries will be sorted by date. The order of
same-day entries will be preserved (except in the special case where
you might need newest-first, see above).
CSV accounts
Each journal entry will have two postings, to account1 and account2
Each journal entry will have two postings, to account1 and account2
respectively. It's not yet possible to generate entries with more than
two postings. It's conventional and recommended to use account1 for
two postings. It's conventional and recommended to use account1 for
the account whose CSV we are reading.
CSV amounts
The amount field sets the amount of the account1 posting.
If the CSV has debit/credit amounts in separate fields, assign to the
amount-in and amount-out pseudo fields instead. (Whichever one has a
If the CSV has debit/credit amounts in separate fields, assign to the
amount-in and amount-out pseudo fields instead. (Whichever one has a
value will be used, with appropriate sign. If both contain a value, it
may not work so well.)
If an amount value is parenthesised, it will be de-parenthesised and
If an amount value is parenthesised, it will be de-parenthesised and
sign-flipped.
If an amount value begins with a double minus sign, those will cancel
If an amount value begins with a double minus sign, those will cancel
out and be removed.
If the CSV has the currency symbol in a separate field, assign that to
the currency pseudo field to have it prepended to the amount. Or, you
can use a field assignment to amount that interpolates both CSV fields
If the CSV has the currency symbol in a separate field, assign that to
the currency pseudo field to have it prepended to the amount. Or, you
can use a field assignment to amount that interpolates both CSV fields
(giving more control, eg to put the currency symbol on the right).
CSV balance assertions
If the CSV includes a running balance, you can assign that to the bal-
ance pseudo field; whenever the running balance value is non-empty, it
If the CSV includes a running balance, you can assign that to the bal-
ance pseudo field; whenever the running balance value is non-empty, it
will be asserted as the balance after the account1 posting.
Reading multiple CSV files
You can read multiple CSV files at once using multiple -f arguments on
the command line, and hledger will look for a correspondingly-named
You can read multiple CSV files at once using multiple -f arguments on
the command line, and hledger will look for a correspondingly-named
rules file for each. Note if you use the --rules-file option, this one
rules file will be used for all the CSV files being read.
REPORTING BUGS
Report bugs at http://bugs.hledger.org (or on the #hledger IRC channel
Report bugs at http://bugs.hledger.org (or on the #hledger IRC channel
or hledger mail list)
@ -192,7 +241,7 @@ COPYRIGHT
SEE ALSO
hledger(1), hledger-ui(1), hledger-web(1), hledger-api(1),
hledger(1), hledger-ui(1), hledger-web(1), hledger-api(1),
hledger_csv(5), hledger_journal(5), hledger_timeclock(5), hledger_time-
dot(5), ledger(1)

41
hledger-lib/doc/hledger_journal.5
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@ -384,7 +384,26 @@ digit groups (thousands, or any other grouping) can be separated by
commas (in which case period is used for decimal point) or periods (in
which case comma is used for decimal point)
.PP
You can use any of these variations when recording data, but when
You can use any of these variations when recording data.
However, there is some ambiguous way of representing numbers like
\f[C]$1.000\f[] and \f[C]$1,000\f[] both may mean either one thousand or
one dollar.
By default hledger will assume that this is sole delimiter is used only
for decimals.
On the other hand commodity format declared prior to that line will help
to resolve that ambiguity differently:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
commodity\ $1,000.00
2017/12/25\ New\ life\ of\ Scrooge
\ \ \ \ expenses:gifts\ \ $1,000
\ \ \ \ assets
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Though journal may contain mixed styles to represent amount, when
hledger displays amounts, it will choose a consistent format for each
commodity.
(Except for price amounts, which are always formatted as written).
@ -716,9 +735,9 @@ P\ 2010/1/1\ €\ $1.40
.SS Comments
.PP
Lines in the journal beginning with a semicolon (\f[C];\f[]) or hash
(\f[C]#\f[]) or asterisk (\f[C]*\f[]) are comments, and will be ignored.
(Asterisk comments make it easy to treat your journal like an org\-mode
outline in emacs.)
(\f[C]#\f[]) or star (\f[C]*\f[]) are comments, and will be ignored.
(Star comments cause org\-mode nodes to be ignored, allowing emacs users
to fold and navigate their journals with org\-mode or orgstruct\-mode.)
.PP
Also, anything between \f[C]comment\f[] and \f[C]end\ comment\f[]
directives is a (multi\-line) comment.
@ -730,20 +749,22 @@ description and/or indented on the following lines (before the
postings).
Similarly, you can attach comments to an individual posting by writing
them after the amount and/or indented on the following lines.
Transaction and posting comments must begin with a semicolon
(\f[C];\f[]).
.PP
Some examples:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
#\ a\ journal\ comment
#\ a\ file\ comment
;\ also\ a\ journal\ comment
;\ also\ a\ file\ comment
comment
This\ is\ a\ multiline\ comment,
This\ is\ a\ multiline\ file\ comment,
which\ continues\ until\ a\ line
where\ the\ "end\ comment"\ string
appears\ on\ its\ own.
appears\ on\ its\ own\ (or\ end\ of\ file).
end\ comment
2012/5/14\ something\ \ ;\ a\ transaction\ comment
@ -752,7 +773,7 @@ end\ comment
\ \ \ \ posting2
\ \ \ \ ;\ a\ comment\ for\ posting\ 2
\ \ \ \ ;\ another\ comment\ line\ for\ posting\ 2
;\ a\ journal\ comment\ (because\ not\ indented)
;\ a\ file\ comment\ (because\ not\ indented)
\f[]
.fi
.SS Tags
@ -1038,7 +1059,7 @@ commodity\-less amounts, or until the next D directive.
D\ $1,000.00
1/1
\ \ a\ \ \ \ \ 5\ \ \ \ #\ <\-\ commodity\-less\ amount,\ becomes\ $1
\ \ a\ \ \ \ \ 5\ \ \ \ ;\ <\-\ commodity\-less\ amount,\ becomes\ $1
\ \ b
\f[]
.fi

147
hledger-lib/doc/hledger_journal.5.info
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
This is hledger_journal.5.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.1 from
This is hledger_journal.5.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.0 from
stdin.

@ -361,7 +361,20 @@ commodity name. Some examples:
commas (in which case period is used for decimal point) or periods
(in which case comma is used for decimal point)
You can use any of these variations when recording data, but when
You can use any of these variations when recording data. However,
there is some ambiguous way of representing numbers like '$1.000' and
'$1,000' both may mean either one thousand or one dollar. By default
hledger will assume that this is sole delimiter is used only for
decimals. On the other hand commodity format declared prior to that
line will help to resolve that ambiguity differently:
commodity $1,000.00
2017/12/25 New life of Scrooge
expenses:gifts $1,000
assets
Though journal may contain mixed styles to represent amount, when
hledger displays amounts, it will choose a consistent format for each
commodity. (Except for price amounts, which are always formatted as
written). The display format is chosen as follows:
@ -684,8 +697,9 @@ File: hledger_journal.5.info, Node: Comments, Next: Tags, Prev: Prices, Up:
=============
Lines in the journal beginning with a semicolon (';') or hash ('#') or
asterisk ('*') are comments, and will be ignored. (Asterisk comments
make it easy to treat your journal like an org-mode outline in emacs.)
star ('*') are comments, and will be ignored. (Star comments cause
org-mode nodes to be ignored, allowing emacs users to fold and navigate
their journals with org-mode or orgstruct-mode.)
Also, anything between 'comment' and 'end comment' directives is a
(multi-line) comment. If there is no 'end comment', the comment extends
@ -695,18 +709,19 @@ to the end of the file.
description and/or indented on the following lines (before the
postings). Similarly, you can attach comments to an individual posting
by writing them after the amount and/or indented on the following lines.
Transaction and posting comments must begin with a semicolon (';').
Some examples:
# a journal comment
# a file comment
; also a journal comment
; also a file comment
comment
This is a multiline comment,
This is a multiline file comment,
which continues until a line
where the "end comment" string
appears on its own.
appears on its own (or end of file).
end comment
2012/5/14 something ; a transaction comment
@ -715,7 +730,7 @@ end comment
posting2
; a comment for posting 2
; another comment line for posting 2
; a journal comment (because not indented)
; a file comment (because not indented)

File: hledger_journal.5.info, Node: Tags, Next: Directives, Prev: Comments, Up: FILE FORMAT
@ -992,7 +1007,7 @@ amounts, or until the next D directive.
D $1,000.00
1/1
a 5 # <- commodity-less amount, becomes $1
a 5 ; <- commodity-less amount, becomes $1
b

@ -1087,61 +1102,61 @@ Node: Account names11207
Ref: #account-names11352
Node: Amounts11839
Ref: #amounts11977
Node: Virtual Postings14078
Ref: #virtual-postings14239
Node: Balance Assertions15459
Ref: #balance-assertions15636
Node: Assertions and ordering16532
Ref: #assertions-and-ordering16720
Node: Assertions and included files17420
Ref: #assertions-and-included-files17663
Node: Assertions and multiple -f options17996
Ref: #assertions-and-multiple--f-options18252
Node: Assertions and commodities18384
Ref: #assertions-and-commodities18621
Node: Assertions and subaccounts19317
Ref: #assertions-and-subaccounts19551
Node: Assertions and virtual postings20072
Ref: #assertions-and-virtual-postings20281
Node: Balance Assignments20423
Ref: #balance-assignments20594
Node: Prices21713
Ref: #prices21848
Node: Transaction prices21899
Ref: #transaction-prices22046
Node: Market prices24202
Ref: #market-prices24339
Node: Comments25299
Ref: #comments25423
Node: Tags26536
Ref: #tags26656
Node: Directives28058
Ref: #directives28173
Node: Account aliases28366
Ref: #account-aliases28512
Node: Basic aliases29116
Ref: #basic-aliases29261
Node: Regex aliases29951
Ref: #regex-aliases30121
Node: Multiple aliases30839
Ref: #multiple-aliases31013
Node: end aliases31511
Ref: #end-aliases31653
Node: account directive31754
Ref: #account-directive31936
Node: apply account directive32232
Ref: #apply-account-directive32430
Node: Multi-line comments33089
Ref: #multi-line-comments33281
Node: commodity directive33409
Ref: #commodity-directive33595
Node: Default commodity34467
Ref: #default-commodity34642
Node: Default year35179
Ref: #default-year35346
Node: Including other files35769
Ref: #including-other-files35928
Node: EDITOR SUPPORT36325
Ref: #editor-support36445
Node: Virtual Postings14568
Ref: #virtual-postings14729
Node: Balance Assertions15949
Ref: #balance-assertions16126
Node: Assertions and ordering17022
Ref: #assertions-and-ordering17210
Node: Assertions and included files17910
Ref: #assertions-and-included-files18153
Node: Assertions and multiple -f options18486
Ref: #assertions-and-multiple--f-options18742
Node: Assertions and commodities18874
Ref: #assertions-and-commodities19111
Node: Assertions and subaccounts19807
Ref: #assertions-and-subaccounts20041
Node: Assertions and virtual postings20562
Ref: #assertions-and-virtual-postings20771
Node: Balance Assignments20913
Ref: #balance-assignments21084
Node: Prices22203
Ref: #prices22338
Node: Transaction prices22389
Ref: #transaction-prices22536
Node: Market prices24692
Ref: #market-prices24829
Node: Comments25789
Ref: #comments25913
Node: Tags27155
Ref: #tags27275
Node: Directives28677
Ref: #directives28792
Node: Account aliases28985
Ref: #account-aliases29131
Node: Basic aliases29735
Ref: #basic-aliases29880
Node: Regex aliases30570
Ref: #regex-aliases30740
Node: Multiple aliases31458
Ref: #multiple-aliases31632
Node: end aliases32130
Ref: #end-aliases32272
Node: account directive32373
Ref: #account-directive32555
Node: apply account directive32851
Ref: #apply-account-directive33049
Node: Multi-line comments33708
Ref: #multi-line-comments33900
Node: commodity directive34028
Ref: #commodity-directive34214
Node: Default commodity35086
Ref: #default-commodity35261
Node: Default year35798
Ref: #default-year35965
Node: Including other files36388
Ref: #including-other-files36547
Node: EDITOR SUPPORT36944
Ref: #editor-support37064

End Tag Table

272
hledger-lib/doc/hledger_journal.5.txt
View File

@ -7,23 +7,23 @@ NAME
Journal - hledger's default file format, representing a General Journal
DESCRIPTION
hledger's usual data source is a plain text file containing journal
entries in hledger journal format. This file represents a standard
accounting general journal. I use file names ending in .journal, but
hledger's usual data source is a plain text file containing journal
entries in hledger journal format. This file represents a standard
accounting general journal. I use file names ending in .journal, but
that's not required. The journal file contains a number of transaction
entries, each describing a transfer of money (or any commodity) between
two or more named accounts, in a simple format readable by both hledger
and humans.
hledger's journal format is a compatible subset, mostly, of ledger's
journal format, so hledger can work with compatible ledger journal
files as well. It's safe, and encouraged, to run both hledger and
hledger's journal format is a compatible subset, mostly, of ledger's
journal format, so hledger can work with compatible ledger journal
files as well. It's safe, and encouraged, to run both hledger and
ledger on the same journal file, eg to validate the results you're get-
ting.
You can use hledger without learning any more about this file; just use
the add or web commands to create and update it. Many users, though,
also edit the journal file directly with a text editor, perhaps
the add or web commands to create and update it. Many users, though,
also edit the journal file directly with a text editor, perhaps
assisted by the helper modes for emacs or vim.
Here's an example:
@ -57,73 +57,73 @@ DESCRIPTION
FILE FORMAT
Transactions
Transactions are movements of some quantity of commodities between
named accounts. Each transaction is represented by a journal entry
beginning with a simple date in column 0. This can be followed by any
Transactions are movements of some quantity of commodities between
named accounts. Each transaction is represented by a journal entry
beginning with a simple date in column 0. This can be followed by any
of the following, separated by spaces:
o (optional) a status character (empty, !, or *)
o (optional) a transaction code (any short number or text, enclosed in
o (optional) a transaction code (any short number or text, enclosed in
parentheses)
o (optional) a transaction description (any remaining text until end of
line or a semicolon)
o (optional) a transaction comment (any remaining text following a
o (optional) a transaction comment (any remaining text following a
semicolon until end of line)
Then comes zero or more (but usually at least 2) indented lines repre-
Then comes zero or more (but usually at least 2) indented lines repre-
senting...
Postings
A posting is an addition of some amount to, or removal of some amount
from, an account. Each posting line begins with at least one space or
A posting is an addition of some amount to, or removal of some amount
from, an account. Each posting line begins with at least one space or
tab (2 or 4 spaces is common), followed by:
o (optional) a status character (empty, !, or *), followed by a space
o (required) an account name (any text, optionally containing single
o (required) an account name (any text, optionally containing single
spaces, until end of line or a double space)
o (optional) two or more spaces or tabs followed by an amount.
Positive amounts are being added to the account, negative amounts are
Positive amounts are being added to the account, negative amounts are
being removed.
The amounts within a transaction must always sum up to zero. As a con-
venience, one amount may be left blank; it will be inferred so as to
venience, one amount may be left blank; it will be inferred so as to
balance the transaction.
Be sure to note the unusual two-space delimiter between account name
and amount. This makes it easy to write account names containing spa-
ces. But if you accidentally leave only one space (or tab) before the
Be sure to note the unusual two-space delimiter between account name
and amount. This makes it easy to write account names containing spa-
ces. But if you accidentally leave only one space (or tab) before the
amount, the amount will be considered part of the account name.
Dates
Simple dates
Within a journal file, transaction dates use Y/M/D (or Y-M-D or Y.M.D)
Leading zeros are optional. The year may be omitted, in which case it
will be inferred from the context - the current transaction, the
default year set with a default year directive, or the current date
when the command is run. Some examples: 2010/01/31, 1/31, 2010-01-31,
Within a journal file, transaction dates use Y/M/D (or Y-M-D or Y.M.D)
Leading zeros are optional. The year may be omitted, in which case it
will be inferred from the context - the current transaction, the
default year set with a default year directive, or the current date
when the command is run. Some examples: 2010/01/31, 1/31, 2010-01-31,
2010.1.31.
Secondary dates
Real-life transactions sometimes involve more than one date - eg the
Real-life transactions sometimes involve more than one date - eg the
date you write a cheque, and the date it clears in your bank. When you
want to model this, eg for more accurate balances, you can specify
individual posting dates, which I recommend. Or, you can use the sec-
ondary dates (aka auxiliary/effective dates) feature, supported for
want to model this, eg for more accurate balances, you can specify
individual posting dates, which I recommend. Or, you can use the sec-
ondary dates (aka auxiliary/effective dates) feature, supported for
compatibility with Ledger.
A secondary date can be written after the primary date, separated by an
equals sign. The primary date, on the left, is used by default; the
secondary date, on the right, is used when the --date2 flag is speci-
equals sign. The primary date, on the left, is used by default; the
secondary date, on the right, is used when the --date2 flag is speci-
fied (--aux-date or --effective also work).
The meaning of secondary dates is up to you, but it's best to follow a
consistent rule. Eg write the bank's clearing date as primary, and
The meaning of secondary dates is up to you, but it's best to follow a
consistent rule. Eg write the bank's clearing date as primary, and
when needed, the date the transaction was initiated as secondary.
Here's an example. Note that a secondary date will use the year of the
@ -139,18 +139,18 @@ FILE FORMAT
$ hledger register checking --date2
2010/02/19 movie ticket assets:checking $-10 $-10
Secondary dates require some effort; you must use them consistently in
Secondary dates require some effort; you must use them consistently in
your journal entries and remember whether to use or not use the --date2
flag for your reports. They are included in hledger for Ledger compat-
ibility, but posting dates are a more powerful and less confusing
ibility, but posting dates are a more powerful and less confusing
alternative.
Posting dates
You can give individual postings a different date from their parent
transaction, by adding a posting comment containing a tag (see below)
You can give individual postings a different date from their parent
transaction, by adding a posting comment containing a tag (see below)
like date:DATE. This is probably the best way to control posting dates
precisely. Eg in this example the expense should appear in May
reports, and the deduction from checking should be reported on 6/1 for
precisely. Eg in this example the expense should appear in May
reports, and the deduction from checking should be reported on 6/1 for
easy bank reconciliation:
2015/5/30
@ -163,80 +163,82 @@ FILE FORMAT
$ hledger -f t.j register checking
2015/06/01 assets:checking $-10 $-10
DATE should be a simple date; if the year is not specified it will use
the year of the transaction's date. You can set the secondary date
similarly, with date2:DATE2. The date: or date2: tags must have a
valid simple date value if they are present, eg a date: tag with no
DATE should be a simple date; if the year is not specified it will use
the year of the transaction's date. You can set the secondary date
similarly, with date2:DATE2. The date: or date2: tags must have a
valid simple date value if they are present, eg a date: tag with no
value is not allowed.
Ledger's earlier, more compact bracketed date syntax is also supported:
[DATE], [DATE=DATE2] or [=DATE2]. hledger will attempt to parse any
[DATE], [DATE=DATE2] or [=DATE2]. hledger will attempt to parse any
square-bracketed sequence of the 0123456789/-.= characters in this way.
With this syntax, DATE infers its year from the transaction and DATE2
With this syntax, DATE infers its year from the transaction and DATE2
infers its year from DATE.
Status
Transactions, or individual postings within a transaction, can have a
status mark, which is a single character before the transaction
description or posting account name, separated from it by a space,
Transactions, or individual postings within a transaction, can have a
status mark, which is a single character before the transaction
description or posting account name, separated from it by a space,
indicating one of three statuses:
mark status
------------------
unmarked
! pending
* cleared
When reporting, you can filter by status with the -U/--unmarked,
-P/--pending, and -C/--cleared flags; or the status:, status:!, and
When reporting, you can filter by status with the -U/--unmarked,
-P/--pending, and -C/--cleared flags; or the status:, status:!, and
status:* queries; or the U, P, C keys in hledger-ui.
Note, in Ledger and in older versions of hledger, the "unmarked" state
is called "uncleared". As of hledger 1.3 we have renamed it to
Note, in Ledger and in older versions of hledger, the "unmarked" state
is called "uncleared". As of hledger 1.3 we have renamed it to
unmarked for clarity.
To replicate Ledger and old hledger's behaviour of also matching pend-
To replicate Ledger and old hledger's behaviour of also matching pend-
ing, combine -U and -P.
Status marks are optional, but can be helpful eg for reconciling with
Status marks are optional, but can be helpful eg for reconciling with
real-world accounts. Some editor modes provide highlighting and short-
cuts for working with status. Eg in Emacs ledger-mode, you can toggle
cuts for working with status. Eg in Emacs ledger-mode, you can toggle
transaction status with C-c C-e, or posting status with C-c C-c.
What "uncleared", "pending", and "cleared" actually mean is up to you.
What "uncleared", "pending", and "cleared" actually mean is up to you.
Here's one suggestion:
status meaning
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
uncleared recorded but not yet reconciled; needs review
pending tentatively reconciled (if needed, eg during a big recon-
pending tentatively reconciled (if needed, eg during a big recon-
ciliation)
cleared complete, reconciled as far as possible, and considered
cleared complete, reconciled as far as possible, and considered
correct
With this scheme, you would use -PC to see the current balance at your
bank, -U to see things which will probably hit your bank soon (like
With this scheme, you would use -PC to see the current balance at your
bank, -U to see things which will probably hit your bank soon (like
uncashed checks), and no flags to see the most up-to-date state of your
finances.
Description
A transaction's description is the rest of the line following the date
and status mark (or until a comment begins). Sometimes called the
A transaction's description is the rest of the line following the date
and status mark (or until a comment begins). Sometimes called the
"narration" in traditional bookkeeping, it can be used for whatever you
wish, or left blank. Transaction descriptions can be queried, unlike
wish, or left blank. Transaction descriptions can be queried, unlike
comments.
Payee and note
You can optionally include a | (pipe) character in a description to
subdivide it into a payee/payer name on the left and additional notes
on the right. This may be worthwhile if you need to do more precise
You can optionally include a | (pipe) character in a description to
subdivide it into a payee/payer name on the left and additional notes
on the right. This may be worthwhile if you need to do more precise
querying and pivoting by payee.
Account names
Account names typically have several parts separated by a full colon,
from which hledger derives a hierarchical chart of accounts. They can
be anything you like, but in finance there are traditionally five
top-level accounts: assets, liabilities, income, expenses, and equity.
Account names typically have several parts separated by a full colon,
from which hledger derives a hierarchical chart of accounts. They can
be anything you like, but in finance there are traditionally five
top-level accounts: assets, liabilities, income, expenses, and equity.
Account names may contain single spaces, eg: assets:accounts receiv-
able. Because of this, they must always be followed by two or more
@ -276,9 +278,22 @@ FILE FORMAT
commas (in which case period is used for decimal point) or periods
(in which case comma is used for decimal point)
You can use any of these variations when recording data, but when
hledger displays amounts, it will choose a consistent format for each
commodity. (Except for price amounts, which are always formatted as
You can use any of these variations when recording data. However,
there is some ambiguous way of representing numbers like $1.000 and
$1,000 both may mean either one thousand or one dollar. By default
hledger will assume that this is sole delimiter is used only for deci-
mals. On the other hand commodity format declared prior to that line
will help to resolve that ambiguity differently:
commodity $1,000.00
2017/12/25 New life of Scrooge
expenses:gifts $1,000
assets
Though journal may contain mixed styles to represent amount, when
hledger displays amounts, it will choose a consistent format for each
commodity. (Except for price amounts, which are always formatted as
written). The display format is chosen as follows:
o if there is a commodity directive specifying the format, that is used
@ -521,30 +536,32 @@ FILE FORMAT
P 2010/1/1 $1.40
Comments
Lines in the journal beginning with a semicolon (;) or hash (#) or
asterisk (*) are comments, and will be ignored. (Asterisk comments
make it easy to treat your journal like an org-mode outline in emacs.)
Lines in the journal beginning with a semicolon (;) or hash (#) or star
(*) are comments, and will be ignored. (Star comments cause org-mode
nodes to be ignored, allowing emacs users to fold and navigate their
journals with org-mode or orgstruct-mode.)
Also, anything between comment and end comment directives is a
(multi-line) comment. If there is no end comment, the comment extends
Also, anything between comment and end comment directives is a
(multi-line) comment. If there is no end comment, the comment extends
to the end of the file.
You can attach comments to a transaction by writing them after the
description and/or indented on the following lines (before the post-
ings). Similarly, you can attach comments to an individual posting by
writing them after the amount and/or indented on the following lines.
You can attach comments to a transaction by writing them after the
description and/or indented on the following lines (before the post-
ings). Similarly, you can attach comments to an individual posting by
writing them after the amount and/or indented on the following lines.
Transaction and posting comments must begin with a semicolon (;).
Some examples:
# a journal comment
# a file comment
; also a journal comment
; also a file comment
comment
This is a multiline comment,
This is a multiline file comment,
which continues until a line
where the "end comment" string
appears on its own.
appears on its own (or end of file).
end comment
2012/5/14 something ; a transaction comment
@ -553,7 +570,7 @@ FILE FORMAT
posting2
; a comment for posting 2
; another comment line for posting 2
; a journal comment (because not indented)
; a file comment (because not indented)
Tags
Tags are a way to add extra labels or labelled data to postings and
@ -623,54 +640,54 @@ FILE FORMAT
Or, you can use the --alias 'OLD=NEW' option on the command line. This
affects all entries. It's useful for trying out aliases interactively.
OLD and NEW are full account names. hledger will replace any occur-
rence of the old account name with the new one. Subaccounts are also
OLD and NEW are full account names. hledger will replace any occur-
rence of the old account name with the new one. Subaccounts are also
affected. Eg:
alias checking = assets:bank:wells fargo:checking
# rewrites "checking" to "assets:bank:wells fargo:checking", or "checking:a" to "assets:bank:wells fargo:checking:a"
Regex aliases
There is also a more powerful variant that uses a regular expression,
There is also a more powerful variant that uses a regular expression,
indicated by the forward slashes:
alias /REGEX/ = REPLACEMENT
or --alias '/REGEX/=REPLACEMENT'.
REGEX is a case-insensitive regular expression. Anywhere it matches
inside an account name, the matched part will be replaced by REPLACE-
MENT. If REGEX contains parenthesised match groups, these can be ref-
REGEX is a case-insensitive regular expression. Anywhere it matches
inside an account name, the matched part will be replaced by REPLACE-
MENT. If REGEX contains parenthesised match groups, these can be ref-
erenced by the usual numeric backreferences in REPLACEMENT. Eg:
alias /^(.+):bank:([^:]+)(.*)/ = \1:\2 \3
# rewrites "assets:bank:wells fargo:checking" to "assets:wells fargo checking"
Also note that REPLACEMENT continues to the end of line (or on command
line, to end of option argument), so it can contain trailing white-
Also note that REPLACEMENT continues to the end of line (or on command
line, to end of option argument), so it can contain trailing white-
space.
Multiple aliases
You can define as many aliases as you like using directives or com-
mand-line options. Aliases are recursive - each alias sees the result
of applying previous ones. (This is different from Ledger, where
You can define as many aliases as you like using directives or com-
mand-line options. Aliases are recursive - each alias sees the result
of applying previous ones. (This is different from Ledger, where
aliases are non-recursive by default). Aliases are applied in the fol-
lowing order:
1. alias directives, most recently seen first (recent directives take
1. alias directives, most recently seen first (recent directives take
precedence over earlier ones; directives not yet seen are ignored)
2. alias options, in the order they appear on the command line
end aliases
You can clear (forget) all currently defined aliases with the
You can clear (forget) all currently defined aliases with the
end aliases directive:
end aliases
account directive
The account directive predefines account names, as in Ledger and Bean-
count. This may be useful for your own documentation; hledger doesn't
The account directive predefines account names, as in Ledger and Bean-
count. This may be useful for your own documentation; hledger doesn't
make use of it yet.
; account ACCT
@ -685,8 +702,8 @@ FILE FORMAT
; etc.
apply account directive
You can specify a parent account which will be prepended to all
accounts within a section of the journal. Use the apply account and
You can specify a parent account which will be prepended to all
accounts within a section of the journal. Use the apply account and
end apply account directives like so:
apply account home
@ -703,7 +720,7 @@ FILE FORMAT
home:food $10
home:cash $-10
If end apply account is omitted, the effect lasts to the end of the
If end apply account is omitted, the effect lasts to the end of the
file. Included files are also affected, eg:
apply account business
@ -712,16 +729,16 @@ FILE FORMAT
apply account personal
include personal.journal
Prior to hledger 1.0, legacy account and end spellings were also sup-
Prior to hledger 1.0, legacy account and end spellings were also sup-
ported.
Multi-line comments
A line containing just comment starts a multi-line comment, and a line
A line containing just comment starts a multi-line comment, and a line
containing just end comment ends it. See comments.
commodity directive
The commodity directive predefines commodities (currently this is just
informational), and also it may define the display format for amounts
The commodity directive predefines commodities (currently this is just
informational), and also it may define the display format for amounts
in this commodity (overriding the automatically inferred format).
It may be written on a single line, like this:
@ -733,8 +750,8 @@ FILE FORMAT
; separating thousands with comma.
commodity 1,000.0000 AAAA
or on multiple lines, using the "format" subdirective. In this case
the commodity symbol appears twice and should be the same in both
or on multiple lines, using the "format" subdirective. In this case
the commodity symbol appears twice and should be the same in both
places:
; commodity SYMBOL
@ -747,10 +764,10 @@ FILE FORMAT
format INR 9,99,99,999.00
Default commodity
The D directive sets a default commodity (and display format), to be
The D directive sets a default commodity (and display format), to be
used for amounts without a commodity symbol (ie, plain numbers). (Note
this differs from Ledger's default commodity directive.) The commodity
and display format will be applied to all subsequent commodity-less
this differs from Ledger's default commodity directive.) The commodity
and display format will be applied to all subsequent commodity-less
amounts, or until the next D directive.
# commodity-less amounts should be treated as dollars
@ -758,12 +775,12 @@ FILE FORMAT
D $1,000.00
1/1
a 5 # <- commodity-less amount, becomes $1
a 5 ; <- commodity-less amount, becomes $1
b
Default year
You can set a default year to be used for subsequent dates which don't
specify a year. This is a line beginning with Y followed by the year.
You can set a default year to be used for subsequent dates which don't
specify a year. This is a line beginning with Y followed by the year.
Eg:
Y2009 ; set default year to 2009
@ -783,26 +800,27 @@ FILE FORMAT
assets
Including other files
You can pull in the content of additional journal files by writing an
You can pull in the content of additional journal files by writing an
include directive, like this:
include path/to/file.journal
If the path does not begin with a slash, it is relative to the current
If the path does not begin with a slash, it is relative to the current
file. Glob patterns (*) are not currently supported.
The include directive can only be used in journal files. It can
The include directive can only be used in journal files. It can
include journal, timeclock or timedot files, but not CSV files.
EDITOR SUPPORT
Add-on modes exist for various text editors, to make working with jour-
nal files easier. They add colour, navigation aids and helpful com-
mands. For hledger users who edit the journal file directly (the
nal files easier. They add colour, navigation aids and helpful com-
mands. For hledger users who edit the journal file directly (the
majority), using one of these modes is quite recommended.
These were written with Ledger in mind, but also work with hledger
These were written with Ledger in mind, but also work with hledger
files:
Emacs http://www.ledger-cli.org/3.0/doc/ledger-mode.html
Vim https://github.com/ledger/ledger/wiki/Get-
ting-started
@ -818,7 +836,7 @@ EDITOR SUPPORT
REPORTING BUGS
Report bugs at http://bugs.hledger.org (or on the #hledger IRC channel
Report bugs at http://bugs.hledger.org (or on the #hledger IRC channel
or hledger mail list)
@ -832,7 +850,7 @@ COPYRIGHT
SEE ALSO
hledger(1), hledger-ui(1), hledger-web(1), hledger-api(1),
hledger(1), hledger-ui(1), hledger-web(1), hledger-api(1),
hledger_csv(5), hledger_journal(5), hledger_timeclock(5), hledger_time-
dot(5), ledger(1)

2
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ NAME
Timeclock - the time logging format of timeclock.el, as read by hledger
DESCRIPTION
hledger can read timeclock files. As with Ledger, these are (a subset
hledger can read timeclock files. As with Ledger, these are (a subset
of) timeclock.el's format, containing clock-in and clock-out entries as
in the example below. The date is a simple date. The time format is
HH:MM[:SS][+-ZZZZ]. Seconds and timezone are optional. The timezone,
if present, must be four digits and is ignored (currently the time is
in the example below. The date is a simple date. The time format is
HH:MM[:SS][+-ZZZZ]. Seconds and timezone are optional. The timezone,
if present, must be four digits and is ignored (currently the time is
always interpreted as a local time).
i 2015/03/30 09:00:00 some:account name optional description after two spaces
@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ DESCRIPTION
i 2015/03/31 22:21:45 another account
o 2015/04/01 02:00:34
hledger treats each clock-in/clock-out pair as a transaction posting
some number of hours to an account. Or if the session spans more than
one day, it is split into several transactions, one for each day. For
hledger treats each clock-in/clock-out pair as a transaction posting
some number of hours to an account. Or if the session spans more than
one day, it is split into several transactions, one for each day. For
the above time log, hledger print generates these journal entries:
$ hledger -f t.timeclock print
@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
To generate time logs, ie to clock in and clock out, you could:
o use emacs and the built-in timeclock.el, or the extended time-
o use emacs and the built-in timeclock.el, or the extended time-
clock-x.el and perhaps the extras in ledgerutils.el
o at the command line, use these bash aliases:
@ -51,13 +51,13 @@ DESCRIPTION
alias to="echo o `date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'` >>$TIMELOG"
o or use the old ti and to scripts in the ledger 2.x repository. These
rely on a "timeclock" executable which I think is just the ledger 2
rely on a "timeclock" executable which I think is just the ledger 2
executable renamed.
REPORTING BUGS
Report bugs at http://bugs.hledger.org (or on the #hledger IRC channel
Report bugs at http://bugs.hledger.org (or on the #hledger IRC channel
or hledger mail list)
@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ COPYRIGHT
SEE ALSO
hledger(1), hledger-ui(1), hledger-web(1), hledger-api(1),
hledger(1), hledger-ui(1), hledger-web(1), hledger-api(1),
hledger_csv(5), hledger_journal(5), hledger_timeclock(5), hledger_time-
dot(5), ledger(1)

2
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5
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@ -272,6 +272,11 @@ troubleshooting.
updated file.
This allows some basic data entry.
.PP
\f[C]A\f[] is like \f[C]a\f[], but runs the hledger\-iadd tool, which
provides a curses\-style interface.
This key will be available if \f[C]hledger\-iadd\f[] is installed in
$PATH.
.PP
\f[C]E\f[] runs $HLEDGER_UI_EDITOR, or $EDITOR, or a default
(\f[C]emacsclient\ \-a\ ""\ \-nw\f[]) on the journal file.
With some editors (emacs, vi), the cursor will be positioned at the

26
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
This is hledger-ui.1.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.1 from stdin.
This is hledger-ui.1.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.0 from stdin.

File: hledger-ui.1.info, Node: Top, Next: OPTIONS, Up: (dir)
@ -207,6 +207,10 @@ temporarily can be useful for troubleshooting.
'a' runs command-line hledger's add command, and reloads the updated
file. This allows some basic data entry.
'A' is like 'a', but runs the hledger-iadd tool, which provides a
curses-style interface. This key will be available if 'hledger-iadd' is
installed in $PATH.
'E' runs $HLEDGER_UI_EDITOR, or $EDITOR, or a default ('emacsclient
-a "" -nw') on the journal file. With some editors (emacs, vi), the
cursor will be positioned at the current transaction when invoked from
@ -369,15 +373,15 @@ Node: OPTIONS825
Ref: #options924
Node: KEYS3861
Ref: #keys3958
Node: SCREENS6754
Ref: #screens6841
Node: Accounts screen6931
Ref: #accounts-screen7061
Node: Register screen9291
Ref: #register-screen9448
Node: Transaction screen11522
Ref: #transaction-screen11682
Node: Error screen12552
Ref: #error-screen12676
Node: SCREENS6917
Ref: #screens7004
Node: Accounts screen7094
Ref: #accounts-screen7224
Node: Register screen9454
Ref: #register-screen9611
Node: Transaction screen11685
Ref: #transaction-screen11845
Node: Error screen12715
Ref: #error-screen12839

End Tag Table

4
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@ -195,6 +195,10 @@ KEYS
a runs command-line hledger's add command, and reloads the updated
file. This allows some basic data entry.
A is like a, but runs the hledger-iadd tool, which provides a
curses-style interface. This key will be available if hledger-iadd is
installed in $PATH.
E runs $HLEDGER_UI_EDITOR, or $EDITOR, or a default (emac-
sclient -a "" -nw) on the journal file. With some editors (emacs, vi),
the cursor will be positioned at the current transaction when invoked

2
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
This is hledger-web.1.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.1 from stdin.
This is hledger-web.1.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.0 from stdin.

File: hledger-web.1.info, Node: Top, Next: OPTIONS, Up: (dir)

46
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@ -57,22 +57,22 @@ DESCRIPTION
With --file-url you can set a different base url for static files, eg
for better caching or cookie-less serving on high performance websites.
Note there is no built-in access control (aside from listening on
127.0.0.1 by default). So you will need to hide hledger-web behind an
authenticating proxy (such as apache or nginx) if you want to restrict
Note there is no built-in access control (aside from listening on
127.0.0.1 by default). So you will need to hide hledger-web behind an
authenticating proxy (such as apache or nginx) if you want to restrict
who can see and add entries to your journal.
Command-line options and arguments may be used to set an initial filter
on the data. This is not shown in the web UI, but it will be applied
on the data. This is not shown in the web UI, but it will be applied
in addition to any search query entered there.
With journal and timeclock files (but not CSV files, currently) the web
app detects changes made by other means and will show the new data on
the next request. If a change makes the file unparseable, hledger-web
app detects changes made by other means and will show the new data on
the next request. If a change makes the file unparseable, hledger-web
will show an error until the file has been fixed.
OPTIONS
Note: if invoking hledger-web as a hledger subcommand, write -- before
Note: if invoking hledger-web as a hledger subcommand, write -- before
options as shown above.
--serve
@ -85,14 +85,14 @@ OPTIONS
listen on this TCP port (default: 5000)
--base-url=URL
set the base url (default: http://IPADDR:PORT). You would
set the base url (default: http://IPADDR:PORT). You would
change this when sharing over the network, or integrating within
a larger website.
--file-url=URL
set the static files url (default: BASEURL/static). hledger-web
normally serves static files itself, but if you wanted to serve
them from another server for efficiency, you would set the url
normally serves static files itself, but if you wanted to serve
them from another server for efficiency, you would set the url
with this.
hledger input options:
@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ OPTIONS
$LEDGER_FILE or $HOME/.hledger.journal)
--rules-file=RULESFILE
Conversion rules file to use when reading CSV (default:
Conversion rules file to use when reading CSV (default:
FILE.rules)
--alias=OLD=NEW
@ -140,11 +140,11 @@ OPTIONS
multiperiod/multicolumn report by year
-p --period=PERIODEXP
set start date, end date, and/or reporting interval all at once
set start date, end date, and/or reporting interval all at once
(overrides the flags above)
--date2
match the secondary date instead (see command help for other
match the secondary date instead (see command help for other
effects)
-U --unmarked
@ -166,11 +166,11 @@ OPTIONS
show items with zero amount, normally hidden
-B --cost
convert amounts to their cost at transaction time (using the
convert amounts to their cost at transaction time (using the
transaction price, if any)
-V --value
convert amounts to their market value on the report end date
convert amounts to their market value on the report end date
(using the most recent applicable market price, if any)
When a reporting option appears more than once in the command line, the
@ -190,22 +190,22 @@ OPTIONS
show debug output (levels 1-9, default: 1)
A @FILE argument will be expanded to the contents of FILE, which should
contain one command line option/argument per line. (To prevent this,
contain one command line option/argument per line. (To prevent this,
insert a -- argument before.)
ENVIRONMENT
LEDGER_FILE The journal file path when not specified with -f. Default:
~/.hledger.journal (on windows, perhaps C:/Users/USER/.hledger.jour-
~/.hledger.journal (on windows, perhaps C:/Users/USER/.hledger.jour-
nal).
FILES
Reads data from one or more files in hledger journal, timeclock, time-
dot, or CSV format specified with -f, or $LEDGER_FILE, or
$HOME/.hledger.journal (on windows, perhaps
Reads data from one or more files in hledger journal, timeclock, time-
dot, or CSV format specified with -f, or $LEDGER_FILE, or
$HOME/.hledger.journal (on windows, perhaps
C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal).
BUGS
The need to precede options with -- when invoked from hledger is awk-
The need to precede options with -- when invoked from hledger is awk-
ward.
-f- doesn't work (hledger-web can't read from stdin).
@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ BUGS
REPORTING BUGS
Report bugs at http://bugs.hledger.org (or on the #hledger IRC channel
Report bugs at http://bugs.hledger.org (or on the #hledger IRC channel
or hledger mail list)
@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ COPYRIGHT
SEE ALSO
hledger(1), hledger-ui(1), hledger-web(1), hledger-api(1),
hledger(1), hledger-ui(1), hledger-web(1), hledger-api(1),
hledger_csv(5), hledger_journal(5), hledger_timeclock(5), hledger_time-
dot(5), ledger(1)

76
hledger/doc/hledger.1
View File

@ -721,11 +721,32 @@ T{
T}
.TE
.PP
Note that \f[C]weekly\f[], \f[C]monthly\f[], \f[C]quarterly\f[] and
\f[C]yearly\f[] intervals will always start on the first day on week,
month, quarter or year accordingly, and will end on the last day of same
period, even if associated period expression specifies different
explicit start and end date.
.SS For example:
.PP
\f[C]\-p\ "weekly\ from\ 2009/1/1\ to\ 2009/4/1"\f[] \-\- starts on
2008/12/29, closest preceeding Monday
\f[C]\-p\ "monthly\ in\ 2008/11/25"\f[] \-\- starts on 2018/11/01
.PD 0
.P
.PD
\f[C]\-p\ "quarterly\ from\ 2009\-05\-05\ to\ 2009\-06\-01"\f[] \-
starts on 2009/04/01, ends on 2009/06/30, which are first and last days
of Q2 2009 \f[C]\-p\ "yearly\ from\ 2009\-12\-29"\f[] \- starts on
2009/01/01, first day of 2009
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
.PP
The following more complex report intervals are also supported:
\f[C]biweekly\f[], \f[C]bimonthly\f[],
\f[C]every\ N\ days|weeks|months|quarters|years\f[],
\f[C]every\ Nth\ day\ [of\ month]\f[],
\f[C]every\ Nth\ day\ of\ week\f[].
\f[C]every\ day|week|month|quarter|year\f[],
\f[C]every\ N\ days|weeks|months|quarters|years\f[].
.PP
All of these will start on the first day of the requested period and end
on the last one, as described above.
.PP
Examples:
.PP
@ -733,13 +754,56 @@ Examples:
tab(@);
l.
T{
\f[C]\-p\ "bimonthly\ from\ 2008"\f[]
\f[C]\-p\ "bimonthly\ from\ 2008"\f[] \-\- periods will have boundaries
on 2008/01/01, 2008/03/01, ...
T}
T{
\f[C]\-p\ "every\ 2\ weeks"\f[]
\f[C]\-p\ "every\ 2\ weeks"\f[] \-\- starts on closest preceeding Monday
T}
T{
\f[C]\-p\ "every\ 5\ days\ from\ 1/3"\f[]
\f[C]\-p\ "every\ 5\ month\ from\ 2009/03"\f[] \-\- periods will have
boundaries on 2009/03/01, 2009/08/01, ...
T}
.TE
.PP
If you want intervals that start on arbitrary day of your choosing and
span a week, month or year, you need to use any of the following:
.PP
\f[C]every\ Nth\ day\ of\ week\f[], \f[C]every\ <weekday>\f[],
\f[C]every\ Nth\ day\ [of\ month]\f[],
\f[C]every\ Nth\ weekday\ [of\ month]\f[],
\f[C]every\ MM/DD\ [of\ year]\f[], \f[C]every\ Nth\ MMM\ [of\ year]\f[],
\f[C]every\ MMM\ Nth\ [of\ year]\f[].
.PP
Examples:
.PP
.TS
tab(@);
l.
T{
\f[C]\-p\ "every\ 2nd\ day\ of\ week"\f[] \-\- periods will go from Tue
to Tue
T}
T{
\f[C]\-p\ "every\ Tue"\f[] \-\- same
T}
T{
\f[C]\-p\ "every\ 15th\ day"\f[] \-\- period boundaries will be on 15th
of each month
T}
T{
\f[C]\-p\ "every\ 2nd\ Monday"\f[] \-\- period boundaries will be on
second Monday of each month
T}
T{
\f[C]\-p\ "every\ 11/05"\f[] \-\- yearly periods with boundaries on 5th
of Nov
T}
T{
\f[C]\-p\ "every\ 5th\ Nov"\f[] \-\- same
T}
T{
\f[C]\-p\ "every\ Nov\ 5th"\f[] \-\- same
T}
.TE
.PP

316
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
This is hledger.1.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.1 from stdin.
This is hledger.1.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.0 from stdin.

File: hledger.1.info, Node: Top, Next: EXAMPLES, Up: (dir)
@ -125,6 +125,7 @@ File: hledger.1.info, Node: OPTIONS, Next: QUERIES, Prev: EXAMPLES, Up: Top
* Report start & end date::
* Report intervals::
* Period expressions::
* For example::
* Depth limiting::
* Pivoting::
* Cost::
@ -432,7 +433,7 @@ complex intervals may be specified with a period expression. Report
intervals can not be specified with a query, currently.

File: hledger.1.info, Node: Period expressions, Next: Depth limiting, Prev: Report intervals, Up: OPTIONS
File: hledger.1.info, Node: Period expressions, Next: For example, Prev: Report intervals, Up: OPTIONS
2.10 Period expressions
=======================
@ -486,15 +487,54 @@ start/end dates (if any), the word 'in' is optional. Examples:
'-p "monthly in 2008"'
'-p "quarterly"'
Note that 'weekly', 'monthly', 'quarterly' and 'yearly' intervals
will always start on the first day on week, month, quarter or year
accordingly, and will end on the last day of same period, even if
associated period expression specifies different explicit start and end
date.

File: hledger.1.info, Node: For example, Next: Depth limiting, Prev: Period expressions, Up: OPTIONS
2.11 For example:
=================
'-p "weekly from 2009/1/1 to 2009/4/1"' - starts on 2008/12/29, closest
preceeding Monday '-p "monthly in 2008/11/25"' - starts on 2018/11/01
'-p "quarterly from 2009-05-05 to 2009-06-01"' - starts on 2009/04/01,
ends on 2009/06/30, which are first and last days of Q2 2009 '-p "yearly
from 2009-12-29"' - starts on 2009/01/01, first day of 2009
----------------------------
The following more complex report intervals are also supported:
'biweekly', 'bimonthly', 'every N days|weeks|months|quarters|years',
'every Nth day [of month]', 'every Nth day of week'.
'biweekly', 'bimonthly', 'every day|week|month|quarter|year', 'every N
days|weeks|months|quarters|years'.
All of these will start on the first day of the requested period and
end on the last one, as described above.
Examples:
'-p "bimonthly from 2008"'
'-p "every 2 weeks"'
'-p "every 5 days from 1/3"'
'-p "bimonthly from 2008"' - periods will have boundaries on 2008/01/01, 2008/03/01, ...
'-p "every 2 weeks"' - starts on closest preceeding Monday
'-p "every 5 month from 2009/03"' - periods will have boundaries on 2009/03/01, 2009/08/01, ...
If you want intervals that start on arbitrary day of your choosing
and span a week, month or year, you need to use any of the following:
'every Nth day of week', 'every <weekday>', 'every Nth day [of
month]', 'every Nth weekday [of month]', 'every MM/DD [of year]', 'every
Nth MMM [of year]', 'every MMM Nth [of year]'.
Examples:
'-p "every 2nd day of week"' - periods will go from Tue to Tue
'-p "every Tue"' - same
'-p "every 15th day"' - period boundaries will be on 15th of each month
'-p "every 2nd Monday"' - period boundaries will be on second Monday of each month
'-p "every 11/05"' - yearly periods with boundaries on 5th of Nov
'-p "every 5th Nov"' - same
'-p "every Nov 5th"' - same
Show historical balances at end of 15th each month (N is exclusive
end date):
@ -507,9 +547,9 @@ start date and exclusive end date):
'hledger register checking -p "every 3rd day of week"'

File: hledger.1.info, Node: Depth limiting, Next: Pivoting, Prev: Period expressions, Up: OPTIONS
File: hledger.1.info, Node: Depth limiting, Next: Pivoting, Prev: For example, Up: OPTIONS
2.11 Depth limiting
2.12 Depth limiting
===================
With the '--depth N' option (short form: '-N'), commands like account,
@ -521,7 +561,7 @@ less detail. This flag has the same effect as a 'depth:' query argument

File: hledger.1.info, Node: Pivoting, Next: Cost, Prev: Depth limiting, Up: OPTIONS
2.12 Pivoting
2.13 Pivoting
=============
Normally hledger sums amounts, and organizes them in a hierarchy, based
@ -578,7 +618,7 @@ $ hledger balance --pivot member acct:.

File: hledger.1.info, Node: Cost, Next: Market value, Prev: Pivoting, Up: OPTIONS
2.13 Cost
2.14 Cost
=========
The '-B/--cost' flag converts amounts to their cost at transaction time,
@ -587,7 +627,7 @@ if they have a transaction price specified.

File: hledger.1.info, Node: Market value, Next: Regular expressions, Prev: Cost, Up: OPTIONS
2.14 Market value
2.15 Market value
=================
The '-V/--value' flag converts the reported amounts to their market
@ -636,7 +676,7 @@ directives, not transaction prices (unlike Ledger).

File: hledger.1.info, Node: Regular expressions, Prev: Market value, Up: OPTIONS
2.15 Regular expressions
2.16 Regular expressions
========================
hledger uses regular expressions in a number of places:
@ -2222,129 +2262,131 @@ Node: EXAMPLES1886
Ref: #examples1988
Node: OPTIONS3634
Ref: #options3738
Node: General options4038
Ref: #general-options4165
Node: Command options6484
Ref: #command-options6637
Node: Command arguments7035
Ref: #command-arguments7191
Node: Argument files7312
Ref: #argument-files7465
Node: Special characters7731
Ref: #special-characters7886
Node: Input files9305
Ref: #input-files9443
Node: Smart dates11406
Ref: #smart-dates11549
Node: Report start & end date12528
Ref: #report-start-end-date12700
Node: Report intervals13766
Ref: #report-intervals13931
Node: Period expressions14332
Ref: #period-expressions14494
Node: Depth limiting16834
Ref: #depth-limiting16980
Node: Pivoting17322
Ref: #pivoting17442
Node: Cost19118
Ref: #cost19228
Node: Market value19346
Ref: #market-value19483
Node: Regular expressions20783
Ref: #regular-expressions20921
Node: QUERIES22282
Ref: #queries22386
Node: COMMANDS26353
Ref: #commands26467
Node: accounts27450
Ref: #accounts27550
Node: activity28543
Ref: #activity28655
Node: add29014
Ref: #add29115
Node: balance31773
Ref: #balance31886
Node: Flat mode35043
Ref: #flat-mode35170
Node: Depth limited balance reports35590
Ref: #depth-limited-balance-reports35793
Node: Multicolumn balance reports36213
Ref: #multicolumn-balance-reports36424
Node: Custom balance output41072
Ref: #custom-balance-output41256
Node: Colour support43349
Ref: #colour-support43510
Node: Output destination43683
Ref: #output-destination43841
Node: CSV output44111
Ref: #csv-output44230
Node: balancesheet44627
Ref: #balancesheet44765
Node: balancesheetequity46733
Ref: #balancesheetequity46884
Node: cashflow47673
Ref: #cashflow47803
Node: check-dates49715
Ref: #check-dates49844
Node: check-dupes49961
Ref: #check-dupes50088
Node: equity50225
Ref: #equity50337
Node: help50500
Ref: #help50603
Node: import51677
Ref: #import51793
Node: incomestatement52523
Ref: #incomestatement52659
Node: prices54612
Ref: #prices54729
Node: print54772
Ref: #print54884
Node: print-unique59730
Ref: #print-unique59858
Node: register59926
Ref: #register60055
Node: Custom register output64556
Ref: #custom-register-output64687
Node: register-match65984
Ref: #register-match66120
Node: rewrite66303
Ref: #rewrite66422
Node: stats66491
Ref: #stats66596
Node: tags67477
Ref: #tags67577
Node: test67813
Ref: #test67899
Node: ADD-ON COMMANDS68267
Ref: #add-on-commands68379
Node: Official add-ons69666
Ref: #official-add-ons69808
Node: api69895
Ref: #api69986
Node: ui70038
Ref: #ui70139
Node: web70197
Ref: #web70288
Node: Third party add-ons70334
Ref: #third-party-add-ons70511
Node: diff70646
Ref: #diff70745
Node: iadd70844
Ref: #iadd70960
Node: interest71043
Ref: #interest71166
Node: irr71261
Ref: #irr71361
Node: Experimental add-ons71439
Ref: #experimental-add-ons71593
Node: autosync71884
Ref: #autosync71998
Node: budget72237
Ref: #budget72361
Node: chart72427
Ref: #chart72546
Node: check72617
Ref: #check72721
Node: General options4054
Ref: #general-options4181
Node: Command options6500
Ref: #command-options6653
Node: Command arguments7051
Ref: #command-arguments7207
Node: Argument files7328
Ref: #argument-files7481
Node: Special characters7747
Ref: #special-characters7902
Node: Input files9321
Ref: #input-files9459
Node: Smart dates11422
Ref: #smart-dates11565
Node: Report start & end date12544
Ref: #report-start-end-date12716
Node: Report intervals13782
Ref: #report-intervals13947
Node: Period expressions14348
Ref: #period-expressions14507
Node: For example16552
Ref: #for-example16697
Node: Depth limiting18621
Ref: #depth-limiting18760
Node: Pivoting19102
Ref: #pivoting19222
Node: Cost20898
Ref: #cost21008
Node: Market value21126
Ref: #market-value21263
Node: Regular expressions22563
Ref: #regular-expressions22701
Node: QUERIES24062
Ref: #queries24166
Node: COMMANDS28133
Ref: #commands28247
Node: accounts29230
Ref: #accounts29330
Node: activity30323
Ref: #activity30435
Node: add30794
Ref: #add30895
Node: balance33553
Ref: #balance33666
Node: Flat mode36823
Ref: #flat-mode36950
Node: Depth limited balance reports37370
Ref: #depth-limited-balance-reports37573
Node: Multicolumn balance reports37993
Ref: #multicolumn-balance-reports38204
Node: Custom balance output42852
Ref: #custom-balance-output43036
Node: Colour support45129
Ref: #colour-support45290
Node: Output destination45463
Ref: #output-destination45621
Node: CSV output45891
Ref: #csv-output46010
Node: balancesheet46407
Ref: #balancesheet46545
Node: balancesheetequity48513
Ref: #balancesheetequity48664
Node: cashflow49453
Ref: #cashflow49583
Node: check-dates51495
Ref: #check-dates51624
Node: check-dupes51741
Ref: #check-dupes51868
Node: equity52005
Ref: #equity52117
Node: help52280
Ref: #help52383
Node: import53457
Ref: #import53573
Node: incomestatement54303
Ref: #incomestatement54439
Node: prices56392
Ref: #prices56509
Node: print56552
Ref: #print56664
Node: print-unique61510
Ref: #print-unique61638
Node: register61706
Ref: #register61835
Node: Custom register output66336
Ref: #custom-register-output66467
Node: register-match67764
Ref: #register-match67900
Node: rewrite68083
Ref: #rewrite68202
Node: stats68271
Ref: #stats68376
Node: tags69257
Ref: #tags69357
Node: test69593
Ref: #test69679
Node: ADD-ON COMMANDS70047
Ref: #add-on-commands70159
Node: Official add-ons71446
Ref: #official-add-ons71588
Node: api71675
Ref: #api71766
Node: ui71818
Ref: #ui71919
Node: web71977
Ref: #web72068
Node: Third party add-ons72114
Ref: #third-party-add-ons72291
Node: diff72426
Ref: #diff72525
Node: iadd72624
Ref: #iadd72740
Node: interest72823
Ref: #interest72946
Node: irr73041
Ref: #irr73141
Node: Experimental add-ons73219
Ref: #experimental-add-ons73373
Node: autosync73664
Ref: #autosync73778
Node: budget74017
Ref: #budget74141
Node: chart74207
Ref: #chart74326
Node: check74397
Ref: #check74501

End Tag Table

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@ -286,6 +286,7 @@ OPTIONS
format automatically based on the file extension, or if that is not
recognised, by trying each built-in "reader" in turn:
Reader: Reads: Used for file extensions:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
journal hledger's journal format, also .journal .j .hledger
@ -323,14 +324,16 @@ OPTIONS
Examples:
2009/1/1, 2009/01/01, simple dates, several sep-
2009-1-1, 2009.1.1 arators allowed
2009/1, 2009 same as above - a missing
day or month defaults to 1
1/1, january, jan, relative dates, meaning
this year january 1 of the current
year
1/1, january, jan, relative dates, meaning
this year january 1 of the current
year
next year january 1 of next year
this month the 1st of the current
month
@ -355,6 +358,7 @@ OPTIONS
Examples:
-b 2016/3/17 begin on St. Patrick's
day 2016
-e 12/1 end at the start of decem-
@ -382,25 +386,27 @@ OPTIONS
Period expressions
The -p/--period option accepts period expressions, a shorthand way of
expressing a start date, end date, and/or report interval all at once.
expressing a start date, end date, and/or report interval all at once.
Here's a basic period expression specifying the first quarter of 2009.
Note, hledger always treats start dates as inclusive and end dates as
Here's a basic period expression specifying the first quarter of 2009.
Note, hledger always treats start dates as inclusive and end dates as
exclusive:
-p "from 2009/1/1 to 2009/4/1"
Keywords like "from" and "to" are optional, and so are the spaces, as
long as you don't run two dates together. "to" can also be written as
Keywords like "from" and "to" are optional, and so are the spaces, as
long as you don't run two dates together. "to" can also be written as
"-". These are equivalent to the above:
-p "2009/1/1 2009/4/1"
-p2009/1/1to2009/4/1
-p2009/1/1-2009/4/1
Dates are smart dates, so if the current year is 2009, the above can
Dates are smart dates, so if the current year is 2009, the above can
also be written as:
-p "1/1 4/1"
-p "january-apr"
-p "this year to 4/1"
@ -408,43 +414,91 @@ OPTIONS
If you specify only one date, the missing start or end date will be the
earliest or latest transaction in your journal:
-p "from 2009/1/1" everything after january
1, 2009
-p "from 2009/1" the same
-p "from 2009" the same
-p "to 2009" everything before january
-p "to 2009" everything before january
1, 2009
A single date with no "from" or "to" defines both the start and end
A single date with no "from" or "to" defines both the start and end
date like so:
-p "2009" the year 2009; equivalent
-p "2009" the year 2009; equivalent
to "2009/1/1 to 2010/1/1"
-p "2009/1" the month of jan; equiva-
-p "2009/1" the month of jan; equiva-
lent to "2009/1/1 to
2009/2/1"
-p "2009/1/1" just that day; equivalent
-p "2009/1/1" just that day; equivalent
to "2009/1/1 to 2009/1/2"
The argument of -p can also begin with, or be, a report interval
expression. The basic report intervals are daily, weekly, monthly,
The argument of -p can also begin with, or be, a report interval
expression. The basic report intervals are daily, weekly, monthly,
quarterly, or yearly, which have the same effect as the -D,-W,-M,-Q, or
-Y flags. Between report interval and start/end dates (if any), the
-Y flags. Between report interval and start/end dates (if any), the
word in is optional. Examples:
-p "weekly from 2009/1/1 to 2009/4/1"
-p "monthly in 2008"
-p "quarterly"
Note that weekly, monthly, quarterly and yearly intervals will always
start on the first day on week, month, quarter or year accordingly, and
will end on the last day of same period, even if associated period
expression specifies different explicit start and end date.
For example:
-p "weekly from 2009/1/1 to 2009/4/1" -- starts on 2008/12/29, closest
preceeding Monday -p "monthly in 2008/11/25" -- starts on 2018/11/01
-p "quarterly from 2009-05-05 to 2009-06-01" - starts on 2009/04/01,
ends on 2009/06/30, which are first and last days of Q2 2009
-p "yearly from 2009-12-29" - starts on 2009/01/01, first day of 2009
------------------------------------------
The following more complex report intervals are also supported:
biweekly, bimonthly, every N days|weeks|months|quarters|years,
every Nth day [of month], every Nth day of week.
biweekly, bimonthly, every day|week|month|quarter|year,
every N days|weeks|months|quarters|years.
All of these will start on the first day of the requested period and
end on the last one, as described above.
Examples:
-p "bimonthly from 2008"
-p "every 2 weeks"
-p "every 5 days from 1/3"
-p "bimonthly from 2008" -- periods
will have boundaries on 2008/01/01,
2008/03/01, ...
-p "every 2 weeks" -- starts on closest
preceeding Monday
-p "every 5 month from 2009/03" --
periods will have boundaries on
2009/03/01, 2009/08/01, ...
If you want intervals that start on arbitrary day of your choosing and
span a week, month or year, you need to use any of the following:
every Nth day of week, every <weekday>, every Nth day [of month],
every Nth weekday [of month], every MM/DD [of year],
every Nth MMM [of year], every MMM Nth [of year].
Examples:
-p "every 2nd day of week" -- periods
will go from Tue to Tue
-p "every Tue" -- same
-p "every 15th day" -- period bound-
aries will be on 15th of each month
-p "every 2nd Monday" -- period bound-
aries will be on second Monday of each
month
-p "every 11/05" -- yearly periods with
boundaries on 5th of Nov
-p "every 5th Nov" -- same
-p "every Nov 5th" -- same
Show historical balances at end of 15th each month (N is exclusive end
date):
@ -557,7 +611,7 @@ OPTIONS
$ hledger -f t.j bal euros -V -e 2016/12/21
$103.00 assets:euros
Currently, hledger's -V only uses market prices recorded with P direc-
Currently, hledger's -V only uses market prices recorded with P direc-
tives, not transaction prices (unlike Ledger).
Using -B and -V together is allowed.
@ -565,56 +619,56 @@ OPTIONS
Regular expressions
hledger uses regular expressions in a number of places:
o query terms, on the command line and in the hledger-web search form:
o query terms, on the command line and in the hledger-web search form:
REGEX, desc:REGEX, cur:REGEX, tag:...=REGEX
o CSV rules conditional blocks: if REGEX ...
o account alias directives and options: alias /REGEX/ = REPLACEMENT,
o account alias directives and options: alias /REGEX/ = REPLACEMENT,
--alias /REGEX/=REPLACEMENT
hledger's regular expressions come from the regex-tdfa library. In
hledger's regular expressions come from the regex-tdfa library. In
general they:
o are case insensitive
o are infix matching (do not need to match the entire thing being
o are infix matching (do not need to match the entire thing being
matched)
o are POSIX extended regular expressions
o also support GNU word boundaries (\<, \>, \b, \B)
o and parenthesised capturing groups and numeric backreferences in
o and parenthesised capturing groups and numeric backreferences in
replacement strings
o do not support mode modifiers like (?s)
Some things to note:
o In the alias directive and --alias option, regular expressions must
be enclosed in forward slashes (/REGEX/). Elsewhere in hledger,
o In the alias directive and --alias option, regular expressions must
be enclosed in forward slashes (/REGEX/). Elsewhere in hledger,
these are not required.
o In queries, to match a regular expression metacharacter like $ as a
literal character, prepend a backslash. Eg to search for amounts
o In queries, to match a regular expression metacharacter like $ as a
literal character, prepend a backslash. Eg to search for amounts
with the dollar sign in hledger-web, write cur:\$.
o On the command line, some metacharacters like $ have a special mean-
o On the command line, some metacharacters like $ have a special mean-
ing to the shell and so must be escaped at least once more. See Spe-
cial characters.
QUERIES
One of hledger's strengths is being able to quickly report on precise
subsets of your data. Most commands accept an optional query expres-
sion, written as arguments after the command name, to filter the data
by date, account name or other criteria. The syntax is similar to a
One of hledger's strengths is being able to quickly report on precise
subsets of your data. Most commands accept an optional query expres-
sion, written as arguments after the command name, to filter the data
by date, account name or other criteria. The syntax is similar to a
web search: one or more space-separated search terms, quotes to enclose
whitespace, prefixes to match specific fields, a not: prefix to negate
whitespace, prefixes to match specific fields, a not: prefix to negate
the match.
We do not yet support arbitrary boolean combinations of search terms;
instead most commands show transactions/postings/accounts which match
We do not yet support arbitrary boolean combinations of search terms;
instead most commands show transactions/postings/accounts which match
(or negatively match):
o any of the description terms AND
@ -635,32 +689,32 @@ QUERIES
o match all the other terms.
The following kinds of search terms can be used. Remember these can
The following kinds of search terms can be used. Remember these can
also be prefixed with not:, eg to exclude a particular subaccount.
REGEX match account names by this regular expression. (No prefix is
REGEX match account names by this regular expression. (No prefix is
equivalent to acct:).
acct:REGEX
same as above
amt:N, amt:<N, amt:<=N, amt:>N, amt:>=N
match postings with a single-commodity amount that is equal to,
less than, or greater than N. (Multi-commodity amounts are not
match postings with a single-commodity amount that is equal to,
less than, or greater than N. (Multi-commodity amounts are not
tested, and will always match.) The comparison has two modes: if
N is preceded by a + or - sign (or is 0), the two signed numbers
are compared. Otherwise, the absolute magnitudes are compared,
are compared. Otherwise, the absolute magnitudes are compared,
ignoring sign.
code:REGEX
match by transaction code (eg check number)
cur:REGEX
match postings or transactions including any amounts whose cur-
rency/commodity symbol is fully matched by REGEX. (For a par-
match postings or transactions including any amounts whose cur-
rency/commodity symbol is fully matched by REGEX. (For a par-
tial match, use .*REGEX.*). Note, to match characters which are
regex-significant, like the dollar sign ($), you need to prepend
\. And when using the command line you need to add one more
\. And when using the command line you need to add one more
level of quoting to hide it from the shell, so eg do:
hledger print cur:'\$' or hledger print cur:\\$.
@ -669,20 +723,20 @@ QUERIES
date:PERIODEXPR
match dates within the specified period. PERIODEXPR is a period
expression (with no report interval). Examples: date:2016,
date:thismonth, date:2000/2/1-2/15, date:lastweek-. If the
--date2 command line flag is present, this matches secondary
expression (with no report interval). Examples: date:2016,
date:thismonth, date:2000/2/1-2/15, date:lastweek-. If the
--date2 command line flag is present, this matches secondary
dates instead.
date2:PERIODEXPR
match secondary dates within the specified period.
depth:N
match (or display, depending on command) accounts at or above
match (or display, depending on command) accounts at or above
this depth
note:REGEX
match transaction notes (part of description right of |, or
match transaction notes (part of description right of |, or
whole description when there's no |)
payee:REGEX
@ -696,38 +750,38 @@ QUERIES
match unmarked, pending, or cleared transactions respectively
tag:REGEX[=REGEX]
match by tag name, and optionally also by tag value. Note a
tag: query is considered to match a transaction if it matches
any of the postings. Also remember that postings inherit the
match by tag name, and optionally also by tag value. Note a
tag: query is considered to match a transaction if it matches
any of the postings. Also remember that postings inherit the
tags of their parent transaction.
The following special search term is used automatically in hledger-web,
only:
inacct:ACCTNAME
tells hledger-web to show the transaction register for this
tells hledger-web to show the transaction register for this
account. Can be filtered further with acct etc.
Some of these can also be expressed as command-line options (eg depth:2
is equivalent to --depth 2). Generally you can mix options and query
arguments, and the resulting query will be their intersection (perhaps
is equivalent to --depth 2). Generally you can mix options and query
arguments, and the resulting query will be their intersection (perhaps
excluding the -p/--period option).
COMMANDS
hledger provides a number of subcommands; hledger with no arguments
hledger provides a number of subcommands; hledger with no arguments
shows a list.
If you install additional hledger-* packages, or if you put programs or
scripts named hledger-NAME in your PATH, these will also be listed as
scripts named hledger-NAME in your PATH, these will also be listed as
subcommands.
Run a subcommand by writing its name as first argument (eg
Run a subcommand by writing its name as first argument (eg
hledger incomestatement). You can also write one of the standard short
aliases displayed in parentheses in the command list (hledger b), or
aliases displayed in parentheses in the command list (hledger b), or
any any unambiguous prefix of a command name (hledger inc).
Here are all the builtin commands in alphabetical order. See also
hledger for a more organised command list, and hledger CMD -h for
Here are all the builtin commands in alphabetical order. See also
hledger for a more organised command list, and hledger CMD -h for
detailed command help.
accounts
@ -740,14 +794,14 @@ COMMANDS
--drop=N
in flat mode: omit N leading account name parts
This command lists all account names that are in use (ie, all the
accounts which have at least one transaction posting to them). With
This command lists all account names that are in use (ie, all the
accounts which have at least one transaction posting to them). With
query arguments, only matched account names are shown.
It shows a flat list by default. With --tree, it uses indentation to
It shows a flat list by default. With --tree, it uses indentation to
show the account hierarchy.
In flat mode you can add --drop N to omit the first few account name
In flat mode you can add --drop N to omit the first few account name
components.
Examples:
@ -790,8 +844,8 @@ COMMANDS
activity
Show an ascii barchart of posting counts per interval.
The activity command displays an ascii histogram showing transaction
counts by day, week, month or other reporting interval (by day is the
The activity command displays an ascii histogram showing transaction
counts by day, week, month or other reporting interval (by day is the
default). With query arguments, it counts only matched transactions.
$ hledger activity --quarterly
@ -804,24 +858,24 @@ COMMANDS
Prompt for transactions and add them to the journal.
--no-new-accounts
don't allow creating new accounts; helps prevent typos when
don't allow creating new accounts; helps prevent typos when
entering account names
Many hledger users edit their journals directly with a text editor, or
generate them from CSV. For more interactive data entry, there is the
add command, which prompts interactively on the console for new trans-
actions, and appends them to the journal file (if there are multiple
Many hledger users edit their journals directly with a text editor, or
generate them from CSV. For more interactive data entry, there is the
add command, which prompts interactively on the console for new trans-
actions, and appends them to the journal file (if there are multiple
-f FILE options, the first file is used.) Existing transactions are not
changed. This is the only hledger command that writes to the journal
changed. This is the only hledger command that writes to the journal
file.
To use it, just run hledger add and follow the prompts. You can add as
many transactions as you like; when you are finished, enter . or press
many transactions as you like; when you are finished, enter . or press
control-d or control-c to exit.
Features:
o add tries to provide useful defaults, using the most similar recent
o add tries to provide useful defaults, using the most similar recent
transaction (by description) as a template.
o You can also set the initial defaults with command line arguments.
@ -829,20 +883,20 @@ COMMANDS
o Readline-style edit keys can be used during data entry.
o The tab key will auto-complete whenever possible - accounts, descrip-
tions, dates (yesterday, today, tomorrow). If the input area is
tions, dates (yesterday, today, tomorrow). If the input area is
empty, it will insert the default value.
o If the journal defines a default commodity, it will be added to any
o If the journal defines a default commodity, it will be added to any
bare numbers entered.
o A parenthesised transaction code may be entered following a date.
o Comments and tags may be entered following a description or amount.
o If you make a mistake, enter < at any prompt to restart the transac-
o If you make a mistake, enter < at any prompt to restart the transac-
tion.
o Input prompts are displayed in a different colour when the terminal
o Input prompts are displayed in a different colour when the terminal
supports it.
Example (see the tutorial for a detailed explanation):
@ -879,7 +933,7 @@ COMMANDS
show balance change in each period (default)
--cumulative
show balance change accumulated across periods (in multicolumn
show balance change accumulated across periods (in multicolumn
reports)
-H --historical
@ -914,17 +968,17 @@ COMMANDS
select the output format. Supported formats: txt, csv.
-o FILE --output-file=FILE
write output to FILE. A file extension matching one of the
write output to FILE. A file extension matching one of the
above formats selects that format.
--pretty-tables
Use unicode to display prettier tables.
--sort-amount
Sort by amount (total row amount, or by average if that is dis-
Sort by amount (total row amount, or by average if that is dis-
played), instead of account name (in flat mode)
The balance command displays accounts and balances. It is hledger's
The balance command displays accounts and balances. It is hledger's
most featureful and versatile command.
$ hledger balance
@ -941,25 +995,25 @@ COMMANDS
--------------------
0
More precisely, the balance command shows the change to each account's
More precisely, the balance command shows the change to each account's
balance caused by all (matched) postings. In the common case where you
do not filter by date and your journal sets the correct opening bal-
do not filter by date and your journal sets the correct opening bal-
ances, this is the same as the account's ending balance.
By default, accounts are displayed hierarchically, with subaccounts
By default, accounts are displayed hierarchically, with subaccounts
indented below their parent. "Boring" accounts, which contain a single
interesting subaccount and no balance of their own, are elided into the
following line for more compact output. (Use --no-elide to prevent
this. Eliding of boring accounts is not yet supported in multicolumn
following line for more compact output. (Use --no-elide to prevent
this. Eliding of boring accounts is not yet supported in multicolumn
reports.)
Each account's balance is the "inclusive" balance - it includes the
Each account's balance is the "inclusive" balance - it includes the
balances of any subaccounts.
Accounts which have zero balance (and no non-zero subaccounts) are
Accounts which have zero balance (and no non-zero subaccounts) are
omitted. Use -E/--empty to show them.
A final total is displayed by default; use -N/--no-total to suppress
A final total is displayed by default; use -N/--no-total to suppress
it:
$ hledger balance -p 2008/6 expenses --no-total
@ -969,9 +1023,9 @@ COMMANDS
Flat mode
To see a flat list of full account names instead of the default hierar-
chical display, use --flat. In this mode, accounts (unless
chical display, use --flat. In this mode, accounts (unless
depth-clipped) show their "exclusive" balance, excluding any subaccount
balances. In this mode, you can also use --drop N to omit the first
balances. In this mode, you can also use --drop N to omit the first
few account name components.
$ hledger balance -p 2008/6 expenses -N --flat --drop 1
@ -979,9 +1033,9 @@ COMMANDS
$1 supplies
Depth limited balance reports
With --depth N, balance shows accounts only to the specified depth.
This is very useful to show a complex charts of accounts in less
detail. In flat mode, balances from accounts below the depth limit
With --depth N, balance shows accounts only to the specified depth.
This is very useful to show a complex charts of accounts in less
detail. In flat mode, balances from accounts below the depth limit
will be shown as part of a parent account at the depth limit.
$ hledger balance -N --depth 1
@ -991,12 +1045,12 @@ COMMANDS
$1 liabilities
Multicolumn balance reports
With a reporting interval, multiple balance columns will be shown, one
for each report period. There are three types of multi-column balance
With a reporting interval, multiple balance columns will be shown, one
for each report period. There are three types of multi-column balance
report, showing different information:
1. By default: each column shows the sum of postings in that period, ie
the account's change of balance in that period. This is useful eg
the account's change of balance in that period. This is useful eg
for a monthly income statement:
$ hledger balance --quarterly income expenses -E
@ -1011,8 +1065,8 @@ COMMANDS
-------------------++---------------------------------
|| $-1 $1 0 0
2. With --cumulative: each column shows the ending balance for that
period, accumulating the changes across periods, starting from 0 at
2. With --cumulative: each column shows the ending balance for that
period, accumulating the changes across periods, starting from 0 at
the report start date:
$ hledger balance --quarterly income expenses -E --cumulative
@ -1028,8 +1082,8 @@ COMMANDS
|| $-1 0 0 0
3. With --historical/-H: each column shows the actual historical ending
balance for that period, accumulating the changes across periods,
starting from the actual balance at the report start date. This is
balance for that period, accumulating the changes across periods,
starting from the actual balance at the report start date. This is
useful eg for a multi-period balance sheet, and when you are showing
only the data after a certain start date:
@ -1045,26 +1099,26 @@ COMMANDS
----------------------++-------------------------------------
|| 0 0 0
Multi-column balance reports display accounts in flat mode by default;
Multi-column balance reports display accounts in flat mode by default;
to see the hierarchy, use --tree.
With a reporting interval (like --quarterly above), the report
start/end dates will be adjusted if necessary so that they encompass
With a reporting interval (like --quarterly above), the report
start/end dates will be adjusted if necessary so that they encompass
the displayed report periods. This is so that the first and last peri-
ods will be "full" and comparable to the others.
The -E/--empty flag does two things in multicolumn balance reports:
first, the report will show all columns within the specified report
period (without -E, leading and trailing columns with all zeroes are
not shown). Second, all accounts which existed at the report start
date will be considered, not just the ones with activity during the
The -E/--empty flag does two things in multicolumn balance reports:
first, the report will show all columns within the specified report
period (without -E, leading and trailing columns with all zeroes are
not shown). Second, all accounts which existed at the report start
date will be considered, not just the ones with activity during the
report period (use -E to include low-activity accounts which would oth-
erwise would be omitted).
The -T/--row-total flag adds an additional column showing the total for
each row.
The -A/--average flag adds a column showing the average value in each
The -A/--average flag adds a column showing the average value in each
row.
Here's an example of all three:
@ -1086,7 +1140,7 @@ COMMANDS
# Average is rounded to the dollar here since all journal amounts are
Custom balance output
In simple (non-multi-column) balance reports, you can customise the
In simple (non-multi-column) balance reports, you can customise the
output with --format FMT:
$ hledger balance --format "%20(account) %12(total)"
@ -1104,7 +1158,7 @@ COMMANDS
0
The FMT format string (plus a newline) specifies the formatting applied
to each account/balance pair. It may contain any suitable text, with
to each account/balance pair. It may contain any suitable text, with
data fields interpolated like so:
%[MIN][.MAX](FIELDNAME)
@ -1115,14 +1169,14 @@ COMMANDS
o FIELDNAME must be enclosed in parentheses, and can be one of:
o depth_spacer - a number of spaces equal to the account's depth, or
o depth_spacer - a number of spaces equal to the account's depth, or
if MIN is specified, MIN * depth spaces.
o account - the account's name
o total - the account's balance/posted total, right justified
Also, FMT can begin with an optional prefix to control how multi-com-
Also, FMT can begin with an optional prefix to control how multi-com-
modity amounts are rendered:
o %_ - render on multiple lines, bottom-aligned (the default)
@ -1131,7 +1185,7 @@ COMMANDS
o %, - render on one line, comma-separated
There are some quirks. Eg in one-line mode, %(depth_spacer) has no
There are some quirks. Eg in one-line mode, %(depth_spacer) has no
effect, instead %(account) has indentation built in.
Experimentation may be needed to get pleasing results.
@ -1139,14 +1193,14 @@ COMMANDS
o %(total) - the account's total
o %-20.20(account) - the account's name, left justified, padded to 20
o %-20.20(account) - the account's name, left justified, padded to 20
characters and clipped at 20 characters
o %,%-50(account) %25(total) - account name padded to 50 characters,
total padded to 20 characters, with multiple commodities rendered on
o %,%-50(account) %25(total) - account name padded to 50 characters,
total padded to 20 characters, with multiple commodities rendered on
one line
o %20(total) %2(depth_spacer)%-(account) - the default format for the
o %20(total) %2(depth_spacer)%-(account) - the default format for the
single-column balance report
Colour support
@ -1157,8 +1211,8 @@ COMMANDS
o the output is not being redirected or piped anywhere
Output destination
The balance, print, register and stats commands can write their output
to a destination other than the console. This is controlled by the
The balance, print, register and stats commands can write their output
to a destination other than the console. This is controlled by the
-o/--output-file option.
$ hledger balance -o - # write to stdout (the default)
@ -1166,8 +1220,8 @@ COMMANDS
CSV output
The balance, print and register commands can write their output as CSV.
This is useful for exporting data to other applications, eg to make
charts in a spreadsheet. This is controlled by the -O/--output-format
This is useful for exporting data to other applications, eg to make
charts in a spreadsheet. This is controlled by the -O/--output-format
option, or by specifying a .csv file extension with -o/--output-file.
$ hledger balance -O csv # write CSV to stdout
@ -1181,7 +1235,7 @@ COMMANDS
balances
--cumulative
show balance change accumulated across periods (in multicolumn
show balance change accumulated across periods (in multicolumn
reports), instead of historical ending balances
-H --historical
@ -1215,8 +1269,8 @@ COMMANDS
--sort-amount
sort by amount instead of account name
This command displays a simple balance sheet. It currently assumes
that you have top-level accounts named asset and liability (plural
This command displays a simple balance sheet. It currently assumes
that you have top-level accounts named asset and liability (plural
forms also allowed.)
$ hledger balancesheet
@ -1239,19 +1293,19 @@ COMMANDS
0
With a reporting interval, multiple columns will be shown, one for each
report period. As with multicolumn balance reports, you can alter the
report mode with --change/--cumulative/--historical. Normally bal-
ancesheet shows historical ending balances, which is what you need for
report period. As with multicolumn balance reports, you can alter the
report mode with --change/--cumulative/--historical. Normally bal-
ancesheet shows historical ending balances, which is what you need for
a balance sheet; note this means it ignores report begin dates.
balancesheetequity
Show a balance sheet including equity. Alias: bse.
Other than showing the equity accounts, this command is exactly the
Other than showing the equity accounts, this command is exactly the
same as the command balancesheet. Please refer to it for the available
options.
This command displays a balancesheet. It currently assumes that you
This command displays a balancesheet. It currently assumes that you
have top-level accounts named asset, liability and equity (plural forms
also allowed.)
@ -1286,7 +1340,7 @@ COMMANDS
show balance change in each period (default)
--cumulative
show balance change accumulated across periods (in multicolumn
show balance change accumulated across periods (in multicolumn
reports), instead of changes during periods
-H --historical
@ -1390,7 +1444,7 @@ COMMANDS
...
import
Read new transactions added to each FILE since last run, and add them
Read new transactions added to each FILE since last run, and add them
to the main journal file.
--dry-run
@ -1404,7 +1458,7 @@ COMMANDS
ing transactions are always added to the input files in increasing date
order, and by saving .latest.FILE state files.
The --dry-run output is in journal format, so you can filter it, eg to
The --dry-run output is in journal format, so you can filter it, eg to
see only uncategorised transactions:
$ hledger import --dry ... | hledger -f- print unknown --ignore-assertions
@ -1416,7 +1470,7 @@ COMMANDS
show balance change in each period (default)
--cumulative
show balance change accumulated across periods (in multicolumn
show balance change accumulated across periods (in multicolumn
reports), instead of changes during periods
-H --historical
@ -1896,16 +1950,16 @@ TROUBLESHOOTING
that is ~/.local/bin and ~/.cabal/bin respectively.
I set a custom LEDGER_FILE, but hledger is still using the default file
LEDGER_FILE should be a real environment variable, not just a shell
variable. The command env | grep LEDGER_FILE should show it. You may
LEDGER_FILE should be a real environment variable, not just a shell
variable. The command env | grep LEDGER_FILE should show it. You may
need to use export. Here's an explanation.
"Illegal byte sequence" or "Invalid or incomplete multibyte or wide
"Illegal byte sequence" or "Invalid or incomplete multibyte or wide
character" errors
In order to handle non-ascii letters and symbols (like ), hledger needs
an appropriate locale. This is usually configured system-wide; you can
also configure it temporarily. The locale may need to be one that sup-
ports UTF-8, if you built hledger with GHC < 7.2 (or possibly always,
ports UTF-8, if you built hledger with GHC < 7.2 (or possibly always,
I'm not sure yet).
Here's an example of setting the locale temporarily, on ubuntu
@ -1924,7 +1978,7 @@ TROUBLESHOOTING
$ echo "export LANG=en_US.UTF-8" >>~/.bash_profile
$ bash --login
If we preferred to use eg fr_FR.utf8, we might have to install that
If we preferred to use eg fr_FR.utf8, we might have to install that
first:
$ apt-get install language-pack-fr
@ -1945,7 +1999,7 @@ TROUBLESHOOTING
REPORTING BUGS
Report bugs at http://bugs.hledger.org (or on the #hledger IRC channel
Report bugs at http://bugs.hledger.org (or on the #hledger IRC channel
or hledger mail list)
@ -1959,7 +2013,7 @@ COPYRIGHT
SEE ALSO
hledger(1), hledger-ui(1), hledger-web(1), hledger-api(1),
hledger(1), hledger-ui(1), hledger-web(1), hledger-api(1),
hledger_csv(5), hledger_journal(5), hledger_timeclock(5), hledger_time-
dot(5), ledger(1)