@@ -1,29 +1,48 @@
1−{-# LANGUAGE BangPatterns #-}
1+{-# LANGUAGE BangPatterns, CPP, MagicHash, Rank2Types, UnboxedTuples #-}
22{-# OPTIONS_GHC -fno-warn-orphans #-}
3+#if __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ >= 702
4+{-# LANGUAGE Trustworthy #-}
5+#endif
6+#if __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ >= 708
7+{-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies #-}
8+#endif
39
410-- |
511-- Module : Data.Text
6−-- Copyright : (c) Tom Harper 2008-2009,
7−-- (c) Bryan O'Sullivan 2009,
8−-- (c) Duncan Coutts 2009
12+-- Copyright : (c) 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 Bryan O'Sullivan,
13+-- (c) 2009 Duncan Coutts,
14+-- (c) 2008, 2009 Tom Harper
915--
1016-- License : BSD-style
11−-- Maintainer : rtharper@aftereternity.co.uk, bos@serpentine.com,
12−-- duncan@haskell.org
17+-- Maintainer : bos@serpentine.com
1318-- Stability : experimental
1419-- Portability : GHC
1520--
16−-- A time and space-efficient implementation of Unicode text using
17−-- packed Word16 arrays. Suitable for performance critical use, both
18−-- in terms of large data quantities and high speed.
21+-- A time and space-efficient implementation of Unicode text.
22+-- Suitable for performance critical use, both in terms of large data
23+-- quantities and high speed.
24+--
25+-- /Note/: Read below the synopsis for important notes on the use of
26+-- this module.
1927--
2028-- This module is intended to be imported @qualified@, to avoid name
2129-- clashes with "Prelude" functions, e.g.
2230--
2331-- > import qualified Data.Text as T
32+--
33+-- To use an extended and very rich family of functions for working
34+-- with Unicode text (including normalization, regular expressions,
35+-- non-standard encodings, text breaking, and locales), see
36+-- <http://hackage.haskell.org/package/text-icu the text-icu package >.
2437
2538module Data.Text
2639 (
40+ -- * Strict vs lazy types
41+ -- $strict
42+
43+ -- * Acceptable data
44+ -- $replacement
45+
2746 -- * Fusion
2847 -- $fusion
2948
@@ -47,6 +66,7 @@ module Data.Text
4766 , init
4867 , null
4968 , length
69+ , compareLength
5070
5171 -- * Transformations
5272 , map
@@ -54,6 +74,19 @@ module Data.Text
5474 , intersperse
5575 , transpose
5676 , reverse
77+ , replace
78+
79+ -- ** Case conversion
80+ -- $case
81+ , toCaseFold
82+ , toLower
83+ , toUpper
84+ , toTitle
85+
86+ -- ** Justification
87+ , justifyLeft
88+ , justifyRight
89+ , center
5790
5891 -- * Folds
5992 , foldl
@@ -92,21 +125,32 @@ module Data.Text
92125
93126 -- ** Breaking strings
94127 , take
128+ , takeEnd
95129 , drop
130+ , dropEnd
96131 , takeWhile
132+ , takeWhileEnd
97133 , dropWhile
134+ , dropWhileEnd
135+ , dropAround
136+ , strip
137+ , stripStart
138+ , stripEnd
98139 , splitAt
99− , span
140+ , breakOn
141+ , breakOnEnd
100142 , break
143+ , span
101144 , group
102145 , groupBy
103146 , inits
104147 , tails
105148
106149 -- ** Breaking into many substrings
150+ -- $split
151+ , splitOn
107152 , split
108− , splitWith
109− , breakSubstring
153+ , chunksOf
110154
111155 -- ** Breaking into lines and words
112156 , lines
@@ -120,137 +164,309 @@ module Data.Text
120164 , isSuffixOf
121165 , isInfixOf
122166
167+ -- ** View patterns
168+ , stripPrefix
169+ , stripSuffix
170+ , commonPrefixes
171+
123172 -- * Searching
124− , elem
125173 , filter
174+ , breakOnAll
126175 , find
127176 , partition
128177
129178 -- , findSubstring
130−
179+
131180 -- * Indexing
181+ -- $index
132182 , index
133183 , findIndex
134− , findIndices
135− , elemIndex
136− , elemIndices
137184 , count
138185
139− -- * Zipping and unzipping
186+ -- * Zipping
140187 , zip
141188 , zipWith
142189
143190 -- -* Ordered text
144191 -- , sort
192+
193+ -- * Low level operations
194+ , copy
195+ , unpackCString#
145196 ) where
146197
147−import Prelude (Char, Bool(..), Functor(..), Int, Maybe(..), String,
148− Eq(..), Ord(..), (++),
149− Read(..), Show(..),
150− (&&), (||), (+), (-), (.), ($),
151− not, return, otherwise)
198+import Prelude (Char, Bool(..), Int, Maybe(..), String,
199+ Eq(..), Ord(..), Ordering(..), (++),
200+ Read(..),
201+ (&&), (||), (+), (-), (.), ($), ($!), (>>),
202+ not, return, otherwise, quot)
203+#if defined(HAVE_DEEPSEQ)
204+import Control.DeepSeq (NFData(rnf))
205+#endif
206+#if defined(ASSERTS)
152207import Control.Exception (assert)
208+#endif
153209import Data.Char (isSpace)
210+import Data.Data (Data(gfoldl, toConstr, gunfold, dataTypeOf), constrIndex,
211+ Constr, mkConstr, DataType, mkDataType, Fixity(Prefix))
212+import Control.Monad (foldM)
154213import Control.Monad.ST (ST)
155214import qualified Data.Text.Array as A
156215import qualified Data.List as L
216+import Data.Binary (Binary(get, put))
157217import Data.Monoid (Monoid(..))
158−import Data.Word (Word16)
218+#if MIN_VERSION_base(4,9,0)
219+import Data.Semigroup (Semigroup(..))
220+#endif
159221import Data.String (IsString(..))
160−
161−import qualified Data.Text.Fusion as S
162−import qualified Data.Text.Fusion.Common as S
163−import Data.Text.Fusion (stream, reverseStream, unstream)
164−
165−import Data.Text.Internal (Text(..), empty, text, textP)
222+import qualified Data.Text.Internal.Fusion as S
223+import qualified Data.Text.Internal.Fusion.Common as S
224+import Data.Text.Encoding (decodeUtf8', encodeUtf8)
225+import Data.Text.Internal.Fusion (stream, reverseStream, unstream)
226+import Data.Text.Internal.Private (span_)
227+import Data.Text.Internal (Text(..), empty, firstf, mul, safe, text)
228+import Data.Text.Show (singleton, unpack, unpackCString#)
166229import qualified Prelude as P
167−import Data.Text.Unsafe (iter, iter_, unsafeHead, unsafeTail)
168−import Data.Text.UnsafeChar (unsafeChr)
169−import qualified Data.Text.Encoding.Utf16 as U16
230+import Data.Text.Unsafe (Iter(..), iter, iter_, lengthWord16, reverseIter,
231+ reverseIter_, unsafeHead, unsafeTail)
232+import Data.Text.Internal.Unsafe.Char (unsafeChr)
233+import qualified Data.Text.Internal.Functions as F
234+import qualified Data.Text.Internal.Encoding.Utf16 as U16
235+import Data.Text.Internal.Search (indices)
236+#if defined(__HADDOCK__)
237+import Data.ByteString (ByteString)
238+import qualified Data.Text.Lazy as L
239+import Data.Int (Int64)
240+#endif
241+import GHC.Base (eqInt, neInt, gtInt, geInt, ltInt, leInt)
242+#if __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ >= 708
243+import qualified GHC.Exts as Exts
244+#endif
245+#if MIN_VERSION_base(4,7,0)
246+import Text.Printf (PrintfArg, formatArg, formatString)
247+#endif
248+
249+-- $strict
250+--
251+-- This package provides both strict and lazy 'Text' types. The
252+-- strict type is provided by the "Data.Text" module, while the lazy
253+-- type is provided by the "Data.Text.Lazy" module. Internally, the
254+-- lazy @Text@ type consists of a list of strict chunks.
255+--
256+-- The strict 'Text' type requires that an entire string fit into
257+-- memory at once. The lazy 'Data.Text.Lazy.Text' type is capable of
258+-- streaming strings that are larger than memory using a small memory
259+-- footprint. In many cases, the overhead of chunked streaming makes
260+-- the lazy 'Data.Text.Lazy.Text' type slower than its strict
261+-- counterpart, but this is not always the case. Sometimes, the time
262+-- complexity of a function in one module may be different from the
263+-- other, due to their differing internal structures.
264+--
265+-- Each module provides an almost identical API, with the main
266+-- difference being that the strict module uses 'Int' values for
267+-- lengths and counts, while the lazy module uses 'Data.Int.Int64'
268+-- lengths.
269+
270+-- $replacement
271+--
272+-- A 'Text' value is a sequence of Unicode scalar values, as defined
273+-- in
274+-- <http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode5.2.0/ch03.pdf#page=35 §3.9, definition D76 of the Unicode 5.2 standard >.
275+-- As such, a 'Text' cannot contain values in the range U+D800 to
276+-- U+DFFF inclusive. Haskell implementations admit all Unicode code
277+-- points
278+-- (<http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode5.2.0/ch03.pdf#page=13 §3.4, definition D10 >)
279+-- as 'Char' values, including code points from this invalid range.
280+-- This means that there are some 'Char' values that are not valid
281+-- Unicode scalar values, and the functions in this module must handle
282+-- those cases.
283+--
284+-- Within this module, many functions construct a 'Text' from one or
285+-- more 'Char' values. Those functions will substitute 'Char' values
286+-- that are not valid Unicode scalar values with the replacement
287+-- character \"�\" (U+FFFD). Functions that perform this
288+-- inspection and replacement are documented with the phrase
289+-- \"Performs replacement on invalid scalar values\".
290+--
291+-- (One reason for this policy of replacement is that internally, a
292+-- 'Text' value is represented as packed UTF-16 data. Values in the
293+-- range U+D800 through U+DFFF are used by UTF-16 to denote surrogate
294+-- code points, and so cannot be represented. The functions replace
295+-- invalid scalar values, instead of dropping them, as a security
296+-- measure. For details, see
297+-- <http://unicode.org/reports/tr36/#Deletion_of_Noncharacters Unicode Technical Report 36, §3.5 >.)
170298
171299-- $fusion
172300--
173−-- Most of the functions in this module are subject to /array fusion/,
174−-- meaning that a pipeline of functions will usually allocate at most
175−-- one 'Text' value.
301+-- Most of the functions in this module are subject to /fusion/,
302+-- meaning that a pipeline of such functions will usually allocate at
303+-- most one 'Text' value.
304+--
305+-- As an example, consider the following pipeline:
306+--
307+-- > import Data.Text as T
308+-- > import Data.Text.Encoding as E
309+-- > import Data.ByteString (ByteString)
310+-- >
311+-- > countChars :: ByteString -> Int
312+-- > countChars = T.length . T.toUpper . E.decodeUtf8
313+--
314+-- From the type signatures involved, this looks like it should
315+-- allocate one 'Data.ByteString.ByteString' value, and two 'Text'
316+-- values. However, when a module is compiled with optimisation
317+-- enabled under GHC, the two intermediate 'Text' values will be
318+-- optimised away, and the function will be compiled down to a single
319+-- loop over the source 'Data.ByteString.ByteString'.
320+--
321+-- Functions that can be fused by the compiler are documented with the
322+-- phrase \"Subject to fusion\".
176323
177324instance Eq Text where
178− t1 == t2 = stream t1 == stream t2
325+ Text arrA offA lenA == Text arrB offB lenB
326+ | lenA == lenB = A.equal arrA offA arrB offB lenA
327+ | otherwise = False
179328 {-# INLINE (==) #-}
180329
181330instance Ord Text where
182− compare t1 t2 = compare (stream t1) (stream t2)
183− {-# INLINE compare #-}
184−
185−instance Show Text where
186− showsPrec p ps r = showsPrec p (unpack ps) r
331+ compare = compareText
187332
188333instance Read Text where
189334 readsPrec p str = [(pack x,y) | (x,y) <- readsPrec p str]
190335
336+#if MIN_VERSION_base(4,9,0)
337+-- Semigroup orphan instances for older GHCs are provided by
338+-- 'semigroups` package
339+
340+instance Semigroup Text where
341+ (<>) = append
342+#endif
343+
191344instance Monoid Text where
192345 mempty = empty
346+#if MIN_VERSION_base(4,9,0)
347+ mappend = (<>) -- future-proof definition
348+#else
193349 mappend = append
350+#endif
194351 mconcat = concat
195352
196353instance IsString Text where
197354 fromString = pack
198355
356+#if __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ >= 708
357+instance Exts.IsList Text where
358+ type Item Text = Char
359+ fromList = pack
360+ toList = unpack
361+#endif
362+
363+#if defined(HAVE_DEEPSEQ)
364+instance NFData Text where rnf !_ = ()
365+#endif
366+
367+instance Binary Text where
368+ put t = put (encodeUtf8 t)
369+ get = do
370+ bs <- get
371+ case decodeUtf8' bs of
372+ P.Left exn -> P.fail (P.show exn)
373+ P.Right a -> P.return a
374+
375+-- | This instance preserves data abstraction at the cost of inefficiency.
376+-- We omit reflection services for the sake of data abstraction.
377+--
378+-- This instance was created by copying the updated behavior of
379+-- @"Data.Set".@'Data.Set.Set' and @"Data.Map".@'Data.Map.Map'. If you
380+-- feel a mistake has been made, please feel free to submit
381+-- improvements.
382+--
383+-- The original discussion is archived here:
384+-- <http://groups.google.com/group/haskell-cafe/browse_thread/thread/b5bbb1b28a7e525d/0639d46852575b93 could we get a Data instance for Data.Text.Text? >
385+--
386+-- The followup discussion that changed the behavior of 'Data.Set.Set'
387+-- and 'Data.Map.Map' is archived here:
388+-- <http://markmail.org/message/trovdc6zkphyi3cr#query:+page:1+mid:a46der3iacwjcf6n+state:results Proposal: Allow gunfold for Data.Map, ... >
389+
390+instance Data Text where
391+ gfoldl f z txt = z pack `f` (unpack txt)
392+ toConstr _ = packConstr
393+ gunfold k z c = case constrIndex c of
394+ 1 -> k (z pack)
395+ _ -> P.error "gunfold"
396+ dataTypeOf _ = textDataType
397+
398+#if MIN_VERSION_base(4,7,0)
399+-- | Only defined for @base-4.7.0.0@ and later
400+instance PrintfArg Text where
401+ formatArg txt = formatString $ unpack txt
402+#endif
403+
404+packConstr :: Constr
405+packConstr = mkConstr textDataType "pack" [] Prefix
406+
407+textDataType :: DataType
408+textDataType = mkDataType "Data.Text.Text" [packConstr]
409+
410+-- | /O(n)/ Compare two 'Text' values lexicographically.
411+compareText :: Text -> Text -> Ordering
412+compareText ta@(Text _arrA _offA lenA) tb@(Text _arrB _offB lenB)
413+ | lenA == 0 && lenB == 0 = EQ
414+ | otherwise = go 0 0
415+ where
416+ go !i !j
417+ | i >= lenA || j >= lenB = compare lenA lenB
418+ | a < b = LT
419+ | a > b = GT
420+ | otherwise = go (i+di) (j+dj)
421+ where Iter a di = iter ta i
422+ Iter b dj = iter tb j
423+
199424-- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
200425-- * Conversion to/from 'Text'
201426
202−-- | /O(n)/ Convert a 'String' into a 'Text'.
203−--
204−-- This function is subject to array fusion.
427+-- | /O(n)/ Convert a 'String' into a 'Text'. Subject to
428+-- fusion. Performs replacement on invalid scalar values.
205429pack :: String -> Text
206−pack = unstream . S.streamList
430+pack = unstream . S.map safe . S.streamList
207431{-# INLINE [1] pack #-}
208432
209−-- | /O(n)/ Convert a Text into a String.
210−-- Subject to array fusion.
211−unpack :: Text -> String
212−unpack = S.unstreamList . stream
213−{-# INLINE [1] unpack #-}
214−
215−-- | /O(1)/ Convert a character into a Text.
216−-- Subject to array fusion.
217−singleton :: Char -> Text
218−singleton = unstream . S.singleton
219−{-# INLINE [1] singleton #-}
220−
221433-- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
222434-- * Basic functions
223435
224436-- | /O(n)/ Adds a character to the front of a 'Text'. This function
225437-- is more costly than its 'List' counterpart because it requires
226−-- copying a new array. Subject to array fusion.
438+-- copying a new array. Subject to fusion. Performs replacement on
439+-- invalid scalar values.
227440cons :: Char -> Text -> Text
228−cons c t = unstream (S.cons c (stream t))
441+cons c t = unstream (S.cons (safe c) (stream t))
229442{-# INLINE cons #-}
230443
444+infixr 5 `cons`
445+
231446-- | /O(n)/ Adds a character to the end of a 'Text'. This copies the
232−-- entire array in the process. Subject to array fusion.
447+-- entire array in the process, unless fused. Subject to fusion.
448+-- Performs replacement on invalid scalar values.
233449snoc :: Text -> Char -> Text
234−snoc t c = unstream (S.snoc (stream t) c)
450+snoc t c = unstream (S.snoc (stream t) (safe c))
235451{-# INLINE snoc #-}
236452
237453-- | /O(n)/ Appends one 'Text' to the other by copying both of them
238−-- into a new 'Text'. Subject to array fusion.
454+-- into a new 'Text'. Subject to fusion.
239455append :: Text -> Text -> Text
240−append (Text arr1 off1 len1) (Text arr2 off2 len2) = Text (A.run x) 0 len
456+append a@(Text arr1 off1 len1) b@(Text arr2 off2 len2)
457+ | len1 == 0 = b
458+ | len2 == 0 = a
459+ | len > 0 = Text (A.run x) 0 len
460+ | otherwise = overflowError "append"
241461 where
242462 len = len1+len2
463+ x :: ST s (A.MArray s)
243464 x = do
244− arr <- A.unsafeNew len :: ST s (A.MArray s Word16)
245− copy arr1 off1 (len1+off1) arr 0
246− copy arr2 off2 (len2+off2) arr len1
465+ arr <- A.new len
466+ A.copyI arr 0 arr1 off1 len1
467+ A.copyI arr len1 arr2 off2 len
247468 return arr
248− where
249− copy arr i top arr' j
250− | i >= top = return ()
251− | otherwise = do A.unsafeWrite arr' j (arr `A.unsafeIndex` i)
252− copy arr (i+1) top arr' (j+1)
253−{-# INLINE append #-}
469+{-# NOINLINE append #-}
254470
255471{-# RULES
256472"TEXT append -> fused" [~1] forall t1 t2.
@@ -260,33 +476,26 @@ append (Text arr1 off1 len1) (Text arr2 off2 len2) = Text (A.run x) 0 len
260476 #-}
261477
262478-- | /O(1)/ Returns the first character of a 'Text', which must be
263−-- non-empty. Subject to array fusion.
479+-- non-empty. Subject to fusion.
264480head :: Text -> Char
265481head t = S.head (stream t)
266482{-# INLINE head #-}
267483
268484-- | /O(1)/ Returns the first character and rest of a 'Text', or
269−-- 'Nothing' if empty. Subject to array fusion.
485+-- 'Nothing' if empty. Subject to fusion.
270486uncons :: Text -> Maybe (Char, Text)
271487uncons t@(Text arr off len)
272488 | len <= 0 = Nothing
273− | otherwise = Just (c, textP arr (off+d) (len-d))
274− where (c,d) = iter t 0
275−{-# INLINE uncons #-}
489+ | otherwise = Just $ let !(Iter c d) = iter t 0
490+ in (c, text arr (off+d) (len-d))
491+{-# INLINE [1] uncons #-}
276492
277493-- | Lifted from Control.Arrow and specialized.
278494second :: (b -> c) -> (a,b) -> (a,c)
279495second f (a, b) = (a, f b)
280496
281−{-# RULES
282−"TEXT uncons -> fused" [~1] forall t.
283− uncons t = fmap (second unstream) (S.uncons (stream t))
284−"TEXT uncons -> unfused" [1] forall t.
285− fmap (second unstream) (S.uncons (stream t)) = uncons t
286− #-}
287−
288497-- | /O(1)/ Returns the last character of a 'Text', which must be
289−-- non-empty. Subject to array fusion.
498+-- non-empty. Subject to fusion.
290499last :: Text -> Char
291500last (Text arr off len)
292501 | len <= 0 = emptyError "last"
@@ -304,11 +513,11 @@ last (Text arr off len)
304513 #-}
305514
306515-- | /O(1)/ Returns all characters after the head of a 'Text', which
307−-- must be non-empty. Subject to array fusion.
516+-- must be non-empty. Subject to fusion.
308517tail :: Text -> Text
309518tail t@(Text arr off len)
310519 | len <= 0 = emptyError "tail"
311− | otherwise = textP arr (off+d) (len-d)
520+ | otherwise = text arr (off+d) (len-d)
312521 where d = iter_ t 0
313522{-# INLINE [1] tail #-}
314523
@@ -320,11 +529,11 @@ tail t@(Text arr off len)
320529 #-}
321530
322531-- | /O(1)/ Returns all but the last character of a 'Text', which must
323−-- be non-empty. Subject to array fusion.
532+-- be non-empty. Subject to fusion.
324533init :: Text -> Text
325534init (Text arr off len) | len <= 0 = emptyError "init"
326− | n >= 0xDC00 && n <= 0xDFFF = textP arr off (len-2)
327− | otherwise = textP arr off (len-1)
535+ | n >= 0xDC00 && n <= 0xDFFF = text arr off (len-2)
536+ | otherwise = text arr off (len-1)
328537 where
329538 n = A.unsafeIndex arr (off+len-1)
330539{-# INLINE [1] init #-}
@@ -336,10 +545,14 @@ init (Text arr off len) | len <= 0 = emptyError "init"
336545 unstream (S.init (stream t)) = init t
337546 #-}
338547
339−-- | /O(1)/ Tests whether a 'Text' is empty or not. Subject to array
548+-- | /O(1)/ Tests whether a 'Text' is empty or not. Subject to
340549-- fusion.
341550null :: Text -> Bool
342−null (Text _arr _off len) = assert (len >= 0) $ len <= 0
551+null (Text _arr _off len) =
552+#if defined(ASSERTS)
553+ assert (len >= 0) $
554+#endif
555+ len <= 0
343556{-# INLINE [1] null #-}
344557
345558{-# RULES
@@ -349,38 +562,284 @@ null (Text _arr _off len) = assert (len >= 0) $ len <= 0
349562 S.null (stream t) = null t
350563 #-}
351564
565+-- | /O(1)/ Tests whether a 'Text' contains exactly one character.
566+-- Subject to fusion.
567+isSingleton :: Text -> Bool
568+isSingleton = S.isSingleton . stream
569+{-# INLINE isSingleton #-}
570+
352571-- | /O(n)/ Returns the number of characters in a 'Text'.
353−-- Subject to array fusion.
572+-- Subject to fusion.
354573length :: Text -> Int
355574length t = S.length (stream t)
356−{-# INLINE length #-}
575+{-# INLINE [0] length #-}
576+-- length needs to be phased after the compareN/length rules otherwise
577+-- it may inline before the rules have an opportunity to fire.
578+
579+-- | /O(n)/ Compare the count of characters in a 'Text' to a number.
580+-- Subject to fusion.
581+--
582+-- This function gives the same answer as comparing against the result
583+-- of 'length', but can short circuit if the count of characters is
584+-- greater than the number, and hence be more efficient.
585+compareLength :: Text -> Int -> Ordering
586+compareLength t n = S.compareLengthI (stream t) n
587+{-# INLINE [1] compareLength #-}
588+
589+{-# RULES
590+"TEXT compareN/length -> compareLength" [~1] forall t n.
591+ compare (length t) n = compareLength t n
592+ #-}
593+
594+{-# RULES
595+"TEXT ==N/length -> compareLength/==EQ" [~1] forall t n.
596+ eqInt (length t) n = compareLength t n == EQ
597+ #-}
598+
599+{-# RULES
600+"TEXT /=N/length -> compareLength//=EQ" [~1] forall t n.
601+ neInt (length t) n = compareLength t n /= EQ
602+ #-}
603+
604+{-# RULES
605+"TEXT <N/length -> compareLength/==LT" [~1] forall t n.
606+ ltInt (length t) n = compareLength t n == LT
607+ #-}
608+
609+{-# RULES
610+"TEXT <=N/length -> compareLength//=GT" [~1] forall t n.
611+ leInt (length t) n = compareLength t n /= GT
612+ #-}
613+
614+{-# RULES
615+"TEXT >N/length -> compareLength/==GT" [~1] forall t n.
616+ gtInt (length t) n = compareLength t n == GT
617+ #-}
618+
619+{-# RULES
620+"TEXT >=N/length -> compareLength//=LT" [~1] forall t n.
621+ geInt (length t) n = compareLength t n /= LT
622+ #-}
357623
358624-- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
359625-- * Transformations
360−-- | /O(n)/ 'map' @f @xs is the 'Text' obtained by applying @f@ to
361−-- each element of @xs@. Subject to array fusion.
626+-- | /O(n)/ 'map' @f@ @t@ is the 'Text' obtained by applying @f@ to
627+-- each element of @t@. Subject to fusion. Performs replacement on
628+-- invalid scalar values.
362629map :: (Char -> Char) -> Text -> Text
363−map f t = unstream (S.map f (stream t))
630+map f t = unstream (S.map (safe . f) (stream t))
364631{-# INLINE [1] map #-}
365632
366633-- | /O(n)/ The 'intercalate' function takes a 'Text' and a list of
367634-- 'Text's and concatenates the list after interspersing the first
368635-- argument between each element of the list.
369636intercalate :: Text -> [Text] -> Text
370−intercalate t ts = unstream (S.intercalate (stream t) (L.map stream ts))
637+intercalate t = concat . (F.intersperse t)
371638{-# INLINE intercalate #-}
372639
373640-- | /O(n)/ The 'intersperse' function takes a character and places it
374−-- between the characters of a 'Text'. Subject to array fusion.
641+-- between the characters of a 'Text'. Subject to fusion. Performs
642+-- replacement on invalid scalar values.
375643intersperse :: Char -> Text -> Text
376−intersperse c t = unstream (S.intersperse c (stream t))
644+intersperse c t = unstream (S.intersperse (safe c) (stream t))
377645{-# INLINE intersperse #-}
378646
379−-- | /O(n)/ Reverse the characters of a string. Subject to array fusion.
647+-- | /O(n)/ Reverse the characters of a string. Subject to fusion.
380648reverse :: Text -> Text
381649reverse t = S.reverse (stream t)
382650{-# INLINE reverse #-}
383651
652+-- | /O(m+n)/ Replace every non-overlapping occurrence of @needle@ in
653+-- @haystack@ with @replacement@.
654+--
655+-- This function behaves as though it was defined as follows:
656+--
657+-- @
658+-- replace needle replacement haystack =
659+-- 'intercalate' replacement ('splitOn' needle haystack)
660+-- @
661+--
662+-- As this suggests, each occurrence is replaced exactly once. So if
663+-- @needle@ occurs in @replacement@, that occurrence will /not/ itself
664+-- be replaced recursively:
665+--
666+-- > replace "oo" "foo" "oo" == "foo"
667+--
668+-- In cases where several instances of @needle@ overlap, only the
669+-- first one will be replaced:
670+--
671+-- > replace "ofo" "bar" "ofofo" == "barfo"
672+--
673+-- In (unlikely) bad cases, this function's time complexity degrades
674+-- towards /O(n*m)/.
675+replace :: Text
676+ -- ^ @needle@ to search for. If this string is empty, an
677+ -- error will occur.
678+ -> Text
679+ -- ^ @replacement@ to replace @needle@ with.
680+ -> Text
681+ -- ^ @haystack@ in which to search.
682+ -> Text
683+replace needle@(Text _ _ neeLen)
684+ (Text repArr repOff repLen)
685+ haystack@(Text hayArr hayOff hayLen)
686+ | neeLen == 0 = emptyError "replace"
687+ | L.null ixs = haystack
688+ | len > 0 = Text (A.run x) 0 len
689+ | otherwise = empty
690+ where
691+ ixs = indices needle haystack
692+ len = hayLen - (neeLen - repLen) `mul` L.length ixs
693+ x :: ST s (A.MArray s)
694+ x = do
695+ marr <- A.new len
696+ let loop (i:is) o d = do
697+ let d0 = d + i - o
698+ d1 = d0 + repLen
699+ A.copyI marr d hayArr (hayOff+o) d0
700+ A.copyI marr d0 repArr repOff d1
701+ loop is (i + neeLen) d1
702+ loop [] o d = A.copyI marr d hayArr (hayOff+o) len
703+ loop ixs 0 0
704+ return marr
705+
706+-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
707+-- ** Case conversions (folds)
708+
709+-- $case
710+--
711+-- When case converting 'Text' values, do not use combinators like
712+-- @map toUpper@ to case convert each character of a string
713+-- individually, as this gives incorrect results according to the
714+-- rules of some writing systems. The whole-string case conversion
715+-- functions from this module, such as @toUpper@, obey the correct
716+-- case conversion rules. As a result, these functions may map one
717+-- input character to two or three output characters. For examples,
718+-- see the documentation of each function.
719+--
720+-- /Note/: In some languages, case conversion is a locale- and
721+-- context-dependent operation. The case conversion functions in this
722+-- module are /not/ locale sensitive. Programs that require locale
723+-- sensitivity should use appropriate versions of the
724+-- <http://hackage.haskell.org/package/text-icu-0.6.3.7/docs/Data-Text-ICU.html#g:4 case mapping functions from the text-icu package >.
725+
726+-- | /O(n)/ Convert a string to folded case. Subject to fusion.
727+--
728+-- This function is mainly useful for performing caseless (also known
729+-- as case insensitive) string comparisons.
730+--
731+-- A string @x@ is a caseless match for a string @y@ if and only if:
732+--
733+-- @toCaseFold x == toCaseFold y@
734+--
735+-- The result string may be longer than the input string, and may
736+-- differ from applying 'toLower' to the input string. For instance,
737+-- the Armenian small ligature \"ﬓ\" (men now, U+FB13) is case
738+-- folded to the sequence \"մ\" (men, U+0574) followed by
739+-- \"ն\" (now, U+0576), while the Greek \"µ\" (micro sign,
740+-- U+00B5) is case folded to \"μ\" (small letter mu, U+03BC)
741+-- instead of itself.
742+toCaseFold :: Text -> Text
743+toCaseFold t = unstream (S.toCaseFold (stream t))
744+{-# INLINE toCaseFold #-}
745+
746+-- | /O(n)/ Convert a string to lower case, using simple case
747+-- conversion. Subject to fusion.
748+--
749+-- The result string may be longer than the input string. For
750+-- instance, \"İ\" (Latin capital letter I with dot above,
751+-- U+0130) maps to the sequence \"i\" (Latin small letter i, U+0069)
752+-- followed by \" ̇\" (combining dot above, U+0307).
753+toLower :: Text -> Text
754+toLower t = unstream (S.toLower (stream t))
755+{-# INLINE toLower #-}
756+
757+-- | /O(n)/ Convert a string to upper case, using simple case
758+-- conversion. Subject to fusion.
759+--
760+-- The result string may be longer than the input string. For
761+-- instance, the German \"ß\" (eszett, U+00DF) maps to the
762+-- two-letter sequence \"SS\".
763+toUpper :: Text -> Text
764+toUpper t = unstream (S.toUpper (stream t))
765+{-# INLINE toUpper #-}
766+
767+-- | /O(n)/ Convert a string to title case, using simple case
768+-- conversion. Subject to fusion.
769+--
770+-- The first letter of the input is converted to title case, as is
771+-- every subsequent letter that immediately follows a non-letter.
772+-- Every letter that immediately follows another letter is converted
773+-- to lower case.
774+--
775+-- The result string may be longer than the input string. For example,
776+-- the Latin small ligature fl (U+FB02) is converted to the
777+-- sequence Latin capital letter F (U+0046) followed by Latin small
778+-- letter l (U+006C).
779+--
780+-- /Note/: this function does not take language or culture specific
781+-- rules into account. For instance, in English, different style
782+-- guides disagree on whether the book name \"The Hill of the Red
783+-- Fox\" is correctly title cased—but this function will
784+-- capitalize /every/ word.
785+toTitle :: Text -> Text
786+toTitle t = unstream (S.toTitle (stream t))
787+{-# INLINE toTitle #-}
788+
789+-- | /O(n)/ Left-justify a string to the given length, using the
790+-- specified fill character on the right. Subject to fusion.
791+-- Performs replacement on invalid scalar values.
792+--
793+-- Examples:
794+--
795+-- > justifyLeft 7 'x' "foo" == "fooxxxx"
796+-- > justifyLeft 3 'x' "foobar" == "foobar"
797+justifyLeft :: Int -> Char -> Text -> Text
798+justifyLeft k c t
799+ | len >= k = t
800+ | otherwise = t `append` replicateChar (k-len) c
801+ where len = length t
802+{-# INLINE [1] justifyLeft #-}
803+
804+{-# RULES
805+"TEXT justifyLeft -> fused" [~1] forall k c t.
806+ justifyLeft k c t = unstream (S.justifyLeftI k c (stream t))
807+"TEXT justifyLeft -> unfused" [1] forall k c t.
808+ unstream (S.justifyLeftI k c (stream t)) = justifyLeft k c t
809+ #-}
810+
811+-- | /O(n)/ Right-justify a string to the given length, using the
812+-- specified fill character on the left. Performs replacement on
813+-- invalid scalar values.
814+--
815+-- Examples:
816+--
817+-- > justifyRight 7 'x' "bar" == "xxxxbar"
818+-- > justifyRight 3 'x' "foobar" == "foobar"
819+justifyRight :: Int -> Char -> Text -> Text
820+justifyRight k c t
821+ | len >= k = t
822+ | otherwise = replicateChar (k-len) c `append` t
823+ where len = length t
824+{-# INLINE justifyRight #-}
825+
826+-- | /O(n)/ Center a string to the given length, using the specified
827+-- fill character on either side. Performs replacement on invalid
828+-- scalar values.
829+--
830+-- Examples:
831+--
832+-- > center 8 'x' "HS" = "xxxHSxxx"
833+center :: Int -> Char -> Text -> Text
834+center k c t
835+ | len >= k = t
836+ | otherwise = replicateChar l c `append` t `append` replicateChar r c
837+ where len = length t
838+ d = k - len
839+ r = d `quot` 2
840+ l = d - r
841+{-# INLINE center #-}
842+
384843-- | /O(n)/ The 'transpose' function transposes the rows and columns
385844-- of its 'Text' argument. Note that this function uses 'pack',
386845-- 'unpack', and the list version of transpose, and is thus not very
@@ -394,26 +853,23 @@ transpose ts = P.map pack (L.transpose (P.map unpack ts))
394853-- | /O(n)/ 'foldl', applied to a binary operator, a starting value
395854-- (typically the left-identity of the operator), and a 'Text',
396855-- reduces the 'Text' using the binary operator, from left to right.
397−-- Subject to array fusion.
398−foldl :: (b -> Char -> b) -> b -> Text -> b
856+-- Subject to fusion.
857+foldl :: (a -> Char -> a) -> a -> Text -> a
399858foldl f z t = S.foldl f z (stream t)
400859{-# INLINE foldl #-}
401860
402−-- | /O(n)/ A strict version of 'foldl'.
403−-- Subject to array fusion.
404−foldl' :: (b -> Char -> b) -> b -> Text -> b
861+-- | /O(n)/ A strict version of 'foldl'. Subject to fusion.
862+foldl' :: (a -> Char -> a) -> a -> Text -> a
405863foldl' f z t = S.foldl' f z (stream t)
406864{-# INLINE foldl' #-}
407865
408866-- | /O(n)/ A variant of 'foldl' that has no starting value argument,
409−-- and thus must be applied to a non-empty 'Text'. Subject to array
410−-- fusion.
867+-- and thus must be applied to a non-empty 'Text'. Subject to fusion.
411868foldl1 :: (Char -> Char -> Char) -> Text -> Char
412869foldl1 f t = S.foldl1 f (stream t)
413870{-# INLINE foldl1 #-}
414871
415−-- | /O(n)/ A strict version of 'foldl1'.
416−-- Subject to array fusion.
872+-- | /O(n)/ A strict version of 'foldl1'. Subject to fusion.
417873foldl1' :: (Char -> Char -> Char) -> Text -> Char
418874foldl1' f t = S.foldl1' f (stream t)
419875{-# INLINE foldl1' #-}
@@ -421,13 +877,13 @@ foldl1' f t = S.foldl1' f (stream t)
421877-- | /O(n)/ 'foldr', applied to a binary operator, a starting value
422878-- (typically the right-identity of the operator), and a 'Text',
423879-- reduces the 'Text' using the binary operator, from right to left.
424−-- Subject to array fusion.
425−foldr :: (Char -> b -> b) -> b -> Text -> b
880+-- Subject to fusion.
881+foldr :: (Char -> a -> a) -> a -> Text -> a
426882foldr f z t = S.foldr f z (stream t)
427883{-# INLINE foldr #-}
428884
429−-- | /O(n)/ A variant of 'foldr' that has no starting value argument, and
430−-- thust must be applied to a non-empty 'Text'. Subject to array
885+-- | /O(n)/ A variant of 'foldr' that has no starting value argument,
886+-- and thus must be applied to a non-empty 'Text'. Subject to
431887-- fusion.
432888foldr1 :: (Char -> Char -> Char) -> Text -> Char
433889foldr1 f t = S.foldr1 f (stream t)
@@ -436,40 +892,48 @@ foldr1 f t = S.foldr1 f (stream t)
436892-- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
437893-- ** Special folds
438894
439−-- | /O(n)/ Concatenate a list of 'Text's. Subject to array fusion.
895+-- | /O(n)/ Concatenate a list of 'Text's.
440896concat :: [Text] -> Text
441−concat ts = unstream (S.concat (L.map stream ts))
442−{-# INLINE concat #-}
897+concat ts = case ts' of
898+ [] -> empty
899+ [t] -> t
900+ _ -> Text (A.run go) 0 len
901+ where
902+ ts' = L.filter (not . null) ts
903+ len = sumP "concat" $ L.map lengthWord16 ts'
904+ go :: ST s (A.MArray s)
905+ go = do
906+ arr <- A.new len
907+ let step i (Text a o l) =
908+ let !j = i + l in A.copyI arr i a o j >> return j
909+ foldM step 0 ts' >> return arr
443910
444911-- | /O(n)/ Map a function over a 'Text' that results in a 'Text', and
445−-- concatenate the results. This function is subject to array fusion.
446−--
447−-- Note: if in 'concatMap' @f@ @t@, @f@ is defined in terms of fusible
448−-- functions, it will also be fusible.
912+-- concatenate the results.
449913concatMap :: (Char -> Text) -> Text -> Text
450−concatMap f t = unstream (S.concatMap (stream . f) (stream t))
914+concatMap f = concat . foldr ((:) . f) []
451915{-# INLINE concatMap #-}
452916
453917-- | /O(n)/ 'any' @p@ @t@ determines whether any character in the
454−-- 'Text' @t@ satisifes the predicate @p@. Subject to array fusion.
918+-- 'Text' @t@ satisfies the predicate @p@. Subject to fusion.
455919any :: (Char -> Bool) -> Text -> Bool
456920any p t = S.any p (stream t)
457921{-# INLINE any #-}
458922
459923-- | /O(n)/ 'all' @p@ @t@ determines whether all characters in the
460−-- 'Text' @t@ satisify the predicate @p@. Subject to array fusion.
924+-- 'Text' @t@ satisfy the predicate @p@. Subject to fusion.
461925all :: (Char -> Bool) -> Text -> Bool
462926all p t = S.all p (stream t)
463927{-# INLINE all #-}
464928
465929-- | /O(n)/ 'maximum' returns the maximum value from a 'Text', which
466−-- must be non-empty. Subject to array fusion.
930+-- must be non-empty. Subject to fusion.
467931maximum :: Text -> Char
468932maximum t = S.maximum (stream t)
469933{-# INLINE maximum #-}
470934
471935-- | /O(n)/ 'minimum' returns the minimum value from a 'Text', which
472−-- must be non-empty. Subject to array fusion.
936+-- must be non-empty. Subject to fusion.
473937minimum :: Text -> Char
474938minimum t = S.minimum (stream t)
475939{-# INLINE minimum #-}
@@ -478,8 +942,8 @@ minimum t = S.minimum (stream t)
478942-- * Building 'Text's
479943
480944-- | /O(n)/ 'scanl' is similar to 'foldl', but returns a list of
481−-- successive reduced values from the left. This function is subject
482−-- to array fusion.
945+-- successive reduced values from the left. Subject to fusion.
946+-- Performs replacement on invalid scalar values.
483947--
484948-- > scanl f z [x1, x2, ...] == [z, z `f` x1, (z `f` x1) `f` x2, ...]
485949--
@@ -487,11 +951,13 @@ minimum t = S.minimum (stream t)
487951--
488952-- > last (scanl f z xs) == foldl f z xs.
489953scanl :: (Char -> Char -> Char) -> Char -> Text -> Text
490−scanl f z t = unstream (S.scanl f z (stream t))
954+scanl f z t = unstream (S.scanl g z (stream t))
955+ where g a b = safe (f a b)
491956{-# INLINE scanl #-}
492957
493958-- | /O(n)/ 'scanl1' is a variant of 'scanl' that has no starting
494−-- value argument. This function is subject to array fusion.
959+-- value argument. Subject to fusion. Performs replacement on
960+-- invalid scalar values.
495961--
496962-- > scanl1 f [x1, x2, ...] == [x1, x1 `f` x2, ...]
497963scanl1 :: (Char -> Char -> Char) -> Text -> Text
@@ -499,49 +965,75 @@ scanl1 f t | null t = empty
499965 | otherwise = scanl f (unsafeHead t) (unsafeTail t)
500966{-# INLINE scanl1 #-}
501967
502−-- | /O(n)/ 'scanr' is the right-to-left dual of 'scanl'.
968+-- | /O(n)/ 'scanr' is the right-to-left dual of 'scanl'. Performs
969+-- replacement on invalid scalar values.
503970--
504971-- > scanr f v == reverse . scanl (flip f) v . reverse
505972scanr :: (Char -> Char -> Char) -> Char -> Text -> Text
506−scanr f z = S.reverse . S.reverseScanr f z . reverseStream
973+scanr f z = S.reverse . S.reverseScanr g z . reverseStream
974+ where g a b = safe (f a b)
507975{-# INLINE scanr #-}
508976
509977-- | /O(n)/ 'scanr1' is a variant of 'scanr' that has no starting
510−-- value argument. This function is subject to array fusion.
978+-- value argument. Subject to fusion. Performs replacement on
979+-- invalid scalar values.
511980scanr1 :: (Char -> Char -> Char) -> Text -> Text
512981scanr1 f t | null t = empty
513982 | otherwise = scanr f (last t) (init t)
514983{-# INLINE scanr1 #-}
515984
516−-- | /O(n)/ Like a combination of 'map' and 'foldl'. Applies a
985+-- | /O(n)/ Like a combination of 'map' and 'foldl''. Applies a
517986-- function to each element of a 'Text', passing an accumulating
518−-- parameter from left to right, and returns a final 'Text'.
987+-- parameter from left to right, and returns a final 'Text'. Performs
988+-- replacement on invalid scalar values.
519989mapAccumL :: (a -> Char -> (a,Char)) -> a -> Text -> (a, Text)
520−mapAccumL f s t = case uncons t of
521− Nothing -> (s, empty)
522− Just (x, xs) -> (s'', cons y ys)
523− where (s', y ) = f s x
524− (s'',ys) = mapAccumL f s' xs
990+mapAccumL f z0 = S.mapAccumL g z0 . stream
991+ where g a b = second safe (f a b)
992+{-# INLINE mapAccumL #-}
525993
526994-- | The 'mapAccumR' function behaves like a combination of 'map' and
527−-- 'foldr'; it applies a function to each element of a 'Text', passing
528−-- an accumulating parameter from right to left, and returning a final
529−-- value of this accumulator together with the new 'Text'.
995+-- a strict 'foldr'; it applies a function to each element of a
996+-- 'Text', passing an accumulating parameter from right to left, and
997+-- returning a final value of this accumulator together with the new
998+-- 'Text'.
999+-- Performs replacement on invalid scalar values.
5301000mapAccumR :: (a -> Char -> (a,Char)) -> a -> Text -> (a, Text)
531−mapAccumR f s t = case uncons t of
532− Nothing -> (s, empty)
533− Just (x, xs) -> (s'', cons y ys)
534− where (s'',y ) = f s' x
535− (s', ys) = mapAccumR f s xs
1001+mapAccumR f z0 = second reverse . S.mapAccumL g z0 . reverseStream
1002+ where g a b = second safe (f a b)
1003+{-# INLINE mapAccumR #-}
5361004
5371005-- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
5381006-- ** Generating and unfolding 'Text's
5391007
540−-- | /O(n)/ 'replicate' @n@ @c@ is a 'Text' of length @n@ with @c@ the
1008+-- | /O(n*m)/ 'replicate' @n@ @t@ is a 'Text' consisting of the input
1009+-- @t@ repeated @n@ times.
1010+replicate :: Int -> Text -> Text
1011+replicate n t@(Text a o l)
1012+ | n <= 0 || l <= 0 = empty
1013+ | n == 1 = t
1014+ | isSingleton t = replicateChar n (unsafeHead t)
1015+ | otherwise = Text (A.run x) 0 len
1016+ where
1017+ len = l `mul` n
1018+ x :: ST s (A.MArray s)
1019+ x = do
1020+ arr <- A.new len
1021+ let loop !d !i | i >= n = return arr
1022+ | otherwise = let m = d + l
1023+ in A.copyI arr d a o m >> loop m (i+1)
1024+ loop 0 0
1025+{-# INLINE [1] replicate #-}
1026+
1027+{-# RULES
1028+"TEXT replicate/singleton -> replicateChar" [~1] forall n c.
1029+ replicate n (singleton c) = replicateChar n c
1030+ #-}
1031+
1032+-- | /O(n)/ 'replicateChar' @n@ @c@ is a 'Text' of length @n@ with @c@ the
5411033-- value of every element. Subject to fusion.
542−replicate :: Int -> Char -> Text
543−replicate n c = unstream (S.replicate n c)
544−{-# INLINE replicate #-}
1034+replicateChar :: Int -> Char -> Text
1035+replicateChar n c = unstream (S.replicateCharI n (safe c))
1036+{-# INLINE replicateChar #-}
5451037
5461038-- | /O(n)/, where @n@ is the length of the result. The 'unfoldr'
5471039-- function is analogous to the List 'L.unfoldr'. 'unfoldr' builds a
@@ -549,9 +1041,9 @@ replicate n c = unstream (S.replicate n c)
5491041-- returns 'Nothing' if it is done producing the 'Text', otherwise
5501042-- 'Just' @(a,b)@. In this case, @a@ is the next 'Char' in the
5511043-- string, and @b@ is the seed value for further production. Subject
552−-- to fusion.
1044+-- to fusion. Performs replacement on invalid scalar values.
5531045unfoldr :: (a -> Maybe (Char,a)) -> a -> Text
554−unfoldr f s = unstream (S.unfoldr f s)
1046+unfoldr f s = unstream (S.unfoldr (firstf safe . f) s)
5551047{-# INLINE unfoldr #-}
5561048
5571049-- | /O(n)/ Like 'unfoldr', 'unfoldrN' builds a 'Text' from a seed
@@ -559,9 +1051,9 @@ unfoldr f s = unstream (S.unfoldr f s)
5591051-- first argument to 'unfoldrN'. This function is more efficient than
5601052-- 'unfoldr' when the maximum length of the result is known and
5611053-- correct, otherwise its performance is similar to 'unfoldr'. Subject
562−-- to fusion.
1054+-- to fusion. Performs replacement on invalid scalar values.
5631055unfoldrN :: Int -> (a -> Maybe (Char,a)) -> a -> Text
564−unfoldrN n f s = unstream (S.unfoldrN n f s)
1056+unfoldrN n f s = unstream (S.unfoldrN n (firstf safe . f) s)
5651057{-# INLINE unfoldrN #-}
5661058
5671059-- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -574,14 +1066,16 @@ take :: Int -> Text -> Text
5741066take n t@(Text arr off len)
5751067 | n <= 0 = empty
5761068 | n >= len = t
577− | otherwise = Text arr off (loop 0 0)
578− where
579− loop !i !cnt
580− | i >= len || cnt >= n = i
581− | otherwise = loop (i+d) (cnt+1)
582− where d = iter_ t i
1069+ | otherwise = text arr off (iterN n t)
5831070{-# INLINE [1] take #-}
5841071
1072+iterN :: Int -> Text -> Int
1073+iterN n t@(Text _arr _off len) = loop 0 0
1074+ where loop !i !cnt
1075+ | i >= len || cnt >= n = i
1076+ | otherwise = loop (i+d) (cnt+1)
1077+ where d = iter_ t i
1078+
5851079{-# RULES
5861080"TEXT take -> fused" [~1] forall n t.
5871081 take n t = unstream (S.take n (stream t))
@@ -589,18 +1083,36 @@ take n t@(Text arr off len)
5891083 unstream (S.take n (stream t)) = take n t
5901084 #-}
5911085
1086+-- | /O(n)/ 'takeEnd' @n@ @t@ returns the suffix remaining after
1087+-- taking @n@ characters from the end of @t@.
1088+--
1089+-- Examples:
1090+--
1091+-- > takeEnd 3 "foobar" == "bar"
1092+takeEnd :: Int -> Text -> Text
1093+takeEnd n t@(Text arr off len)
1094+ | n <= 0 = empty
1095+ | n >= len = t
1096+ | otherwise = text arr (off+i) (len-i)
1097+ where i = iterNEnd n t
1098+
1099+iterNEnd :: Int -> Text -> Int
1100+iterNEnd n t@(Text _arr _off len) = loop (len-1) n
1101+ where loop i !m
1102+ | i <= 0 = 0
1103+ | m <= 1 = i
1104+ | otherwise = loop (i+d) (m-1)
1105+ where d = reverseIter_ t i
1106+
5921107-- | /O(n)/ 'drop' @n@, applied to a 'Text', returns the suffix of the
593−-- 'Text' of length @n@, or the empty 'Text' if @n@ is greater than the
594−-- length of the 'Text'. Subject to fusion.
1108+-- 'Text' after the first @n@ characters, or the empty 'Text' if @n@
1109+-- is greater than the length of the 'Text'. Subject to fusion.
5951110drop :: Int -> Text -> Text
5961111drop n t@(Text arr off len)
5971112 | n <= 0 = t
5981113 | n >= len = empty
599− | otherwise = loop 0 0
600− where loop !i !cnt
601− | i >= len || cnt >= n = Text arr (off+i) (len-i)
602− | otherwise = loop (i+d) (cnt+1)
603− where d = iter_ t i
1114+ | otherwise = text arr (off+i) (len-i)
1115+ where i = iterN n t
6041116{-# INLINE [1] drop #-}
6051117
6061118{-# RULES
@@ -610,15 +1122,27 @@ drop n t@(Text arr off len)
6101122 unstream (S.drop n (stream t)) = drop n t
6111123 #-}
6121124
613−-- | /O(n)/ 'takeWhile', applied to a predicate @p@ and a 'Text', returns
614−-- the longest prefix (possibly empty) of elements that satisfy @p@.
615−-- This function is subject to array fusion.
1125+-- | /O(n)/ 'dropEnd' @n@ @t@ returns the prefix remaining after
1126+-- dropping @n@ characters from the end of @t@.
1127+--
1128+-- Examples:
1129+--
1130+-- > dropEnd 3 "foobar" == "foo"
1131+dropEnd :: Int -> Text -> Text
1132+dropEnd n t@(Text arr off len)
1133+ | n <= 0 = t
1134+ | n >= len = empty
1135+ | otherwise = text arr off (iterNEnd n t)
1136+
1137+-- | /O(n)/ 'takeWhile', applied to a predicate @p@ and a 'Text',
1138+-- returns the longest prefix (possibly empty) of elements that
1139+-- satisfy @p@. Subject to fusion.
6161140takeWhile :: (Char -> Bool) -> Text -> Text
6171141takeWhile p t@(Text arr off len) = loop 0
6181142 where loop !i | i >= len = t
6191143 | p c = loop (i+d)
620− | otherwise = textP arr off i
621− where (c,d) = iter t i
1144+ | otherwise = text arr off i
1145+ where Iter c d = iter t i
6221146{-# INLINE [1] takeWhile #-}
6231147
6241148{-# RULES
@@ -628,14 +1152,35 @@ takeWhile p t@(Text arr off len) = loop 0
6281152 unstream (S.takeWhile p (stream t)) = takeWhile p t
6291153 #-}
6301154
631−-- | /O(n)/ 'dropWhile' @p@ @xs@ returns the suffix remaining after
632−-- 'takeWhile' @p@ @xs@. This function is subject to array fusion.
1155+-- | /O(n)/ 'takeWhileEnd', applied to a predicate @p@ and a 'Text',
1156+-- returns the longest suffix (possibly empty) of elements that
1157+-- satisfy @p@. Subject to fusion.
1158+-- Examples:
1159+--
1160+-- > takeWhileEnd (=='o') "foo" == "oo"
1161+takeWhileEnd :: (Char -> Bool) -> Text -> Text
1162+takeWhileEnd p t@(Text arr off len) = loop (len-1) len
1163+ where loop !i !l | l <= 0 = t
1164+ | p c = loop (i+d) (l+d)
1165+ | otherwise = text arr (off+l) (len-l)
1166+ where (c,d) = reverseIter t i
1167+{-# INLINE [1] takeWhileEnd #-}
1168+
1169+{-# RULES
1170+"TEXT takeWhileEnd -> fused" [~1] forall p t.
1171+ takeWhileEnd p t = S.reverse (S.takeWhile p (S.reverseStream t))
1172+"TEXT takeWhileEnd -> unfused" [1] forall p t.
1173+ S.reverse (S.takeWhile p (S.reverseStream t)) = takeWhileEnd p t
1174+ #-}
1175+
1176+-- | /O(n)/ 'dropWhile' @p@ @t@ returns the suffix remaining after
1177+-- 'takeWhile' @p@ @t@. Subject to fusion.
6331178dropWhile :: (Char -> Bool) -> Text -> Text
6341179dropWhile p t@(Text arr off len) = loop 0 0
6351180 where loop !i !l | l >= len = empty
6361181 | p c = loop (i+d) (l+d)
6371182 | otherwise = Text arr (off+i) (len-l)
638− where (c,d) = iter t i
1183+ where Iter c d = iter t i
6391184{-# INLINE [1] dropWhile #-}
6401185
6411186{-# RULES
@@ -645,6 +1190,57 @@ dropWhile p t@(Text arr off len) = loop 0 0
6451190 unstream (S.dropWhile p (stream t)) = dropWhile p t
6461191 #-}
6471192
1193+-- | /O(n)/ 'dropWhileEnd' @p@ @t@ returns the prefix remaining after
1194+-- dropping characters that satisfy the predicate @p@ from the end of
1195+-- @t@. Subject to fusion.
1196+--
1197+-- Examples:
1198+--
1199+-- > dropWhileEnd (=='.') "foo..." == "foo"
1200+dropWhileEnd :: (Char -> Bool) -> Text -> Text
1201+dropWhileEnd p t@(Text arr off len) = loop (len-1) len
1202+ where loop !i !l | l <= 0 = empty
1203+ | p c = loop (i+d) (l+d)
1204+ | otherwise = Text arr off l
1205+ where (c,d) = reverseIter t i
1206+{-# INLINE [1] dropWhileEnd #-}
1207+
1208+{-# RULES
1209+"TEXT dropWhileEnd -> fused" [~1] forall p t.
1210+ dropWhileEnd p t = S.reverse (S.dropWhile p (S.reverseStream t))
1211+"TEXT dropWhileEnd -> unfused" [1] forall p t.
1212+ S.reverse (S.dropWhile p (S.reverseStream t)) = dropWhileEnd p t
1213+ #-}
1214+
1215+-- | /O(n)/ 'dropAround' @p@ @t@ returns the substring remaining after
1216+-- dropping characters that satisfy the predicate @p@ from both the
1217+-- beginning and end of @t@. Subject to fusion.
1218+dropAround :: (Char -> Bool) -> Text -> Text
1219+dropAround p = dropWhile p . dropWhileEnd p
1220+{-# INLINE [1] dropAround #-}
1221+
1222+-- | /O(n)/ Remove leading white space from a string. Equivalent to:
1223+--
1224+-- > dropWhile isSpace
1225+stripStart :: Text -> Text
1226+stripStart = dropWhile isSpace
1227+{-# INLINE [1] stripStart #-}
1228+
1229+-- | /O(n)/ Remove trailing white space from a string. Equivalent to:
1230+--
1231+-- > dropWhileEnd isSpace
1232+stripEnd :: Text -> Text
1233+stripEnd = dropWhileEnd isSpace
1234+{-# INLINE [1] stripEnd #-}
1235+
1236+-- | /O(n)/ Remove leading and trailing white space from a string.
1237+-- Equivalent to:
1238+--
1239+-- > dropAround isSpace
1240+strip :: Text -> Text
1241+strip = dropAround isSpace
1242+{-# INLINE [1] strip #-}
1243+
6481244-- | /O(n)/ 'splitAt' @n t@ returns a pair whose first element is a
6491245-- prefix of @t@ of length @n@, and whose second is the remainder of
6501246-- the string. It is equivalent to @('take' n t, 'drop' n t)@.
@@ -652,28 +1248,20 @@ splitAt :: Int -> Text -> (Text, Text)
6521248splitAt n t@(Text arr off len)
6531249 | n <= 0 = (empty, t)
6541250 | n >= len = (t, empty)
655− | otherwise = (Text arr off k, Text arr (off+k) (len-k))
656− where k = loop 0 0
657− loop !i !cnt
658− | i >= len || cnt >= n = i
659− | otherwise = loop (i+d) (cnt+1)
660− where d = iter_ t i
661−{-# INLINE splitAt #-}
1251+ | otherwise = let k = iterN n t
1252+ in (text arr off k, text arr (off+k) (len-k))
6621253
663−-- | /O(n)/ 'span', applied to a predicate @p@ and text @t@, returns a
664−-- pair whose first element is the longest prefix (possibly empty) of
665−-- @t@ of elements that satisfy @p@, and whose second is the remainder
666−-- of the list.
1254+-- | /O(n)/ 'span', applied to a predicate @p@ and text @t@, returns
1255+-- a pair whose first element is the longest prefix (possibly empty)
1256+-- of @t@ of elements that satisfy @p@, and whose second is the
1257+-- remainder of the list.
6671258span :: (Char -> Bool) -> Text -> (Text, Text)
668−span p t@(Text arr off len) = (textP arr off k, textP arr (off+k) (len-k))
669− where k = loop 0
670− loop !i | i >= len || not (p c) = i
671− | otherwise = loop (i+d)
672− where (c,d) = iter t i
1259+span p t = case span_ p t of
1260+ (# hd,tl #) -> (hd,tl)
6731261{-# INLINE span #-}
6741262
675−-- | /O(n)/ 'break' is like 'span', but the prefix returned is over
676−-- elements that fail the predicate @p@.
1263+-- | /O(n)/ 'break' is like 'span', but the prefix returned is
1264+-- over elements that fail the predicate @p@.
6771265break :: (Char -> Bool) -> Text -> (Text, Text)
6781266break p = span (not . p)
6791267{-# INLINE break #-}
@@ -685,7 +1273,7 @@ groupBy p = loop
6851273 loop t@(Text arr off len)
6861274 | null t = []
6871275 | otherwise = text arr off n : loop (text arr (off+n) (len-n))
688− where (c,d) = iter t 0
1276+ where Iter c d = iter t 0
6891277 n = d + findAIndexOrEnd (not . p c) (Text arr (off+d) (len-d))
6901278
6911279-- | Returns the /array/ index (in units of 'Word16') at which a
@@ -695,8 +1283,8 @@ findAIndexOrEnd :: (Char -> Bool) -> Text -> Int
6951283findAIndexOrEnd q t@(Text _arr _off len) = go 0
6961284 where go !i | i >= len || q c = i
6971285 | otherwise = go (i+d)
698− where (c,d) = iter t i
699−
1286+ where Iter c d = iter t i
1287+
7001288-- | /O(n)/ Group characters in a string by equality.
7011289group :: Text -> [Text]
7021290group = groupBy (==)
@@ -714,59 +1302,91 @@ tails :: Text -> [Text]
7141302tails t | null t = [empty]
7151303 | otherwise = t : tails (unsafeTail t)
7161304
717−-- | /O(n)/ Break a 'Text' into pieces separated by the 'Char'
718−-- argument, consuming the delimiter. I.e.
1305+-- $split
1306+--
1307+-- Splitting functions in this library do not perform character-wise
1308+-- copies to create substrings; they just construct new 'Text's that
1309+-- are slices of the original.
1310+
1311+-- | /O(m+n)/ Break a 'Text' into pieces separated by the first 'Text'
1312+-- argument (which cannot be empty), consuming the delimiter. An empty
1313+-- delimiter is invalid, and will cause an error to be raised.
1314+--
1315+-- Examples:
1316+--
1317+-- > splitOn "\r\n" "a\r\nb\r\nd\r\ne" == ["a","b","d","e"]
1318+-- > splitOn "aaa" "aaaXaaaXaaaXaaa" == ["","X","X","X",""]
1319+-- > splitOn "x" "x" == ["",""]
7191320--
720−-- > split '\n' "a\nb\nd\ne" == ["a","b","d","e"]
721−-- > split 'a' "aXaXaXa" == ["","X","X","X",""]
722−-- > split 'x' "x" == ["",""]
723−--
7241321-- and
7251322--
726−-- > intercalate (singleton c) . split c == id
727−-- > split == splitWith . (==)
728−--
729−-- As for all splitting functions in this library, this function does
730−-- not copy the substrings, it just constructs new 'Text's that are
731−-- slices of the original.
732−split :: Char -> Text -> [Text]
733−split c = splitWith (==c)
734−{-# INLINE split #-}
1323+-- > intercalate s . splitOn s == id
1324+-- > splitOn (singleton c) == split (==c)
1325+--
1326+-- (Note: the string @s@ to split on above cannot be empty.)
1327+--
1328+-- In (unlikely) bad cases, this function's time complexity degrades
1329+-- towards /O(n*m)/.
1330+splitOn :: Text
1331+ -- ^ String to split on. If this string is empty, an error
1332+ -- will occur.
1333+ -> Text
1334+ -- ^ Input text.
1335+ -> [Text]
1336+splitOn pat@(Text _ _ l) src@(Text arr off len)
1337+ | l <= 0 = emptyError "splitOn"
1338+ | isSingleton pat = split (== unsafeHead pat) src
1339+ | otherwise = go 0 (indices pat src)
1340+ where
1341+ go !s (x:xs) = text arr (s+off) (x-s) : go (x+l) xs
1342+ go s _ = [text arr (s+off) (len-s)]
1343+{-# INLINE [1] splitOn #-}
1344+
1345+{-# RULES
1346+"TEXT splitOn/singleton -> split/==" [~1] forall c t.
1347+ splitOn (singleton c) t = split (==c) t
1348+ #-}
7351349
7361350-- | /O(n)/ Splits a 'Text' into components delimited by separators,
7371351-- where the predicate returns True for a separator element. The
7381352-- resulting components do not contain the separators. Two adjacent
7391353-- separators result in an empty component in the output. eg.
7401354--
741−-- > splitWith (=='a') "aabbaca" == ["","","bb","c",""]
742−-- > splitWith (=='a') [] == []
743−splitWith :: (Char -> Bool) -> Text -> [Text]
744−splitWith _ (Text _off _arr 0) = []
745−splitWith p t = loop t
1355+-- > split (=='a') "aabbaca" == ["","","bb","c",""]
1356+-- > split (=='a') "" == [""]
1357+split :: (Char -> Bool) -> Text -> [Text]
1358+split _ t@(Text _off _arr 0) = [t]
1359+split p t = loop t
7461360 where loop s | null s' = [l]
7471361 | otherwise = l : loop (unsafeTail s')
748− where (l, s') = break p s
749−{-# INLINE splitWith #-}
1362+ where (# l, s' #) = span_ (not . p) s
1363+{-# INLINE split #-}
1364+
1365+-- | /O(n)/ Splits a 'Text' into components of length @k@. The last
1366+-- element may be shorter than the other chunks, depending on the
1367+-- length of the input. Examples:
1368+--
1369+-- > chunksOf 3 "foobarbaz" == ["foo","bar","baz"]
1370+-- > chunksOf 4 "haskell.org" == ["hask","ell.","org"]
1371+chunksOf :: Int -> Text -> [Text]
1372+chunksOf k = go
1373+ where
1374+ go t = case splitAt k t of
1375+ (a,b) | null a -> []
1376+ | otherwise -> a : go b
1377+{-# INLINE chunksOf #-}
7501378
7511379-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
7521380-- * Searching
7531381
754−-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
755−-- ** Searching by equality
756−
757−-- | /O(n)/ 'elem' is the 'Text' membership predicate.
758−elem :: Char -> Text -> Bool
759−elem c t = S.elem c (stream t)
760−{-# INLINE elem #-}
761−
7621382-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7631383-- ** Searching with a predicate
7641384
765−-- | /O(n)/ The 'find' function takes a predicate and a 'Text',
766−-- and returns the first element in matching the predicate, or 'Nothing'
767−-- if there is no such element.
1385+-- | /O(n)/ The 'find' function takes a predicate and a 'Text', and
1386+-- returns the first element matching the predicate, or 'Nothing' if
1387+-- there is no such element.
7681388find :: (Char -> Bool) -> Text -> Maybe Char
769−find p t = S.find p (stream t)
1389+find p t = S.findBy p (stream t)
7701390{-# INLINE find #-}
7711391
7721392-- | /O(n)/ The 'partition' function takes a predicate and a 'Text',
@@ -778,49 +1398,103 @@ partition :: (Char -> Bool) -> Text -> (Text, Text)
7781398partition p t = (filter p t, filter (not . p) t)
7791399{-# INLINE partition #-}
7801400
781−-- | /O(n)/ Break a string on a substring, returning a pair of the
782−-- part of the string prior to the match, and the rest of the string.
1401+-- | /O(n)/ 'filter', applied to a predicate and a 'Text',
1402+-- returns a 'Text' containing those characters that satisfy the
1403+-- predicate.
1404+filter :: (Char -> Bool) -> Text -> Text
1405+filter p t = unstream (S.filter p (stream t))
1406+{-# INLINE filter #-}
1407+
1408+-- | /O(n+m)/ Find the first instance of @needle@ (which must be
1409+-- non-'null') in @haystack@. The first element of the returned tuple
1410+-- is the prefix of @haystack@ before @needle@ is matched. The second
1411+-- is the remainder of @haystack@, starting with the match.
7831412--
784−-- The following relationship holds:
1413+-- Examples:
7851414--
786−-- > break (==c) l == breakSubstring (singleton c) l
1415+-- > breakOn "::" "a::b::c" ==> ("a", "::b::c")
1416+-- > breakOn "/" "foobar" ==> ("foobar", "")
7871417--
788−-- For example, to tokenise a string, dropping delimiters:
1418+-- Laws:
7891419--
790−-- > tokenise x y = h : if null t then [] else tokenise x (drop (length x) t)
791−-- > where (h,t) = breakSubstring x y
1420+-- > append prefix match == haystack
1421+-- > where (prefix, match) = breakOn needle haystack
7921422--
793−-- To skip to the first occurence of a string:
1423+-- If you need to break a string by a substring repeatedly (e.g. you
1424+-- want to break on every instance of a substring), use 'breakOnAll'
1425+-- instead, as it has lower startup overhead.
7941426--
795−-- > snd (breakSubstring x y)
1427+-- In (unlikely) bad cases, this function's time complexity degrades
1428+-- towards /O(n*m)/.
1429+breakOn :: Text -> Text -> (Text, Text)
1430+breakOn pat src@(Text arr off len)
1431+ | null pat = emptyError "breakOn"
1432+ | otherwise = case indices pat src of
1433+ [] -> (src, empty)
1434+ (x:_) -> (text arr off x, text arr (off+x) (len-x))
1435+{-# INLINE breakOn #-}
1436+
1437+-- | /O(n+m)/ Similar to 'breakOn', but searches from the end of the
1438+-- string.
7961439--
797−-- To take the parts of a string before a delimiter:
1440+-- The first element of the returned tuple is the prefix of @haystack@
1441+-- up to and including the last match of @needle@. The second is the
1442+-- remainder of @haystack@, following the match.
7981443--
799−-- > fst (breakSubstring x y)
1444+-- > breakOnEnd "::" "a::b::c" ==> ("a::b::", "c")
1445+breakOnEnd :: Text -> Text -> (Text, Text)
1446+breakOnEnd pat src = (reverse b, reverse a)
1447+ where (a,b) = breakOn (reverse pat) (reverse src)
1448+{-# INLINE breakOnEnd #-}
1449+
1450+-- | /O(n+m)/ Find all non-overlapping instances of @needle@ in
1451+-- @haystack@. Each element of the returned list consists of a pair:
8001452--
801−breakSubstring :: Text -- ^ String to search for
802− -> Text -- ^ String to search in
803− -> (Text,Text) -- ^ Head and tail of string broken at substring
804−
805−breakSubstring pat src = search 0 src
1453+-- * The entire string prior to the /k/th match (i.e. the prefix)
1454+--
1455+-- * The /k/th match, followed by the remainder of the string
1456+--
1457+-- Examples:
1458+--
1459+-- > breakOnAll "::" ""
1460+-- > ==> []
1461+-- > breakOnAll "/" "a/b/c/"
1462+-- > ==> [("a", "/b/c/"), ("a/b", "/c/"), ("a/b/c", "/")]
1463+--
1464+-- In (unlikely) bad cases, this function's time complexity degrades
1465+-- towards /O(n*m)/.
1466+--
1467+-- The @needle@ parameter may not be empty.
1468+breakOnAll :: Text -- ^ @needle@ to search for
1469+ -> Text -- ^ @haystack@ in which to search
1470+ -> [(Text, Text)]
1471+breakOnAll pat src@(Text arr off slen)
1472+ | null pat = emptyError "breakOnAll"
1473+ | otherwise = L.map step (indices pat src)
8061474 where
807− search !n !s
808− | null s = (src,empty) -- not found
809− | pat `isPrefixOf` s = (take n src,s)
810− | otherwise = search (n+1) (unsafeTail s)
811−{-# INLINE breakSubstring #-}
812−
813−-- | /O(n)/ 'filter', applied to a predicate and a 'Text',
814−-- returns a 'Text' containing those characters that satisfy the
815−-- predicate.
816−filter :: (Char -> Bool) -> Text -> Text
817−filter p t = unstream (S.filter p (stream t))
818−{-# INLINE filter #-}
819−
1475+ step x = (chunk 0 x, chunk x (slen-x))
1476+ chunk !n !l = text arr (n+off) l
1477+{-# INLINE breakOnAll #-}
8201478
8211479-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8221480-- ** Indexing 'Text's
8231481
1482+-- $index
1483+--
1484+-- If you think of a 'Text' value as an array of 'Char' values (which
1485+-- it is not), you run the risk of writing inefficient code.
1486+--
1487+-- An idiom that is common in some languages is to find the numeric
1488+-- offset of a character or substring, then use that number to split
1489+-- or trim the searched string. With a 'Text' value, this approach
1490+-- would require two /O(n)/ operations: one to perform the search, and
1491+-- one to operate from wherever the search ended.
1492+--
1493+-- For example, suppose you have a string that you want to split on
1494+-- the substring @\"::\"@, such as @\"foo::bar::quux\"@. Instead of
1495+-- searching for the index of @\"::\"@ and taking the substrings
1496+-- before and after that index, you would instead use @breakOnAll \"::\"@.
1497+
8241498-- | /O(n)/ 'Text' index (subscript) operator, starting from 0.
8251499index :: Text -> Int -> Char
8261500index t n = S.index (stream t) n
@@ -828,39 +1502,34 @@ index t n = S.index (stream t) n
8281502
8291503-- | /O(n)/ The 'findIndex' function takes a predicate and a 'Text'
8301504-- and returns the index of the first element in the 'Text' satisfying
831−-- the predicate. This function is subject to fusion.
1505+-- the predicate. Subject to fusion.
8321506findIndex :: (Char -> Bool) -> Text -> Maybe Int
8331507findIndex p t = S.findIndex p (stream t)
8341508{-# INLINE findIndex #-}
8351509
836−-- | The 'findIndices' function extends 'findIndex', by returning the
837−-- indices of all elements satisfying the predicate, in ascending
838−-- order. This function is subject to fusion.
839−findIndices :: (Char -> Bool) -> Text -> [Int]
840−findIndices p t = S.findIndices p (stream t)
841−{-# INLINE findIndices #-}
1510+-- | /O(n+m)/ The 'count' function returns the number of times the
1511+-- query string appears in the given 'Text'. An empty query string is
1512+-- invalid, and will cause an error to be raised.
1513+--
1514+-- In (unlikely) bad cases, this function's time complexity degrades
1515+-- towards /O(n*m)/.
1516+count :: Text -> Text -> Int
1517+count pat src
1518+ | null pat = emptyError "count"
1519+ | isSingleton pat = countChar (unsafeHead pat) src
1520+ | otherwise = L.length (indices pat src)
1521+{-# INLINE [1] count #-}
8421522
843−-- | /O(n)/ The 'elemIndex' function returns the index of the first
844−-- element in the given 'Text' which is equal to the query element, or
845−-- 'Nothing' if there is no such element. This function is subject to
846−-- fusion.
847−elemIndex :: Char -> Text -> Maybe Int
848−elemIndex c t = S.elemIndex c (stream t)
849−{-# INLINE elemIndex #-}
850−
851−-- | /O(n)/ The 'elemIndices' function returns the index of every
852−-- element in the given 'Text' which is equal to the query
853−-- element. This function is subject to fusion.
854−elemIndices :: Char -> Text -> [Int]
855−elemIndices c t = S.elemIndices c (stream t)
856−{-# INLINE elemIndices #-}
857−
858−-- | /O(n)/ The 'count' function returns the number of times the query
859−-- element appears in the given 'Text'. This function is subject to
860−-- fusion.
861−count :: Char -> Text -> Int
862−count c t = S.count c (stream t)
863−{-# INLINE count #-}
1523+{-# RULES
1524+"TEXT count/singleton -> countChar" [~1] forall c t.
1525+ count (singleton c) t = countChar c t
1526+ #-}
1527+
1528+-- | /O(n)/ The 'countChar' function returns the number of times the
1529+-- query element appears in the given 'Text'. Subject to fusion.
1530+countChar :: Char -> Text -> Int
1531+countChar c t = S.countChar c (stream t)
1532+{-# INLINE countChar #-}
8641533
8651534-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8661535-- * Zipping
@@ -871,13 +1540,15 @@ count c t = S.count c (stream t)
8711540-- equivalent to a pair of 'unpack' operations.
8721541zip :: Text -> Text -> [(Char,Char)]
8731542zip a b = S.unstreamList $ S.zipWith (,) (stream a) (stream b)
874−{-# INLINE [0] zip #-}
1543+{-# INLINE zip #-}
8751544
8761545-- | /O(n)/ 'zipWith' generalises 'zip' by zipping with the function
8771546-- given as the first argument, instead of a tupling function.
1547+-- Performs replacement on invalid scalar values.
8781548zipWith :: (Char -> Char -> Char) -> Text -> Text -> Text
879−zipWith f t1 t2 = unstream (S.zipWith f (stream t1) (stream t2))
880−{-# INLINE [0] zipWith #-}
1549+zipWith f t1 t2 = unstream (S.zipWith g (stream t1) (stream t2))
1550+ where g a b = safe (f a b)
1551+{-# INLINE zipWith #-}
8811552
8821553-- | /O(n)/ Breaks a 'Text' up into a list of words, delimited by 'Char's
8831554-- representing white space.
@@ -893,7 +1564,7 @@ words t@(Text arr off len) = loop 0 0
8931564 then loop (start+1) (start+1)
8941565 else Text arr (start+off) (n-start) : loop (n+d) (n+d)
8951566 | otherwise = loop start (n+d)
896− where (c,d) = iter t n
1567+ where Iter c d = iter t n
8971568{-# INLINE words #-}
8981569
8991570-- | /O(n)/ Breaks a 'Text' up into a list of 'Text's at
@@ -903,9 +1574,10 @@ lines ps | null ps = []
9031574 | otherwise = h : if null t
9041575 then []
9051576 else lines (unsafeTail t)
906− where (h,t) = span (/= '\n') ps
1577+ where (# h,t #) = span_ (/= '\n') ps
9071578{-# INLINE lines #-}
9081579
1580+{-
9091581-- | /O(n)/ Portably breaks a 'Text' up into a list of 'Text's at line
9101582-- boundaries.
9111583--
@@ -913,7 +1585,6 @@ lines ps | null ps = []
9131585-- return immediately followed by a line feed, or a carriage return.
9141586-- This accounts for both Unix and Windows line ending conventions,
9151587-- and for the old convention used on Mac OS 9 and earlier.
916−{-
9171588lines' :: Text -> [Text]
9181589lines' ps | null ps = []
9191590 | otherwise = h : case uncons t of
@@ -940,8 +1611,7 @@ unwords = intercalate (singleton ' ')
9401611{-# INLINE unwords #-}
9411612
9421613-- | /O(n)/ The 'isPrefixOf' function takes two 'Text's and returns
943−-- 'True' iff the first is a prefix of the second. This function is
944−-- subject to fusion.
1614+-- 'True' iff the first is a prefix of the second. Subject to fusion.
9451615isPrefixOf :: Text -> Text -> Bool
9461616isPrefixOf a@(Text _ _ alen) b@(Text _ _ blen) =
9471617 alen <= blen && S.isPrefixOf (stream a) (stream b)
@@ -950,8 +1620,6 @@ isPrefixOf a@(Text _ _ alen) b@(Text _ _ blen) =
9501620{-# RULES
9511621"TEXT isPrefixOf -> fused" [~1] forall s t.
9521622 isPrefixOf s t = S.isPrefixOf (stream s) (stream t)
953−"TEXT isPrefixOf -> unfused" [1] forall s t.
954− S.isPrefixOf (stream s) (stream t) = isPrefixOf s t
9551623 #-}
9561624
9571625-- | /O(n)/ The 'isSuffixOf' function takes two 'Text's and returns
@@ -964,13 +1632,124 @@ isSuffixOf a@(Text _aarr _aoff alen) b@(Text barr boff blen) =
9641632 | otherwise = Text barr (boff+d) alen
9651633{-# INLINE isSuffixOf #-}
9661634
967−-- | /O(n)/ The 'isInfixOf' function takes two 'Text's and returns
1635+-- | /O(n+m)/ The 'isInfixOf' function takes two 'Text's and returns
9681636-- 'True' iff the first is contained, wholly and intact, anywhere
9691637-- within the second.
1638+--
1639+-- In (unlikely) bad cases, this function's time complexity degrades
1640+-- towards /O(n*m)/.
9701641isInfixOf :: Text -> Text -> Bool
971−isInfixOf needle haystack = L.any (isPrefixOf needle) (tails haystack)
972−{-# INLINE isInfixOf #-}
973−-- TODO: a better implementation
1642+isInfixOf needle haystack
1643+ | null needle = True
1644+ | isSingleton needle = S.elem (unsafeHead needle) . S.stream $ haystack
1645+ | otherwise = not . L.null . indices needle $ haystack
1646+{-# INLINE [1] isInfixOf #-}
1647+
1648+{-# RULES
1649+"TEXT isInfixOf/singleton -> S.elem/S.stream" [~1] forall n h.
1650+ isInfixOf (singleton n) h = S.elem n (S.stream h)
1651+ #-}
1652+
1653+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1654+-- * View patterns
1655+
1656+-- | /O(n)/ Return the suffix of the second string if its prefix
1657+-- matches the entire first string.
1658+--
1659+-- Examples:
1660+--
1661+-- > stripPrefix "foo" "foobar" == Just "bar"
1662+-- > stripPrefix "" "baz" == Just "baz"
1663+-- > stripPrefix "foo" "quux" == Nothing
1664+--
1665+-- This is particularly useful with the @ViewPatterns@ extension to
1666+-- GHC, as follows:
1667+--
1668+-- > {-# LANGUAGE ViewPatterns #-}
1669+-- > import Data.Text as T
1670+-- >
1671+-- > fnordLength :: Text -> Int
1672+-- > fnordLength (stripPrefix "fnord" -> Just suf) = T.length suf
1673+-- > fnordLength _ = -1
1674+stripPrefix :: Text -> Text -> Maybe Text
1675+stripPrefix p@(Text _arr _off plen) t@(Text arr off len)
1676+ | p `isPrefixOf` t = Just $! text arr (off+plen) (len-plen)
1677+ | otherwise = Nothing
1678+
1679+-- | /O(n)/ Find the longest non-empty common prefix of two strings
1680+-- and return it, along with the suffixes of each string at which they
1681+-- no longer match.
1682+--
1683+-- If the strings do not have a common prefix or either one is empty,
1684+-- this function returns 'Nothing'.
1685+--
1686+-- Examples:
1687+--
1688+-- > commonPrefixes "foobar" "fooquux" == Just ("foo","bar","quux")
1689+-- > commonPrefixes "veeble" "fetzer" == Nothing
1690+-- > commonPrefixes "" "baz" == Nothing
1691+commonPrefixes :: Text -> Text -> Maybe (Text,Text,Text)
1692+commonPrefixes t0@(Text arr0 off0 len0) t1@(Text arr1 off1 len1) = go 0 0
1693+ where
1694+ go !i !j | i < len0 && j < len1 && a == b = go (i+d0) (j+d1)
1695+ | i > 0 = Just (Text arr0 off0 i,
1696+ text arr0 (off0+i) (len0-i),
1697+ text arr1 (off1+j) (len1-j))
1698+ | otherwise = Nothing
1699+ where Iter a d0 = iter t0 i
1700+ Iter b d1 = iter t1 j
1701+
1702+-- | /O(n)/ Return the prefix of the second string if its suffix
1703+-- matches the entire first string.
1704+--
1705+-- Examples:
1706+--
1707+-- > stripSuffix "bar" "foobar" == Just "foo"
1708+-- > stripSuffix "" "baz" == Just "baz"
1709+-- > stripSuffix "foo" "quux" == Nothing
1710+--
1711+-- This is particularly useful with the @ViewPatterns@ extension to
1712+-- GHC, as follows:
1713+--
1714+-- > {-# LANGUAGE ViewPatterns #-}
1715+-- > import Data.Text as T
1716+-- >
1717+-- > quuxLength :: Text -> Int
1718+-- > quuxLength (stripSuffix "quux" -> Just pre) = T.length pre
1719+-- > quuxLength _ = -1
1720+stripSuffix :: Text -> Text -> Maybe Text
1721+stripSuffix p@(Text _arr _off plen) t@(Text arr off len)
1722+ | p `isSuffixOf` t = Just $! text arr off (len-plen)
1723+ | otherwise = Nothing
1724+
1725+-- | Add a list of non-negative numbers. Errors out on overflow.
1726+sumP :: String -> [Int] -> Int
1727+sumP fun = go 0
1728+ where go !a (x:xs)
1729+ | ax >= 0 = go ax xs
1730+ | otherwise = overflowError fun
1731+ where ax = a + x
1732+ go a _ = a
9741733
9751734emptyError :: String -> a
976−emptyError fun = P.error ("Data.Text." ++ fun ++ ": empty input")
1735+emptyError fun = P.error $ "Data.Text." ++ fun ++ ": empty input"
1736+
1737+overflowError :: String -> a
1738+overflowError fun = P.error $ "Data.Text." ++ fun ++ ": size overflow"
1739+
1740+-- | /O(n)/ Make a distinct copy of the given string, sharing no
1741+-- storage with the original string.
1742+--
1743+-- As an example, suppose you read a large string, of which you need
1744+-- only a small portion. If you do not use 'copy', the entire original
1745+-- array will be kept alive in memory by the smaller string. Making a
1746+-- copy \"breaks the link\" to the original array, allowing it to be
1747+-- garbage collected if there are no other live references to it.
1748+copy :: Text -> Text
1749+copy (Text arr off len) = Text (A.run go) 0 len
1750+ where
1751+ go :: ST s (A.MArray s)
1752+ go = do
1753+ marr <- A.new len
1754+ A.copyI marr 0 arr off len
1755+ return marr