This document contains the official specification for tldr-pages clients. It is _not_ a specification of the format of the pages themselves - only a specification of how a user should be able to interface with an official client. For a list of previous versions of the specification, see the [changelog section](#Changelog) below.
The keywords "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119).
If a page is common across multiple platforms, but slightly differently on a given platform, then the page is still stored in `common`, but a copy tailored for the differing platform is placed in that platform's specific folder.
For example, if the command `foo` is common to `mac`, `windows`, and `linux` but functions differently on `windows`, then the main page will be stored in `common`, and a copy will be placed in `windows` that's altered to match the different functionality.
This section describes the standardised command-line interface (CLI) for clients implementing one. Clients that do not provide a CLI can ignore this section.
`-p`, `--platform` | Yes | Specifies the platform to be used to perform the action (either listing or searching) as an argument. If this option is specified, the selected platform MUST be checked first instead of the current platform as described below.
`-u`, `--update` | Conditional | Updates the offline cache of pages. MUST be implemented if cache is supported.
`-l`, `--list` | No | Lists all the pages in the current platform to the standard output. If the special platform `all` is specified a list of all pages in all platforms MUST be displayed.
`-L`, `--language` | No | Specifies the preferred language for the page returned. Overrides other language detection mechanisms. See the [language section](#language) for more information.
Additional decoration MAY be printed if the standard output is a [TTY](http://www.linusakesson.net/programming/tty/index.php). If not, then the output MUST not contain any additional decorations. For example a page list MUST be formatted with 1 page name per line (to enable easy manipulation using standard CLI tools such as `grep` etc.).
In addition, page names MAY contain spaces (e.g. `git status`) - such page names MUST be transparently concatenated with dashes (`-`). For example, the page name:
The primary (English) version of every page is stored inside (but not directly in) the `pages` directory. Inside this directory, there is a folder for each platform - for example `windows`, `linux`, and the special `common` platform:
Additional platforms MAY be added in the future. Clients MAY NOT support new platforms (though such support is RECOMMENDED), but MUST NOT break if additional platforms are added.
Other directories sit alongside the main `pages` directory, and contain translations of the English versions of every page - though pages MAY NOT have a translation available for a given language yet. Furthermore, a given language MAY NOT have a folder yet either. The format of these directories is `pages.<locale>`, where `<locale>` is a [POSIX Locale Name](https://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/html_node/Locale-Names.html#Locale-Names) in the form of `<language>_<country>`, where:
-`<language>` is the shortest [ISO 639](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639) language code for the chosen language (see [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ISO_639-2_codes) for a complete list).
-`<country>` is the two-letter [ISO 3166-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1) country code for the chosen region (see [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2#Officially_assigned_code_elements) for a complete list).
Although this specification is about the interface that clients must provide, it is also worth noting that pages are written in standard [CommonMark](https://commonmark.org/), which the exception of the non-standard `{{` and `}}` syntax, which surrounds values in an example that users may edit. Clients MUST NOT break if the page format is changed within the _CommonMark_ specification.
If a page is not available for either the host platform or the `common` platform, then clients SHOULD search other platforms and display a page from there - along with a warning message.
It is possible that due to this page resolution logic, the client may show a page which does not belong to the host platform because a page can reside in `common`, and not be present on the host platform. Clients must not assume that a given command is always executable on the host platform.
If a page cannot be found in _any_ platform, then it is RECOMMENDED that clients display an error message with a link to create a new issue against the `tldr-pages/tldr` GitHub repository. Said link might take the following form:
where `{command_name}` is the name of the command that was not found. Clients that have control over their exit code on the command line (i.e. clients that provide a CLI) MUST exit with a non-zero exit code in addition to showing the above message.
Pages can be written in multiple languages. If a client has access to environment variables, it MUST use them derive the preferred user language as described in the next paragraphs. If not, then clients MUST make reasonable assumptions based on the information provided by the environment in which they operate (e.g. consulting `navigator.languages` in a browser, etc.).
The [`LANG` environment variable](https://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/html_node/Locale-Environment-Variables.html) specifies the user preferred locale (in the form `ll[_CC][.encoding]`). The [`LANGUAGE` environment variable](https://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/html_node/The-LANGUAGE-variable.html) specifies a priority list of locales (in the form `l1:l2:...`) that can be used if the locale defined by `LANG` is not available. Both `LANG` and `LANGUAGE` may contain the values `C` or `POSIX`, which should be ignored.
In order to determine the display language, a client MUST:
1. Check the value of `LANG`. If not set, then skip to step 5.
2. Extract the priority list from `LANGUAGE`. If not set, start with an empty priority list.
3. Append the value of `LANG` to the priority list.
4. Follow the priority list in order and use the first available language.
5. Fall back to English if none of the languages are available.
Examples:
LANG | LANGUAGE | Result
-------|-----------|-----------------------------
`cz` |`it:cz:de` | `it`, `cz`, `de`, `en`
`cz` |`it:de:fr` | `it`, `de`, `fr`, `cz`, `en`
`it` |unset | `it`, `en`
unset |`it:cz` | `en`
unset |unset | `en`
Regardless of the language determined through the environment, clients MUST always attempt to fallback to English if the page does not exist in the user preferred language. Clients MAY notify the user when a page in their preferred language cannot be found (optionally including a link to the [translations section of the contributing guide](https://github.com/tldr-pages/tldr/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#translations)).
It is also RECOMMENDED to make the language configurable, as to not only rely on the environment. Clients SHOULD offer options to configure or override the language using configuration files or even command line options (like `-L, --language` as suggested in the [arguments section](#arguments) above). If such a command-line option is specified, a client must strictly adhere to its value, and MUST NOT show pages in a different language, failing with an appropriate error message instead.
The [`LC_MESSAGES` environment variable](https://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/html_node/Locale-Environment-Variables.html) MAY be present. If the client itself is localized and this environment variable is present, it MUST use its value in order to determine the language in which interface text is shown (separately from the language used for pages). In absence of `LC_MESSAGES`, then `LANG` and `LANGUAGE` MUST be used for this purpose instead.
**Note that** for page lookup it is highly RECOMMENDED to give precedence to the platform over the language. In other words, look for a platform under each language, before checking the next preferred language. This ensures a meaningful and correct page resolution.
If appropriate, it is RECOMMENDED that clients implement a cache of pages. If implemented, clients MUST download the archive either from **[http://tldr.sh/assets/tldr.zip](http://tldr.sh/assets/tldr.zip)** or [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tldr-pages/tldr-pages.github.io/master/assets/tldr.zip](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tldr-pages/tldr-pages.github.io/master/assets/tldr.zip) (which is pointed to by the first link).
Caching SHOULD be done according to the user's language configuration (if any), as to not waste unneeded space for unused languages. Additionally, clients MAY automatically update the cache on a regular basis.
