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280 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
280 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
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hledger_csv(5) hledger User Manuals hledger_csv(5)
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NAME
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CSV - how hledger reads CSV data, and the CSV rules file format
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DESCRIPTION
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hledger can read CSV (comma-separated value) files as if they were
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journal files, automatically converting each CSV record into a transac-
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tion. (To learn about writing CSV, see CSV output.)
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Converting CSV to transactions requires some special conversion rules.
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These do several things:
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o they describe the layout and format of the CSV data
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o they can customize the generated journal entries using a simple tem-
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plating language
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o they can add refinements based on patterns in the CSV data, eg cate-
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gorizing transactions with more detailed account names.
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When reading a CSV file named FILE.csv, hledger looks for a conversion
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rules file named FILE.csv.rules in the same directory. You can over-
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ride this with the --rules-file option. If the rules file does not ex-
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ist, hledger will auto-create one with some example rules, which you'll
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need to adjust.
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At minimum, the rules file must identify the date and amount fields.
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It's often necessary to specify the date format, and the number of
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header lines to skip, also. Eg:
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fields date, _, _, amount
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date-format %d/%m/%Y
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skip 1
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A more complete example:
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# hledger CSV rules for amazon.com order history
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# sample:
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# "Date","Type","To/From","Name","Status","Amount","Fees","Transaction ID"
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# "Jul 29, 2012","Payment","To","Adapteva, Inc.","Completed","$25.00","$0.00","17LA58JSK6PRD4HDGLNJQPI1PB9N8DKPVHL"
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# skip one header line
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skip 1
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# name the csv fields (and assign the transaction's date, amount and code)
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fields date, _, toorfrom, name, amzstatus, amount, fees, code
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# how to parse the date
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date-format %b %-d, %Y
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# combine two fields to make the description
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description %toorfrom %name
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# save these fields as tags
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comment status:%amzstatus, fees:%fees
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# set the base account for all transactions
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account1 assets:amazon
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# flip the sign on the amount
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amount -%amount
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For more examples, see Convert CSV files.
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CSV RULES
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The following seven kinds of rule can appear in the rules file, in any
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order. Blank lines and lines beginning with # or ; are ignored.
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skip
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skipN
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Skip this number of CSV records at the beginning. You'll need this
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whenever your CSV data contains header lines. Eg:
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# ignore the first CSV line
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skip 1
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date-format
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date-formatDATEFMT
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When your CSV date fields are not formatted like YYYY/MM/DD (or YYYY-
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MM-DD or YYYY.MM.DD), you'll need to specify the format. DATEFMT is a
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strptime-like date parsing pattern, which must parse the date field
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values completely. Examples:
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# for dates like "11/06/2013":
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date-format %m/%d/%Y
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# for dates like "6/11/2013" (note the - to make leading zeros optional):
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date-format %-d/%-m/%Y
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# for dates like "2013-Nov-06":
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date-format %Y-%h-%d
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# for dates like "11/6/2013 11:32 PM":
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date-format %-m/%-d/%Y %l:%M %p
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field list
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fieldsFIELDNAME1, FIELDNAME2...
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This (a) names the CSV fields, in order (names may not contain white-
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space; uninteresting names may be left blank), and (b) assigns them to
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journal entry fields if you use any of these standard field names:
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date, date2, status, code, description, comment, account1, account2,
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amount, amount-in, amount-out, currency, balance, balance1, balance2.
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Eg:
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# use the 1st, 2nd and 4th CSV fields as the entry's date, description and amount,
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# and give the 7th and 8th fields meaningful names for later reference:
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#
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# CSV field:
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# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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# entry field:
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fields date, description, , amount, , , somefield, anotherfield
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field assignment
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ENTRYFIELDNAME FIELDVALUE
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This sets a journal entry field (one of the standard names above) to
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the given text value, which can include CSV field values interpolated
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by name (%CSVFIELDNAME) or 1-based position (%N). Eg:
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# set the amount to the 4th CSV field with "USD " prepended
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amount USD %4
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# combine three fields to make a comment (containing two tags)
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comment note: %somefield - %anotherfield, date: %1
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Field assignments can be used instead of or in addition to a field
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list.
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Note, interpolation strips any outer whitespace, so a CSV value like "
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1 " becomes 1 when interpolated (#1051).
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conditional block
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if PATTERN
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FIELDASSIGNMENTS...
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if
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PATTERN
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PATTERN...
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FIELDASSIGNMENTS...
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This applies one or more field assignments, only to those CSV records
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matched by one of the PATTERNs. The patterns are case-insensitive reg-
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ular expressions which match anywhere within the whole CSV record (it's
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not yet possible to match within a specific field). When there are
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multiple patterns they can be written on separate lines, unindented.
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The field assignments are on separate lines indented by at least one
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space. Examples:
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# if the CSV record contains "groceries", set account2 to "expenses:groceries"
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if groceries
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account2 expenses:groceries
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# if the CSV record contains any of these patterns, set account2 and comment as shown
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if
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monthly service fee
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atm transaction fee
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banking thru software
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account2 expenses:business:banking
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comment XXX deductible ? check it
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include
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includeRULESFILE
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Include another rules file at this point. RULESFILE is either an abso-
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lute file path or a path relative to the current file's directory. Eg:
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# rules reused with several CSV files
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include common.rules
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newest-first
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newest-first
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Consider adding this rule if all of the following are true: you might
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be processing just one day of data, your CSV records are in reverse
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chronological order (newest first), and you care about preserving the
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order of same-day transactions. It usually isn't needed, because
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hledger autodetects the CSV order, but when all CSV records have the
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same date it will assume they are oldest first.
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CSV TIPS
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CSV ordering
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The generated journal entries will be sorted by date. The order of
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same-day entries will be preserved (except in the special case where
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you might need newest-first, see above).
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CSV accounts
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Each journal entry will have two postings, to account1 and account2 re-
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spectively. It's not yet possible to generate entries with more than
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two postings. It's conventional and recommended to use account1 for
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the account whose CSV we are reading.
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CSV amounts
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A transaction amount must be set, in one of these ways:
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o with an amount field assignment, which sets the first posting's
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amount
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o (When the CSV has debit and credit amounts in separate fields:)
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with field assignments for the amount-in and amount-out pseudo fields
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(both of them). Whichever one has a value will be used, with appropri-
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ate sign. If both contain a value, it might not work so well.
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o or implicitly by means of a balance assignment (see below).
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There is some special handling for sign in amounts:
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o If an amount value is parenthesised, it will be de-parenthesised and
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sign-flipped.
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o If an amount value begins with a double minus sign, those will cancel
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out and be removed.
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If the currency/commodity symbol is provided as a separate CSV field,
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assign it to the currency pseudo field; the symbol will be prepended to
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the amount (TODO: when there is an amount). Or, you can use an amount
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field assignment for more control, eg:
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fields date,description,currency,amount
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amount %amount %currency
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CSV balance assertions/assignments
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If the CSV includes a running balance, you can assign that to one of
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the pseudo fields balance (or balance1) or balance2. This will gener-
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ate a balance assertion (or if the amount is left empty, a balance as-
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signment), on the first or second posting, whenever the running balance
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field is non-empty. (TODO: #1000)
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Reading multiple CSV files
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You can read multiple CSV files at once using multiple -f arguments on
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the command line, and hledger will look for a correspondingly-named
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rules file for each. Note if you use the --rules-file option, this one
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rules file will be used for all the CSV files being read.
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Valid CSV
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hledger follows RFC 4180, with the addition of a customisable separator
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character.
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Some things to note:
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When quoting fields,
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o you must use double quotes, not single quotes
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o spaces outside the quotes are not allowed.
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REPORTING BUGS
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Report bugs at http://bugs.hledger.org (or on the #hledger IRC channel
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or hledger mail list)
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AUTHORS
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Simon Michael <simon@joyful.com> and contributors
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COPYRIGHT
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Copyright (C) 2007-2019 Simon Michael.
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Released under GNU GPL v3 or later.
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SEE ALSO
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hledger(1), hledger-ui(1), hledger-web(1), hledger-api(1),
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hledger_csv(5), hledger_journal(5), hledger_timeclock(5), hledger_time-
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dot(5), ledger(1)
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http://hledger.org
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hledger 1.15.99 September 2019 hledger_csv(5)
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