1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
2<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="in-text" version="1.0" demote-non-dropping-particle="display-and-sort" page-range-format="chicago">
4 <title>Chicago Manual of Style 17th edition (author-date)</title>
5 <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-author-date</id>
6 <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-author-date" rel="self"/>
7 <link href="http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html" rel="documentation"/>
9 <name>Julian Onions</name>
10 <email>julian.onions@gmail.com</email>
13 <name>Sebastian Karcher</name>
16 <name>Richard Karnesky</name>
17 <email>karnesky+zotero@gmail.com</email>
18 <uri>http://arc.nucapt.northwestern.edu/Richard_Karnesky</uri>
21 <name>Andrew Dunning</name>
22 <email>andrew.dunning@utoronto.ca</email>
23 <uri>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-5036</uri>
26 <name>Matthew Roth</name>
27 <email>matthew.g.roth@yale.edu</email>
28 <uri> https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7902-6331</uri>
31 <name>Brenton M. Wiernik</name>
33 <category citation-format="author-date"/>
34 <category field="generic-base"/>
35 <summary>The author-date variant of the Chicago style</summary>
36 <updated>2018-01-24T12:00:00+00:00</updated>
37 <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
39 <locale xml:lang="en">
41 <term name="editor" form="verb-short">ed.</term>
42 <term name="container-author" form="verb">by</term>
43 <term name="translator" form="verb-short">trans.</term>
44 <term name="editortranslator" form="verb">edited and translated by</term>
45 <term name="translator" form="short">trans.</term>
48 <macro name="secondary-contributors">
50 <if type="chapter entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia paper-conference" match="none">
51 <group delimiter=". ">
52 <names variable="editor translator" delimiter=". ">
53 <label form="verb" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
54 <name and="text" delimiter=", "/>
56 <names variable="director" delimiter=". ">
57 <label form="verb" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
58 <name and="text" delimiter=", "/>
64 <macro name="container-contributors">
66 <if type="chapter entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia paper-conference" match="any">
67 <group prefix=", " delimiter=", ">
68 <names variable="container-author" delimiter=", ">
69 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
70 <name and="text" delimiter=", "/>
72 <names variable="editor translator" delimiter=", ">
73 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
74 <name and="text" delimiter=", "/>
81 <names variable="editor">
82 <name name-as-sort-order="first" and="text" sort-separator=", " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
83 <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
86 <macro name="translator">
87 <names variable="translator">
88 <name name-as-sort-order="first" and="text" sort-separator=", " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
89 <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
92 <macro name="recipient">
94 <if type="personal_communication">
97 <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
100 <text term="letter" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
105 <names variable="recipient" delimiter=", ">
106 <label form="verb" prefix=" " text-case="lowercase" suffix=" "/>
107 <name and="text" delimiter=", "/>
110 <macro name="substitute-title">
112 <if type="article-magazine article-newspaper review review-book" match="any">
113 <text macro="container-title"/>
117 <macro name="contributors">
118 <group delimiter=". ">
119 <names variable="author">
120 <name and="text" name-as-sort-order="first" sort-separator=", " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
121 <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
123 <names variable="editor"/>
124 <names variable="translator"/>
125 <names variable="director"/>
126 <text macro="substitute-title"/>
127 <text macro="title"/>
130 <text macro="recipient"/>
133 <macro name="contributors-short">
134 <names variable="author">
135 <name form="short" and="text" delimiter=", " initialize-with=". "/>
137 <names variable="editor"/>
138 <names variable="translator"/>
139 <names variable="director"/>
140 <text macro="substitute-title"/>
141 <text macro="title"/>
145 <macro name="interviewer">
146 <names variable="interviewer" delimiter=", ">
147 <label form="verb" prefix=" " text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
148 <name and="text" delimiter=", "/>
151 <macro name="archive">
152 <group delimiter=". ">
153 <text variable="archive_location" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
154 <text variable="archive"/>
155 <text variable="archive-place"/>
158 <macro name="access">
159 <group delimiter=". ">
161 <if type="graphic report" match="any">
162 <text macro="archive"/>
164 <else-if type="article-journal bill book chapter legal_case legislation motion_picture paper-conference" match="none">
165 <text macro="archive"/>
169 <if type="webpage post-weblog" match="any">
170 <date variable="issued" form="text"/>
174 <if variable="issued" match="none">
175 <group delimiter=" ">
176 <text term="accessed" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
177 <date variable="accessed" form="text"/>
182 <if type="legal_case" match="none">
185 <text variable="DOI" prefix="https://doi.org/"/>
188 <text variable="URL"/>
197 <if variable="title" match="none">
199 <if type="personal_communication" match="none">
200 <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
204 <else-if type="bill book graphic legislation motion_picture song" match="any">
205 <text variable="title" text-case="title" font-style="italic"/>
206 <group prefix=" (" suffix=")" delimiter=" ">
207 <text term="version"/>
208 <text variable="version"/>
211 <else-if variable="reviewed-author">
213 <if variable="reviewed-title">
214 <group delimiter=". ">
215 <text variable="title" text-case="title" quotes="true"/>
216 <group delimiter=", ">
217 <text variable="reviewed-title" text-case="title" font-style="italic" prefix="Review of "/>
218 <names variable="reviewed-author">
219 <label form="verb-short" text-case="lowercase" suffix=" "/>
220 <name and="text" delimiter=", "/>
226 <group delimiter=", ">
227 <text variable="title" text-case="title" font-style="italic" prefix="Review of "/>
228 <names variable="reviewed-author">
229 <label form="verb-short" text-case="lowercase" suffix=" "/>
230 <name and="text" delimiter=", "/>
236 <else-if type="legal_case interview patent" match="any">
237 <text variable="title"/>
240 <text variable="title" text-case="title" quotes="true"/>
244 <macro name="edition">
246 <if type="bill book graphic legal_case legislation motion_picture report song" match="any">
248 <if is-numeric="edition">
249 <group delimiter=" " prefix=". ">
250 <number variable="edition" form="ordinal"/>
251 <text term="edition" form="short" strip-periods="true"/>
255 <text variable="edition" text-case="capitalize-first" prefix=". "/>
259 <else-if type="chapter entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia paper-conference" match="any">
261 <if is-numeric="edition">
262 <group delimiter=" " prefix=", ">
263 <number variable="edition" form="ordinal"/>
264 <text term="edition" form="short"/>
268 <text variable="edition" prefix=", "/>
274 <macro name="locators">
276 <if type="article-journal">
278 <if variable="volume">
279 <text variable="volume" prefix=" "/>
280 <group prefix=" (" suffix=")">
282 <if variable="issue">
283 <text variable="issue"/>
286 <date variable="issued">
287 <date-part name="month"/>
293 <else-if variable="issue">
294 <group delimiter=" " prefix=", ">
295 <text term="issue" form="short"/>
296 <text variable="issue"/>
297 <date variable="issued" prefix="(" suffix=")">
298 <date-part name="month"/>
303 <date variable="issued" prefix=", ">
304 <date-part name="month"/>
309 <else-if type="legal_case">
310 <text variable="volume" prefix=", "/>
311 <text variable="container-title" prefix=" "/>
312 <text variable="page" prefix=" "/>
314 <else-if type="bill book graphic legal_case legislation motion_picture report song" match="any">
315 <group prefix=". " delimiter=". ">
317 <text term="volume" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
318 <number variable="volume" form="numeric"/>
321 <number variable="number-of-volumes" form="numeric"/>
322 <text term="volume" form="short" prefix=" " plural="true"/>
326 <else-if type="chapter entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia paper-conference" match="any">
328 <if variable="page" match="none">
330 <text term="volume" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
331 <number variable="volume" form="numeric"/>
338 <macro name="locators-chapter">
340 <if type="chapter entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia paper-conference" match="any">
344 <text variable="volume" suffix=":"/>
345 <text variable="page"/>
352 <macro name="locators-article">
354 <if type="article-newspaper">
355 <group prefix=", " delimiter=", ">
356 <group delimiter=" ">
357 <text variable="edition"/>
358 <text term="edition"/>
361 <text term="section" form="short" suffix=" "/>
362 <text variable="section"/>
366 <else-if type="article-journal">
368 <if variable="volume issue" match="any">
369 <text variable="page" prefix=": "/>
372 <text variable="page" prefix=", "/>
378 <macro name="point-locators">
380 <if variable="locator">
382 <if locator="page" match="none">
384 <if type="bill book graphic legal_case legislation motion_picture report song" match="any">
386 <if variable="volume">
388 <text term="volume" form="short" suffix=" "/>
389 <number variable="volume" form="numeric"/>
390 <label variable="locator" form="short" prefix=", " suffix=" "/>
394 <label variable="locator" form="short" suffix=" "/>
399 <label variable="locator" form="short" suffix=" "/>
403 <else-if type="bill book graphic legal_case legislation motion_picture report song" match="any">
404 <number variable="volume" form="numeric" suffix=":"/>
407 <text variable="locator"/>
411 <macro name="container-prefix">
412 <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
414 <macro name="container-title">
416 <if type="chapter entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia paper-conference" match="any">
417 <text macro="container-prefix" suffix=" "/>
422 <text variable="container-title" text-case="title"/>
424 <else-if type="legal_case" match="none">
425 <group delimiter=" ">
426 <text variable="container-title" text-case="title" font-style="italic"/>
428 <if type="post-weblog">
429 <text value="(blog)"/>
436 <macro name="publisher">
437 <group delimiter=": ">
438 <text variable="publisher-place"/>
439 <text variable="publisher"/>
444 <if variable="issued">
445 <group delimiter=" ">
446 <date variable="original-date" form="text" date-parts="year" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
447 <date variable="issued">
448 <date-part name="year"/>
452 <else-if variable="status">
453 <text variable="status" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
456 <text term="no date" form="short"/>
460 <macro name="date-in-text">
462 <if variable="issued">
463 <group delimiter=" ">
464 <date variable="original-date" form="text" date-parts="year" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
465 <date variable="issued">
466 <date-part name="year"/>
470 <else-if variable="status">
471 <text variable="status"/>
474 <text term="no date" form="short"/>
478 <macro name="day-month">
479 <date variable="issued">
480 <date-part name="month"/>
481 <date-part name="day" prefix=" "/>
484 <macro name="collection-title">
486 <if match="none" type="article-journal">
488 <if match="none" is-numeric="collection-number">
489 <group delimiter=", ">
490 <text variable="collection-title" text-case="title"/>
491 <text variable="collection-number"/>
495 <group delimiter=" ">
496 <text variable="collection-title" text-case="title"/>
497 <text variable="collection-number"/>
504 <macro name="collection-title-journal">
506 <if type="article-journal">
507 <group delimiter=" ">
508 <text variable="collection-title"/>
509 <text variable="collection-number"/>
515 <group delimiter=" ">
517 <if variable="genre">
518 <text term="presented at"/>
521 <text term="presented at" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
524 <text variable="event"/>
527 <macro name="description">
529 <if type="interview">
530 <group delimiter=". ">
531 <text macro="interviewer"/>
532 <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
535 <else-if type="patent">
536 <group delimiter=" " prefix=". ">
537 <text variable="authority"/>
538 <text variable="number"/>
542 <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first" prefix=". "/>
546 <if variable="title" match="none"/>
547 <else-if type="thesis personal_communication speech" match="any"/>
549 <group delimiter=" " prefix=". ">
550 <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
553 <text variable="number"/>
562 <if type="legal_case">
563 <text variable="authority" prefix=". "/>
565 <else-if type="speech">
566 <group prefix=". " delimiter=", ">
567 <group delimiter=" ">
568 <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
569 <text macro="event"/>
571 <text variable="event-place"/>
572 <text macro="day-month"/>
575 <else-if type="article-newspaper article-magazine personal_communication" match="any">
576 <date variable="issued" form="text" prefix=", "/>
578 <else-if type="patent">
579 <group delimiter=", " prefix=", ">
580 <group delimiter=" ">
581 <!--Needs Localization-->
582 <text value="filed"/>
583 <date variable="submitted" form="text"/>
585 <group delimiter=" ">
587 <if variable="issued submitted" match="all">
591 <!--Needs Localization-->
592 <text value="issued"/>
593 <date variable="issued" form="text"/>
597 <else-if type="article-journal" match="any"/>
599 <group prefix=". " delimiter=", ">
602 <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
605 <text macro="publisher"/>
610 <citation et-al-min="4" et-al-use-first="1" disambiguate-add-year-suffix="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" disambiguate-add-givenname="true" givenname-disambiguation-rule="primary-name" collapse="year" after-collapse-delimiter="; ">
611 <layout prefix="(" suffix=")" delimiter="; ">
612 <group delimiter=", ">
614 <if variable="issued accessed" match="any">
615 <group delimiter=" ">
616 <text macro="contributors-short"/>
617 <text macro="date-in-text"/>
620 <!---comma before forthcoming and n.d.-->
622 <group delimiter=", ">
623 <text macro="contributors-short"/>
624 <text macro="date-in-text"/>
628 <text macro="point-locators"/>
632 <bibliography hanging-indent="true" et-al-min="11" et-al-use-first="7" subsequent-author-substitute="———" entry-spacing="0">
634 <key macro="contributors"/>
635 <key variable="issued"/>
636 <key variable="title"/>
639 <group delimiter=". ">
640 <text macro="contributors"/>
642 <text macro="title"/>
644 <text macro="description"/>
645 <text macro="secondary-contributors" prefix=". "/>
646 <text macro="container-title" prefix=". "/>
647 <text macro="container-contributors"/>
648 <text macro="edition"/>
649 <text macro="locators-chapter"/>
650 <text macro="collection-title-journal" prefix=", " suffix=", "/>
651 <text macro="locators"/>
652 <text macro="collection-title" prefix=". "/>
653 <text macro="issue"/>
654 <text macro="locators-article"/>
655 <text macro="access" prefix=". "/>
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