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hledger/hledger-lib/hledger_csv.txt
Simon Michael 07029047f5 ;doc: regen manuals again 
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hledger_csv(5) hledger User Manuals hledger_csv(5)
NAME
CSV - how hledger reads CSV data, and the CSV rules file format
DESCRIPTION
hledger can read CSV (comma-separated value, or character-separated
value) files as if they were journal files, automatically converting
each CSV record into a transaction. (To learn about writing CSV, see
CSV output.)
We describe each CSV file's format with a corresponding rules file. By
default this is named like the CSV file with a .rules extension added.
Eg when reading FILE.csv, hledger also looks for FILE.csv.rules in the
same directory. You can specify a different rules file with the
--rules-file option. If a rules file is not found, hledger will create
a sample rules file, which you'll need to adjust.
This file contains rules describing the CSV data (header line, fields
layout, date format etc.), and how to construct hledger journal entries
(transactions) from it. Often there will also be a list of conditional
rules for categorising transactions based on their descriptions.
Here's an overview of the CSV rules; these are described more fully be-
low, after the examples:
skip skip one or more header
lines or matched CSV
records
fields name CSV fields, assign
them to hledger fields
field assignment assign a value to one
hledger field, with inter-
polation
if apply some rules to
matched CSV records
end skip the remaining CSV
records
date-format describe the format of CSV
dates
newest-first disambiguate record order
when there's only one date
include inline another CSV rules
file
There's also a Convert CSV files tutorial on hledger.org.
EXAMPLES
Here are some sample hledger CSV rules files. See also the full col-
lection at:
https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger/tree/master/examples/csv
Basic
At minimum, the rules file must identify the date and amount fields,
and often it also specifies the date format and how many header lines
there are. Here's a simple CSV file and a rules file for it:
Date, Description, Id, Amount
12/11/2019, Foo, 123, 10.23
# basic.csv.rules
skip 1
fields date, description, _, amount
date-format %d/%m/%Y
$ hledger print -f basic.csv
2019/11/12 Foo
expenses:unknown 10.23
income:unknown -10.23
Default account names are chosen, since we didn't set them.
Bank of Ireland
Here's a CSV with two amount fields (Debit and Credit), and a balance
field, which we can use to add balance assertions, which is not neces-
sary but provides extra error checking:
Date,Details,Debit,Credit,Balance
07/12/2012,LODGMENT 529898,,10.0,131.21
07/12/2012,PAYMENT,5,,126
# bankofireland-checking.csv.rules
# skip the header line
skip
# name the csv fields, and assign some of them as journal entry fields
fields date, description, amount-out, amount-in, balance
# We generate balance assertions by assigning to "balance"
# above, but you may sometimes need to remove these because:
#
# - the CSV balance differs from the true balance,
# by up to 0.0000000000005 in my experience
#
# - it is sometimes calculated based on non-chronological ordering,
# eg when multiple transactions clear on the same day
# date is in UK/Ireland format
date-format %d/%m/%Y
# set the currency
currency EUR
# set the base account for all txns
account1 assets:bank:boi:checking
$ hledger -f bankofireland-checking.csv print
2012/12/07 LODGMENT 529898
assets:bank:boi:checking EUR10.0 = EUR131.2
income:unknown EUR-10.0
2012/12/07 PAYMENT
assets:bank:boi:checking EUR-5.0 = EUR126.0
expenses:unknown EUR5.0
The balance assertions don't raise an error above, because we're read-
ing directly from CSV, but they will be checked if these entries are
imported into a journal file.
Amazon
Here we convert amazon.com order history, and use an if block to gener-
ate a third posting if there's a fee. (In practice you'd probably get
this data from your bank instead, but it's an example.)
"Date","Type","To/From","Name","Status","Amount","Fees","Transaction ID"
"Jul 29, 2012","Payment","To","Foo.","Completed","$20.00","$0.00","16000000000000DGLNJPI1P9B8DKPVHL"
"Jul 30, 2012","Payment","To","Adapteva, Inc.","Completed","$25.00","$1.00","17LA58JSKRD4HDGLNJPI1P9B8DKPVHL"
# amazon-orders.csv.rules
# skip one header line
skip 1
# name the csv fields, and assign the transaction's date, amount and code.
# Avoided the "status" and "amount" hledger field names to prevent confusion.
fields date, _, toorfrom, name, amzstatus, amzamount, fees, code
# how to parse the date
date-format %b %-d, %Y
# combine two fields to make the description
description %toorfrom %name
# save the status as a tag
comment status:%amzstatus
# set the base account for all transactions
account1 assets:amazon
# leave amount1 blank so it can balance the other(s).
# I'm assuming amzamount excludes the fees, don't remember
# set a generic account2
account2 expenses:misc
amount2 %amzamount
# and maybe refine it further:
#include categorisation.rules
# add a third posting for fees, but only if they are non-zero.
# Commas in the data makes counting fields hard, so count from the right instead.
# (Regex translation: "a field containing a non-zero dollar amount,
# immediately before the 1 right-most fields")
if ,\$[1-9][.0-9]+(,[^,]*){1}$
account3 expenses:fees
amount3 %fees
$ hledger -f amazon-orders.csv print
2012/07/29 (16000000000000DGLNJPI1P9B8DKPVHL) To Foo. ; status:Completed
assets:amazon
expenses:misc $20.00
2012/07/30 (17LA58JSKRD4HDGLNJPI1P9B8DKPVHL) To Adapteva, Inc. ; status:Completed
assets:amazon
expenses:misc $25.00
expenses:fees $1.00
Paypal
Here's a real-world rules file for (customised) Paypal CSV, with some
Paypal-specific rules, and a second rules file included:
"Date","Time","TimeZone","Name","Type","Status","Currency","Gross","Fee","Net","From Email Address","To Email Address","Transaction ID","Item Title","Item ID","Reference Txn ID","Receipt ID","Balance","Note"
"10/01/2019","03:46:20","PDT","Calm Radio","Subscription Payment","Completed","USD","-6.99","0.00","-6.99","simon@joyful.com","memberships@calmradio.com","60P57143A8206782E","MONTHLY - $1 for the first 2 Months: Me - Order 99309. Item total: $1.00 USD first 2 months, then $6.99 / Month","","I-R8YLY094FJYR","","-6.99",""
"10/01/2019","03:46:20","PDT","","Bank Deposit to PP Account ","Pending","USD","6.99","0.00","6.99","","simon@joyful.com","0TU1544T080463733","","","60P57143A8206782E","","0.00",""
"10/01/2019","08:57:01","PDT","Patreon","PreApproved Payment Bill User Payment","Completed","USD","-7.00","0.00","-7.00","simon@joyful.com","support@patreon.com","2722394R5F586712G","Patreon* Membership","","B-0PG93074E7M86381M","","-7.00",""
"10/01/2019","08:57:01","PDT","","Bank Deposit to PP Account ","Pending","USD","7.00","0.00","7.00","","simon@joyful.com","71854087RG994194F","Patreon* Membership","","2722394R5F586712G","","0.00",""
"10/19/2019","03:02:12","PDT","Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","Subscription Payment","Completed","USD","-2.00","0.00","-2.00","simon@joyful.com","tle@wikimedia.org","K9U43044RY432050M","Monthly donation to the Wikimedia Foundation","","I-R5C3YUS3285L","","-2.00",""
"10/19/2019","03:02:12","PDT","","Bank Deposit to PP Account ","Pending","USD","2.00","0.00","2.00","","simon@joyful.com","3XJ107139A851061F","","","K9U43044RY432050M","","0.00",""
"10/22/2019","05:07:06","PDT","Noble Benefactor","Subscription Payment","Completed","USD","10.00","-0.59","9.41","noble@bene.fac.tor","simon@joyful.com","6L8L1662YP1334033","Joyful Systems","","I-KC9VBGY2GWDB","","9.41",""
# paypal-custom.csv.rules
# Tips:
# Export from Activity -> Statements -> Custom -> Activity download
# Suggested transaction type: "Balance affecting"
# Paypal's default fields in 2018 were:
# "Date","Time","TimeZone","Name","Type","Status","Currency","Gross","Fee","Net","From Email Address","To Email Address","Transaction ID","Shipping Address","Address Status","Item Title","Item ID","Shipping and Handling Amount","Insurance Amount","Sales Tax","Option 1 Name","Option 1 Value","Option 2 Name","Option 2 Value","Reference Txn ID","Invoice Number","Custom Number","Quantity","Receipt ID","Balance","Address Line 1","Address Line 2/District/Neighborhood","Town/City","State/Province/Region/County/Territory/Prefecture/Republic","Zip/Postal Code","Country","Contact Phone Number","Subject","Note","Country Code","Balance Impact"
# This rules file assumes the following more detailed fields, configured in "Customize report fields":
# "Date","Time","TimeZone","Name","Type","Status","Currency","Gross","Fee","Net","From Email Address","To Email Address","Transaction ID","Item Title","Item ID","Reference Txn ID","Receipt ID","Balance","Note"
fields date, time, timezone, description_, type, status_, currency, grossamount, feeamount, netamount, fromemail, toemail, code, itemtitle, itemid, referencetxnid, receiptid, balance, note
skip 1
date-format %-m/%-d/%Y
# ignore some paypal events
if
In Progress
Temporary Hold
Update to
skip
# add more fields to the description
description %description_ %itemtitle
# save some other fields as tags
comment itemid:%itemid, fromemail:%fromemail, toemail:%toemail, time:%time, type:%type, status:%status_
# convert to short currency symbols
# Note: in conditional block regexps, the line of csv being matched is
# a synthetic one: the unquoted field values, with commas between them.
if ,USD,
currency $
if ,EUR,
currency E
if ,GBP,
currency P
# generate postings
# the first posting will be the money leaving/entering my paypal account
# (negative means leaving my account, in all amount fields)
account1 assets:online:paypal
amount1 %netamount
# the second posting will be money sent to/received from other party
# (account2 is set below)
amount2 -%grossamount
# if there's a fee (9th field), add a third posting for the money taken by paypal.
# TODO: This regexp fails when fields contain a comma (generates a third posting with zero amount)
if ^([^,]+,){8}[^0]
account3 expenses:banking:paypal
amount3 -%feeamount
comment3 business:
# choose an account for the second posting
# override the default account names:
# if amount (8th field) is positive, it's income (a debit)
if ^([^,]+,){7}[0-9]
account2 income:unknown
# if negative, it's an expense (a credit)
if ^([^,]+,){7}-
account2 expenses:unknown
# apply common rules for setting account2 & other tweaks
include common.rules
# apply some overrides specific to this csv
# Transfers from/to bank. These are usually marked Pending,
# which can be disregarded in this case.
if
Bank Account
Bank Deposit to PP Account
description %type for %referencetxnid %itemtitle
account2 assets:bank:wf:pchecking
account1 assets:online:paypal
# Currency conversions
if Currency Conversion
account2 equity:currency conversion
# common.rules
if
darcs
noble benefactor
account2 revenues:foss donations:darcshub
comment2 business:
if
Calm Radio
account2 expenses:online:apps
if
electronic frontier foundation
Patreon
wikimedia
Advent of Code
account2 expenses:dues
if Google
account2 expenses:online:apps
description google | music
$ hledger -f paypal-custom.csv print
2019/10/01 (60P57143A8206782E) Calm Radio MONTHLY - $1 for the first 2 Months: Me - Order 99309. Item total: $1.00 USD first 2 months, then $6.99 / Month ; itemid:, fromemail:simon@joyful.com, toemail:memberships@calmradio.com, time:03:46:20, type:Subscription Payment, status:Completed
assets:online:paypal $-6.99 = $-6.99
expenses:online:apps $6.99
2019/10/01 (0TU1544T080463733) Bank Deposit to PP Account for 60P57143A8206782E ; itemid:, fromemail:, toemail:simon@joyful.com, time:03:46:20, type:Bank Deposit to PP Account, status:Pending
assets:online:paypal $6.99 = $0.00
assets:bank:wf:pchecking $-6.99
2019/10/01 (2722394R5F586712G) Patreon Patreon* Membership ; itemid:, fromemail:simon@joyful.com, toemail:support@patreon.com, time:08:57:01, type:PreApproved Payment Bill User Payment, status:Completed
assets:online:paypal $-7.00 = $-7.00
expenses:dues $7.00
2019/10/01 (71854087RG994194F) Bank Deposit to PP Account for 2722394R5F586712G Patreon* Membership ; itemid:, fromemail:, toemail:simon@joyful.com, time:08:57:01, type:Bank Deposit to PP Account, status:Pending
assets:online:paypal $7.00 = $0.00
assets:bank:wf:pchecking $-7.00
2019/10/19 (K9U43044RY432050M) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Monthly donation to the Wikimedia Foundation ; itemid:, fromemail:simon@joyful.com, toemail:tle@wikimedia.org, time:03:02:12, type:Subscription Payment, status:Completed
assets:online:paypal $-2.00 = $-2.00
expenses:dues $2.00
expenses:banking:paypal ; business:
2019/10/19 (3XJ107139A851061F) Bank Deposit to PP Account for K9U43044RY432050M ; itemid:, fromemail:, toemail:simon@joyful.com, time:03:02:12, type:Bank Deposit to PP Account, status:Pending
assets:online:paypal $2.00 = $0.00
assets:bank:wf:pchecking $-2.00
2019/10/22 (6L8L1662YP1334033) Noble Benefactor Joyful Systems ; itemid:, fromemail:noble@bene.fac.tor, toemail:simon@joyful.com, time:05:07:06, type:Subscription Payment, status:Completed
assets:online:paypal $9.41 = $9.41
revenues:foss donations:darcshub $-10.00 ; business:
expenses:banking:paypal $0.59 ; business:
CSV RULES
The following kinds of rule can appear in the rules file, in any order.
Blank lines and lines beginning with # or ; are ignored.
skip
skip N
The word "skip" followed by a number (or no number, meaning 1) tells
hledger to ignore this many non-empty lines preceding the CSV data.
(Empty/blank lines are skipped automatically.) You'll need this when-
ever your CSV data contains header lines.
It also has a second purpose: it can be used inside if blocks to ignore
certain CSV records (described below).
fields
fields FIELDNAME1, FIELDNAME2, ...
A fields list (the word "fields" followed by comma-separated field
names) is the quick way to assign CSV field values to hledger fields.
It does two things:
1. it names the CSV fields. This is optional, but can be convenient
later for interpolating them.
2. when you use a standard hledger field name, it assigns the CSV value
to that part of the hledger transaction.
Here's an example that says "use the 1st, 2nd and 4th fields as the
transaction's date, description and amount; name the last two fields
for later reference; and ignore the others":
fields date, description, , amount, , , somefield, anotherfield
Field names may not contain whitespace. Fields you don't care about
can be left unnamed. Currently there must be least two items (there
must be at least one comma).
Note, always use comma in the fields list, even if your CSV uses an-
other separator character.
Here are the standard hledger field/pseudo-field names. For more about
the transaction parts they refer to, see the manual for hledger's jour-
nal format.
Transaction field names
date, date2, status, code, description, comment can be used to form the
transaction's first line.
Posting field names
accountN, where N is 1 to 9, generates a posting, with that account
name. Most often there are two postings, so you'll want to set ac-
count1 and account2. If a posting's account name is left unset but its
amount is set, a default account name will be chosen (like expenses:un-
known or income:unknown).
amountN sets posting N's amount. Or, amount with no N sets posting
1's. If the CSV has debits and credits in separate fields, use
amountN-in and amountN-out instead. Or amount-in and amount-out with
no N for posting 1.
For convenience and backwards compatibility, if you set the amount of
posting 1 only, a second posting with the negative amount will be gen-
erated automatically. (Unless the account name is parenthesised indi-
cating an unbalanced posting.)
If the CSV has the currency symbol in a separate field, you can use
currencyN to prepend it to posting N's amount. currency with no N af-
fects ALL postings.
balanceN sets a balance assertion amount (or if the posting amount is
left empty, a balance assignment). You may need to adjust this with
the balance-type rule.
Finally, commentN sets a comment on the Nth posting. Comments can also
contain tags, as usual.
See TIPS below for more about setting amounts and currency.
field assignment
HLEDGERFIELDNAME FIELDVALUE
Instead of or in addition to a fields list, you can use a "field as-
signment" rule to set the value of a single hledger field, by writing
its name (any of the standard hledger field names above) followed by a
text value. The value may contain interpolated CSV fields, referenced
by their 1-based position in the CSV record (%N), or by the name they
were given in the fields list (%CSVFIELDNAME). Some examples:
# set the amount to the 4th CSV field, with " USD" appended
amount %4 USD
# combine three fields to make a comment, containing note: and date: tags
comment note: %somefield - %anotherfield, date: %1
Interpolation strips outer whitespace (so a CSV value like " 1 " be-
comes 1 when interpolated) (#1051). See TIPS below for more about ref-
erencing other fields.
if
if PATTERN
RULE
if
PATTERN
PATTERN
PATTERN
RULE
RULE
Conditional blocks ("if blocks") are a block of rules that are applied
only to CSV records which match certain patterns. They are often used
for customising account names based on transaction descriptions.
A single pattern can be written on the same line as the "if"; or multi-
ple patterns can be written on the following lines, non-indented. Mul-
tiple patterns are OR'd (any one of them can match). Patterns are
case-insensitive regular expressions which try to match anywhere within
the whole CSV record (POSIX extended regular expressions with some ad-
ditions, see https://hledger.org/hledger.html#regular-expressions).
Note the CSV record they see is close to, but not identical to, the one
in the CSV file; enclosing double quotes will be removed, and the sepa-
rator character is always comma.
It's not yet easy to match within a specific field. If the data does
not contain commas, you can hack it with a regular expression like:
# match "foo" in the fourth field
if ^([^,]*,){3}foo
After the patterns there should be one or more rules to apply, all in-
dented by at least one space. Three kinds of rule are allowed in con-
ditional blocks:
o field assignments (to set a hledger field)
o skip (to skip the matched CSV record)
o end (to skip all remaining CSV records).
Examples:
# if the CSV record contains "groceries", set account2 to "expenses:groceries"
if groceries
account2 expenses:groceries
# if the CSV record contains any of these patterns, set account2 and comment as shown
if
monthly service fee
atm transaction fee
banking thru software
account2 expenses:business:banking
comment XXX deductible ? check it
end
This rule can be used inside if blocks (only), to make hledger stop
reading this CSV file and move on to the next input file, or to command
execution. Eg:
# ignore everything following the first empty record
if ,,,,
end
date-format
date-format DATEFMT
This is a helper for the date (and date2) fields. If your CSV dates
are not formatted like YYYY-MM-DD, YYYY/MM/DD or YYYY.MM.DD, you'll
need to add a date-format rule describing them with a strptime date
parsing pattern, which must parse the CSV date value completely. Some
examples:
# MM/DD/YY
date-format %m/%d/%y
# D/M/YYYY
# The - makes leading zeros optional.
date-format %-d/%-m/%Y
# YYYY-Mmm-DD
date-format %Y-%h-%d
# M/D/YYYY HH:MM AM some other junk
# Note the time and junk must be fully parsed, though only the date is used.
date-format %-m/%-d/%Y %l:%M %p some other junk
For the supported strptime syntax, see:
https://hackage.haskell.org/package/time/docs/Data-Time-For-
mat.html#v:formatTime
newest-first
hledger always sorts the generated transactions by date. Transactions
on the same date should appear in the same order as their CSV records,
as hledger can usually auto-detect whether the CSV's normal order is
oldest first or newest first. But if all of the following are true:
o the CSV might sometimes contain just one day of data (all records
having the same date)
o the CSV records are normally in reverse chronological order (newest
at the top)
o and you care about preserving the order of same-day transactions
then, you should add the newest-first rule as a hint. Eg:
# tell hledger explicitly that the CSV is normally newest first
newest-first
include
include RULESFILE
This includes the contents of another CSV rules file at this point.
RULESFILE is an absolute file path or a path relative to the current
file's directory. This can be useful for sharing common rules between
several rules files, eg:
# someaccount.csv.rules
## someaccount-specific rules
fields date,description,amount
account1 assets:someaccount
account2 expenses:misc
## common rules
include categorisation.rules
balance-type
Balance assertions generated by assigning to balanceN are of the simple
= type by default, which is a single-commodity, subaccount-excluding
assertion. You may find the subaccount-including variants more useful,
eg if you have created some virtual subaccounts of checking to help
with budgeting. You can select a different type of assertion with the
balance-type rule:
# balance assertions will consider all commodities and all subaccounts
balance-type ==*
Here are the balance assertion types for quick reference:
= single commodity, exclude subaccounts
=* single commodity, include subaccounts
== multi commodity, exclude subaccounts
==* multi commodity, include subaccounts
TIPS
Rapid feedback
It's a good idea to get rapid feedback while creating/troubleshooting
CSV rules. Here's a good way, using entr from http://eradman.com/entr-
project :
$ ls foo.csv* | entr bash -c 'echo ----; hledger -f foo.csv print desc:SOMEDESC'
A desc: query (eg) is used to select just one, or a few, transactions
of interest. "bash -c" is used to run multiple commands, so we can
echo a separator each time the command re-runs, making it easier to
read the output.
Valid CSV
hledger accepts CSV conforming to RFC 4180. When CSV values are en-
closed in quotes, note:
o they must be double quotes (not single quotes)
o spaces outside the quotes are not allowed
Other separator characters
You can use the --separator 'CHAR' command line option (experimental)
to read other kinds of character-separated data. Eg to read SSV (Semi-
colon Separated Values), use:
$ hledger -f foo.tsv --separator ';' print
Note the semicolon is quoted because it's a special shell character.
To read TSV (Tab Separated Values), use:
$ hledger -f foo.tsv --separator ' ' print
Note, that's a real tab character in quotes, not \t.
Reading multiple CSV files
If you use multiple -f options to read multiple CSV files at once,
hledger will look for a correspondingly-named rules file for each CSV
file. But if you use the --rules-file option, that rules file will be
used for all the CSV files.
Valid transactions
After reading a CSV file, hledger post-processes and validates the gen-
erated journal entries as it would for a journal file - balancing them,
applying balance assignments, and canonicalising amount styles. Any
errors at this stage will be reported in the usual way, displaying the
problem entry.
There is one exception: balance assertions, if you have generated them,
will not be checked, since normally these will work only when the CSV
data is part of the main journal. If you do need to check balance as-
sertions generated from CSV right away, pipe into another hledger:
$ hledger -f file.csv print | hledger -f- print
Deduplicating, importing
When you download a CSV file periodically, eg to get your latest bank
transactions, the new file may overlap with the old one, containing
some of the same records.
The import command will (a) detect the new transactions, and (b) append
just those transactions to your main journal. It is idempotent, so you
don't have to remember how many times you ran it or with which version
of the CSV. (It keeps state in a hidden .latest.FILE.csv file.) This
is the easiest way to import CSV data. Eg:
# download the latest CSV files, then run this command.
# Note, no -f flags needed here.
$ hledger import *.csv [--dry]
This method works for most CSV files. (Where records have a stable
chronological order, and new records appear only at the new end.)
A number of other tools and workflows, hledger-specific and otherwise,
exist for converting, deduplicating, classifying and managing CSV data.
See:
o https://hledger.org -> sidebar -> real world setups
o https://plaintextaccounting.org -> data import/conversion
Setting amounts
A posting amount can be set in one of these ways:
o by assigning (with a fields list or field assigment) to amountN
(posting N's amount) or amount (posting 1's amount)
o by assigning to amountN-in and amountN-out (or amount-in and amount-
out). For each CSV record, whichever of these has a non-zero value
will be used, with appropriate sign. If both contain a non-zero
value, this may not work.
o by assigning to balanceN (or balance) instead of the above, setting
the amount indirectly via a balance assignment. If you do this the
default account name may be wrong, so you should set that explicitly.
There is some special handling for an amount's sign:
o If an amount value is parenthesised, it will be de-parenthesised and
sign-flipped.
o If an amount value begins with a double minus sign, those cancel out
and are removed.
o If an amount value begins with a plus sign, that will be removed
Setting currency/commodity
If the currency/commodity symbol is included in the CSV's amount
field(s), you don't have to do anything special.
If the currency is provided as a separate CSV field, you can either:
o assign that to currency, which adds it to all posting amounts. The
symbol will prepended to the amount quantity (on the left side). If
you write a trailing space after the symbol, there will be a space
between symbol and amount (an exception to the usual whitespace
stripping).
o or assign it to currencyN which adds it to posting N's amount only.
o or for more control, construct the amount from symbol and quantity
using field assignment, eg:
fields date,description,currency,quantity
# add currency symbol on the right:
amount %quantity %currency
Referencing other fields
In field assignments, you can interpolate only CSV fields, not hledger
fields. In the example below, there's both a CSV field and a hledger
field named amount1, but %amount1 always means the CSV field, not the
hledger field:
# Name the third CSV field "amount1"
fields date,description,amount1
# Set hledger's amount1 to the CSV amount1 field followed by USD
amount1 %amount1 USD
# Set comment to the CSV amount1 (not the amount1 assigned above)
comment %amount1
Here, since there's no CSV amount1 field, %amount1 will produce a lit-
eral "amount1":
fields date,description,csvamount
amount1 %csvamount USD
# Can't interpolate amount1 here
comment %amount1
When there are multiple field assignments to the same hledger field,
only the last one takes effect. Here, comment's value will be be B, or
C if "something" is matched, but never A:
comment A
comment B
if something
comment C
How CSV rules are evaluated
Here's how to think of CSV rules being evaluated (if you really need
to). First,
o include - all includes are inlined, from top to bottom, depth first.
(At each include point the file is inlined and scanned for further
includes, recursively, before proceeding.)
Then "global" rules are evaluated, top to bottom. If a rule is re-
peated, the last one wins:
o skip (at top level)
o date-format
o newest-first
o fields - names the CSV fields, optionally sets up initial assignments
to hledger fields
Then for each CSV record in turn:
o test all if blocks. If any of them contain a end rule, skip all re-
maining CSV records. Otherwise if any of them contain a skip rule,
skip that many CSV records. If there are multiple matched skip
rules, the first one wins.
o collect all field assignments at top level and in matched if blocks.
When there are multiple assignments for a field, keep only the last
one.
o compute a value for each hledger field - either the one that was as-
signed to it (and interpolate the %CSVFIELDNAME references), or a de-
fault
o generate a synthetic hledger transaction from these values.
This is all part of the CSV reader, one of several readers hledger can
use to parse input files. When all files have been read successfully,
the transactions are passed as input to whichever hledger command the
user specified.
REPORTING BUGS
Report bugs at http://bugs.hledger.org (or on the #hledger IRC channel
or hledger mail list)
AUTHORS
Simon Michael <simon@joyful.com> and contributors
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 2007-2019 Simon Michael.
Released under GNU GPL v3 or later.
SEE ALSO
hledger(1), hledger-ui(1), hledger-web(1), hledger-api(1),
hledger_csv(5), hledger_journal(5), hledger_timeclock(5), hledger_time-
dot(5), ledger(1)
http://hledger.org
hledger 1.16.99 January 2020 hledger_csv(5)
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