site: remove site/, which has moved to its own hledger_site repo

[ci skip]
This commit is contained in:
Simon Michael 2019-08-22 11:37:26 -07:00
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site/.gitignore vendored
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_cache
_site
files/downloads
files/static
hledger-api.md
hledger-ui.md
hledger-web.md
hledger.md
csv.md
journal.md
timeclock.md
timedot.md
manual.md
cookbook.md
[0-9].*
.snapshot

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../CONTRIBUTING.md

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This is the README for the site/ directory.
(Confusingly, README.md from the parent directory is also symlinked
here, to get it rendered as part of the website, and it might take
precedence when viewing this dir on github.)
Source files for the hledger.org website.
To generate the website, run ./Shake website.
This will add the web manuals' markdown to this directory,
render all markdown as html, and copy static files, to site/_site/.

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../README.md

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# hledger Contributors
hledger is brought to you by:
- Simon Michael - lead developer, project manager, general dogsbody
- Sergey Astanin - utf8 support
- Nick Ingolia - parser improvements
- Roman Cheplyaka - "chart" command, "add" command improvements
- Michael Snoyman - some additions to the Yesod web interface
- Marko Kocić - hlint cleanup
- Samuel May - exact assertions
Developers who have not yet signed the contributor agreement:
- Tim Docker - parser improvements
- Oliver Braun - GHC 6.12 compatibility
- Gwern Branwen - cleanups
Also:
- John Wiegley - created the original ledger program
<br>
* * * * *
<br>
# hledger Contributor Agreement
This is the official contributor agreement (v1) and contributor list for
the hledger project. If you have contributed non-trivial code changes to
hledger, please sign this, to help ensure:
1. that there is a clear legal status and audit trail for the project
2. that you get proper credit for your work
3. that we are able to remain license-compatible with related software
by updating to newer versions of our license when appropriate (eg
GPLv2 -\> GPLv3)
To "sign", read the conditions below and then send a darcs patch to
\`this file\`\_ adding your name to the Contributor List above. By so
doing you promise that all of your commits to hledger:
- are free of patent violations or copyright violations, to the best
of your knowledge
- are released under the hledger project's
[license](https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/blob/master/LICENSE); or are released
under another compatible license (in which case this must be clearly
noted); or are public domain
- may be relicensed under official future versions of their license at
the discretion of the project leader
We don't currently gather paper signatures, but this is a good start.
Feel free to update your entry as your contributions grow!

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# csv format
This doc is for version **1.0**. <span class="docversions"></span>
\$toc\$
## NAME
CSV - how hledger reads CSV data, and the CSV rules file format
## DESCRIPTION
hledger can read
[CSV](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_values) files,
converting each CSV record into a journal entry (transaction), if you
provide some conversion hints in a "rules file". This file should be
named like the CSV file with an additional `.rules` suffix (eg:
`mybank.csv.rules`); or, you can specify the file with
`--rules-file PATH`. hledger will create it if necessary, with some
default rules which you'll need to adjust. At minimum, the rules file
must specify the `date` and `amount` fields. For an example, see [How to
read CSV files](how-to-read-csv-files.html).
To learn about *exporting* CSV, see [CSV
output](hledger.html#csv-output).
## CSV RULES
The following six kinds of rule can appear in the rules file, in any
order. Blank lines and lines beginning with `#` or `;` are ignored.
### skip
`skip`*`N`*
Skip this number of CSV records at the beginning. You'll need this
whenever your CSV data contains header lines. Eg: <!-- XXX -->
<!-- hledger tries to skip initial CSV header lines automatically. -->
<!-- If it guesses wrong, use this directive to skip exactly N lines. -->
<!-- This can also be used in a conditional block to ignore certain CSV records. -->
``` {.rules}
# ignore the first CSV line
skip 1
```
### date-format
`date-format`*`DATEFMT`*
When your CSV date fields are not formatted like `YYYY/MM/DD` (or
`YYYY-MM-DD` or `YYYY.MM.DD`), you'll need to specify the format.
DATEFMT is a [strptime-like date parsing
pattern](http://hackage.haskell.org/packages/archive/time/latest/doc/html/Data-Time-Format.html#v:formatTime),
which must parse the date field values completely. Examples:
``` {.rules .display-table}
# for dates like "6/11/2013":
date-format %-d/%-m/%Y
```
``` {.rules .display-table}
# for dates like "11/06/2013":
date-format %m/%d/%Y
```
``` {.rules .display-table}
# for dates like "2013-Nov-06":
date-format %Y-%h-%d
```
``` {.rules .display-table}
# for dates like "11/6/2013 11:32 PM":
date-format %-m/%-d/%Y %l:%M %p
```
### field list
`fields`*`FIELDNAME1`*, *`FIELDNAME2`*...
This (a) names the CSV fields, in order (names may not contain
whitespace; uninteresting names may be left blank), and (b) assigns them
to journal entry fields if you use any of these standard field names:
`date`, `date2`, `status`, `code`, `description`, `comment`, `account1`,
`account2`, `amount`, `amount-in`, `amount-out`, `currency`. Eg:
``` {.rules}
# use the 1st, 2nd and 4th CSV fields as the entry's date, description and amount,
# and give the 7th and 8th fields meaningful names for later reference:
#
# CSV field:
# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
# entry field:
fields date, description, , amount, , , somefield, anotherfield
```
### field assignment
*`ENTRYFIELDNAME`* *`FIELDVALUE`*
This sets a journal entry field (one of the standard names above) to the
given text value, which can include CSV field values interpolated by
name (`%CSVFIELDNAME`) or 1-based position (`%N`).
<!-- Whitespace before or after the value is ignored. --> Eg:
``` {.rules .display-table}
# set the amount to the 4th CSV field with "USD " prepended
amount USD %4
```
``` {.rules .display-table}
# combine three fields to make a comment (containing two tags)
comment note: %somefield - %anotherfield, date: %1
```
Field assignments can be used instead of or in addition to a field list.
### conditional block
`if` *`PATTERN`*\
    *`FIELDASSIGNMENTS`*...
`if`\
*`PATTERN`*\
*`PATTERN`*...\
    *`FIELDASSIGNMENTS`*...
This applies one or more field assignments, only to those CSV records
matched by one of the PATTERNs. The patterns are case-insensitive
regular expressions which match anywhere within the whole CSV record
(it's not yet possible to match within a specific field). When there are
multiple patterns they can be written on separate lines, unindented. The
field assignments are on separate lines indented by at least one space.
Examples:
``` {.rules .display-table}
# if the CSV record contains "groceries", set account2 to "expenses:groceries"
if groceries
account2 expenses:groceries
```
``` {.rules .display-table}
# if the CSV record contains any of these patterns, set account2 and comment as shown
if
monthly service fee
atm transaction fee
banking thru software
account2 expenses:business:banking
comment XXX deductible ? check it
```
### include
`include`*`RULESFILE`*
Include another rules file at this point. `RULESFILE` is either an
absolute file path or a path relative to the current file's directory.
Eg:
``` {.rules}
# rules reused with several CSV files
include common.rules
```
## TIPS
Each generated journal entry will have two postings, to `account1` and
`account2` respectively. Currently it's not possible to generate entries
with more than two postings.
If the CSV has debit/credit amounts in separate fields, assign to the
`amount-in` and `amount-out` pseudo fields instead of `amount`.
If the CSV has the currency in a separate field, assign that to the
`currency` pseudo field which will be automatically prepended to the
amount. (Or you can do the same thing with a field assignment.)
If an amount value is parenthesised, it will be de-parenthesised and
sign-flipped automatically.
The generated journal entries will be sorted by date. The original order
of same-day entries will be preserved, usually.
<!-- (by reversing the CSV entries if they seem to be in reverse date order). -->

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@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
# hledger-api
This doc is for version **1.0**. <span class="docversions"></span>
\$toc\$
## NAME
hledger-api - web API server for the hledger accounting tool
## SYNOPSIS
`hledger-api [OPTIONS]`\
`hledger-api --swagger`\
`hledger api -- [OPTIONS]`
## DESCRIPTION
hledger is a cross-platform program for tracking money, time, or any
other commodity, using double-entry accounting and a simple, editable
file format. hledger is inspired by and largely compatible with
ledger(1).
hledger-api is a simple web API server, intended to support client-side
web apps operating on hledger data. It comes with a series of simple
client-side app examples, which drive its evolution.
Like hledger, it reads data from one or more files in hledger journal,
timeclock, timedot, or CSV format specified with `-f`, or
`$LEDGER_FILE`, or `$HOME/.hledger.journal` (on windows, perhaps
`C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal`). For more about this see hledger(1),
hledger\_journal(5) etc.
The server listens on port 8001, or another specified with `-p PORT`.
Note there is no built-in access control, so you will need to hide
hledger-api behind an authenticating proxy if you want to restrict
access.
If invoked as `hledger-api --swagger`, instead of starting a server the
API docs will be printed in Swagger 2.0 format.
## OPTIONS
Note: if invoking hledger-api as a hledger subcommand, write `--` before
options as shown above.
`-d --static-dir=DIR`
: serve files from a different directory (default: `.`)
`-p --port=PORT`
: use a different TCP port (default: 8001)
`--swagger`
: print API docs in Swagger 2.0 format, and exit
hledger general options:
`-h`
: show general usage (or after COMMAND, the command's usage)
`--help`
: show the current program's manual as plain text (or after an add-on
COMMAND, the add-on's manual)
`--man`
: show the current program's manual with man
`--info`
: show the current program's manual with info
`--version`
: show version
`--debug[=N]`
: show debug output (levels 1-9, default: 1)
`-f FILE --file=FILE`
: use a different input file. For stdin, use -
`--rules-file=RULESFILE`
: Conversion rules file to use when reading CSV (default: FILE.rules)
`--alias=OLD=NEW`
: display accounts named OLD as NEW
`-I --ignore-assertions`
: ignore any failing balance assertions in the journal
## ENVIRONMENT
**LEDGER\_FILE** The journal file path when not specified with `-f`.
Default: `~/.hledger.journal` (on windows, perhaps
`C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal`).
## FILES
Reads data from one or more files in hledger journal, timeclock,
timedot, or CSV format specified with `-f`, or `$LEDGER_FILE`, or
`$HOME/.hledger.journal` (on windows, perhaps
`C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal`).
## BUGS
The need to precede options with `--` when invoked from hledger is
awkward.

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@ -1,352 +0,0 @@
# hledger-ui
This doc is for version **1.0**. <span class="docversions"></span>
\$toc\$
## NAME
hledger-ui - curses-style interface for the hledger accounting tool
## SYNOPSIS
`hledger-ui [OPTIONS] [QUERYARGS]`\
`hledger ui -- [OPTIONS] [QUERYARGS]`
## DESCRIPTION
hledger is a cross-platform program for tracking money, time, or any
other commodity, using double-entry accounting and a simple, editable
file format. hledger is inspired by and largely compatible with
ledger(1).
hledger-ui is hledger's curses-style interface, providing an efficient
full-window text UI for viewing accounts and transactions, and some
limited data entry capability. It is easier than hledger's command-line
interface, and sometimes quicker and more convenient than the web
interface.
Like hledger, it reads data from one or more files in hledger journal,
timeclock, timedot, or CSV format specified with `-f`, or
`$LEDGER_FILE`, or `$HOME/.hledger.journal` (on windows, perhaps
`C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal`). For more about this see hledger(1),
hledger\_journal(5) etc.
## OPTIONS
Note: if invoking hledger-ui as a hledger subcommand, write `--` before
options as shown above.
Any QUERYARGS are interpreted as a hledger search query which filters
the data.
`--flat`
: show full account names, unindented
`--register=ACCTREGEX`
: start in the (first) matched account's register screen
`--theme=default|terminal|greenterm`
: use this custom display theme
`-V --value`
: show amounts as their current market value in their default
valuation commodity (accounts screen only)
hledger general options:
`-h`
: show general usage (or after COMMAND, the command's usage)
`--help`
: show the current program's manual as plain text (or after an add-on
COMMAND, the add-on's manual)
`--man`
: show the current program's manual with man
`--info`
: show the current program's manual with info
`--version`
: show version
`--debug[=N]`
: show debug output (levels 1-9, default: 1)
`-f FILE --file=FILE`
: use a different input file. For stdin, use -
`--rules-file=RULESFILE`
: Conversion rules file to use when reading CSV (default: FILE.rules)
`--alias=OLD=NEW`
: display accounts named OLD as NEW
`-I --ignore-assertions`
: ignore any failing balance assertions in the journal
hledger reporting options:
`-b --begin=DATE`
: include postings/txns on or after this date
`-e --end=DATE`
: include postings/txns before this date
`-D --daily`
: multiperiod/multicolumn report by day
`-W --weekly`
: multiperiod/multicolumn report by week
`-M --monthly`
: multiperiod/multicolumn report by month
`-Q --quarterly`
: multiperiod/multicolumn report by quarter
`-Y --yearly`
: multiperiod/multicolumn report by year
`-p --period=PERIODEXP`
: set start date, end date, and/or reporting interval all at once
(overrides the flags above)
`--date2`
: show, and match with -b/-e/-p/date:, secondary dates instead
`-C --cleared`
: include only cleared postings/txns
`--pending`
: include only pending postings/txns
`-U --uncleared`
: include only uncleared (and pending) postings/txns
`-R --real`
: include only non-virtual postings
`--depth=N`
: hide accounts/postings deeper than N
`-E --empty`
: show items with zero amount, normally hidden
`-B --cost`
: convert amounts to their cost at transaction time (using the
[transaction price](journal.html#transaction-prices), if any)
`--pivot TAG`
: will transform the journal before any other processing by replacing
the account name of every posting having the tag TAG with content
VALUE by the account name "TAG:VALUE". The TAG will only match if it
is a full-length match. The pivot will only happen if the TAG is on
a posting, not if it is on the transaction. If the tag value is a
multi:level:account:name the new account name will
be "TAG:multi:level:account:name".
`--anon`
: show anonymized accounts and payees
## KEYS
`?` shows a help dialog listing all keys. (Some of these also appear in
the quick help at the bottom of each screen.) Press `?` again (or
`ESCAPE`, or `LEFT`) to close it. The following keys work on most
screens:
The cursor keys navigate: `right` (or `enter`) goes deeper, `left`
returns to the previous screen,
`up`/`down`/`page up`/`page down`/`home`/`end` move up and down through
lists. Vi-style `h`/`j`/`k`/`l` movement keys are also supported. A tip:
movement speed is limited by your keyboard repeat rate, to move faster
you may want to adjust it. (If you're on a mac, the Karabiner app is one
way to do that.)
With shift pressed, the cursor keys adjust the report period, limiting
the transactions to be shown (by default, all are shown).
`shift-down/up` steps downward and upward through these standard report
period durations: year, quarter, month, week, day. Then,
`shift-left/right` moves to the previous/next period. `t` sets the
report period to today. (To set a non-standard period, you can use `/`
and a `date:` query).
`/` lets you set a general filter query limiting the data shown, using
the same [query terms](/hledger.html#queries) as in hledger and
hledger-web. While editing the query, you can use [CTRL-a/e/d/k, BS,
cursor
keys](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/brick-0.7/docs/Brick-Widgets-Edit.html#t:Editor);
press `ENTER` to set it, or `ESCAPE`to cancel. There are also keys for
quickly adjusting some common filters like account depth and
cleared/uncleared (see below). `BACKSPACE` or `DELETE` removes all
filters, showing all transactions.
`ESCAPE` removes all filters and jumps back to the top screen. Or, it
cancels a minibuffer edit or help dialog in progress.
`g` reloads from the data file(s) and updates the current screen and any
previous screens. (With large files, this could cause a noticeable
pause.)
`I` toggles balance assertion checking. Disabling balance assertions
temporarily can be useful for troubleshooting.
`a` runs command-line hledger's add command, and reloads the updated
file. This allows some basic data entry.
`E` runs \$HLEDGER\_UI\_EDITOR, or \$EDITOR, or a default
(`emacsclient -a "" -nw`) on the journal file. With some editors (emacs,
vi), the cursor will be positioned at the current transaction when
invoked from the register and transaction screens, and at the error
location (if possible) when invoked from the error screen.
`q` quits the application.
Additional screen-specific keys are described below.
## SCREENS
### Accounts screen
This is normally the first screen displayed. It lists accounts and their
balances, like hledger's balance command. By default, it shows all
accounts and their latest ending balances (including the balances of
subaccounts). if you specify a query on the command line, it shows just
the matched accounts and the balances from matched transactions.
Account names are normally indented to show the hierarchy (tree mode).
To see less detail, set a depth limit by pressing a number key, `1` to
`9`. `0` shows even less detail, collapsing all accounts to a single
total. `-` and `+` (or `=`) decrease and increase the depth limit. To
remove the depth limit, set it higher than the maximum account depth, or
press `ESCAPE`.
`F` toggles flat mode, in which accounts are shown as a flat list, with
their full names. In this mode, account balances exclude subaccounts,
except for accounts at the depth limit (as with hledger's balance
command).
`H` toggles between showing historical balances or period balances.
Historical balances (the default) are ending balances at the end of the
report period, taking into account all transactions before that date
(filtered by the filter query if any), including transactions before the
start of the report period. In other words, historical balances are what
you would see on a bank statement for that account (unless disturbed by
a filter query). Period balances ignore transactions before the report
start date, so they show the change in balance during the report period.
They are more useful eg when viewing a time log.
`C` toggles cleared mode, in which [uncleared transactions and
postings](/journal.html#transactions) are not shown. `U` toggles
uncleared mode, in which only uncleared transactions/postings are shown.
`R` toggles real mode, in which [virtual
postings](/journal.html#virtual-postings) are ignored.
`Z` toggles nonzero mode, in which only accounts with nonzero balances
are shown (hledger-ui shows zero items by default, unlike command-line
hledger).
Press `right` or `enter` to view an account's transactions register.
### Register screen
This screen shows the transactions affecting a particular account, like
a check register. Each line represents one transaction and shows:
- the other account(s) involved, in abbreviated form. (If there are
both real and virtual postings, it shows only the accounts affected
by real postings.)
- the overall change to the current account's balance; positive for an
inflow to this account, negative for an outflow.
- the running historical total or period total for the current
account, after the transaction. This can be toggled with `H`.
Similar to the accounts screen, the historical total is affected by
transactions (filtered by the filter query) before the report start
date, while the period total is not. If the historical total is not
disturbed by a filter query, it will be the running historical
balance you would see on a bank register for the current account.
If the accounts screen was in tree mode, the register screen will
include transactions from both the current account and its subaccounts.
If the accounts screen was in flat mode, and a non-depth-clipped account
was selected, the register screen will exclude transactions from
subaccounts. In other words, the register always shows the transactions
responsible for the period balance shown on the accounts screen. As on
the accounts screen, this can be toggled with `F`.
`C` toggles cleared mode, in which [uncleared transactions and
postings](/journal.html#transactions) are not shown. `U` toggles
uncleared mode, in which only uncleared transactions/postings are shown.
`R` toggles real mode, in which [virtual
postings](/journal.html#virtual-postings) are ignored.
`Z` toggles nonzero mode, in which only transactions posting a nonzero
change are shown (hledger-ui shows zero items by default, unlike
command-line hledger).
Press `right` (or `enter`) to view the selected transaction in detail.
### Transaction screen
This screen shows a single transaction, as a general journal entry,
similar to hledger's print command and journal format
(hledger\_journal(5)).
The transaction's date(s) and any cleared flag, transaction code,
description, comments, along with all of its account postings are shown.
Simple transactions have two postings, but there can be more (or in
certain cases, fewer).
`up` and `down` will step through all transactions listed in the
previous account register screen. In the title bar, the numbers in
parentheses show your position within that account register. They will
vary depending on which account register you came from (remember most
transactions appear in multiple account registers). The \#N number
preceding them is the transaction's position within the complete
unfiltered journal, which is a more stable id (at least until the next
reload).
### Error screen
This screen will appear if there is a problem, such as a parse error,
when you press g to reload. Once you have fixed the problem, press g
again to reload and resume normal operation. (Or, you can press escape
to cancel the reload attempt.)
## ENVIRONMENT
**COLUMNS** The screen width to use. Default: the full terminal width.
**LEDGER\_FILE** The journal file path when not specified with `-f`.
Default: `~/.hledger.journal` (on windows, perhaps
`C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal`).
## FILES
Reads data from one or more files in hledger journal, timeclock,
timedot, or CSV format specified with `-f`, or `$LEDGER_FILE`, or
`$HOME/.hledger.journal` (on windows, perhaps
`C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal`).
## BUGS
The need to precede options with `--` when invoked from hledger is
awkward.
`-f-` doesn't work (hledger-ui can't read from stdin).
`-V` affects only the accounts screen.
When you press `g`, the current and all previous screens are
regenerated, which may cause a noticeable pause. Also there is no visual
indication that this is in progress.
The register screen's switching between historic balance and running
total based on query arguments may be confusing, and there is no column
heading to indicate which is being displayed.

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@ -1,232 +0,0 @@
# hledger-web
This doc is for version **1.0**. <span class="docversions"></span>
\$toc\$
## NAME
hledger-web - web interface for the hledger accounting tool
## SYNOPSIS
`hledger-web [OPTIONS]`\
`hledger web -- [OPTIONS]`
<style>
.highslide img {max-width:250px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em;}
.highslide-caption {color:white; background-color:black;}
</style>
<a href="images/hledger-web/normal/register.png" class="highslide" onclick="return hs.expand(this)"><img src="images/hledger-web/normal/register.png" title="Account register view with accounts sidebar" /></a>
<a href="images/hledger-web/normal/journal.png" class="highslide" onclick="return hs.expand(this)"><img src="images/hledger-web/normal/journal.png" title="Journal view" /></a>
<a href="images/hledger-web/normal/help.png" class="highslide" onclick="return hs.expand(this)"><img src="images/hledger-web/normal/help.png" title="Help dialog" /></a>
<a href="images/hledger-web/normal/add.png" class="highslide" onclick="return hs.expand(this)"><img src="images/hledger-web/normal/add.png" title="Add form" /></a>
## DESCRIPTION
hledger is a cross-platform program for tracking money, time, or any
other commodity, using double-entry accounting and a simple, editable
file format. hledger is inspired by and largely compatible with
ledger(1).
hledger-web is hledger's web interface. It starts a simple web
application for browsing and adding transactions, and optionally opens
it in a web browser window if possible. It provides a more user-friendly
UI than the hledger CLI or hledger-ui interface, showing more at once
(accounts, the current account register, balance charts) and allowing
history-aware data entry, interactive searching, and bookmarking.
hledger-web also lets you share a ledger with multiple users, or even
the public web. There is no access control, so if you need that you
should put it behind a suitable web proxy. As a small protection against
data loss when running an unprotected instance, it writes a numbered
backup of the main journal file (only ?) on every edit.
Like hledger, it reads data from one or more files in hledger journal,
timeclock, timedot, or CSV format specified with `-f`, or
`$LEDGER_FILE`, or `$HOME/.hledger.journal` (on windows, perhaps
`C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal`). For more about this see hledger(1),
hledger\_journal(5) etc.
By default, hledger-web starts the web app in "transient mode" and also
opens it in your default web browser if possible. In this mode the web
app will keep running for as long as you have it open in a browser
window, and will exit after two minutes of inactivity (no requests and
no browser windows viewing it).
``` {.shell}
$ hledger web
Starting web app on port 5000 with base url http://localhost:5000
Starting web browser if possible
Web app will auto-exit after a few minutes with no browsers (or press ctrl-c)
```
With `--server`, it starts the web app in non-transient mode and logs
requests to the console. Typically when running hledger web as part of a
website you'll want to use `--base-url` to set the
protocol/hostname/port/path to be used in hyperlinks. The `--file-url`
option allows static files to be served from a different url, eg for
better caching or cookie-less serving.
You can use `--port` to listen on a different TCP port, eg if you are
running multiple hledger-web instances. This need not be the same as the
PORT in the base url.
Note there is no built-in access control, so you will need to hide
hledger-web behind an authenticating proxy (such as apache or nginx) if
you want to restrict who can see and add entries to your journal.
Command-line options and arguments may be used to set an initial filter
on the data. This is not shown in the web UI, but it will be applied in
addition to any search query entered there.
With journal and timeclock files (but not CSV files, currently) the web
app detects changes made by other means and will show the new data on
the next request. If a change makes the file unparseable, hledger-web
will show an error until the file has been fixed.
## OPTIONS
Note: if invoking hledger-web as a hledger subcommand, write `--` before
options as shown above.
`--server`
: disable browser-opening and auto-exit-on-idle, and log all requests
to stdout
`--port=PORT`
: set the TCP port to listen on (default: 5000)
`--base-url=URL`
: set the base url (default: http://localhost:PORT). You would change
this when sharing over the network, or integrating within a
larger website.
`--file-url=URL`
: set the static files url (default: BASEURL/static). hledger-web
normally serves static files itself, but if you wanted to serve them
from another server for efficiency, you would set the url with this.
hledger general options:
`-h`
: show general usage (or after COMMAND, the command's usage)
`--help`
: show the current program's manual as plain text (or after an add-on
COMMAND, the add-on's manual)
`--man`
: show the current program's manual with man
`--info`
: show the current program's manual with info
`--version`
: show version
`--debug[=N]`
: show debug output (levels 1-9, default: 1)
`-f FILE --file=FILE`
: use a different input file. For stdin, use -
`--rules-file=RULESFILE`
: Conversion rules file to use when reading CSV (default: FILE.rules)
`--alias=OLD=NEW`
: display accounts named OLD as NEW
`-I --ignore-assertions`
: ignore any failing balance assertions in the journal
hledger reporting options:
`-b --begin=DATE`
: include postings/txns on or after this date
`-e --end=DATE`
: include postings/txns before this date
`-D --daily`
: multiperiod/multicolumn report by day
`-W --weekly`
: multiperiod/multicolumn report by week
`-M --monthly`
: multiperiod/multicolumn report by month
`-Q --quarterly`
: multiperiod/multicolumn report by quarter
`-Y --yearly`
: multiperiod/multicolumn report by year
`-p --period=PERIODEXP`
: set start date, end date, and/or reporting interval all at once
(overrides the flags above)
`--date2`
: show, and match with -b/-e/-p/date:, secondary dates instead
`-C --cleared`
: include only cleared postings/txns
`--pending`
: include only pending postings/txns
`-U --uncleared`
: include only uncleared (and pending) postings/txns
`-R --real`
: include only non-virtual postings
`--depth=N`
: hide accounts/postings deeper than N
`-E --empty`
: show items with zero amount, normally hidden
`-B --cost`
: convert amounts to their cost at transaction time (using the
[transaction price](journal.html#transaction-prices), if any)
`--pivot TAG`
: will transform the journal before any other processing by replacing
the account name of every posting having the tag TAG with content
VALUE by the account name "TAG:VALUE". The TAG will only match if it
is a full-length match. The pivot will only happen if the TAG is on
a posting, not if it is on the transaction. If the tag value is a
multi:level:account:name the new account name will
be "TAG:multi:level:account:name".
`--anon`
: show anonymized accounts and payees
## ENVIRONMENT
**LEDGER\_FILE** The journal file path when not specified with `-f`.
Default: `~/.hledger.journal` (on windows, perhaps
`C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal`).
## FILES
Reads data from one or more files in hledger journal, timeclock,
timedot, or CSV format specified with `-f`, or `$LEDGER_FILE`, or
`$HOME/.hledger.journal` (on windows, perhaps
`C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal`).
## BUGS
The need to precede options with `--` when invoked from hledger is
awkward.
`-f-` doesn't work (hledger-web can't read from stdin).
Query arguments and some hledger options are ignored.
Does not work in text-mode browsers.
Does not work well on small screens.

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# journal format
This doc is for version **1.0**. <span class="docversions"></span>
\$toc\$
## NAME
Journal - hledger's default file format, representing a General Journal
## DESCRIPTION
hledger's usual data source is a plain text file containing journal
entries in hledger journal format. This file represents a standard
accounting [general
journal](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_journal). I use file names
ending in `.journal`, but that's not required. The journal file contains
a number of transaction entries, each describing a transfer of money (or
any commodity) between two or more named accounts, in a simple format
readable by both hledger and humans.
hledger's journal format is a compatible subset,
[mostly](faq.html#file-format-differences), of [ledger's journal
format](http://ledger-cli.org/3.0/doc/ledger3.html#Journal-Format), so
hledger can work with [compatible](faq.html#file-format-differences)
ledger journal files as well. It's safe, and encouraged, to run both
hledger and ledger on the same journal file, eg to validate the results
you're getting.
You can use hledger without learning any more about this file; just use
the [add](#add) or [web](#web) commands to create and update it. Many
users, though, also edit the journal file directly with a text editor,
perhaps assisted by the helper modes for emacs or vim.
Here's an example:
``` {.journal}
; A sample journal file. This is a comment.
2008/01/01 income ; <- transaction's first line starts in column 0, contains date and description
assets:bank:checking $1 ; <- posting lines start with whitespace, each contains an account name
income:salary $-1 ; followed by at least two spaces and an amount
2008/06/01 gift
assets:bank:checking $1 ; <- at least two postings in a transaction
income:gifts $-1 ; <- their amounts must balance to 0
2008/06/02 save
assets:bank:saving $1
assets:bank:checking ; <- one amount may be omitted; here $-1 is inferred
2008/06/03 eat & shop ; <- description can be anything
expenses:food $1
expenses:supplies $1 ; <- this transaction debits two expense accounts
assets:cash ; <- $-2 inferred
2008/12/31 * pay off ; <- an optional * or ! after the date means "cleared" (or anything you want)
liabilities:debts $1
assets:bank:checking
```
## FILE FORMAT
<!-- Now let's explore the available journal file syntax in detail. -->
### Transactions
Transactions are represented by journal entries. Each begins with a
[simple date](#simple-dates) in column 0, followed by three optional
fields with spaces between them:
- a status flag, which can be empty or `!` or `*` (meaning
"uncleared", "pending" and "cleared", or whatever you want)
- a transaction code (eg a check number),
- and/or a description
then some number of postings, of some amount to some account. Each
posting is on its own line, consisting of:
- indentation of one or more spaces (or tabs)
- optionally, a `!` or `*` status flag followed by a space
- an account name, optionally containing single spaces
- optionally, two or more spaces or tabs followed by an amount
Usually there are two or more postings, though one or none is also
possible. The posting amounts within a transaction must always balance,
ie add up to 0. Optionally one amount can be left blank, in which case
it will be inferred.
### Dates
#### Simple dates
Within a journal file, transaction dates use Y/M/D (or Y-M-D or Y.M.D)
Leading zeros are optional. The year may be omitted, in which case it
will be inferred from the context - the current transaction, the default
year set with a [default year directive](#default-year), or the current
date when the command is run. Some examples: `2010/01/31`, `1/31`,
`2010-01-31`, `2010.1.31`.
#### Secondary dates
Real-life transactions sometimes involve more than one date - eg the
date you write a cheque, and the date it clears in your bank. When you
want to model this, eg for more accurate balances, you can specify
individual [posting dates](#posting-dates), which I recommend. Or, you
can use the secondary dates (aka auxiliary/effective dates) feature,
supported for compatibility with Ledger.
A secondary date can be written after the primary date, separated by an
equals sign. The primary date, on the left, is used by default; the
secondary date, on the right, is used when the `--date2` flag is
specified (`--aux-date` or `--effective` also work).
The meaning of secondary dates is up to you, but it's best to follow a
consistent rule. Eg write the bank's clearing date as primary, and when
needed, the date the transaction was initiated as secondary.
Here's an example. Note that a secondary date will use the year of the
primary date if unspecified.
``` {.journal}
2010/2/23=2/19 movie ticket
expenses:cinema $10
assets:checking
```
``` {.shell}
$ hledger register checking
2010/02/23 movie ticket assets:checking $-10 $-10
```
``` {.shell}
$ hledger register checking --date2
2010/02/19 movie ticket assets:checking $-10 $-10
```
Secondary dates require some effort; you must use them consistently in
your journal entries and remember whether to use or not use the
`--date2` flag for your reports. They are included in hledger for Ledger
compatibility, but posting dates are a more powerful and less confusing
alternative.
#### Posting dates
You can give individual postings a different date from their parent
transaction, by adding a [posting comment](#comments) containing a
[tag](#tags) (see below) like `date:DATE`. This is probably the best way
to control posting dates precisely. Eg in this example the expense
should appear in May reports, and the deduction from checking should be
reported on 6/1 for easy bank reconciliation:
``` {.journal}
2015/5/30
expenses:food $10 ; food purchased on saturday 5/30
assets:checking ; bank cleared it on monday, date:6/1
```
``` {.shell}
$ hledger -f t.j register food
2015/05/30 expenses:food $10 $10
```
``` {.shell}
$ hledger -f t.j register checking
2015/06/01 assets:checking $-10 $-10
```
DATE should be a [simple date](#simple-dates); if the year is not
specified it will use the year of the transaction's date. You can set
the secondary date similarly, with `date2:DATE2`. The `date:` or
`date2:` tags must have a valid simple date value if they are present,
eg a `date:` tag with no value is not allowed.
Ledger's earlier, more compact bracketed date syntax is also supported:
`[DATE]`, `[DATE=DATE2]` or `[=DATE2]`. hledger will attempt to parse
any square-bracketed sequence of the `0123456789/-.=` characters in this
way. With this syntax, DATE infers its year from the transaction and
DATE2 infers its year from DATE.
### Account names
Account names typically have several parts separated by a full colon,
from which hledger derives a hierarchical chart of accounts. They can be
anything you like, but in finance there are traditionally five top-level
accounts: `assets`, `liabilities`, `income`, `expenses`, and `equity`.
Account names may contain single spaces, eg:
`assets:accounts receivable`. Because of this, they must always be
followed by **two or more spaces** (or newline).
Account names can be [aliased](#account-aliases).
### Amounts
After the account name, there is usually an amount. Important: between
account name and amount, there must be **two or more spaces**.
Amounts consist of a number and (usually) a currency symbol or commodity
name. Some examples:
`2.00001`\
`$1`\
`4000 AAPL`\
`3 "green apples"`\
`-$1,000,000.00`\
`INR 9,99,99,999.00`\
`EUR -2.000.000,00`
As you can see, the amount format is somewhat flexible:
- amounts are a number (the "quantity") and optionally a currency
symbol/commodity name (the "commodity").
- the commodity is a symbol, word, or double-quoted phrase, on the
left or right, with or without a separating space
- negative amounts with a commodity on the left can have the minus
sign before or after it
- digit groups (thousands, or any other grouping) can be separated by
commas (in which case period is used for decimal point) or periods
(in which case comma is used for decimal point)
You can use any of these variations when recording data, but when
hledger displays amounts, it will choose a consistent format for each
commodity. (Except for [price amounts](#prices), which are always
formatted as written). The display format is chosen as follows:
- if there is a [commodity directive](#commodity-directive) specifying
the format, that is used
- otherwise the format is inferred from the first posting amount in
that commodity in the journal, and the precision (number of
decimal places) will be the maximum from all posting amounts in that
commmodity
- or if there are no such amounts in the journal, a default format is
used (like `$1000.00`).
Price amounts and amounts in D directives usually don't affect amount
format inference, but in some situations they can do so indirectly. (Eg
when D's default commodity is applied to a commodity-less amount, or
when an amountless posting is balanced using a price's commodity, or
when -V is used.) If you find this causing problems, set the desired
format with a commodity directive.
### Virtual Postings
When you parenthesise the account name in a posting, we call that a
*virtual posting*, which means:
- it is ignored when checking that the transaction is balanced
- it is excluded from reports when the `--real/-R` flag is used, or
the `real:1` query.
You could use this, eg, to set an account's opening balance without
needing to use the `equity:opening balances` account:
``` {.journal}
1/1 special unbalanced posting to set initial balance
(assets:checking) $1000
```
When the account name is bracketed, we call it a *balanced virtual
posting*. This is like an ordinary virtual posting except the balanced
virtual postings in a transaction must balance to 0, like the real
postings (but separately from them). Balanced virtual postings are also
excluded by `--real/-R` or `real:1`.
``` {.journal}
1/1 buy food with cash, and update some budget-tracking subaccounts elsewhere
expenses:food $10
assets:cash $-10
[assets:checking:available] $10
[assets:checking:budget:food] $-10
```
Virtual postings have some legitimate uses, but those are few. You can
usually find an equivalent journal entry using real postings, which is
more correct and provides better error checking.
### Balance Assertions
hledger supports ledger-style [balance
assertions](http://ledger-cli.org/3.0/doc/ledger3.html#Balance-assertions)
in journal files. These look like `=EXPECTEDBALANCE` following a
posting's amount. Eg in this example we assert the expected dollar
balance in accounts a and b after each posting:
``` {.journal}
2013/1/1
a $1 =$1
b =$-1
2013/1/2
a $1 =$2
b $-1 =$-2
```
After reading a journal file, hledger will check all balance assertions
and report an error if any of them fail. Balance assertions can protect
you from, eg, inadvertently disrupting reconciled balances while
cleaning up old entries. You can disable them temporarily with the
`--ignore-assertions` flag, which can be useful for troubleshooting or
for reading Ledger files.
#### Assertions and ordering
hledger sorts an account's postings and assertions first by date and
then (for postings on the same day) by parse order. Note this is
different from Ledger, which sorts assertions only by parse order.
(Also, Ledger assertions do not see the accumulated effect of repeated
postings to the same account within a transaction.)
So, hledger balance assertions keep working if you reorder
differently-dated transactions within the journal. But if you reorder
same-dated transactions or postings, assertions might break and require
updating. This order dependence does bring an advantage: precise control
over the order of postings and assertions within a day, so you can
assert intra-day balances.
With [included files](#including-other-files), things are a little more
complicated. Including preserves the ordering of postings and
assertions. If you have multiple postings to an account on the same day,
split across different files, and you also want to assert the account's
balance on the same day, you'll have to put the assertion in the right
file.
#### Assertions and commodities
The asserted balance must be a simple single-commodity amount, and in
fact the assertion checks only this commodity's balance within the
(possibly multi-commodity) account balance. We could call this a partial
balance assertion. This is compatible with Ledger, and makes it possible
to make assertions about accounts containing multiple commodities.
To assert each commodity's balance in such a multi-commodity account,
you can add multiple postings (with amount 0 if necessary). But note
that no matter how many assertions you add, you can't be sure the
account does not contain some unexpected commodity. (We'll add support
for this kind of total balance assertion if there's demand.)
#### Assertions and subaccounts
Balance assertions do not count the balance from subaccounts; they check
the posted account's exclusive balance. For example:
``` {.journal}
1/1
checking:fund 1 = 1 ; post to this subaccount, its balance is now 1
checking 1 = 1 ; post to the parent account, its exclusive balance is now 1
equity
```
The balance report's flat mode shows these exclusive balances more
clearly:
``` {.shell}
$ hledger bal checking --flat
1 checking
1 checking:fund
--------------------
2
```
#### Assertions and virtual postings
Balance assertions are checked against all postings, both real and
[virtual](#virtual-postings). They are not affected by the `--real/-R`
flag or `real:` query.
### Prices
#### Transaction prices
When recording a transaction, you can also record an amount's price in
another commodity. This documents the exchange rate, cost (of a
purchase), or selling price (of a sale) that was in effect within this
particular transaction (or more precisely, within the particular
posting). These transaction prices are fixed, and do not change.
Such priced amounts can be displayed in their transaction price's
commodity, by using the `--cost/-B` flag (B for "cost Basis"), supported
by most hledger commands.
There are three ways to specify a transaction price:
1. Write the unit price (aka exchange rate), as `@ UNITPRICE` after the
amount:
``` {.journal}
2009/1/1
assets:foreign currency €100 @ $1.35 ; one hundred euros at $1.35 each
assets:cash
```
2. Or write the total price, as `@@ TOTALPRICE` after the amount:
``` {.journal}
2009/1/1
assets:foreign currency €100 @@ $135 ; one hundred euros at $135 for the lot
assets:cash
```
3. Or let hledger infer the price so as to balance the transaction. To
permit this, you must fully specify all posting amounts, and their
sum must have a non-zero amount in exactly two commodities:
``` {.journal}
2009/1/1
assets:foreign currency €100 ; one hundred euros
assets:cash $-135 ; exchanged for $135
```
With any of the above examples we get:
``` {.shell}
$ hledger print -B
2009/01/01
assets:foreign currency $135.00
assets:cash $-135.00
```
Example use for transaction prices: recording the effective conversion
rate of purchases made in a foreign currency.
#### Market prices
Market prices are not tied to a particular transaction; they represent
historical exchange rates between two commodities, usually from some
public market which publishes such rates.
When market prices are known, the `-V/--value` option will use them to
convert reported amounts to their market value as of the report end
date. This option is currently available only with the
[balance](#balance) command.
You record market prices (Ledger calls them historical prices) with a P
directive, in the journal or perhaps in a separate
[included](#including-other-files) file. Market price directives have
the format:
``` {.journal}
P DATE COMMODITYSYMBOL UNITPRICE
```
<!-- (A time and numeric time zone are allowed but ignored, like ledger.) -->
For example, the following directives say that the euro's exchange rate
was 1.35 US dollars during 2009, and \$1.40 from 2010 onward (and
unknown before 2009).
``` {.journal}
P 2009/1/1 € $1.35
P 2010/1/1 € $1.40
```
Example use for market prices: tracking the value of stocks.
<!--
This is different from Ledger, where transaction prices fluctuate by
default. Ledger has a different syntax for specifying
[fixed prices](http://ledger-cli.org/3.0/doc/ledger3.html#Fixing-Lot-Prices):
`{=PRICE}`. hledger parses that syntax, and (currently) ignores it.
-->
<!-- hledger treats this as an alternate spelling of `@ PRICE`, for greater compatibility with Ledger files. -->
### Comments
Lines in the journal beginning with a semicolon (`;`) or hash (`#`) or
asterisk (`*`) are comments, and will be ignored. (Asterisk comments
make it easy to treat your journal like an org-mode outline in emacs.)
Also, anything between [`comment` and `end comment`
directives](#multi-line-comments) is a (multi-line) comment. If there is
no `end comment`, the comment extends to the end of the file.
You can attach comments to a transaction by writing them after the
description and/or indented on the following lines (before the
postings). Similarly, you can attach comments to an individual posting
by writing them after the amount and/or indented on the following lines.
Some examples:
``` {.journal}
# a journal comment
; also a journal comment
comment
This is a multiline comment,
which continues until a line
where the "end comment" string
appears on its own.
end comment
2012/5/14 something ; a transaction comment
; the transaction comment, continued
posting1 1 ; a comment for posting 1
posting2
; a comment for posting 2
; another comment line for posting 2
; a journal comment (because not indented)
```
### Tags
A *tag* is a word followed by a full colon inside a transaction or
posting [comment](#comments). You can write multiple tags, comma
separated. Eg: `; a comment containing sometag:, anothertag:`. You can
search for tags with the [`tag:` query](manual#queries).
A tag can also have a value, which is any text between the colon and the
next comma or newline, excluding leading/trailing whitespace. (So
hledger tag values can not contain commas or newlines).
Tags in a transaction comment affect the transaction and all of its
postings, while tags in a posting comment affect only that posting. For
example, the following transaction has three tags (A, TAG2, third-tag)
and the posting has four (A, TAG2, third-tag, posting-tag):
``` {.journal}
1/1 a transaction ; A:, TAG2:
; third-tag: a third transaction tag, this time with a value
(a) $1 ; posting-tag:
```
Tags are like Ledger's
[metadata](http://ledger-cli.org/3.0/doc/ledger3.html#Metadata) feature,
except hledger's tag values are simple strings.
### Directives
#### Account aliases
You can define aliases which rewrite your account names (after reading
the journal, before generating reports). hledger's account aliases can
be useful for:
- expanding shorthand account names to their full form, allowing
easier data entry and a less verbose journal
- adapting old journals to your current chart of accounts
- experimenting with new account organisations, like a new hierarchy
or combining two accounts into one
- customising reports
See also [How to use account aliases](how-to-use-account-aliases.html).
##### Basic aliases
To set an account alias, use the `alias` directive in your journal file.
This affects all subsequent journal entries in the current file or its
[included files](#including-other-files). The spaces around the = are
optional:
``` {.journal}
alias OLD = NEW
```
Or, you can use the `--alias 'OLD=NEW'` option on the command line. This
affects all entries. It's useful for trying out aliases interactively.
OLD and NEW are full account names. hledger will replace any occurrence
of the old account name with the new one. Subaccounts are also affected.
Eg:
``` {.journal}
alias checking = assets:bank:wells fargo:checking
# rewrites "checking" to "assets:bank:wells fargo:checking", or "checking:a" to "assets:bank:wells fargo:checking:a"
```
##### Regex aliases
There is also a more powerful variant that uses a regular expression,
indicated by the forward slashes. (This was the default behaviour in
hledger 0.24-0.25):
``` {.journal}
alias /REGEX/ = REPLACEMENT
```
or `--alias '/REGEX/=REPLACEMENT'`.
<!-- (Can also be written `'/REGEX/REPLACEMENT/'`). -->
REGEX is a case-insensitive regular expression. Anywhere it matches
inside an account name, the matched part will be replaced by
REPLACEMENT. If REGEX contains parenthesised match groups, these can be
referenced by the usual numeric backreferences in REPLACEMENT. Note,
currently regular expression aliases may cause noticeable slow-downs.
(And if you use Ledger on your hledger file, they will be ignored.) Eg:
``` {.journal}
alias /^(.+):bank:([^:]+)(.*)/ = \1:\2 \3
# rewrites "assets:bank:wells fargo:checking" to "assets:wells fargo checking"
```
##### Multiple aliases
You can define as many aliases as you like using directives or
command-line options. Aliases are recursive - each alias sees the result
of applying previous ones. (This is different from Ledger, where aliases
are non-recursive by default). Aliases are applied in the following
order:
1. alias directives, most recently seen first (recent directives take
precedence over earlier ones; directives not yet seen are ignored)
2. alias options, in the order they appear on the command line
##### end aliases
You can clear (forget) all currently defined aliases with the
`end aliases` directive:
``` {.journal}
end aliases
```
#### account directive
The `account` directive predefines account names, as in Ledger and
Beancount. This may be useful for your own documentation; hledger
doesn't make use of it yet.
``` {.journal}
; account ACCT
; OPTIONAL COMMENTS/TAGS...
account assets:bank:checking
a comment
acct-no:12345
account expenses:food
; etc.
```
#### apply account directive
You can specify a parent account which will be prepended to all accounts
within a section of the journal. Use the `apply account` and
`end apply account` directives like so:
``` {.journal}
apply account home
2010/1/1
food $10
cash
end apply account
```
which is equivalent to:
``` {.journal}
2010/01/01
home:food $10
home:cash $-10
```
If `end apply account` is omitted, the effect lasts to the end of the
file. Included files are also affected, eg:
``` {.journal}
apply account business
include biz.journal
end apply account
apply account personal
include personal.journal
```
Prior to hledger 1.0, legacy `account` and `end` spellings were also
supported.
#### Multi-line comments
A line containing just `comment` starts a multi-line comment, and a line
containing just `end comment` ends it. See [comments](#comments).
#### commodity directive
The `commodity` directive predefines commodities (currently this is just
informational), and also it may define the display format for amounts in
this commodity (overriding the automatically inferred format).
It may be written on a single line, like this:
``` {.journal}
; commodity EXAMPLEAMOUNT
; display AAAA amounts with the symbol on the right, space-separated,
; using period as decimal point, with four decimal places, and
; separating thousands with comma.
commodity 1,000.0000 AAAA
```
or on multiple lines, using the "format" subdirective. In this case the
commodity symbol appears twice and should be the same in both places:
``` {.journal}
; commodity SYMBOL
; format EXAMPLEAMOUNT
; display indian rupees with currency name on the left,
; thousands, lakhs and crores comma-separated,
; period as decimal point, and two decimal places.
commodity INR
format INR 9,99,99,999.00
```
#### Default commodity
The D directive sets a default commodity (and display format), to be
used for amounts without a commodity symbol (ie, plain numbers). (Note
this differs from Ledger's default commodity directive.) The commodity
and display format will be applied to all subsequent commodity-less
amounts, or until the next D directive.
``` {.journal}
# commodity-less amounts should be treated as dollars
# (and displayed with symbol on the left, thousands separators and two decimal places)
D $1,000.00
1/1
a 5 # <- commodity-less amount, becomes $1
b
```
#### Default year
You can set a default year to be used for subsequent dates which don't
specify a year. This is a line beginning with `Y` followed by the year.
Eg:
``` {.journal}
Y2009 ; set default year to 2009
12/15 ; equivalent to 2009/12/15
expenses 1
assets
Y2010 ; change default year to 2010
2009/1/30 ; specifies the year, not affected
expenses 1
assets
1/31 ; equivalent to 2010/1/31
expenses 1
assets
```
#### Including other files
You can pull in the content of additional journal files by writing an
include directive, like this:
``` {.journal}
include path/to/file.journal
```
If the path does not begin with a slash, it is relative to the current
file. Glob patterns (`*`) are not currently supported.
The `include` directive can only be used in journal files. It can
include journal, timeclock or timedot files, but not CSV files.
## EDITOR SUPPORT
Add-on modes exist for various text editors, to make working with
journal files easier. They add colour, navigation aids and helpful
commands. For hledger users who edit the journal file directly (the
majority), using one of these modes is quite recommended.
These were written with Ledger in mind, but also work with hledger
files:
----------------- -----------------------------------------------------
Emacs <http://www.ledger-cli.org/3.0/doc/ledger-mode.html>
Vim <https://github.com/ledger/ledger/wiki/Getting-starte
d>
Sublime Text <https://github.com/ledger/ledger/wiki/Using-Sublime-
Text>
Textmate <https://github.com/ledger/ledger/wiki/Using-TextMate
-2>
Text Wrangler   <https://github.com/ledger/ledger/wiki/Editing-Ledger
-files-with-TextWrangler>
----------------- -----------------------------------------------------
<!-- Some related LedgerTips:
https://twitter.com/LedgerTips/status/504061626233159681
https://twitter.com/LedgerTips/status/502820400276193280
https://twitter.com/LedgerTips/status/502503912084361216
https://twitter.com/LedgerTips/status/501767602067472384
-->

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# timeclock format
This doc is for version **1.0**. <span class="docversions"></span>
\$toc\$
## NAME
Timeclock - the time logging format of timeclock.el, as read by hledger
## DESCRIPTION
hledger can read timeclock files. [As with
Ledger](http://ledger-cli.org/3.0/doc/ledger3.html#Time-Keeping), these
are (a subset of)
[timeclock.el](http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/TimeClock)'s format,
containing clock-in and clock-out entries as in the example below. The
date is a [simple date](#simple-dates). The time format is
HH:MM\[:SS\]\[+-ZZZZ\]. Seconds and timezone are optional. The timezone,
if present, must be four digits and is ignored (currently the time is
always interpreted as a local time).
``` {.timeclock}
i 2015/03/30 09:00:00 some:account name optional description after two spaces
o 2015/03/30 09:20:00
i 2015/03/31 22:21:45 another account
o 2015/04/01 02:00:34
```
hledger treats each clock-in/clock-out pair as a transaction posting
some number of hours to an account. Or if the session spans more than
one day, it is split into several transactions, one for each day. For
the above time log, `hledger print` generates these journal entries:
``` {.shell}
$ hledger -f t.timeclock print
2015/03/30 * optional description after two spaces
(some:account name) 0.33h
2015/03/31 * 22:21-23:59
(another account) 1.64h
2015/04/01 * 00:00-02:00
(another account) 2.01h
```
Here is a
[sample.timeclock](https://raw.github.com/simonmichael/hledger/master/data/sample.timeclock)
to download and some queries to try:
``` {.shell}
$ hledger -f sample.timeclock balance # current time balances
$ hledger -f sample.timeclock register -p 2009/3 # sessions in march 2009
$ hledger -f sample.timeclock register -p weekly --depth 1 --empty # time summary by week
```
To generate time logs, ie to clock in and clock out, you could:
- use emacs and the built-in timeclock.el, or the extended
[timeclock-x.el](http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/timeclock-x.el) and
perhaps the extras in
[ledgerutils.el](http://hub.darcs.net/simon/ledgertools/ledgerutils.el)
- at the command line, use these bash aliases:
``` {.shell}
alias ti="echo i `date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'` \$* >>$TIMELOG"
alias to="echo o `date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'` >>$TIMELOG"
```
- or use the old `ti` and `to` scripts in the [ledger 2.x
repository](https://github.com/ledger/ledger/tree/maint/scripts).
These rely on a "timeclock" executable which I think is just the
ledger 2 executable renamed.

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@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
# timedot format
This doc is for version **1.0**. <span class="docversions"></span>
\$toc\$
## NAME
Timedot - hledger's human-friendly time logging format
## DESCRIPTION
Timedot is a plain text format for logging dated, categorised quantities
(eg time), supported by hledger. It is convenient for approximate and
retroactive time logging, eg when the real-time clock-in/out required
with a timeclock file is too precise or too interruptive. It can be
formatted like a bar chart, making clear at a glance where time was
spent.
Though called "timedot", the format does not specify the commodity being
logged, so could represent other dated, quantifiable things. Eg you
could record a single-entry journal of financial transactions, perhaps
slightly more conveniently than with hledger\_journal(5) format.
## FILE FORMAT
A timedot file contains a series of day entries. A day entry begins with
a date, and is followed by category/quantity pairs, one per line. Dates
are hledger-style [simple dates](#simple-dates) (see
hledger\_journal(5)). Categories are hledger-style account names,
optionally indented. There must be at least two spaces between the
category and the quantity. Quantities can be written in two ways:
1. a series of dots (period characters). Each dot represents "a
quarter" - eg, a quarter hour. Spaces can be used to group dots into
hours, for easier counting.
2. a number (integer or decimal), representing "units" - eg, hours. A
good alternative when dots are cumbersome. (A number also can record
negative quantities.)
Blank lines and lines beginning with \#, ; or \* are ignored. An
example:
``` {.timedot}
# on this day, 6h was spent on client work, 1.5h on haskell FOSS work, etc.
2016/2/1
inc:client1 .... .... .... .... .... ....
fos:haskell .... ..
biz:research .
2016/2/2
inc:client1 .... ....
biz:research .
```
Or with numbers:
``` {.timedot}
2016/2/3
inc:client1 4
fos:hledger 3
biz:research 1
```
Reporting:
``` {.shell}
$ hledger -f t.timedot print date:2016/2/2
2016/02/02 *
(inc:client1) 2.00
2016/02/02 *
(biz:research) 0.25
```
``` {.shell}
$ hledger -f t.timedot bal --daily --tree
Balance changes in 2016/02/01-2016/02/03:
|| 2016/02/01d 2016/02/02d 2016/02/03d
============++========================================
biz || 0.25 0.25 1.00
research || 0.25 0.25 1.00
fos || 1.50 0 3.00
haskell || 1.50 0 0
hledger || 0 0 3.00
inc || 6.00 2.00 4.00
client1 || 6.00 2.00 4.00
------------++----------------------------------------
|| 7.75 2.25 8.00
```
I prefer to use period for separating account components. We can make
this work with an [account alias](#account-aliases):
``` {.timedot}
2016/2/4
fos.hledger.timedot 4
fos.ledger ..
```
``` {.shell}
$ hledger -f t.timedot --alias /\\./=: bal date:2016/2/4
4.50 fos
4.00 hledger:timedot
0.50 ledger
--------------------
4.50
```
Here is a
[sample.timedot](https://raw.github.com/simonmichael/hledger/master/data/sample.timedot).
<!-- to download and some queries to try: -->
<!-- ```shell -->
<!-- $ hledger -f sample.timedot balance # current time balances -->
<!-- $ hledger -f sample.timedot register -p 2009/3 # sessions in march 2009 -->
<!-- $ hledger -f sample.timedot register -p weekly --depth 1 --empty # time summary by week -->
<!-- ``` -->

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@ -1,183 +0,0 @@
# csv format
This doc is for version **1.1**. <span class="docversions"></span>
\$toc\$
## NAME
CSV - how hledger reads CSV data, and the CSV rules file format
## DESCRIPTION
hledger can read
[CSV](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_values) files,
converting each CSV record into a journal entry (transaction), if you
provide some conversion hints in a "rules file". This file should be
named like the CSV file with an additional `.rules` suffix (eg:
`mybank.csv.rules`); or, you can specify the file with
`--rules-file PATH`. hledger will create it if necessary, with some
default rules which you'll need to adjust. At minimum, the rules file
must specify the `date` and `amount` fields. For an example, see [How to
read CSV files](how-to-read-csv-files.html).
To learn about *exporting* CSV, see [CSV
output](hledger.html#csv-output).
## CSV RULES
The following six kinds of rule can appear in the rules file, in any
order. Blank lines and lines beginning with `#` or `;` are ignored.
### skip
`skip`*`N`*
Skip this number of CSV records at the beginning. You'll need this
whenever your CSV data contains header lines. Eg: <!-- XXX -->
<!-- hledger tries to skip initial CSV header lines automatically. -->
<!-- If it guesses wrong, use this directive to skip exactly N lines. -->
<!-- This can also be used in a conditional block to ignore certain CSV records. -->
``` {.rules}
# ignore the first CSV line
skip 1
```
### date-format
`date-format`*`DATEFMT`*
When your CSV date fields are not formatted like `YYYY/MM/DD` (or
`YYYY-MM-DD` or `YYYY.MM.DD`), you'll need to specify the format.
DATEFMT is a [strptime-like date parsing
pattern](http://hackage.haskell.org/packages/archive/time/latest/doc/html/Data-Time-Format.html#v:formatTime),
which must parse the date field values completely. Examples:
``` {.rules .display-table}
# for dates like "6/11/2013":
date-format %-d/%-m/%Y
```
``` {.rules .display-table}
# for dates like "11/06/2013":
date-format %m/%d/%Y
```
``` {.rules .display-table}
# for dates like "2013-Nov-06":
date-format %Y-%h-%d
```
``` {.rules .display-table}
# for dates like "11/6/2013 11:32 PM":
date-format %-m/%-d/%Y %l:%M %p
```
### field list
`fields`*`FIELDNAME1`*, *`FIELDNAME2`*...
This (a) names the CSV fields, in order (names may not contain
whitespace; uninteresting names may be left blank), and (b) assigns them
to journal entry fields if you use any of these standard field names:
`date`, `date2`, `status`, `code`, `description`, `comment`, `account1`,
`account2`, `amount`, `amount-in`, `amount-out`, `currency`. Eg:
``` {.rules}
# use the 1st, 2nd and 4th CSV fields as the entry's date, description and amount,
# and give the 7th and 8th fields meaningful names for later reference:
#
# CSV field:
# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
# entry field:
fields date, description, , amount, , , somefield, anotherfield
```
### field assignment
*`ENTRYFIELDNAME`* *`FIELDVALUE`*
This sets a journal entry field (one of the standard names above) to the
given text value, which can include CSV field values interpolated by
name (`%CSVFIELDNAME`) or 1-based position (`%N`).
<!-- Whitespace before or after the value is ignored. --> Eg:
``` {.rules .display-table}
# set the amount to the 4th CSV field with "USD " prepended
amount USD %4
```
``` {.rules .display-table}
# combine three fields to make a comment (containing two tags)
comment note: %somefield - %anotherfield, date: %1
```
Field assignments can be used instead of or in addition to a field list.
### conditional block
`if` *`PATTERN`*\
    *`FIELDASSIGNMENTS`*...
`if`\
*`PATTERN`*\
*`PATTERN`*...\
    *`FIELDASSIGNMENTS`*...
This applies one or more field assignments, only to those CSV records
matched by one of the PATTERNs. The patterns are case-insensitive
regular expressions which match anywhere within the whole CSV record
(it's not yet possible to match within a specific field). When there are
multiple patterns they can be written on separate lines, unindented. The
field assignments are on separate lines indented by at least one space.
Examples:
``` {.rules .display-table}
# if the CSV record contains "groceries", set account2 to "expenses:groceries"
if groceries
account2 expenses:groceries
```
``` {.rules .display-table}
# if the CSV record contains any of these patterns, set account2 and comment as shown
if
monthly service fee
atm transaction fee
banking thru software
account2 expenses:business:banking
comment XXX deductible ? check it
```
### include
`include`*`RULESFILE`*
Include another rules file at this point. `RULESFILE` is either an
absolute file path or a path relative to the current file's directory.
Eg:
``` {.rules}
# rules reused with several CSV files
include common.rules
```
## TIPS
Each generated journal entry will have two postings, to `account1` and
`account2` respectively. Currently it's not possible to generate entries
with more than two postings.
If the CSV has debit/credit amounts in separate fields, assign to the
`amount-in` and `amount-out` pseudo fields instead of `amount`.
If the CSV has the currency in a separate field, assign that to the
`currency` pseudo field which will be automatically prepended to the
amount. (Or you can do the same thing with a field assignment.)
If an amount value is parenthesised, it will be de-parenthesised and
sign-flipped automatically.
The generated journal entries will be sorted by date. The original order
of same-day entries will be preserved, usually.
<!-- (by reversing the CSV entries if they seem to be in reverse date order). -->

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@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
# hledger-api
This doc is for version **1.1**. <span class="docversions"></span>
\$toc\$
## NAME
hledger-api - web API server for the hledger accounting tool
## SYNOPSIS
`hledger-api [OPTIONS]`\
`hledger-api --swagger`\
`hledger api -- [OPTIONS]`
## DESCRIPTION
hledger is a cross-platform program for tracking money, time, or any
other commodity, using double-entry accounting and a simple, editable
file format. hledger is inspired by and largely compatible with
ledger(1).
hledger-api is a simple web API server, intended to support client-side
web apps operating on hledger data. It comes with a series of simple
client-side app examples, which drive its evolution.
Like hledger, it reads data from one or more files in hledger journal,
timeclock, timedot, or CSV format specified with `-f`, or
`$LEDGER_FILE`, or `$HOME/.hledger.journal` (on windows, perhaps
`C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal`). For more about this see hledger(1),
hledger\_journal(5) etc.
The server listens on IP address 127.0.0.1, accessible only to local
requests, by default. You can change this with `--host`, eg
`--host 0.0.0.0` to listen on all addresses. Note there is no other
access control, so you will need to hide hledger-api behind an
authenticating proxy if you want to restrict access. You can change the
TCP port (default: 8001) with `-p PORT`.
If invoked as `hledger-api --swagger`, instead of starting a server the
API docs will be printed in Swagger 2.0 format.
## OPTIONS
Note: if invoking hledger-api as a hledger subcommand, write `--` before
options as shown above.
`-d --static-dir=DIR`
: serve files from a different directory (default: `.`)
`-p --port=PORT`
: use a different TCP port (default: 8001)
`--swagger`
: print API docs in Swagger 2.0 format, and exit
hledger general options:
`-h`
: show general usage (or after COMMAND, the command's usage)
`--help`
: show the current program's manual as plain text (or after an add-on
COMMAND, the add-on's manual)
`--man`
: show the current program's manual with man
`--info`
: show the current program's manual with info
`--version`
: show version
`--debug[=N]`
: show debug output (levels 1-9, default: 1)
`-f FILE --file=FILE`
: use a different input file. For stdin, use -
`--rules-file=RULESFILE`
: Conversion rules file to use when reading CSV (default: FILE.rules)
`--alias=OLD=NEW`
: display accounts named OLD as NEW
`-I --ignore-assertions`
: ignore any failing balance assertions in the journal
## ENVIRONMENT
**LEDGER\_FILE** The journal file path when not specified with `-f`.
Default: `~/.hledger.journal` (on windows, perhaps
`C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal`).
## FILES
Reads data from one or more files in hledger journal, timeclock,
timedot, or CSV format specified with `-f`, or `$LEDGER_FILE`, or
`$HOME/.hledger.journal` (on windows, perhaps
`C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal`).
## BUGS
The need to precede options with `--` when invoked from hledger is
awkward.

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@ -1,365 +0,0 @@
# hledger-ui
This doc is for version **1.1**. <span class="docversions"></span>
\$toc\$
## NAME
hledger-ui - curses-style interface for the hledger accounting tool
## SYNOPSIS
`hledger-ui [OPTIONS] [QUERYARGS]`\
`hledger ui -- [OPTIONS] [QUERYARGS]`
## DESCRIPTION
hledger is a cross-platform program for tracking money, time, or any
other commodity, using double-entry accounting and a simple, editable
file format. hledger is inspired by and largely compatible with
ledger(1).
hledger-ui is hledger's curses-style interface, providing an efficient
full-window text UI for viewing accounts and transactions, and some
limited data entry capability. It is easier than hledger's command-line
interface, and sometimes quicker and more convenient than the web
interface.
Like hledger, it reads data from one or more files in hledger journal,
timeclock, timedot, or CSV format specified with `-f`, or
`$LEDGER_FILE`, or `$HOME/.hledger.journal` (on windows, perhaps
`C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal`). For more about this see hledger(1),
hledger\_journal(5) etc.
## OPTIONS
Note: if invoking hledger-ui as a hledger subcommand, write `--` before
options as shown above.
Any QUERYARGS are interpreted as a hledger search query which filters
the data.
`--watch`
: watch for data and date changes and reload automatically
`--theme=default|terminal|greenterm`
: use this custom display theme
`--register=ACCTREGEX`
: start in the (first) matched account's register screen
`--change`
: show period balances (changes) at startup instead of historical
balances
`--flat`
: show full account names, unindented
`-V --value`
: show amounts as their current market value in their default
valuation commodity (accounts screen only)
hledger general options:
`-h`
: show general usage (or after COMMAND, the command's usage)
`--help`
: show the current program's manual as plain text (or after an add-on
COMMAND, the add-on's manual)
`--man`
: show the current program's manual with man
`--info`
: show the current program's manual with info
`--version`
: show version
`--debug[=N]`
: show debug output (levels 1-9, default: 1)
`-f FILE --file=FILE`
: use a different input file. For stdin, use -
`--rules-file=RULESFILE`
: Conversion rules file to use when reading CSV (default: FILE.rules)
`--alias=OLD=NEW`
: display accounts named OLD as NEW
`-I --ignore-assertions`
: ignore any failing balance assertions in the journal
hledger reporting options:
`-b --begin=DATE`
: include postings/txns on or after this date
`-e --end=DATE`
: include postings/txns before this date
`-D --daily`
: multiperiod/multicolumn report by day
`-W --weekly`
: multiperiod/multicolumn report by week
`-M --monthly`
: multiperiod/multicolumn report by month
`-Q --quarterly`
: multiperiod/multicolumn report by quarter
`-Y --yearly`
: multiperiod/multicolumn report by year
`-p --period=PERIODEXP`
: set start date, end date, and/or reporting interval all at once
(overrides the flags above)
`--date2`
: show, and match with -b/-e/-p/date:, secondary dates instead
`-C --cleared`
: include only cleared postings/txns
`--pending`
: include only pending postings/txns
`-U --uncleared`
: include only uncleared (and pending) postings/txns
`-R --real`
: include only non-virtual postings
`--depth=N`
: hide accounts/postings deeper than N
`-E --empty`
: show items with zero amount, normally hidden
`-B --cost`
: convert amounts to their cost at transaction time (using the
[transaction price](journal.html#transaction-prices), if any)
`--pivot TAG`
: will transform the journal before any other processing by replacing
the account name of every posting having the tag TAG with content
VALUE by the account name "TAG:VALUE". The TAG will only match if it
is a full-length match. The pivot will only happen if the TAG is on
a posting, not if it is on the transaction. If the tag value is a
multi:level:account:name the new account name will
be "TAG:multi:level:account:name".
`--anon`
: show anonymized accounts and payees
## KEYS
`?` shows a help dialog listing all keys. (Some of these also appear in
the quick help at the bottom of each screen.) Press `?` again (or
`ESCAPE`, or `LEFT`) to close it. The following keys work on most
screens:
The cursor keys navigate: `right` (or `enter`) goes deeper, `left`
returns to the previous screen,
`up`/`down`/`page up`/`page down`/`home`/`end` move up and down through
lists. Vi-style `h`/`j`/`k`/`l` movement keys are also supported. A tip:
movement speed is limited by your keyboard repeat rate, to move faster
you may want to adjust it. (If you're on a mac, the Karabiner app is one
way to do that.)
With shift pressed, the cursor keys adjust the report period, limiting
the transactions to be shown (by default, all are shown).
`shift-down/up` steps downward and upward through these standard report
period durations: year, quarter, month, week, day. Then,
`shift-left/right` moves to the previous/next period. `t` sets the
report period to today. With the `--watch` option, when viewing a
"current" period (the current day, week, month, quarter, or year), the
period will move automatically to track the current date. To set a
non-standard period, you can use `/` and a `date:` query.
`/` lets you set a general filter query limiting the data shown, using
the same [query terms](/hledger.html#queries) as in hledger and
hledger-web. While editing the query, you can use [CTRL-a/e/d/k, BS,
cursor
keys](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/brick-0.7/docs/Brick-Widgets-Edit.html#t:Editor);
press `ENTER` to set it, or `ESCAPE`to cancel. There are also keys for
quickly adjusting some common filters like account depth and
cleared/uncleared (see below). `BACKSPACE` or `DELETE` removes all
filters, showing all transactions.
`ESCAPE` removes all filters and jumps back to the top screen. Or, it
cancels a minibuffer edit or help dialog in progress.
`g` reloads from the data file(s) and updates the current screen and any
previous screens. (With large files, this could cause a noticeable
pause.)
`I` toggles balance assertion checking. Disabling balance assertions
temporarily can be useful for troubleshooting.
`a` runs command-line hledger's add command, and reloads the updated
file. This allows some basic data entry.
`E` runs \$HLEDGER\_UI\_EDITOR, or \$EDITOR, or a default
(`emacsclient -a "" -nw`) on the journal file. With some editors (emacs,
vi), the cursor will be positioned at the current transaction when
invoked from the register and transaction screens, and at the error
location (if possible) when invoked from the error screen.
`q` quits the application.
Additional screen-specific keys are described below.
## SCREENS
### Accounts screen
This is normally the first screen displayed. It lists accounts and their
balances, like hledger's balance command. By default, it shows all
accounts and their latest ending balances (including the balances of
subaccounts). if you specify a query on the command line, it shows just
the matched accounts and the balances from matched transactions.
Account names are normally indented to show the hierarchy (tree mode).
To see less detail, set a depth limit by pressing a number key, `1` to
`9`. `0` shows even less detail, collapsing all accounts to a single
total. `-` and `+` (or `=`) decrease and increase the depth limit. To
remove the depth limit, set it higher than the maximum account depth, or
press `ESCAPE`.
`F` toggles flat mode, in which accounts are shown as a flat list, with
their full names. In this mode, account balances exclude subaccounts,
except for accounts at the depth limit (as with hledger's balance
command).
`H` toggles between showing historical balances or period balances.
Historical balances (the default) are ending balances at the end of the
report period, taking into account all transactions before that date
(filtered by the filter query if any), including transactions before the
start of the report period. In other words, historical balances are what
you would see on a bank statement for that account (unless disturbed by
a filter query). Period balances ignore transactions before the report
start date, so they show the change in balance during the report period.
They are more useful eg when viewing a time log.
`C` toggles cleared mode, in which [uncleared transactions and
postings](/journal.html#transactions) are not shown. `U` toggles
uncleared mode, in which only uncleared transactions/postings are shown.
`R` toggles real mode, in which [virtual
postings](/journal.html#virtual-postings) are ignored.
`Z` toggles nonzero mode, in which only accounts with nonzero balances
are shown (hledger-ui shows zero items by default, unlike command-line
hledger).
Press `right` or `enter` to view an account's transactions register.
### Register screen
This screen shows the transactions affecting a particular account, like
a check register. Each line represents one transaction and shows:
- the other account(s) involved, in abbreviated form. (If there are
both real and virtual postings, it shows only the accounts affected
by real postings.)
- the overall change to the current account's balance; positive for an
inflow to this account, negative for an outflow.
- the running historical total or period total for the current
account, after the transaction. This can be toggled with `H`.
Similar to the accounts screen, the historical total is affected by
transactions (filtered by the filter query) before the report start
date, while the period total is not. If the historical total is not
disturbed by a filter query, it will be the running historical
balance you would see on a bank register for the current account.
If the accounts screen was in tree mode, the register screen will
include transactions from both the current account and its subaccounts.
If the accounts screen was in flat mode, and a non-depth-clipped account
was selected, the register screen will exclude transactions from
subaccounts. In other words, the register always shows the transactions
responsible for the period balance shown on the accounts screen. As on
the accounts screen, this can be toggled with `F`.
`C` toggles cleared mode, in which [uncleared transactions and
postings](/journal.html#transactions) are not shown. `U` toggles
uncleared mode, in which only uncleared transactions/postings are shown.
`R` toggles real mode, in which [virtual
postings](/journal.html#virtual-postings) are ignored.
`Z` toggles nonzero mode, in which only transactions posting a nonzero
change are shown (hledger-ui shows zero items by default, unlike
command-line hledger).
Press `right` (or `enter`) to view the selected transaction in detail.
### Transaction screen
This screen shows a single transaction, as a general journal entry,
similar to hledger's print command and journal format
(hledger\_journal(5)).
The transaction's date(s) and any cleared flag, transaction code,
description, comments, along with all of its account postings are shown.
Simple transactions have two postings, but there can be more (or in
certain cases, fewer).
`up` and `down` will step through all transactions listed in the
previous account register screen. In the title bar, the numbers in
parentheses show your position within that account register. They will
vary depending on which account register you came from (remember most
transactions appear in multiple account registers). The \#N number
preceding them is the transaction's position within the complete
unfiltered journal, which is a more stable id (at least until the next
reload).
### Error screen
This screen will appear if there is a problem, such as a parse error,
when you press g to reload. Once you have fixed the problem, press g
again to reload and resume normal operation. (Or, you can press escape
to cancel the reload attempt.)
## ENVIRONMENT
**COLUMNS** The screen width to use. Default: the full terminal width.
**LEDGER\_FILE** The journal file path when not specified with `-f`.
Default: `~/.hledger.journal` (on windows, perhaps
`C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal`).
## FILES
Reads data from one or more files in hledger journal, timeclock,
timedot, or CSV format specified with `-f`, or `$LEDGER_FILE`, or
`$HOME/.hledger.journal` (on windows, perhaps
`C:/Users/USER/.hledger.journal`).
## BUGS
The need to precede options with `--` when invoked from hledger is
awkward.
`-f-` doesn't work (hledger-ui can't read from stdin).
`-V` affects only the accounts screen.
When you press `g`, the current and all previous screens are
regenerated, which may cause a noticeable pause with large files. Also
there is no visual indication that this is in progress.
`--watch` is not yet fully robust. It works well for normal usage, but
many file changes in a short time (eg saving the file thousands of times
with an editor macro) can cause problems at least on OSX. Symptoms
include: unresponsive UI, periodic resetting of the cursor position,
momentary display of parse errors, high CPU usage eventually subsiding,
and possibly a small but persistent build-up of CPU usage until the
program is restarted.

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