hledger/hledger-lib/Hledger/Data/Valuation.hs

430 lines
20 KiB
Haskell

{-|
Convert amounts to some related value in various ways. This involves
looking up historical market prices (exchange rates) between commodities.
-}
{-# LANGUAGE NamedFieldPuns #-}
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
{-# LANGUAGE RecordWildCards #-}
{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
{-# LANGUAGE DeriveGeneric #-}
module Hledger.Data.Valuation (
ValuationType(..)
,PriceOracle
,journalPriceOracle
,unsupportedValueThenError
-- ,amountApplyValuation
-- ,amountValueAtDate
,mixedAmountApplyValuation
,mixedAmountValueAtDate
,marketPriceReverse
,priceDirectiveToMarketPrice
-- ,priceLookup
,tests_Valuation
)
where
import Control.Applicative ((<|>))
import Data.Decimal (roundTo)
import Data.Function ((&), on)
import Data.Graph.Inductive (Gr, Node, NodeMap, mkMapGraph, mkNode, lab, out, sp)
import Data.List
import Data.List.Extra (nubSortBy)
import qualified Data.Map as M
import Data.Maybe
import qualified Data.Text as T
import Data.Time.Calendar (Day, fromGregorian)
import Data.MemoUgly (memo)
import GHC.Generics (Generic)
import Safe (headMay)
import Hledger.Utils
import Hledger.Data.Types
import Hledger.Data.Amount
import Hledger.Data.Dates (nulldate)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Types
-- | What kind of value conversion should be done on amounts ?
-- CLI: --value=cost|then|end|now|DATE[,COMM]
data ValuationType =
AtCost (Maybe CommoditySymbol) -- ^ convert to cost commodity using transaction prices, then optionally to given commodity using market prices at posting date
| AtThen (Maybe CommoditySymbol) -- ^ convert to default or given valuation commodity, using market prices at each posting's date
| AtEnd (Maybe CommoditySymbol) -- ^ convert to default or given valuation commodity, using market prices at period end(s)
| AtNow (Maybe CommoditySymbol) -- ^ convert to default or given valuation commodity, using current market prices
| AtDate Day (Maybe CommoditySymbol) -- ^ convert to default or given valuation commodity, using market prices on some date
| AtDefault (Maybe CommoditySymbol) -- ^ works like AtNow in single period reports, like AtEnd in multiperiod reports
deriving (Show,Eq)
-- | A snapshot of the known exchange rates between commodity pairs at a given date,
-- as a graph allowing fast lookup and path finding, along with some helper data.
data PriceGraph = PriceGraph {
prGraph :: Gr CommoditySymbol Quantity
-- ^ A directed graph of exchange rates between commodity pairs.
-- Node labels are commodities and edge labels are exchange rates,
-- which were either:
-- declared by P directives,
-- inferred from transaction prices,
-- inferred by reversing a declared rate,
-- or inferred by reversing a transaction-inferred rate.
-- There will be at most one edge between each directed pair of commodities,
-- eg there can be one USD->EUR and one EUR->USD.
,prNodemap :: NodeMap CommoditySymbol
-- ^ Mapping of graph node ids to commodity symbols.
,prDefaultValuationCommodities :: M.Map CommoditySymbol CommoditySymbol
-- ^ The default valuation commodity for each source commodity.
-- These are used when a valuation commodity is not specified
-- (-V). They are the destination commodity of the latest
-- (declared or inferred, but not reverse) each
-- source commodity's latest market price (on the date of this
-- graph).
}
deriving (Show,Generic)
-- | A price oracle is a magic memoising function that efficiently
-- looks up market prices (exchange rates) from one commodity to
-- another (or if unspecified, to a default valuation commodity) on a
-- given date.
type PriceOracle = (Day, CommoditySymbol, Maybe CommoditySymbol) -> Maybe (CommoditySymbol, Quantity)
-- | Generate a price oracle (memoising price lookup function) from a
-- journal's directive-declared and transaction-inferred market
-- prices. For best performance, generate this only once per journal,
-- reusing it across reports if there are more than one, as
-- compoundBalanceCommand does.
-- The boolean argument is whether to infer market prices from
-- transactions or not.
journalPriceOracle :: Bool -> Journal -> PriceOracle
journalPriceOracle infer Journal{jpricedirectives, jinferredmarketprices} =
let
declaredprices = map priceDirectiveToMarketPrice jpricedirectives
inferredprices = if infer then jinferredmarketprices else []
makepricegraph = memo $ makePriceGraph declaredprices inferredprices
in
memo $ uncurry3 $ priceLookup makepricegraph
priceDirectiveToMarketPrice :: PriceDirective -> MarketPrice
priceDirectiveToMarketPrice PriceDirective{..} =
MarketPrice{ mpdate = pddate
, mpfrom = pdcommodity
, mpto = acommodity pdamount
, mprate = aquantity pdamount
}
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Converting things to value
-- | Apply a specified valuation to this mixed amount, using the
-- provided price oracle, commodity styles, reference dates, and
-- whether this is for a multiperiod report or not.
-- See amountApplyValuation.
mixedAmountApplyValuation :: PriceOracle -> M.Map CommoditySymbol AmountStyle -> Day -> Maybe Day -> Day -> Bool -> ValuationType -> MixedAmount -> MixedAmount
mixedAmountApplyValuation priceoracle styles periodlast mreportlast today ismultiperiod v (Mixed as) =
Mixed $ map (amountApplyValuation priceoracle styles periodlast mreportlast today ismultiperiod v) as
-- | Apply a specified valuation to this amount, using the provided
-- price oracle, reference dates, and whether this is for a
-- multiperiod report or not. Also fix up its display style using the
-- provided commodity styles.
--
-- When the valuation requires converting to another commodity, a
-- valuation (conversion) date is chosen based on the valuation type,
-- the provided reference dates, and whether this is for a
-- single-period or multi-period report. It will be one of:
--
-- - a fixed date specified by the ValuationType itself
-- (--value=DATE).
--
-- - the provided "period end" date - this is typically the last day
-- of a subperiod (--value=end with a multi-period report), or of
-- the specified report period or the journal (--value=end with a
-- single-period report).
--
-- - the provided "report end" date - the last day of the specified
-- report period, if any (-V/-X with a report end date).
--
-- - the provided "today" date - (--value=now, or -V/X with no report
-- end date).
--
-- Note --value=then is not supported by this function, and will cause an error;
-- use postingApplyValuation for that.
--
-- This is all a bit complicated. See the reference doc at
-- https://hledger.org/hledger.html#effect-of-valuation-on-reports
-- (hledger_options.m4.md "Effect of valuation on reports"), and #1083.
--
amountApplyValuation :: PriceOracle -> M.Map CommoditySymbol AmountStyle -> Day -> Maybe Day -> Day -> Bool -> ValuationType -> Amount -> Amount
amountApplyValuation priceoracle styles periodlast mreportlast today ismultiperiod v a =
case v of
AtCost Nothing -> styleAmount styles $ amountCost a
AtCost mc -> amountValueAtDate priceoracle styles mc periodlast $ styleAmount styles $ amountCost a
AtThen _mc -> error' unsupportedValueThenError -- PARTIAL:
-- amountValueAtDate priceoracle styles mc periodlast a -- posting date unknown, handle like AtEnd
AtEnd mc -> amountValueAtDate priceoracle styles mc periodlast a
AtNow mc -> amountValueAtDate priceoracle styles mc today a
AtDefault mc | ismultiperiod -> amountValueAtDate priceoracle styles mc periodlast a
AtDefault mc -> amountValueAtDate priceoracle styles mc (fromMaybe today mreportlast) a
AtDate d mc -> amountValueAtDate priceoracle styles mc d a
-- | Standard error message for a report not supporting --value=then.
unsupportedValueThenError :: String
unsupportedValueThenError = "Sorry, --value=then is not yet supported for this kind of report."
-- | Find the market value of each component amount in the given
-- commodity, or its default valuation commodity, at the given
-- valuation date, using the given market price oracle.
-- When market prices available on that date are not sufficient to
-- calculate the value, amounts are left unchanged.
mixedAmountValueAtDate :: PriceOracle -> M.Map CommoditySymbol AmountStyle -> Maybe CommoditySymbol -> Day -> MixedAmount -> MixedAmount
mixedAmountValueAtDate priceoracle styles mc d (Mixed as) = Mixed $ map (amountValueAtDate priceoracle styles mc d) as
-- | Find the market value of this amount in the given valuation
-- commodity if any, otherwise the default valuation commodity, at the
-- given valuation date. (The default valuation commodity is the
-- commodity of the latest applicable market price before the
-- valuation date.)
--
-- The returned amount will have its commodity's canonical style applied,
-- but with the precision adjusted to show all significant decimal digits
-- up to a maximum of 8. (experimental)
--
-- If the market prices available on that date are not sufficient to
-- calculate this value, the amount is left unchanged.
amountValueAtDate :: PriceOracle -> M.Map CommoditySymbol AmountStyle -> Maybe CommoditySymbol -> Day -> Amount -> Amount
amountValueAtDate priceoracle styles mto d a =
case priceoracle (d, acommodity a, mto) of
Nothing -> a
Just (comm, rate) ->
-- setNaturalPrecisionUpTo 8 $ -- XXX force higher precision in case amount appears to be zero ?
-- Make default display style use precision 2 instead of 0 ?
-- Leave as is for now; mentioned in manual.
styleAmount styles
amount{acommodity=comm, aquantity=rate * aquantity a}
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Market price lookup
-- | Given a memoising price graph generator, a valuation date, a
-- source commodity and an optional valuation commodity, find the
-- value on that date of one unit of the source commodity in the
-- valuation commodity, or in a default valuation commodity. Returns
-- the valuation commodity that was specified or chosen, and the
-- quantity of it that one unit of the source commodity is worth. Or
-- if no applicable market price can be found or calculated, or if the
-- source commodity and the valuation commodity are the same, returns
-- Nothing.
--
-- See makePriceGraph for how prices are determined.
-- Note that both market prices and default valuation commodities can
-- vary with valuation date, since that determines which market prices
-- are visible.
--
priceLookup :: (Day -> PriceGraph) -> Day -> CommoditySymbol -> Maybe CommoditySymbol -> Maybe (CommoditySymbol, Quantity)
priceLookup makepricegraph d from mto =
-- trace ("priceLookup ("++show d++", "++show from++", "++show mto++")") $
let
-- build a graph of the commodity exchange rates in effect on this day
-- XXX should hide these fgl details better
PriceGraph{prGraph=g, prNodemap=m, prDefaultValuationCommodities=defaultdests} =
traceAt 1 ("valuation date: "++show d) $ makepricegraph d
fromnode = node m from
mto' = mto <|> mdefaultto
where
mdefaultto = dbg1 ("default valuation commodity for "++T.unpack from) $
M.lookup from defaultdests
in
case mto' of
Nothing -> Nothing
Just to | to==from -> Nothing
Just to ->
-- We have a commodity to convert to. Find the most direct price available.
case mindirectprice of
Nothing -> Nothing
Just q -> Just (to, q)
where
tonode = node m to
mindirectprice :: Maybe Quantity =
-- Find the shortest path, if any, between from and to.
case sp fromnode tonode g :: Maybe [Node] of
Nothing -> Nothing
Just nodes ->
dbg ("market price for "++intercalate " -> " (map T.unpack comms)) $
-- TODO: it would be nice to include price date as part of the label
-- in PriceGraph, so we could show the dates of market prices here
Just $ product $ pathEdgeLabels g nodes -- convert to a single exchange rate
where comms = catMaybes $ map (lab g) nodes
-- log a message and a Maybe Quantity, hiding Just/Nothing and limiting decimal places
dbg msg = dbg1With (((msg++": ")++) . maybe "" (show . roundTo 8))
tests_priceLookup =
let
p y m d from q to = MarketPrice{mpdate=fromGregorian y m d, mpfrom=from, mpto=to, mprate=q}
ps1 = [
p 2000 01 01 "A" 10 "B"
,p 2000 01 01 "B" 10 "C"
,p 2000 01 01 "C" 10 "D"
,p 2000 01 01 "E" 2 "D"
,p 2001 01 01 "A" 11 "B"
]
makepricegraph = makePriceGraph ps1 []
in test "priceLookup" $ do
priceLookup makepricegraph (fromGregorian 1999 01 01) "A" Nothing @?= Nothing
priceLookup makepricegraph (fromGregorian 2000 01 01) "A" Nothing @?= Just ("B",10)
priceLookup makepricegraph (fromGregorian 2000 01 01) "B" (Just "A") @?= Just ("A",0.1)
priceLookup makepricegraph (fromGregorian 2000 01 01) "A" (Just "E") @?= Just ("E",500)
-- | Build the graph of commodity conversion prices for a given day.
-- Converts a list of declared market prices in parse order, and a
-- list of transaction-inferred market prices in parse order, to a
-- graph of all known exchange rates between commodity pairs in effect
-- on that day. Cf hledger.m4.md -> Valuation:
--
-- hledger looks for a market price (exchange rate) from commodity A
-- to commodity B in one or more of these ways, in this order of
-- preference:
--
-- 1. A *declared market price* or *inferred market price*:
-- A's latest market price in B on or before the valuation date
-- as declared by a P directive, or (with the `--infer-value` flag)
-- inferred from transaction prices.
--
-- 2. A *reverse market price*:
-- the inverse of a declared or inferred market price from B to A.
--
-- 3. A *chained market price*:
-- a synthetic price formed by combining the shortest chain of market
-- prices (any of the above types) leading from A to B.
--
-- 1 and 2 form the edges of the price graph, and we can query it for
-- 3 (which is the reason we use a graph).
--
-- We also identify each commodity's default valuation commodity, if
-- any. For each commodity A, hledger picks a default valuation
-- commodity as follows, in this order of preference:
--
-- 1. The price commodity from the latest declared market price for A
-- on or before valuation date.
--
-- 2. The price commodity from the latest declared market price for A
-- on any date. (Allows conversion to proceed if there are inferred
-- prices before the valuation date.)
--
-- 3. If there are no P directives at all (any commodity or date), and
-- the `--infer-value` flag is used, then the price commodity from
-- the latest transaction price for A on or before valuation date.
--
makePriceGraph :: [MarketPrice] -> [MarketPrice] -> Day -> PriceGraph
makePriceGraph alldeclaredprices allinferredprices d =
dbg9 ("makePriceGraph "++show d) $
PriceGraph{prGraph=g, prNodemap=m, prDefaultValuationCommodities=defaultdests}
where
-- prices in effect on date d, either declared or inferred
visibledeclaredprices = filter ((<=d).mpdate) alldeclaredprices
visibleinferredprices = filter ((<=d).mpdate) allinferredprices
declaredandinferredprices = dbg2 "declaredandinferredprices" $
effectiveMarketPrices visibledeclaredprices visibleinferredprices
-- infer any additional reverse prices not already declared or inferred
reverseprices = dbg2 "reverseprices" $
map marketPriceReverse declaredandinferredprices \\ declaredandinferredprices
-- build the graph and associated node map
(g, m) =
mkMapGraph
(dbg9 "price graph labels" $ sort allcomms) -- this must include all nodes mentioned in edges
(dbg9 "price graph edges" $ [(mpfrom, mpto, mprate) | MarketPrice{..} <- prices])
:: (Gr CommoditySymbol Quantity, NodeMap CommoditySymbol)
where
prices = declaredandinferredprices ++ reverseprices
allcomms = map mpfrom prices
-- determine a default valuation commodity for each source commodity
-- somewhat but not quite like effectiveMarketPrices
defaultdests = M.fromList [(mpfrom,mpto) | MarketPrice{..} <- pricesfordefaultcomms]
where
pricesfordefaultcomms = dbg2 "prices for choosing default valuation commodities, by date then parse order" $
ps
& zip [1..] -- label items with their parse order
& sortBy (compare `on` (\(parseorder,MarketPrice{..})->(mpdate,parseorder))) -- sort by increasing date then increasing parse order
& map snd -- discard labels
where
ps | not $ null visibledeclaredprices = visibledeclaredprices
| not $ null alldeclaredprices = alldeclaredprices
| otherwise = visibleinferredprices -- will be null without --infer-value
-- | Given a list of P-declared market prices in parse order and a
-- list of transaction-inferred market prices in parse order, select
-- just the latest prices that are in effect for each commodity pair.
-- That is, for each commodity pair, the latest price by date then
-- parse order, with declared prices having precedence over inferred
-- prices on the same day.
effectiveMarketPrices :: [MarketPrice] -> [MarketPrice] -> [MarketPrice]
effectiveMarketPrices declaredprices inferredprices =
let
-- label each item with its same-day precedence, then parse order
declaredprices' = [(1, i, p) | (i,p) <- zip [1..] declaredprices]
inferredprices' = [(0, i, p) | (i,p) <- zip [1..] inferredprices]
in
-- combine
declaredprices' ++ inferredprices'
-- sort by decreasing date then decreasing precedence then decreasing parse order
& sortBy (flip compare `on` (\(precedence,parseorder,mp)->(mpdate mp,precedence,parseorder)))
-- discard the sorting labels
& map third3
-- keep only the first (ie the newest, highest precedence, latest parsed) price for each pair
& nubSortBy (compare `on` (\(MarketPrice{..})->(mpfrom,mpto)))
marketPriceReverse :: MarketPrice -> MarketPrice
marketPriceReverse mp@MarketPrice{..} =
mp{mpfrom=mpto, mpto=mpfrom, mprate=if mprate==0 then 0 else 1/mprate} -- PARTIAL: /
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- fgl helpers
-- | Look up an existing graph node by its label.
-- (If the node does not exist, a new one will be generated, but not
-- persisted in the nodemap.)
node :: Ord a => NodeMap a -> a -> Node
node m = fst . fst . mkNode m
-- | Convert a valid path within the given graph to the corresponding
-- edge labels. When there are multiple edges between two nodes, the
-- lowest-sorting label is used.
pathEdgeLabels :: (Show b, Ord b) => Gr a b -> [Node] -> [b]
pathEdgeLabels g = map frommaybe . map (nodesEdgeLabel g) . pathEdges
where frommaybe = fromMaybe (error' "pathEdgeLabels: expected no Nothings here") -- PARTIAL:
-- | Convert a path to node pairs representing the path's edges.
pathEdges :: [Node] -> [(Node,Node)]
pathEdges p = [(f,t) | f:t:_ <- tails p]
-- | Get the label of a graph edge from one node to another.
-- When there are multiple such edges, the lowest-sorting label is used.
nodesEdgeLabel :: Ord b => Gr a b -> (Node, Node) -> Maybe b
nodesEdgeLabel g (from,to) = headMay $ sort [l | (_,t,l) <- out g from, t==to]
nullmarketprice :: MarketPrice
nullmarketprice = MarketPrice {
mpdate=nulldate
,mpfrom=""
,mpto=""
,mprate=0
}
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
tests_Valuation = tests "Valuation" [
tests_priceLookup
,test "marketPriceReverse" $ do
marketPriceReverse nullmarketprice{mprate=2} @?= nullmarketprice{mprate=0.5}
marketPriceReverse nullmarketprice @?= nullmarketprice -- the reverse of a 0 price is a 0 price
]