// subclassing is not transitive when you can remove required parameters and add optional parameters class C { foo(x: number, y: number) { } } class D extends C { foo(x: number) { } // ok to drop parameters } class E extends D { foo(x: number, y?: string) { } // ok to add optional parameters } var c: C; var d: D; var e: E; c = e; var r = c.foo(1, 1); var r2 = e.foo(1, '');