@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ Squeal data definition language.
20 , LambdaCase
20 , LambdaCase
21 , MultiParamTypeClasses
21 , MultiParamTypeClasses
23 , OverloadedStrings
22 , OverloadedStrings
24 , RankNTypes
23 , RankNTypes
25 , ScopedTypeVariables
24 , ScopedTypeVariables
@@ -27,7 +26,6 @@ Squeal data definition language.
27 , TypeInType
26 , TypeInType
28 , TypeOperators
27 , TypeOperators
29 , UndecidableSuperClasses
28 , UndecidableSuperClasses
30− , UndecidableInstances
33module Squeal.PostgreSQL.Definition
31module Squeal.PostgreSQL.Definition
@@ -35,16 +33,84 @@ module Squeal.PostgreSQL.Definition
35 Definition (..)
33 Definition (..)
37 , manipDefinition
35 , manipDefinition
39+ , createSchemaIfNotExists
41+ , createTableIfNotExists
45+ , createTypeComposite
46+ , createTypeCompositeFrom
52+ , TableConstraintExpression (..)
58+ , OnDeleteClause (..)
59+ , OnUpdateClause (..)
84+ , ColumnTypeExpression (..)
40import Control.Category
96import Control.Category
41import Control.DeepSeq
97import Control.DeepSeq
42import Data.ByteString
98import Data.ByteString
43import Data.Monoid
99import Data.Monoid
44import Prelude hiding ((.), id)
101import Prelude hiding ((.), id)
103+import qualified Generics.SOP as SOP
46import qualified GHC.Generics as GHC
104import qualified GHC.Generics as GHC
106+import Squeal.PostgreSQL.Alias
107+import Squeal.PostgreSQL.Expression
108+import Squeal.PostgreSQL.Expression.Logic
109+import Squeal.PostgreSQL.Expression.Sort
110+import Squeal.PostgreSQL.Expression.Type
111+import Squeal.PostgreSQL.List
112+import Squeal.PostgreSQL.PG
113+import Squeal.PostgreSQL.Query
48import Squeal.PostgreSQL.Manipulation
114import Squeal.PostgreSQL.Manipulation
49import Squeal.PostgreSQL.Render
115import Squeal.PostgreSQL.Render
50import Squeal.PostgreSQL.Schema
116import Squeal.PostgreSQL.Schema
@@ -80,3 +146,1074 @@ manipDefinition
80 -- ^ no input or output
146 -- ^ no input or output
81 -> Definition schemas schemas
147 -> Definition schemas schemas
82manipDefinition = UnsafeDefinition . (<> ";") . renderSQL
148manipDefinition = UnsafeDefinition . (<> ";") . renderSQL
150+{-----------------------------------------
152+-----------------------------------------}
155+`createSchema` enters a new schema into the current database.
156+The schema name must be distinct from the name of any existing schema
157+in the current database.
159+A schema is essentially a namespace: it contains named objects
160+(tables, data types, functions, and operators) whose names
161+can duplicate those of other objects existing in other schemas.
162+Named objects are accessed by `QualifiedAlias`es with the schema
168+ -> Definition schemas (Create sch '[] schemas)
169+createSchema sch = UnsafeDefinition $
170+ "CREATE" <+> "SCHEMA" <+> renderSQL sch <> ";"
172+{- | Idempotent version of `createSchema`. -}
173+createSchemaIfNotExists
174+ :: (KnownSymbol sch, Has sch schemas schema)
176+ -> Definition schemas schemas
177+createSchemaIfNotExists sch = UnsafeDefinition $
178+ "CREATE" <+> "SCHEMA" <+> "IF" <+> "NOT" <+> "EXISTS"
179+ <+> renderSQL sch <> ";"
181+{- | `createTable` adds a table to the schema.
183+>>> :set -XOverloadedLabels
186+ '[ "a" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGint4
187+ , "b" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGfloat4 ]
192+ setup :: Definition (Public '[]) (Public '["tab" ::: 'Table Table])
193+ setup = createTable #tab
194+ (nullable int `as` #a :* nullable real `as` #b) Nil
197+CREATE TABLE "tab" ("a" int NULL, "b" real NULL);
200+ :: ( KnownSymbol sch
202+ , columns ~ (col ': cols)
203+ , SOP.SListI columns
204+ , SOP.SListI constraints
205+ , Has sch schemas0 schema0
206+ , schemas1 ~ Alter sch (Create tab ('Table (constraints :=> columns)) schema0) schemas0 )
207+ => QualifiedAlias sch tab -- ^ the name of the table to add
208+ -> NP (Aliased (ColumnTypeExpression schemas0)) columns
209+ -- ^ the names and datatype of each column
210+ -> NP (Aliased (TableConstraintExpression sch tab schemas1)) constraints
211+ -- ^ constraints that must hold for the table
212+ -> Definition schemas0 schemas1
213+createTable tab columns constraints = UnsafeDefinition $
214+ "CREATE TABLE" <+> renderCreation tab columns constraints
216+{-| `createTableIfNotExists` creates a table if it doesn't exist, but does not add it to the schema.
217+Instead, the schema already has the table so if the table did not yet exist, the schema was wrong.
218+`createTableIfNotExists` fixes this. Interestingly, this property makes it an idempotent in
219+the `Category` of `Definition`s.
221+>>> :set -XOverloadedLabels -XTypeApplications
224+ '[ "a" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGint4
225+ , "b" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGfloat4 ]
228+>>> type Schemas = Public '["tab" ::: 'Table Table]
232+ setup :: Definition Schemas Schemas
233+ setup = createTableIfNotExists #tab
234+ (nullable int `as` #a :* nullable real `as` #b) Nil
237+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "tab" ("a" int NULL, "b" real NULL);
239+createTableIfNotExists
240+ :: ( Has sch schemas schema
241+ , Has tab schema ('Table (constraints :=> columns))
242+ , SOP.SListI columns
243+ , SOP.SListI constraints )
244+ => QualifiedAlias sch tab -- ^ the name of the table to add
245+ -> NP (Aliased (ColumnTypeExpression schemas)) columns
246+ -- ^ the names and datatype of each column
247+ -> NP (Aliased (TableConstraintExpression sch tab schemas)) constraints
248+ -- ^ constraints that must hold for the table
249+ -> Definition schemas schemas
250+createTableIfNotExists tab columns constraints = UnsafeDefinition $
251+ "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS"
252+ <+> renderCreation tab columns constraints
254+-- helper function for `createTable` and `createTableIfNotExists`
256+ :: ( KnownSymbol sch
258+ , SOP.SListI columns
259+ , SOP.SListI constraints )
260+ => QualifiedAlias sch tab -- ^ the name of the table to add
261+ -> NP (Aliased (ColumnTypeExpression schemas0)) columns
262+ -- ^ the names and datatype of each column
263+ -> NP (Aliased (TableConstraintExpression sch tab schemas1)) constraints
264+ -- ^ constraints that must hold for the table
266+renderCreation tab columns constraints = renderSQL tab
268+ ( renderCommaSeparated renderColumnDef columns
269+ <> ( case constraints of
272+ renderCommaSeparated renderConstraint constraints ) )
275+ renderColumnDef :: Aliased (ColumnTypeExpression schemas) x -> ByteString
276+ renderColumnDef (ty `As` column) =
277+ renderSQL column <+> renderColumnTypeExpression ty
279+ :: Aliased (TableConstraintExpression sch tab schemas) constraint
281+ renderConstraint (constraint `As` alias) =
282+ "CONSTRAINT" <+> renderSQL alias <+> renderSQL constraint
284+-- | Data types are a way to limit the kind of data that can be stored in a
285+-- table. For many applications, however, the constraint they provide is
286+-- too coarse. For example, a column containing a product price should
287+-- probably only accept positive values. But there is no standard data type
288+-- that accepts only positive numbers. Another issue is that you might want
289+-- to constrain column data with respect to other columns or rows.
290+-- For example, in a table containing product information,
291+-- there should be only one row for each product number.
292+-- `TableConstraint`s give you as much control over the data in your tables
293+-- as you wish. If a user attempts to store data in a column that would
294+-- violate a constraint, an error is raised. This applies
295+-- even if the value came from the default value definition.
296+newtype TableConstraintExpression
299+ (schemas :: SchemasType)
300+ (constraint :: TableConstraint)
301+ = UnsafeTableConstraintExpression
302+ { renderTableConstraintExpression :: ByteString }
303+ deriving (GHC.Generic,Show,Eq,Ord,NFData)
305+ (TableConstraintExpression sch tab schemas constraint) where
306+ renderSQL = renderTableConstraintExpression
308+{-| A `check` constraint is the most generic `TableConstraint` type.
309+It allows you to specify that the value in a certain column must satisfy
310+a Boolean (truth-value) expression.
314+ "tab" ::: 'Table ('[ "inequality" ::: 'Check '["a","b"]] :=> '[
315+ "a" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'NotNull 'PGint4,
316+ "b" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'NotNull 'PGint4
322+ definition :: Definition (Public '[]) (Public Schema)
323+ definition = createTable #tab
324+ ( (int & notNullable) `as` #a :*
325+ (int & notNullable) `as` #b )
326+ ( check (#a :* #b) (#a .> #b) `as` #inequality )
329+>>> printSQL definition
330+CREATE TABLE "tab" ("a" int NOT NULL, "b" int NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT "inequality" CHECK (("a" > "b")));
333+ :: ( Has sch schemas schema
334+ , Has tab schema ('Table table)
335+ , HasAll aliases (TableToRow table) subcolumns )
337+ -- ^ specify the subcolumns which are getting checked
338+ -> (forall t. Condition '[] '[] 'Ungrouped schemas '[] '[t ::: subcolumns])
339+ -- ^ a closed `Condition` on those subcolumns
340+ -> TableConstraintExpression sch tab schemas ('Check aliases)
341+check _cols condition = UnsafeTableConstraintExpression $
342+ "CHECK" <+> parenthesized (renderSQL condition)
344+{-| A `unique` constraint ensure that the data contained in a column,
345+or a group of columns, is unique among all the rows in the table.
349+ "tab" ::: 'Table( '[ "uq_a_b" ::: 'Unique '["a","b"]] :=> '[
350+ "a" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGint4,
351+ "b" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGint4
357+ definition :: Definition (Public '[]) (Public Schema)
358+ definition = createTable #tab
359+ ( (int & nullable) `as` #a :*
360+ (int & nullable) `as` #b )
361+ ( unique (#a :* #b) `as` #uq_a_b )
364+>>> printSQL definition
365+CREATE TABLE "tab" ("a" int NULL, "b" int NULL, CONSTRAINT "uq_a_b" UNIQUE ("a", "b"));
368+ :: ( Has sch schemas schema
369+ , Has tab schema('Table table)
370+ , HasAll aliases (TableToRow table) subcolumns )
372+ -- ^ specify subcolumns which together are unique for each row
373+ -> TableConstraintExpression sch tab schemas ('Unique aliases)
374+unique columns = UnsafeTableConstraintExpression $
375+ "UNIQUE" <+> parenthesized (renderSQL columns)
377+{-| A `primaryKey` constraint indicates that a column, or group of columns,
378+can be used as a unique identifier for rows in the table.
379+This requires that the values be both unique and not null.
383+ "tab" ::: 'Table ('[ "pk_id" ::: 'PrimaryKey '["id"]] :=> '[
384+ "id" ::: 'Def :=> 'NotNull 'PGint4,
385+ "name" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'NotNull 'PGtext
391+ definition :: Definition (Public '[]) (Public Schema)
392+ definition = createTable #tab
393+ ( serial `as` #id :*
394+ (text & notNullable) `as` #name )
395+ ( primaryKey #id `as` #pk_id )
398+>>> printSQL definition
399+CREATE TABLE "tab" ("id" serial, "name" text NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT "pk_id" PRIMARY KEY ("id"));
402+ :: ( Has sch schemas schema
403+ , Has tab schema ('Table table)
404+ , HasAll aliases (TableToColumns table) subcolumns
405+ , AllNotNull subcolumns )
407+ -- ^ specify the subcolumns which together form a primary key.
408+ -> TableConstraintExpression sch tab schemas ('PrimaryKey aliases)
409+primaryKey columns = UnsafeTableConstraintExpression $
410+ "PRIMARY KEY" <+> parenthesized (renderSQL columns)
412+{-| A `foreignKey` specifies that the values in a column
413+(or a group of columns) must match the values appearing in some row of
414+another table. We say this maintains the referential integrity
415+between two related tables.
419+ '[ "users" ::: 'Table (
420+ '[ "pk_users" ::: 'PrimaryKey '["id"] ] :=>
421+ '[ "id" ::: 'Def :=> 'NotNull 'PGint4
422+ , "name" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'NotNull 'PGtext
424+ , "emails" ::: 'Table (
425+ '[ "pk_emails" ::: 'PrimaryKey '["id"]
426+ , "fk_user_id" ::: 'ForeignKey '["user_id"] "users" '["id"]
428+ '[ "id" ::: 'Def :=> 'NotNull 'PGint4
429+ , "user_id" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'NotNull 'PGint4
430+ , "email" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGtext
437+ setup :: Definition (Public '[]) (Public Schema)
440+ ( serial `as` #id :*
441+ (text & notNullable) `as` #name )
442+ ( primaryKey #id `as` #pk_users ) >>>
444+ ( serial `as` #id :*
445+ (int & notNullable) `as` #user_id :*
446+ (text & nullable) `as` #email )
447+ ( primaryKey #id `as` #pk_emails :*
448+ foreignKey #user_id #users #id
449+ OnDeleteCascade OnUpdateCascade `as` #fk_user_id )
452+CREATE TABLE "users" ("id" serial, "name" text NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT "pk_users" PRIMARY KEY ("id"));
453+CREATE TABLE "emails" ("id" serial, "user_id" int NOT NULL, "email" text NULL, CONSTRAINT "pk_emails" PRIMARY KEY ("id"), CONSTRAINT "fk_user_id" FOREIGN KEY ("user_id") REFERENCES "users" ("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE);
455+A `foreignKey` can even be a table self-reference.
459+ '[ "employees" ::: 'Table (
460+ '[ "employees_pk" ::: 'PrimaryKey '["id"]
461+ , "employees_employer_fk" ::: 'ForeignKey '["employer_id"] "employees" '["id"]
463+ '[ "id" ::: 'Def :=> 'NotNull 'PGint4
464+ , "name" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'NotNull 'PGtext
465+ , "employer_id" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGint4
472+ setup :: Definition (Public '[]) (Public Schema)
474+ createTable #employees
475+ ( serial `as` #id :*
476+ (text & notNullable) `as` #name :*
477+ (integer & nullable) `as` #employer_id )
478+ ( primaryKey #id `as` #employees_pk :*
479+ foreignKey #employer_id #employees #id
480+ OnDeleteCascade OnUpdateCascade `as` #employees_employer_fk )
483+CREATE TABLE "employees" ("id" serial, "name" text NOT NULL, "employer_id" integer NULL, CONSTRAINT "employees_pk" PRIMARY KEY ("id"), CONSTRAINT "employees_employer_fk" FOREIGN KEY ("employer_id") REFERENCES "employees" ("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE);
486+ :: (ForeignKeyed schemas sch schema child parent
492+ -- ^ column or columns in the table
494+ -- ^ reference table
495+ -> NP Alias refcolumns
496+ -- ^ reference column or columns in the reference table
498+ -- ^ what to do when reference is deleted
500+ -- ^ what to do when reference is updated
501+ -> TableConstraintExpression sch child schemas
502+ ('ForeignKey columns parent refcolumns)
503+foreignKey keys parent refs ondel onupd = UnsafeTableConstraintExpression $
504+ "FOREIGN KEY" <+> parenthesized (renderSQL keys)
505+ <+> "REFERENCES" <+> renderSQL parent
506+ <+> parenthesized (renderSQL refs)
510+-- | A constraint synonym between types involved in a foreign key constraint.
511+type ForeignKeyed schemas
519+ ( Has sch schemas schema
520+ , Has child schema ('Table table)
521+ , Has parent schema ('Table reftable)
522+ , HasAll columns (TableToColumns table) tys
523+ , reftable ~ (constraints :=> cols)
524+ , HasAll refcolumns cols reftys
525+ , SOP.AllZip SamePGType tys reftys
526+ , Uniquely refcolumns constraints )
528+-- | `OnDeleteClause` indicates what to do with rows that reference a deleted row.
531+ -- ^ if any referencing rows still exist when the constraint is checked,
532+ -- an error is raised
533+ | OnDeleteRestrict -- ^ prevents deletion of a referenced row
535+ -- ^ specifies that when a referenced row is deleted,
536+ -- row(s) referencing it should be automatically deleted as well
537+ deriving (GHC.Generic,Show,Eq,Ord)
538+instance NFData OnDeleteClause
539+-- | Render `OnDeleteClause`.
540+instance RenderSQL OnDeleteClause where
542+ OnDeleteNoAction -> "ON DELETE NO ACTION"
543+ OnDeleteRestrict -> "ON DELETE RESTRICT"
544+ OnDeleteCascade -> "ON DELETE CASCADE"
546+-- | Analagous to `OnDeleteClause` there is also `OnUpdateClause` which is invoked
547+-- when a referenced column is changed (updated).
550+ -- ^ if any referencing rows has not changed when the constraint is checked,
551+ -- an error is raised
552+ | OnUpdateRestrict -- ^ prevents update of a referenced row
554+ -- ^ the updated values of the referenced column(s) should be copied
555+ -- into the referencing row(s)
556+ deriving (GHC.Generic,Show,Eq,Ord)
557+instance NFData OnUpdateClause
559+-- | Render `OnUpdateClause`.
560+instance RenderSQL OnUpdateClause where
562+ OnUpdateNoAction -> "ON UPDATE NO ACTION"
563+ OnUpdateRestrict -> "ON UPDATE RESTRICT"
564+ OnUpdateCascade -> "ON UPDATE CASCADE"
566+{-----------------------------------------
568+-----------------------------------------}
572+-- definition :: Definition '["muh_schema" ::: schema, "public" ::: public] '["public" ::: public]
573+-- definition = dropSchema #muh_schema
576+-- >>> printSQL definition
577+-- DROP SCHEMA "muh_schema";
579+ :: Has sch schemas schema
581+ -> Definition schemas (Drop sch schemas)
582+dropSchema sch = UnsafeDefinition $ "DROP SCHEMA" <+> renderSQL sch <> ";"
584+-- | `dropTable` removes a table from the schema.
588+-- definition :: Definition '["public" ::: '["muh_table" ::: 'Table t]] (Public '[])
589+-- definition = dropTable #muh_table
592+-- >>> printSQL definition
593+-- DROP TABLE "muh_table";
595+ :: ( Has sch schemas schema
596+ , Has tab schema ('Table table))
597+ => QualifiedAlias sch tab -- ^ table to remove
598+ -> Definition schemas (Alter sch (Drop tab schema) schemas)
599+dropTable tab = UnsafeDefinition $ "DROP TABLE" <+> renderSQL tab <> ";"
601+{-----------------------------------------
603+-----------------------------------------}
605+-- | `alterTable` changes the definition of a table from the schema.
607+ :: (Has sch schemas schema, Has tab schema ('Table table0))
608+ => QualifiedAlias sch tab -- ^ table to alter
609+ -> AlterTable sch tab schemas table1 -- ^ alteration to perform
610+ -> Definition schemas (Alter sch (Alter tab ('Table table1) schema) schemas)
611+alterTable tab alteration = UnsafeDefinition $
614+ <+> renderAlterTable alteration
617+-- | `alterTableRename` changes the name of a table from the schema.
619+-- >>> printSQL $ alterTableRename #foo #bar
620+-- ALTER TABLE "foo" RENAME TO "bar";
622+ :: (KnownSymbol table0, KnownSymbol table1)
623+ => Alias table0 -- ^ table to rename
624+ -> Alias table1 -- ^ what to rename it
625+ -> Definition schema (Rename table0 table1 schema)
626+alterTableRename table0 table1 = UnsafeDefinition $
627+ "ALTER TABLE" <+> renderSQL table0
628+ <+> "RENAME TO" <+> renderSQL table1 <> ";"
630+-- | An `AlterTable` describes the alteration to perform on the columns
635+ (schemas :: SchemasType)
636+ (table :: TableType) =
637+ UnsafeAlterTable {renderAlterTable :: ByteString}
638+ deriving (GHC.Generic,Show,Eq,Ord,NFData)
640+-- | An `addConstraint` adds a table constraint.
644+-- definition :: Definition
645+-- '["public" ::: '["tab" ::: 'Table ('[] :=> '["col" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'NotNull 'PGint4])]]
646+-- '["public" ::: '["tab" ::: 'Table ('["positive" ::: 'Check '["col"]] :=> '["col" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'NotNull 'PGint4])]]
647+-- definition = alterTable #tab (addConstraint #positive (check #col (#col .> 0)))
648+-- in printSQL definition
650+-- ALTER TABLE "tab" ADD CONSTRAINT "positive" CHECK (("col" > 0));
652+ :: ( KnownSymbol alias
653+ , Has sch schemas schema
654+ , Has tab schema ('Table table0)
655+ , table0 ~ (constraints :=> columns)
656+ , table1 ~ (Create alias constraint constraints :=> columns) )
658+ -> TableConstraintExpression sch tab schemas constraint
659+ -- ^ constraint to add
660+ -> AlterTable sch tab schemas table1
661+addConstraint alias constraint = UnsafeAlterTable $
662+ "ADD" <+> "CONSTRAINT" <+> renderSQL alias
663+ <+> renderSQL constraint
665+-- | A `dropConstraint` drops a table constraint.
669+-- definition :: Definition
670+-- '["public" ::: '["tab" ::: 'Table ('["positive" ::: Check '["col"]] :=> '["col" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'NotNull 'PGint4])]]
671+-- '["public" ::: '["tab" ::: 'Table ('[] :=> '["col" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'NotNull 'PGint4])]]
672+-- definition = alterTable #tab (dropConstraint #positive)
673+-- in printSQL definition
675+-- ALTER TABLE "tab" DROP CONSTRAINT "positive";
677+ :: ( KnownSymbol constraint
678+ , Has sch schemas schema
679+ , Has tab schema ('Table table0)
680+ , table0 ~ (constraints :=> columns)
681+ , table1 ~ (Drop constraint constraints :=> columns) )
683+ -- ^ constraint to drop
684+ -> AlterTable sch tab schemas table1
685+dropConstraint constraint = UnsafeAlterTable $
686+ "DROP" <+> "CONSTRAINT" <+> renderSQL constraint
688+-- | An `AddColumn` is either @NULL@ or has @DEFAULT@.
689+class AddColumn ty where
690+ -- | `addColumn` adds a new column, initially filled with whatever
691+ -- default value is given or with @NULL@.
695+ -- definition :: Definition
696+ -- '["public" ::: '["tab" ::: 'Table ('[] :=> '["col1" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGint4])]]
697+ -- '["public" ::: '["tab" ::: 'Table ('[] :=>
698+ -- '[ "col1" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGint4
699+ -- , "col2" ::: 'Def :=> 'Null 'PGtext ])]]
700+ -- definition = alterTable #tab (addColumn #col2 (text & nullable & default_ "foo"))
701+ -- in printSQL definition
703+ -- ALTER TABLE "tab" ADD COLUMN "col2" text NULL DEFAULT E'foo';
707+ -- definition :: Definition
708+ -- '["public" ::: '["tab" ::: 'Table ('[] :=> '["col1" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGint4])]]
709+ -- '["public" ::: '["tab" ::: 'Table ('[] :=>
710+ -- '[ "col1" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGint4
711+ -- , "col2" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGtext ])]]
712+ -- definition = alterTable #tab (addColumn #col2 (text & nullable))
713+ -- in printSQL definition
715+ -- ALTER TABLE "tab" ADD COLUMN "col2" text NULL;
717+ :: ( KnownSymbol column
718+ , Has sch schemas schema
719+ , Has tab schema ('Table table0)
720+ , table0 ~ (constraints :=> columns) )
721+ => Alias column -- ^ column to add
722+ -> ColumnTypeExpression schemas ty -- ^ type of the new column
723+ -> AlterTable sch tab schemas (constraints :=> Create column ty columns)
724+ addColumn column ty = UnsafeAlterTable $
725+ "ADD COLUMN" <+> renderSQL column <+> renderColumnTypeExpression ty
726+instance {-# OVERLAPPING #-} AddColumn ('Def :=> ty)
727+instance {-# OVERLAPPABLE #-} AddColumn ('NoDef :=> 'Null ty)
729+-- | A `dropColumn` removes a column. Whatever data was in the column
730+-- disappears. Table constraints involving the column are dropped, too.
731+-- However, if the column is referenced by a foreign key constraint of
732+-- another table, PostgreSQL will not silently drop that constraint.
736+-- definition :: Definition
737+-- '["public" ::: '["tab" ::: 'Table ('[] :=>
738+-- '[ "col1" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGint4
739+-- , "col2" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGtext ])]]
740+-- '["public" ::: '["tab" ::: 'Table ('[] :=> '["col1" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGint4])]]
741+-- definition = alterTable #tab (dropColumn #col2)
742+-- in printSQL definition
744+-- ALTER TABLE "tab" DROP COLUMN "col2";
746+ :: ( KnownSymbol column
747+ , Has sch schemas schema
748+ , Has tab schema ('Table table0)
749+ , table0 ~ (constraints :=> columns)
750+ , table1 ~ (constraints :=> Drop column columns) )
751+ => Alias column -- ^ column to remove
752+ -> AlterTable sch tab schemas table1
753+dropColumn column = UnsafeAlterTable $
754+ "DROP COLUMN" <+> renderSQL column
756+-- | A `renameColumn` renames a column.
760+-- definition :: Definition
761+-- '["public" ::: '["tab" ::: 'Table ('[] :=> '["foo" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGint4])]]
762+-- '["public" ::: '["tab" ::: 'Table ('[] :=> '["bar" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGint4])]]
763+-- definition = alterTable #tab (renameColumn #foo #bar)
764+-- in printSQL definition
766+-- ALTER TABLE "tab" RENAME COLUMN "foo" TO "bar";
768+ :: ( KnownSymbol column0
769+ , KnownSymbol column1
770+ , Has sch schemas schema
771+ , Has tab schema ('Table table0)
772+ , table0 ~ (constraints :=> columns)
773+ , table1 ~ (constraints :=> Rename column0 column1 columns) )
774+ => Alias column0 -- ^ column to rename
775+ -> Alias column1 -- ^ what to rename the column
776+ -> AlterTable sch tab schemas table1
777+renameColumn column0 column1 = UnsafeAlterTable $
778+ "RENAME COLUMN" <+> renderSQL column0 <+> "TO" <+> renderSQL column1
780+-- | An `alterColumn` alters a single column.
782+ :: ( KnownSymbol column
783+ , Has sch schemas schema
784+ , Has tab schema ('Table table0)
785+ , table0 ~ (constraints :=> columns)
786+ , Has column columns ty0
787+ , table1 ~ (constraints :=> Alter column ty1 columns))
788+ => Alias column -- ^ column to alter
789+ -> AlterColumn schemas ty0 ty1 -- ^ alteration to perform
790+ -> AlterTable sch tab schemas table1
791+alterColumn column alteration = UnsafeAlterTable $
792+ "ALTER COLUMN" <+> renderSQL column <+> renderAlterColumn alteration
794+-- | An `AlterColumn` describes the alteration to perform on a single column.
795+newtype AlterColumn (schemas :: SchemasType) (ty0 :: ColumnType) (ty1 :: ColumnType) =
796+ UnsafeAlterColumn {renderAlterColumn :: ByteString}
797+ deriving (GHC.Generic,Show,Eq,Ord,NFData)
799+-- | A `setDefault` sets a new default for a column. Note that this doesn't
800+-- affect any existing rows in the table, it just changes the default for
801+-- future insert and update commands.
805+-- definition :: Definition
806+-- '["public" ::: '["tab" ::: 'Table ('[] :=> '["col" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGint4])]]
807+-- '["public" ::: '["tab" ::: 'Table ('[] :=> '["col" ::: 'Def :=> 'Null 'PGint4])]]
808+-- definition = alterTable #tab (alterColumn #col (setDefault 5))
809+-- in printSQL definition
811+-- ALTER TABLE "tab" ALTER COLUMN "col" SET DEFAULT 5;
813+ :: Expression '[] '[] 'Ungrouped schemas '[] '[] ty -- ^ default value to set
814+ -> AlterColumn schemas (constraint :=> ty) ('Def :=> ty)
815+setDefault expression = UnsafeAlterColumn $
816+ "SET DEFAULT" <+> renderExpression expression
818+-- | A `dropDefault` removes any default value for a column.
822+-- definition :: Definition
823+-- '["public" ::: '["tab" ::: 'Table ('[] :=> '["col" ::: 'Def :=> 'Null 'PGint4])]]
824+-- '["public" ::: '["tab" ::: 'Table ('[] :=> '["col" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGint4])]]
825+-- definition = alterTable #tab (alterColumn #col dropDefault)
826+-- in printSQL definition
828+-- ALTER TABLE "tab" ALTER COLUMN "col" DROP DEFAULT;
829+dropDefault :: AlterColumn schemas ('Def :=> ty) ('NoDef :=> ty)
830+dropDefault = UnsafeAlterColumn $ "DROP DEFAULT"
832+-- | A `setNotNull` adds a @NOT NULL@ constraint to a column.
833+-- The constraint will be checked immediately, so the table data must satisfy
834+-- the constraint before it can be added.
838+-- definition :: Definition
839+-- '["public" ::: '["tab" ::: 'Table ('[] :=> '["col" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGint4])]]
840+-- '["public" ::: '["tab" ::: 'Table ('[] :=> '["col" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'NotNull 'PGint4])]]
841+-- definition = alterTable #tab (alterColumn #col setNotNull)
842+-- in printSQL definition
844+-- ALTER TABLE "tab" ALTER COLUMN "col" SET NOT NULL;
846+ :: AlterColumn schemas (constraint :=> 'Null ty) (constraint :=> 'NotNull ty)
847+setNotNull = UnsafeAlterColumn $ "SET NOT NULL"
849+-- | A `dropNotNull` drops a @NOT NULL@ constraint from a column.
853+-- definition :: Definition
854+-- '["public" ::: '["tab" ::: 'Table ('[] :=> '["col" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'NotNull 'PGint4])]]
855+-- '["public" ::: '["tab" ::: 'Table ('[] :=> '["col" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGint4])]]
856+-- definition = alterTable #tab (alterColumn #col dropNotNull)
857+-- in printSQL definition
859+-- ALTER TABLE "tab" ALTER COLUMN "col" DROP NOT NULL;
861+ :: AlterColumn schemas (constraint :=> 'NotNull ty) (constraint :=> 'Null ty)
862+dropNotNull = UnsafeAlterColumn $ "DROP NOT NULL"
864+-- | An `alterType` converts a column to a different data type.
865+-- This will succeed only if each existing entry in the column can be
866+-- converted to the new type by an implicit cast.
870+-- definition :: Definition
871+-- '["public" ::: '["tab" ::: 'Table ('[] :=> '["col" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'NotNull 'PGint4])]]
872+-- '["public" ::: '["tab" ::: 'Table ('[] :=> '["col" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'NotNull 'PGnumeric])]]
874+-- alterTable #tab (alterColumn #col (alterType (numeric & notNullable)))
875+-- in printSQL definition
877+-- ALTER TABLE "tab" ALTER COLUMN "col" TYPE numeric NOT NULL;
878+alterType :: ColumnTypeExpression schemas ty -> AlterColumn schemas ty0 ty
879+alterType ty = UnsafeAlterColumn $ "TYPE" <+> renderColumnTypeExpression ty
882+>>> type ABC = '["a" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGint4, "b" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGint4, "c" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGint4]
883+>>> type BC = '["b" ::: 'Null 'PGint4, "c" ::: 'Null 'PGint4]
886+ definition :: Definition
887+ '[ "public" ::: '["abc" ::: 'Table ('[] :=> ABC)]]
888+ '[ "public" ::: '["abc" ::: 'Table ('[] :=> ABC), "bc" ::: 'View BC]]
890+ createView #bc (select_ (#b :* #c) (from (table #abc)))
891+in printSQL definition
893+CREATE VIEW "bc" AS SELECT "b" AS "b", "c" AS "c" FROM "abc" AS "abc";
896+ :: (KnownSymbol sch, KnownSymbol vw, Has sch schemas schema)
897+ => QualifiedAlias sch vw -- ^ the name of the view to add
898+ -> Query '[] '[] schemas '[] view -- ^ query
899+ -> Definition schemas (Alter sch (Create vw ('View view) schema) schemas)
900+createView alias query = UnsafeDefinition $
901+ "CREATE" <+> "VIEW" <+> renderSQL alias <+> "AS"
902+ <+> renderQuery query <> ";"
908+-- definition :: Definition
909+-- '[ "public" ::: '["abc" ::: 'Table ('[] :=> '["a" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGint4, "b" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGint4, "c" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGint4])
910+-- , "bc" ::: 'View ('["b" ::: 'Null 'PGint4, "c" ::: 'Null 'PGint4])]]
911+-- '[ "public" ::: '["abc" ::: 'Table ('[] :=> '["a" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGint4, "b" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGint4, "c" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGint4])]]
912+-- definition = dropView #bc
913+-- in printSQL definition
917+ :: (Has sch schemas schema, Has vw schema ('View view))
918+ => QualifiedAlias sch vw -- ^ view to remove
919+ -> Definition schemas (Alter sch (Drop vw schema) schemas)
920+dropView vw = UnsafeDefinition $ "DROP VIEW" <+> renderSQL vw <> ";"
922+-- | Enumerated types are created using the `createTypeEnum` command, for example
924+-- >>> printSQL $ (createTypeEnum #mood (label @"sad" :* label @"ok" :* label @"happy") :: Definition (Public '[]) '["public" ::: '["mood" ::: 'Typedef ('PGenum '["sad","ok","happy"])]])
925+-- CREATE TYPE "mood" AS ENUM ('sad', 'ok', 'happy');
927+ :: (KnownSymbol enum, Has sch schemas schema, SOP.All KnownSymbol labels)
928+ => QualifiedAlias sch enum
929+ -- ^ name of the user defined enumerated type
930+ -> NP PGlabel labels
931+ -- ^ labels of the enumerated type
932+ -> Definition schemas (Alter sch (Create enum ('Typedef ('PGenum labels)) schema) schemas)
933+createTypeEnum enum labels = UnsafeDefinition $
934+ "CREATE" <+> "TYPE" <+> renderSQL enum <+> "AS" <+> "ENUM" <+>
935+ parenthesized (renderSQL labels) <> ";"
937+-- | Enumerated types can also be generated from a Haskell type, for example
939+-- >>> data Schwarma = Beef | Lamb | Chicken deriving GHC.Generic
940+-- >>> instance SOP.Generic Schwarma
941+-- >>> instance SOP.HasDatatypeInfo Schwarma
944+-- createSchwarma :: Definition (Public '[]) '["public" ::: '["schwarma" ::: 'Typedef (PG (Enumerated Schwarma))]]
945+-- createSchwarma = createTypeEnumFrom @Schwarma #schwarma
947+-- printSQL createSchwarma
949+-- CREATE TYPE "schwarma" AS ENUM ('Beef', 'Lamb', 'Chicken');
951+ :: forall hask sch enum schemas schema.
953+ , SOP.All KnownSymbol (LabelsPG hask)
955+ , Has sch schemas schema )
956+ => QualifiedAlias sch enum
957+ -- ^ name of the user defined enumerated type
958+ -> Definition schemas (Alter sch (Create enum ('Typedef (PG (Enumerated hask))) schema) schemas)
959+createTypeEnumFrom enum = createTypeEnum enum
960+ (SOP.hpure label :: NP PGlabel (LabelsPG hask))
962+{- | `createTypeComposite` creates a composite type. The composite type is
963+specified by a list of attribute names and data types.
966+type PGcomplex = 'PGcomposite
967+ '[ "real" ::: 'NotNull 'PGfloat8
968+ , "imaginary" ::: 'NotNull 'PGfloat8 ]
973+ setup :: Definition (Public '[]) '["public" ::: '["complex" ::: 'Typedef PGcomplex]]
974+ setup = createTypeComposite #complex
975+ (float8 `as` #real :* float8 `as` #imaginary)
978+CREATE TYPE "complex" AS ("real" float8, "imaginary" float8);
981+ :: (KnownSymbol ty, Has sch schemas schema, SOP.SListI fields)
982+ => QualifiedAlias sch ty
983+ -- ^ name of the user defined composite type
984+ -> NP (Aliased (TypeExpression schemas)) fields
985+ -- ^ list of attribute names and data types
986+ -> Definition schemas (Alter sch (Create ty ('Typedef ('PGcomposite fields)) schema) schemas)
987+createTypeComposite ty fields = UnsafeDefinition $
988+ "CREATE" <+> "TYPE" <+> renderSQL ty <+> "AS" <+> parenthesized
989+ (renderCommaSeparated renderField fields) <> ";"
991+ renderField :: Aliased (TypeExpression schemas) x -> ByteString
992+ renderField (typ `As` alias) =
993+ renderSQL alias <+> renderSQL typ
995+-- | Composite types can also be generated from a Haskell type, for example
997+-- >>> data Complex = Complex {real :: Double, imaginary :: Double} deriving GHC.Generic
998+-- >>> instance SOP.Generic Complex
999+-- >>> instance SOP.HasDatatypeInfo Complex
1000+-- >>> type Schema = '["complex" ::: 'Typedef (PG (Composite Complex))]
1003+-- createComplex :: Definition (Public '[]) (Public Schema)
1004+-- createComplex = createTypeCompositeFrom @Complex #complex
1006+-- printSQL createComplex
1008+-- CREATE TYPE "complex" AS ("real" float8, "imaginary" float8);
1009+createTypeCompositeFrom
1010+ :: forall hask sch ty schemas schema.
1011+ ( SOP.All (FieldTyped schemas) (RowPG hask)
1013+ , Has sch schemas schema )
1014+ => QualifiedAlias sch ty
1015+ -- ^ name of the user defined composite type
1016+ -> Definition schemas (Alter sch (Create ty ( 'Typedef (PG (Composite hask))) schema) schemas)
1017+createTypeCompositeFrom ty = createTypeComposite ty
1018+ (SOP.hcpure (SOP.Proxy :: SOP.Proxy (FieldTyped schemas)) fieldtype
1019+ :: NP (Aliased (TypeExpression schemas)) (RowPG hask))
1022+`createDomain` creates a new domain. A domain is essentially a data type
1023+with constraints (restrictions on the allowed set of values).
1025+Domains are useful for abstracting common constraints on fields
1026+into a single location for maintenance. For example, several tables might
1027+contain email address columns, all requiring the same `check` constraint
1028+to verify the address syntax. Define a domain rather than setting up
1029+each table's constraint individually.
1033+ createPositive :: Definition (Public '[]) (Public '["positive" ::: 'Typedef 'PGfloat4])
1034+ createPositive = createDomain #positive real (#value .> 0 .&& (#value & isNotNull))
1035+in printSQL createPositive
1037+CREATE DOMAIN "positive" AS real CHECK ((("value" > 0) AND "value" IS NOT NULL));
1040+ :: (Has sch schemas schema, KnownSymbol dom)
1041+ => QualifiedAlias sch dom
1042+ -> (forall null. TypeExpression schemas (null ty))
1043+ -> (forall tab. Condition '[] '[] 'Ungrouped schemas '[] '[tab ::: '["value" ::: 'Null ty]])
1044+ -> Definition schemas (Alter sch (Create dom ('Typedef ty) schema) schemas)
1045+createDomain dom ty condition =
1046+ UnsafeDefinition $ "CREATE DOMAIN" <+> renderSQL dom
1047+ <+> "AS" <+> renderTypeExpression ty
1048+ <+> "CHECK" <+> parenthesized (renderSQL condition) <> ";"
1053+ createSmallIntRange :: Definition (Public '[]) (Public '["int2range" ::: 'Typedef ('PGrange 'PGint2)])
1054+ createSmallIntRange = createTypeRange #int2range int2
1055+in printSQL createSmallIntRange
1057+CREATE TYPE "int2range" AS RANGE (subtype = int2);
1060+ :: (Has sch schemas schema, KnownSymbol range)
1061+ => QualifiedAlias sch range
1062+ -> (forall null. TypeExpression schemas (null ty))
1063+ -> Definition schemas (Alter sch (Create range ('Typedef ('PGrange ty)) schema) schemas)
1064+createTypeRange range ty = UnsafeDefinition $
1065+ "CREATE" <+> "TYPE" <+> renderSQL range <+> "AS" <+> "RANGE" <+>
1066+ parenthesized ("subtype" <+> "=" <+> renderTypeExpression ty) <> ";"
1070+type Table = '[] :=>
1071+ '[ "a" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGint4
1072+ , "b" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGfloat4 ]
1077+ setup :: Definition (Public '[]) (Public '["tab" ::: 'Table Table, "ix" ::: 'Index])
1079+ createTable #tab (nullable int `as` #a :* nullable real `as` #b) Nil >>>
1080+ createIndex #ix #tab Gin [#a & AscNullsFirst, #b & AscNullsLast]
1083+CREATE TABLE "tab" ("a" int NULL, "b" real NULL);
1084+CREATE INDEX "ix" ON "tab" USING gin (("a" ASC NULLS FIRST), ("b" ASC NULLS LAST));
1087+ :: (Has sch schemas schema, Has tab schema ('Table table), KnownSymbol ix)
1089+ -> QualifiedAlias sch tab
1091+ -> [SortExpression '[] '[] 'Ungrouped schemas '[] '[tab ::: TableToRow table]]
1092+ -> Definition schemas (Alter sch (Create ix 'Index schema) schemas)
1093+createIndex ix tab method cols = UnsafeDefinition $
1094+ "CREATE" <+> "INDEX" <+> renderSQL ix <+> "ON" <+> renderSQL tab
1095+ <+> "USING" <+> renderSQL method
1096+ <+> parenthesized (commaSeparated (parenthesized . renderSQL <$> cols))
1106+ deriving stock (Eq, Ord, Show, GHC.Generic)
1107+ deriving anyclass (SOP.HasDatatypeInfo, SOP.Generic)
1108+instance RenderSQL IndexMethod where
1118+ :: (Has sch schemas schema, KnownSymbol fun)
1119+ => QualifiedAlias sch fun
1120+ -> TypeExpression schemas arg
1121+ -> TypeExpression schemas ret
1122+ -> FunctionDefinition schemas arg ret
1123+ -> Definition schemas (Alter sch (Create fun ('Function arg ret) schema) schemas)
1124+createFunction fun arg ret fundef = UnsafeDefinition $
1125+ "CREATE" <+> "FUNCTION" <+> renderSQL fun <+> parenthesized (renderSQL arg)
1126+ <+> "RETURNS" <+> renderSQL ret <+> renderSQL fundef <> ";"
1129+ :: (Has sch schemas schema, Has fun schema ('Function arg ret))
1130+ => QualifiedAlias sch fun
1131+ -- ^ name of the user defined function
1132+ -> Definition schemas (Alter sch (Drop ix schema) schemas)
1133+dropFunction fun = UnsafeDefinition $
1134+ "DROP" <+> "Function" <+> renderSQL fun <> ";"
1136+newtype FunctionDefinition schemas arg ret = UnsafeFunctionDefinition
1137+ { renderFunctionDefinition :: ByteString }
1138+ deriving (Eq,Show,GHC.Generic,NFData)
1139+instance RenderSQL (FunctionDefinition schemas arg ret) where
1140+ renderSQL = renderFunctionDefinition
1143+-- >>> printSQL (dropIndex #ix :: Definition (Public '["ix" ::: 'Index]) (Public '[]))
1146+ :: (Has sch schemas schema, Has ix schema 'Index)
1147+ => QualifiedAlias sch ix
1148+ -- ^ name of the user defined index
1149+ -> Definition schemas (Alter sch (Drop ix schema) schemas)
1150+dropIndex ix = UnsafeDefinition $ "DROP" <+> "INDEX" <+> renderSQL ix <> ";"
1152+-- | Lift `PGTyped` to a field
1153+class FieldTyped schemas ty where
1154+ fieldtype :: Aliased (TypeExpression schemas) ty
1155+instance (KnownSymbol alias, PGTyped schemas ty)
1156+ => FieldTyped schemas (alias ::: ty) where
1157+ fieldtype = pgtype `As` Alias
1161+-- >>> data Schwarma = Beef | Lamb | Chicken deriving GHC.Generic
1162+-- >>> instance SOP.Generic Schwarma
1163+-- >>> instance SOP.HasDatatypeInfo Schwarma
1164+-- >>> printSQL (dropType #schwarma :: Definition '["public" ::: '["schwarma" ::: 'Typedef (PG (Enumerated Schwarma))]] (Public '[]))
1165+-- DROP TYPE "schwarma";
1167+ :: (Has sch schemas schema, Has td schema ('Typedef ty))
1168+ => QualifiedAlias sch td
1169+ -- ^ name of the user defined type
1170+ -> Definition schemas (Alter sch (Drop td schema) schemas)
1171+dropType tydef = UnsafeDefinition $ "DROP" <+> "TYPE" <+> renderSQL tydef <> ";"
1173+-- | `ColumnTypeExpression`s are used in `createTable` commands.
1174+newtype ColumnTypeExpression (schemas :: SchemasType) (ty :: ColumnType)
1175+ = UnsafeColumnTypeExpression { renderColumnTypeExpression :: ByteString }
1176+ deriving (GHC.Generic,Show,Eq,Ord,NFData)
1177+instance RenderSQL (ColumnTypeExpression schemas ty) where
1178+ renderSQL = renderColumnTypeExpression
1180+-- | used in `createTable` commands as a column constraint to note that
1181+-- @NULL@ may be present in a column
1183+ :: TypeExpression schemas (nullity ty)
1184+ -> ColumnTypeExpression schemas ('NoDef :=> 'Null ty)
1185+nullable ty = UnsafeColumnTypeExpression $ renderSQL ty <+> "NULL"
1187+-- | used in `createTable` commands as a column constraint to ensure
1188+-- @NULL@ is not present in a column
1190+ :: TypeExpression schemas (nullity ty)
1191+ -> ColumnTypeExpression schemas ('NoDef :=> 'NotNull ty)
1192+notNullable ty = UnsafeColumnTypeExpression $ renderSQL ty <+> "NOT NULL"
1194+-- | used in `createTable` commands as a column constraint to give a default
1196+ :: Expression '[] '[] 'Ungrouped schemas '[] '[] ty
1197+ -> ColumnTypeExpression schemas ('NoDef :=> ty)
1198+ -> ColumnTypeExpression schemas ('Def :=> ty)
1199+default_ x ty = UnsafeColumnTypeExpression $
1200+ renderSQL ty <+> "DEFAULT" <+> renderExpression x
1202+-- | not a true type, but merely a notational convenience for creating
1203+-- unique identifier columns with type `PGint2`
1204+serial2, smallserial
1205+ :: ColumnTypeExpression schemas ('Def :=> 'NotNull 'PGint2)
1206+serial2 = UnsafeColumnTypeExpression "serial2"
1207+smallserial = UnsafeColumnTypeExpression "smallserial"
1208+-- | not a true type, but merely a notational convenience for creating
1209+-- unique identifier columns with type `PGint4`
1211+ :: ColumnTypeExpression schemas ('Def :=> 'NotNull 'PGint4)
1212+serial4 = UnsafeColumnTypeExpression "serial4"
1213+serial = UnsafeColumnTypeExpression "serial"
1214+-- | not a true type, but merely a notational convenience for creating
1215+-- unique identifier columns with type `PGint8`
1217+ :: ColumnTypeExpression schemas ('Def :=> 'NotNull 'PGint8)
1218+serial8 = UnsafeColumnTypeExpression "serial8"
1219+bigserial = UnsafeColumnTypeExpression "bigserial"