@@ -1,46 +1,34 @@
1−% Pandoc User's Guide
2+title: Pandoc User's Guide
2−% John MacFarlane
3+author: John MacFarlane
3−% September 26, 2016
4+date: June 20, 2021
8`pandoc` [*options*] [*input-file*]...
9`pandoc` [*options*] [*input-file*]...
10−Description
11+# Description
13Pandoc is a [Haskell] library for converting from one markup format to
13Pandoc is a [Haskell] library for converting from one markup format to
14−another, and a command-line tool that uses this library. It can read
14+another, and a command-line tool that uses this library.
15−[Markdown], [CommonMark], [PHP Markdown Extra], [GitHub-Flavored Markdown],
15+
16−[MultiMarkdown], and (subsets of) [Textile], [reStructuredText], [HTML],
16+Pandoc can convert between numerous markup and word processing formats,
17−[LaTeX], [MediaWiki markup], [TWiki markup], [Haddock markup], [OPML], [Emacs
17+including, but not limited to, various flavors of [Markdown], [HTML],
18−Org mode], [DocBook], [txt2tags], [EPUB], [ODT] and [Word docx]; and it can
18+[LaTeX] and [Word docx]. For the full lists of input and output formats,
19−write plain text, [Markdown], [CommonMark], [PHP Markdown Extra],
19+see the `--from` and `--to` [options below][General options].
20−[GitHub-Flavored Markdown], [MultiMarkdown], [reStructuredText], [XHTML],
20+Pandoc can also produce [PDF] output: see [creating a PDF], below.
21−[HTML5], [LaTeX] (including [`beamer`] slide shows), [ConTeXt], [RTF], [OPML],
21+
22−[DocBook], [OpenDocument], [ODT], [Word docx], [GNU Texinfo], [MediaWiki
23−markup], [DokuWiki markup], [ZimWiki markup], [Haddock markup],
24−[EPUB] (v2 or v3), [FictionBook2], [Textile], [groff man] pages,
25−[Emacs Org mode], [AsciiDoc], [InDesign ICML], [TEI Simple], and [Slidy],
26−[Slideous], [DZSlides], [reveal.js] or [S5] HTML slide shows. It can also
27−produce [PDF] output on systems where LaTeX, ConTeXt, or `wkhtmltopdf` is
30−Pandoc's enhanced version of Markdown includes syntax for [footnotes],
22+Pandoc's enhanced version of Markdown includes syntax for [tables],
31−[tables], flexible [ordered lists], [definition lists], [fenced code blocks],
23+[definition lists], [metadata blocks], [footnotes], [citations], [math],
32−[superscripts and subscripts], [strikeout], [metadata blocks], automatic tables of
33−contents, embedded LaTeX [math], [citations], and [Markdown inside HTML block
34−elements][Extension: `markdown_in_html_blocks`]. (These enhancements, described below under
35−[Pandoc's Markdown], can be disabled using the
24+and much more. See below under [Pandoc's Markdown].
36−`markdown_strict` input or output format.)
25+
38−In contrast to most existing tools for converting Markdown to HTML, which
39−use regex substitutions, pandoc has a modular design: it consists of a
26+Pandoc has a modular design: it consists of a set of readers, which parse
40−set of readers, which parse text in a given format and produce a native
27+text in a given format and produce a native representation of the document
41−representation of the document, and a set of writers, which convert
28+(an _abstract syntax tree_ or AST), and a set of writers, which convert
42this native representation into a target format. Thus, adding an input
29this native representation into a target format. Thus, adding an input
43−or output format requires only adding a reader or writer.
30+or output format requires only adding a reader or writer. Users can also
31+run custom [pandoc filters] to modify the intermediate AST.
45Because pandoc's intermediate representation of a document is less
33Because pandoc's intermediate representation of a document is less
46expressive than many of the formats it converts between, one should
34expressive than many of the formats it converts between, one should
@@ -52,83 +40,33 @@ model. While conversions from pandoc's Markdown to all formats aspire
52to be perfect, conversions from formats more expressive than pandoc's
40to be perfect, conversions from formats more expressive than pandoc's
53Markdown can be expected to be lossy.
41Markdown can be expected to be lossy.
55−[Markdown]: http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/
56−[CommonMark]: http://commonmark.org
57−[PHP Markdown Extra]: https://michelf.ca/projects/php-markdown/extra/
58−[GitHub-Flavored Markdown]: https://help.github.com/articles/github-flavored-markdown/
59−[MultiMarkdown]: http://fletcherpenney.net/multimarkdown/
60−[reStructuredText]: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/docs/ref/rst/introduction.html
61−[S5]: http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/s5/
62−[Slidy]: http://www.w3.org/Talks/Tools/Slidy/
63−[Slideous]: http://goessner.net/articles/slideous/
64−[HTML]: http://www.w3.org/html/
65−[HTML5]: http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/
66−[XHTML]: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/
67−[LaTeX]: http://latex-project.org
68−[`beamer`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/beamer
69−[Beamer User's Guide]: http://ctan.math.utah.edu/ctan/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/beamer/doc/beameruserguide.pdf
70−[ConTeXt]: http://contextgarden.net/
71−[RTF]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rich_Text_Format
72−[DocBook]: http://docbook.org
73−[txt2tags]: http://txt2tags.org
74−[EPUB]: http://idpf.org/epub
75−[OPML]: http://dev.opml.org/spec2.html
76−[OpenDocument]: http://opendocument.xml.org
77−[ODT]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDocument
78−[Textile]: http://redcloth.org/textile
79−[MediaWiki markup]: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Formatting
80−[DokuWiki markup]: https://www.dokuwiki.org/dokuwiki
81−[ZimWiki markup]: http://zim-wiki.org/manual/Help/Wiki_Syntax.html
82−[TWiki markup]: http://twiki.org/cgi-bin/view/TWiki/TextFormattingRules
83−[Haddock markup]: https://www.haskell.org/haddock/doc/html/ch03s08.html
84−[groff man]: http://developer.apple.com/DOCUMENTATION/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man7/groff_man.7.html
85−[Haskell]: https://www.haskell.org
86−[GNU Texinfo]: http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/
87−[Emacs Org mode]: http://orgmode.org
88−[AsciiDoc]: http://www.methods.co.nz/asciidoc/
89−[DZSlides]: http://paulrouget.com/dzslides/
90−[Word docx]: http://www.microsoft.com/interop/openup/openxml/default.aspx
91−[PDF]: https://www.adobe.com/pdf/
92−[reveal.js]: http://lab.hakim.se/reveal-js/
93−[FictionBook2]: http://www.fictionbook.org/index.php/Eng:XML_Schema_Fictionbook_2.1
94−[InDesign ICML]: https://www.adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/devnet/indesign/cs55-docs/IDML/idml-specification.pdf
95−[TEI Simple]: https://github.com/TEIC/TEI-Simple
97−Using `pandoc`
43+## Using pandoc
100−If no *input-file* is specified, input is read from *stdin*.
45+If no *input-files* are specified, input is read from *stdin*.
101−Otherwise, the *input-files* are concatenated (with a blank
102−line between each) and used as input. Output goes to *stdout* by
46+Output goes to *stdout* by default. For output to a file,
103−default (though output to *stdout* is disabled for the `odt`, `docx`,
104−`epub`, and `epub3` output formats). For output to a file, use the
105−`-o` option:
47+use the `-o` option:
107 pandoc -o output.html input.txt
49 pandoc -o output.html input.txt
109−By default, pandoc produces a document fragment, not a standalone
51+By default, pandoc produces a document fragment. To produce a standalone
110−document with a proper header and footer. To produce a standalone
52+document (e.g. a valid HTML file including `<head>` and `<body>`),
111−document, use the `-s` or `--standalone` flag:
53+use the `-s` or `--standalone` flag:
113 pandoc -s -o output.html input.txt
55 pandoc -s -o output.html input.txt
115For more information on how standalone documents are produced, see
57For more information on how standalone documents are produced, see
116−[Templates], below.
58+[Templates] below.
118−Instead of a file, an absolute URI may be given. In this case
119−pandoc will fetch the content using HTTP:
121− pandoc -f html -t markdown http://www.fsf.org
123If multiple input files are given, `pandoc` will concatenate them all (with
60If multiple input files are given, `pandoc` will concatenate them all (with
124−blank lines between them) before parsing. This feature is disabled for
61+blank lines between them) before parsing. (Use `--file-scope` to parse files
125− binary input formats such as `EPUB`, `odt`, and `docx`.
62+individually.)
127The format of the input and output can be specified explicitly using
66The format of the input and output can be specified explicitly using
128command-line options. The input format can be specified using the
67command-line options. The input format can be specified using the
129−`-r/--read` or `-f/--from` options, the output format using the
68+`-f/--from` option, the output format using the `-t/--to` option.
130−`-w/--write` or `-t/--to` options. Thus, to convert `hello.txt` from
131−Markdown to LaTeX, you could type:
69+Thus, to convert `hello.txt` from Markdown to LaTeX, you could type:
133 pandoc -f markdown -t latex hello.txt
71 pandoc -f markdown -t latex hello.txt
@@ -136,14 +74,15 @@ To convert `hello.html` from HTML to Markdown:
137 pandoc -f html -t markdown hello.html
75 pandoc -f html -t markdown hello.html
139−Supported output formats are listed below under the `-t/--to` option.
77+Supported input and output formats are listed below under [Options]
140−Supported input formats are listed below under the `-f/--from` option. Note
78+(see `-f` for input formats and `-t` for output formats). You
141−that the `rst`, `textile`, `latex`, and `html` readers are not complete;
79+can also use `pandoc --list-input-formats` and
142−there are some constructs that they do not parse.
80+`pandoc --list-output-formats` to print lists of supported
144If the input or output format is not specified explicitly, `pandoc`
83If the input or output format is not specified explicitly, `pandoc`
145−will attempt to guess it from the extensions of
84+will attempt to guess it from the extensions of the filenames.
146−the input and output filenames. Thus, for example,
85+Thus, for example,
148 pandoc -o hello.tex hello.txt
87 pandoc -o hello.tex hello.txt
@@ -152,7 +91,9 @@ is specified (so that output goes to *stdout*), or if the output file's
152extension is unknown, the output format will default to HTML.
91extension is unknown, the output format will default to HTML.
153If no input file is specified (so that input comes from *stdin*), or
92If no input file is specified (so that input comes from *stdin*), or
154if the input files' extensions are unknown, the input format will
93if the input files' extensions are unknown, the input format will
155−be assumed to be Markdown unless explicitly specified.
94+be assumed to be Markdown.
157Pandoc uses the UTF-8 character encoding for both input and output.
98Pandoc uses the UTF-8 character encoding for both input and output.
158If your local character encoding is not UTF-8, you
99If your local character encoding is not UTF-8, you
@@ -165,219 +106,432 @@ RTF, OPML, DocBook, and Texinfo), information about
165the character encoding is included in the document header, which
106the character encoding is included in the document header, which
166will only be included if you use the `-s/--standalone` option.
107will only be included if you use the `-s/--standalone` option.
168−[`iconv`]: http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/
109+[`iconv`]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/
170−Creating a PDF
111+## Creating a PDF
173−To produce a PDF, specify an output file with a `.pdf` extension.
113+To produce a PDF, specify an output file with a `.pdf` extension:
174−By default, pandoc will use LaTeX to convert it to PDF:
176 pandoc test.txt -o test.pdf
115 pandoc test.txt -o test.pdf
117+By default, pandoc will use LaTeX to create the PDF, which requires
178−Production of a PDF requires that a LaTeX engine be installed (see
118+that a LaTeX engine be installed (see `--pdf-engine` below).
179−`--latex-engine`, below), and assumes that the following LaTeX packages
119+Alternatively, pandoc can use ConTeXt, roff ms, or HTML as an
120+intermediate format. To do this, specify an output file with a
121+`.pdf` extension, as before, but add the `--pdf-engine` option
122+or `-t context`, `-t html`, or `-t ms` to the command line.
123+The tool used to generate the PDF from the intermediate format
124+may be specified using `--pdf-engine`.
126+You can control the PDF style using variables, depending on
127+the intermediate format used: see [variables for LaTeX],
128+[variables for ConTeXt], [variables for `wkhtmltopdf`],
129+[variables for ms]. When HTML is used as an intermediate
130+format, the output can be styled using `--css`.
132+To debug the PDF creation, it can be useful to look at the intermediate
133+representation: instead of `-o test.pdf`, use for example `-s -o test.tex`
134+to output the generated LaTeX. You can then test it with `pdflatex test.tex`.
136+When using LaTeX, the following packages need to be available
137+(they are included with all recent versions of [TeX Live]):
180−are available: [`amsfonts`], [`amsmath`], [`lm`],
138+[`amsfonts`], [`amsmath`], [`lm`], [`unicode-math`],
181−[`ifxetex`], [`ifluatex`], [`eurosym`], [`listings`] (if the
139+[`iftex`], [`listings`] (if the
182`--listings` option is used), [`fancyvrb`], [`longtable`],
140`--listings` option is used), [`fancyvrb`], [`longtable`],
183−[`booktabs`], [`graphicx`] and [`grffile`] (if the
141+[`booktabs`], [`graphicx`] (if the document
184−document contains images), [`hyperref`], [`ulem`],
142+contains images), [`hyperref`], [`xcolor`],
185−[`geometry`] (with the `geometry` variable set), [`setspace`] (with
143+[`ulem`], [`geometry`] (with the `geometry` variable set),
144+[`setspace`] (with `linestretch`), and
186−`linestretch`), and [`babel`] (with `lang`). The use of `xelatex` or
145+[`babel`] (with `lang`). The use of `xelatex` or `lualatex` as
187−`lualatex` as the LaTeX engine requires [`fontspec`]; `xelatex` uses
146+the PDF engine requires [`fontspec`]. `lualatex` uses
188−[`mathspec`], [`polyglossia`] (with `lang`), [`xecjk`], and
147+[`selnolig`]. `xelatex` uses [`polyglossia`] (with `lang`),
189−[`bidi`] (with the `dir` variable set). The [`upquote`] and
148+[`xecjk`], and [`bidi`] (with the `dir` variable set). If the
149+`mathspec` variable is set, `xelatex` will use [`mathspec`]
150+instead of [`unicode-math`]. The [`upquote`] and [`microtype`]
190−[`microtype`] packages are used if available, and [`csquotes`] will
151+packages are used if available, and [`csquotes`] will be used
191−be used for [smart punctuation] if added to the template or included in
152+for [typography] if the `csquotes` variable or metadata field is
192−any header file. The [`natbib`], [`biblatex`], [`bibtex`], and [`biber`]
153+set to a true value. The [`natbib`], [`biblatex`], [`bibtex`],
193−packages can optionally be used for [citation rendering]. These are
154+and [`biber`] packages can optionally be used for [citation
194−included with all recent versions of [TeX Live].
155+rendering]. The following packages will be used to improve
195−
156+output quality if present, but pandoc does not require them to
196−Alternatively, pandoc can use ConTeXt or `wkhtmltopdf` to create a PDF.
157+be present: [`upquote`] (for straight quotes in verbatim
197−To do this, specify an output file with a `.pdf` extension,
158+environments), [`microtype`] (for better spacing adjustments),
198−as before, but add `-t context` or `-t html5` to the command line.
159+[`parskip`] (for better inter-paragraph spaces), [`xurl`] (for
199−
160+better line breaks in URLs), [`bookmark`] (for better PDF
200−PDF output can be controlled using [variables for LaTeX] (if
161+bookmarks), and [`footnotehyper`] or [`footnote`] (to allow
201−LaTeX is used) and [variables for ConTeXt] (if ConTeXt is used).
162+footnotes in tables).
202−If `wkhtmltopdf` is used, then the variables `margin-left`,
163+
203−`margin-right`, `margin-top`, `margin-bottom`, and `papersize`
164+[TeX Live]: https://www.tug.org/texlive/
204−will affect the output, as will `--css`.
206[`amsfonts`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/amsfonts
165[`amsfonts`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/amsfonts
207[`amsmath`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/amsmath
166[`amsmath`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/amsmath
208−[`lm`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/lm
209−[`ifxetex`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/ifxetex
167+[`babel`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/babel
210−[`ifluatex`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/ifluatex
168+[`biber`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/biber
211−[`eurosym`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/eurosym
169+[`biblatex`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/biblatex
212−[`listings`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/listings
170+[`bibtex`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/bibtex
213−[`fancyvrb`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/fancyvrb
171+[`bidi`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/bidi
214−[`longtable`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/longtable
172+[`bookmark`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/bookmark
215[`booktabs`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/booktabs
173[`booktabs`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/booktabs
174+[`csquotes`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/csquotes
175+[`fancyvrb`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/fancyvrb
176+[`fontspec`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/fontspec
177+[`footnote`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/footnote
178+[`footnotehyper`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/footnotehyper
179+[`geometry`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/geometry
216[`graphicx`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/graphicx
180[`graphicx`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/graphicx
217[`grffile`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/grffile
181[`grffile`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/grffile
218−[`geometry`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/geometry
219−[`setspace`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/setspace
220−[`xecjk`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/xecjk
221[`hyperref`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/hyperref
182[`hyperref`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/hyperref
222−[`ulem`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/ulem
183+[`iftex`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/iftex
223−[`babel`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/babel
184+[`listings`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/listings
224−[`bidi`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/bidi
185+[`lm`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/lm
186+[`longtable`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/longtable
225[`mathspec`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/mathspec
187[`mathspec`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/mathspec
226−[`polyglossia`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/polyglossia
227−[`fontspec`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/fontspec
228−[`upquote`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/upquote
229[`microtype`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/microtype
188[`microtype`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/microtype
230−[`csquotes`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/csquotes
231[`natbib`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/natbib
189[`natbib`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/natbib
232−[`biblatex`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/biblatex
190+[`parskip`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/parskip
233−[`bibtex`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/bibtex
191+[`polyglossia`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/polyglossia
192+[`prince`]: https://www.princexml.com/
234−[`biber`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/biber
193+[`setspace`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/setspace
235−[TeX Live]: http://www.tug.org/texlive/
194+[`ulem`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/ulem
195+[`unicode-math`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/unicode-math
196+[`upquote`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/upquote
197+[`weasyprint`]: https://weasyprint.org
198+[`wkhtmltopdf`]: https://wkhtmltopdf.org
199+[`xcolor`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/xcolor
200+[`xecjk`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/xecjk
201+[`xurl`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/xurl
202+[`selnolig`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/selnolig
206+## Reading from the Web
208+Instead of an input file, an absolute URI may be given. In this case
209+pandoc will fetch the content using HTTP:
211+ pandoc -f html -t markdown https://www.fsf.org
237−Options
213+It is possible to supply a custom User-Agent string or other
238−=======
214+header when requesting a document from a URL:
216+ pandoc -f html -t markdown --request-header User-Agent:"Mozilla/5.0" \
240−General options
221+## General options {.options}
243`-f` *FORMAT*, `-r` *FORMAT*, `--from=`*FORMAT*, `--read=`*FORMAT*
223`-f` *FORMAT*, `-r` *FORMAT*, `--from=`*FORMAT*, `--read=`*FORMAT*
245−: Specify input format. *FORMAT* can be `native` (native Haskell),
225+: Specify input format. *FORMAT* can be:
227+ ::: {#input-formats}
228+ - `bibtex` ([BibTeX] bibliography)
229+ - `biblatex` ([BibLaTeX] bibliography)
230+ - `commonmark` ([CommonMark] Markdown)
231+ - `commonmark_x` ([CommonMark] Markdown with extensions)
232+ - `creole` ([Creole 1.0])
233+ - `csljson` ([CSL JSON] bibliography)
234+ - `csv` ([CSV] table)
235+ - `docbook` ([DocBook])
236+ - `docx` ([Word docx])
237+ - `dokuwiki` ([DokuWiki markup])
239+ - `fb2` ([FictionBook2] e-book)
240+ - `gfm` ([GitHub-Flavored Markdown]),
241+ or the deprecated and less accurate `markdown_github`;
242+ use [`markdown_github`](#markdown-variants) only
243+ if you need extensions not supported in [`gfm`](#markdown-variants).
244+ - `haddock` ([Haddock markup])
246+ - `ipynb` ([Jupyter notebook])
247+ - `jats` ([JATS] XML)
248+ - `jira` ([Jira]/Confluence wiki markup)
246− `json` (JSON version of native AST), `markdown` (pandoc's
249+ - `json` (JSON version of native AST)
247− extended Markdown), `markdown_strict` (original unextended
250+ - `latex` ([LaTeX])
251+ - `markdown` ([Pandoc's Markdown])
252+ - `markdown_mmd` ([MultiMarkdown])
248− Markdown), `markdown_phpextra` (PHP Markdown Extra), `markdown_github`
253+ - `markdown_phpextra` ([PHP Markdown Extra])
249− (GitHub-Flavored Markdown), `markdown_mmd` (MultiMarkdown),
254+ - `markdown_strict` (original unextended [Markdown])
250− `commonmark` (CommonMark Markdown), `textile` (Textile), `rst`
255+ - `mediawiki` ([MediaWiki markup])
251− (reStructuredText), `html` (HTML), `docbook` (DocBook), `t2t`
256+ - `man` ([roff man])
252− (txt2tags), `docx` (docx), `odt` (ODT), `epub` (EPUB), `opml` (OPML),
257+ - `muse` ([Muse])
258+ - `native` (native Haskell)
253− `org` (Emacs Org mode), `mediawiki` (MediaWiki markup), `twiki` (TWiki
261+ - `org` ([Emacs Org mode])
254− markup), `haddock` (Haddock markup), or `latex` (LaTeX). If
262+ - `rst` ([reStructuredText])
255− `+lhs` is appended to `markdown`, `rst`, `latex`, or `html`, the
263+ - `t2t` ([txt2tags])
256− input will be treated as literate Haskell source: see [Literate
264+ - `textile` ([Textile])
257− Haskell support], below. Markdown
265+ - `tikiwiki` ([TikiWiki markup])
266+ - `twiki` ([TWiki markup])
267+ - `vimwiki` ([Vimwiki])
258− syntax extensions can be individually enabled or disabled by
270+ Extensions can be individually enabled or disabled by
259− appending `+EXTENSION` or `-EXTENSION` to the format name. So, for
271+ appending `+EXTENSION` or `-EXTENSION` to the format name.
260− example, `markdown_strict+footnotes+definition_lists` is strict
261− Markdown with footnotes and definition lists enabled, and
262− `markdown-pipe_tables+hard_line_breaks` is pandoc's Markdown
263− without pipe tables and with hard line breaks. See [Pandoc's
264− Markdown], below, for a list of extensions and
272+ See [Extensions] below, for a list of extensions and
265− their names.
273+ their names. See `--list-input-formats` and `--list-extensions`,
267`-t` *FORMAT*, `-w` *FORMAT*, `--to=`*FORMAT*, `--write=`*FORMAT*
276`-t` *FORMAT*, `-w` *FORMAT*, `--to=`*FORMAT*, `--write=`*FORMAT*
269−: Specify output format. *FORMAT* can be `native` (native Haskell),
278+: Specify output format. *FORMAT* can be:
280+ ::: {#output-formats}
281+ - `asciidoc` ([AsciiDoc]) or `asciidoctor` ([AsciiDoctor])
282+ - `beamer` ([LaTeX beamer][`beamer`] slide show)
283+ - `bibtex` ([BibTeX] bibliography)
284+ - `biblatex` ([BibLaTeX] bibliography)
285+ - `commonmark` ([CommonMark] Markdown)
286+ - `commonmark_x` ([CommonMark] Markdown with extensions)
287+ - `context` ([ConTeXt])
288+ - `csljson` ([CSL JSON] bibliography)
289+ - `docbook` or `docbook4` ([DocBook] 4)
290+ - `docbook5` (DocBook 5)
291+ - `docx` ([Word docx])
292+ - `dokuwiki` ([DokuWiki markup])
293+ - `epub` or `epub3` ([EPUB] v3 book)
295+ - `fb2` ([FictionBook2] e-book)
296+ - `gfm` ([GitHub-Flavored Markdown]),
297+ or the deprecated and less accurate `markdown_github`;
298+ use [`markdown_github`](#markdown-variants) only
299+ if you need extensions not supported in [`gfm`](#markdown-variants).
300+ - `haddock` ([Haddock markup])
301+ - `html` or `html5` ([HTML], i.e. [HTML5]/XHTML [polyglot markup])
302+ - `html4` ([XHTML] 1.0 Transitional)
303+ - `icml` ([InDesign ICML])
304+ - `ipynb` ([Jupyter notebook])
305+ - `jats_archiving` ([JATS] XML, Archiving and Interchange Tag Set)
306+ - `jats_articleauthoring` ([JATS] XML, Article Authoring Tag Set)
307+ - `jats_publishing` ([JATS] XML, Journal Publishing Tag Set)
308+ - `jats` (alias for `jats_archiving`)
309+ - `jira` ([Jira]/Confluence wiki markup)
270− `json` (JSON version of native AST), `plain` (plain text),
310+ - `json` (JSON version of native AST)
271− `markdown` (pandoc's extended Markdown), `markdown_strict`
311+ - `latex` ([LaTeX])
312+ - `man` ([roff man])
313+ - `markdown` ([Pandoc's Markdown])
314+ - `markdown_mmd` ([MultiMarkdown])
315+ - `markdown_phpextra` ([PHP Markdown Extra])
272− (original unextended Markdown), `markdown_phpextra` (PHP Markdown
316+ - `markdown_strict` (original unextended [Markdown])
273− Extra), `markdown_github` (GitHub-Flavored Markdown), `markdown_mmd`
274− (MultiMarkdown), `commonmark` (CommonMark Markdown), `rst`
275− (reStructuredText), `html` (XHTML), `html5` (HTML5), `latex`
276− (LaTeX), `beamer` (LaTeX beamer slide show), `context` (ConTeXt),
277− `man` (groff man), `mediawiki` (MediaWiki markup),
317+ - `mediawiki` ([MediaWiki markup])
278− `dokuwiki` (DokuWiki markup), `zimwiki` (ZimWiki markup),
318+ - `ms` ([roff ms])
320+ - `native` (native Haskell),
321+ - `odt` ([OpenOffice text document][ODT])
323+ - `opendocument` ([OpenDocument])
279− `textile` (Textile), `org` (Emacs Org mode),
324+ - `org` ([Emacs Org mode])
326+ - `plain` (plain text),
327+ - `pptx` ([PowerPoint] slide show)
328+ - `rst` ([reStructuredText])
329+ - `rtf` ([Rich Text Format])
280− `texinfo` (GNU Texinfo), `opml` (OPML), `docbook` (DocBook 4),
330+ - `texinfo` ([GNU Texinfo])
281− `docbook5` (DocBook 5), `opendocument` (OpenDocument), `odt`
331+ - `textile` ([Textile])
282− (OpenOffice text document), `docx` (Word docx), `haddock`
332+ - `slideous` ([Slideous] HTML and JavaScript slide show)
283− (Haddock markup), `rtf` (rich text format), `epub` (EPUB v2
284− book), `epub3` (EPUB v3), `fb2` (FictionBook2 e-book),
285− `asciidoc` (AsciiDoc), `icml` (InDesign ICML), `tei` (TEI
286− Simple), `slidy` (Slidy HTML and javascript slide show),
333+ - `slidy` ([Slidy] HTML and JavaScript slide show)
287− `slideous` (Slideous HTML and javascript slide show),
288− `dzslides` (DZSlides HTML5 + javascript slide show),
334+ - `dzslides` ([DZSlides] HTML5 + JavaScript slide show),
289− `revealjs` (reveal.js HTML5 + javascript slide show), `s5`
335+ - `revealjs` ([reveal.js] HTML5 + JavaScript slide show)
290− (S5 HTML and javascript slide show), or the path of a custom
336+ - `s5` ([S5] HTML and JavaScript slide show)
337+ - `tei` ([TEI Simple])
338+ - `xwiki` ([XWiki markup])
339+ - `zimwiki` ([ZimWiki markup])
291− lua writer (see [Custom writers], below). Note that `odt`,
340+ - the path of a custom Lua writer, see [Custom writers] below
292− `epub`, and `epub3` output will not be directed to *stdout*;
343+ Note that `odt`, `docx`, `epub`, and `pdf` output will not be directed
293− an output filename must be specified using the `-o/--output`
344+ to *stdout* unless forced with `-o -`.
294− option. If `+lhs` is appended to `markdown`, `rst`, `latex`,
345+
295− `beamer`, `html`, or `html5`, the output will be rendered as
296− literate Haskell source: see [Literate Haskell support],
297− below. Markdown syntax extensions can be individually
346+ Extensions can be individually enabled or
298− enabled or disabled by appending `+EXTENSION` or
347+ disabled by appending `+EXTENSION` or `-EXTENSION` to the format
299− `-EXTENSION` to the format name, as described above under `-f`.
348+ name. See [Extensions] below, for a list of extensions and their
349+ names. See `--list-output-formats` and `--list-extensions`, below.
301`-o` *FILE*, `--output=`*FILE*
351`-o` *FILE*, `--output=`*FILE*
303: Write output to *FILE* instead of *stdout*. If *FILE* is
353: Write output to *FILE* instead of *stdout*. If *FILE* is
304− `-`, output will go to *stdout*. (Exception: if the output
354+ `-`, output will go to *stdout*, even if a non-textual format
305− format is `odt`, `docx`, `epub`, or `epub3`, output to stdout is disabled.)
355+ (`docx`, `odt`, `epub2`, `epub3`) is specified.
307`--data-dir=`*DIRECTORY*
357`--data-dir=`*DIRECTORY*
309: Specify the user data directory to search for pandoc data files.
359: Specify the user data directory to search for pandoc data files.
310 If this option is not specified, the default user data directory
360 If this option is not specified, the default user data directory
311− will be used. This is, in Unix:
361+ will be used. On \*nix and macOS systems this will be the `pandoc`
312−
362+ subdirectory of the XDG data directory (by default,
313− $HOME/.pandoc
363+ `$HOME/.local/share`, overridable by setting the `XDG_DATA_HOME`
314−
364+ environment variable). If that directory does not exist and
315− in Windows XP:
365+ `$HOME/.pandoc` exists, it will be used (for backwards compatibility).
316−
366+ On Windows the default user data directory is
317− C:\Documents And Settings\USERNAME\Application Data\pandoc
319− and in Windows Vista or later:
321− C:\Users\USERNAME\AppData\Roaming\pandoc
367+ `C:\Users\USERNAME\AppData\Roaming\pandoc`.
323 You can find the default user data directory on your system by
368 You can find the default user data directory on your system by
324 looking at the output of `pandoc --version`.
369 looking at the output of `pandoc --version`.
370+ Data files placed in this directory (for example, `reference.odt`,
325− A `reference.odt`, `reference.docx`, `epub.css`, `templates`,
371+ `reference.docx`, `epub.css`, `templates`) will override
326− `slidy`, `slideous`, or `s5` directory
327− placed in this directory will override pandoc's normal defaults.
372+ pandoc's normal defaults.
374+`-d` *FILE*, `--defaults=`*FILE*
376+: Specify a set of default option settings. *FILE* is a YAML
377+ file whose fields correspond to command-line option
378+ settings. All options for document conversion, including input
379+ and output files, can be set using a defaults file. The file will
380+ be searched for first in the working directory, and then in
381+ the `defaults` subdirectory of the user data directory
382+ (see `--data-dir`). The `.yaml` extension may be omitted.
383+ See the section [Default files] for more information on the
384+ file format. Settings from the defaults file may be
385+ overridden or extended by subsequent options on the command
329`--bash-completion`
388`--bash-completion`
331: Generate a bash completion script. To enable bash completion
390: Generate a bash completion script. To enable bash completion
332 with pandoc, add this to your `.bashrc`:
391 with pandoc, add this to your `.bashrc`:
334− eval "$(pandoc --bash-completion)"
393+ eval "$(pandoc --bash-completion)"
336`--verbose`
395`--verbose`
338−: Give verbose debugging output. Currently this only has an effect
397+: Give verbose debugging output.
341−`-v`, `--version`
399+`--quiet`
343−: Print version.
401+: Suppress warning messages.
345−`-h`, `--help`
403+`--fail-if-warnings`
347−: Show usage message.
405+: Exit with error status if there are any warnings.
409+: Write log messages in machine-readable JSON format to
410+ *FILE*. All messages above DEBUG level will be written,
411+ regardless of verbosity settings (`--verbose`, `--quiet`).
413+`--list-input-formats`
415+: List supported input formats, one per line.
349−Reader options
417+`--list-output-formats`
352−`-R`, `--parse-raw`
419+: List supported output formats, one per line.
354−: Parse untranslatable HTML codes and LaTeX environments as raw HTML
421+`--list-extensions`[`=`*FORMAT*]
355− or LaTeX, instead of ignoring them. Affects only HTML and LaTeX
356− input. Raw HTML can be printed in Markdown, reStructuredText, Emacs Org
357− mode, HTML, Slidy, Slideous, DZSlides, reveal.js, and S5 output; raw LaTeX
358− can be printed in Markdown, reStructuredText, Emacs Org mode, LaTeX, and
359− ConTeXt output. The default is for the readers to omit untranslatable
360− HTML codes and LaTeX environments. (The LaTeX reader does pass through
361− untranslatable LaTeX *commands*, even if `-R` is not specified.)
363−`-S`, `--smart`
423+: List supported extensions for *FORMAT*, one per line, preceded
424+ by a `+` or `-` indicating whether it is enabled by default
425+ in *FORMAT*. If *FORMAT* is not specified, defaults for
426+ pandoc's Markdown are given.
365−: Produce typographically correct output, converting straight quotes
428+`--list-highlight-languages`
366− to curly quotes, `---` to em-dashes, `--` to en-dashes, and
367− `...` to ellipses. Nonbreaking spaces are inserted after certain
368− abbreviations, such as "Mr." (Note: This option is selected automatically
369− when the output format is `latex` or `context`, unless `--no-tex-ligatures`
370− is used. It has no effect for `latex` input.)
372−`--old-dashes`
430+: List supported languages for syntax highlighting, one per
374−: Selects the pandoc <= 1.8.2.1 behavior for parsing smart dashes: `-` before
433+`--list-highlight-styles`
375− a numeral is an en-dash, and `--` is an em-dash. This option is selected
434+
376− automatically for `textile` input.
435+: List supported styles for syntax highlighting, one per line.
436+ See `--highlight-style`.
444+: Show usage message.
446+[Markdown]: https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/
447+[CommonMark]: https://commonmark.org
448+[PHP Markdown Extra]: https://michelf.ca/projects/php-markdown/extra/
449+[GitHub-Flavored Markdown]: https://help.github.com/articles/github-flavored-markdown/
450+[MultiMarkdown]: https://fletcherpenney.net/multimarkdown/
451+[reStructuredText]: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/docs/ref/rst/introduction.html
452+[S5]: https://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/s5/
453+[Slidy]: https://www.w3.org/Talks/Tools/Slidy2/
454+[Slideous]: https://goessner.net/articles/slideous/
455+[HTML]: https://www.w3.org/html/
456+[HTML5]: https://html.spec.whatwg.org/
457+[polyglot markup]: https://www.w3.org/TR/html-polyglot/
458+[XHTML]: https://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/
459+[LaTeX]: https://www.latex-project.org/
460+[`beamer`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/beamer
461+[Beamer User's Guide]: http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/beamer/doc/beameruserguide.pdf
462+[ConTeXt]: https://www.contextgarden.net/
463+[Rich Text Format]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rich_Text_Format
464+[DocBook]: https://docbook.org
465+[JATS]: https://jats.nlm.nih.gov
466+[Jira]: https://jira.atlassian.com/secure/WikiRendererHelpAction.jspa?section=all
467+[txt2tags]: https://txt2tags.org
468+[EPUB]: http://idpf.org/epub
469+[OPML]: http://dev.opml.org/spec2.html
470+[OpenDocument]: http://opendocument.xml.org
471+[ODT]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDocument
472+[Textile]: https://www.promptworks.com/textile
473+[MediaWiki markup]: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Formatting
474+[DokuWiki markup]: https://www.dokuwiki.org/dokuwiki
475+[ZimWiki markup]: https://zim-wiki.org/manual/Help/Wiki_Syntax.html
476+[XWiki markup]: https://www.xwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Documentation/UserGuide/Features/XWikiSyntax/
477+[TWiki markup]: https://twiki.org/cgi-bin/view/TWiki/TextFormattingRules
478+[TikiWiki markup]: https://doc.tiki.org/Wiki-Syntax-Text#The_Markup_Language_Wiki-Syntax
479+[Haddock markup]: https://www.haskell.org/haddock/doc/html/ch03s08.html
480+[Creole 1.0]: http://www.wikicreole.org/wiki/Creole1.0
481+[CSV]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4180
482+[roff man]: https://man.cx/groff_man(7)
483+[roff ms]: https://man.cx/groff_ms(7)
484+[Haskell]: https://www.haskell.org
485+[GNU Texinfo]: https://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/
486+[Emacs Org mode]: https://orgmode.org
487+[AsciiDoc]: https://www.methods.co.nz/asciidoc/
488+[AsciiDoctor]: https://asciidoctor.org/
489+[DZSlides]: https://paulrouget.com/dzslides/
490+[Word docx]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_Open_XML
491+[PDF]: https://www.adobe.com/pdf/
492+[reveal.js]: https://revealjs.com/
493+[FictionBook2]: http://www.fictionbook.org/index.php/Eng:XML_Schema_Fictionbook_2.1
494+[Jupyter notebook]: https://nbformat.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
495+[InDesign ICML]: https://wwwimages.adobe.com/www.adobe.com/content/dam/acom/en/devnet/indesign/sdk/cs6/idml/idml-cookbook.pdf
496+[TEI Simple]: https://github.com/TEIC/TEI-Simple
497+[Muse]: https://amusewiki.org/library/manual
498+[PowerPoint]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPoint
499+[Vimwiki]: https://vimwiki.github.io
500+[CSL JSON]: https://citeproc-js.readthedocs.io/en/latest/csl-json/markup.html
501+[BibTeX]: https://ctan.org/pkg/bibtex
502+[BibLaTeX]: https://ctan.org/pkg/biblatex
504+## Reader options {.options}
506+`--shift-heading-level-by=`*NUMBER*
508+: Shift heading levels by a positive or negative integer.
509+ For example, with `--shift-heading-level-by=-1`, level 2
510+ headings become level 1 headings, and level 3 headings
511+ become level 2 headings. Headings cannot have a level
512+ less than 1, so a heading that would be shifted below level 1
513+ becomes a regular paragraph. Exception: with a shift of -N,
514+ a level-N heading at the beginning of the document
515+ replaces the metadata title. `--shift-heading-level-by=-1`
516+ is a good choice when converting HTML or Markdown documents that
517+ use an initial level-1 heading for the document title and
518+ level-2+ headings for sections. `--shift-heading-level-by=1`
519+ may be a good choice for converting Markdown documents that
520+ use level-1 headings for sections to HTML, since pandoc uses
521+ a level-1 heading to render the document title.
378`--base-header-level=`*NUMBER*
523`--base-header-level=`*NUMBER*
525+: *Deprecated. Use `--shift-heading-level-by`=X instead,
380−: Specify the base level for headers (defaults to 1).
526+ where X = NUMBER - 1.* Specify the base level for headings
529+`--strip-empty-paragraphs`
531+: *Deprecated. Use the `+empty_paragraphs` extension instead.*
532+ Ignore paragraphs with no content. This option is useful
533+ for converting word processing documents where users have
534+ used empty paragraphs to create inter-paragraph space.
382`--indented-code-classes=`*CLASSES*
536`--indented-code-classes=`*CLASSES*
@@ -400,7 +554,7 @@ Reader options
400 footnotes and links will not work across files. Reading binary
554 footnotes and links will not work across files. Reading binary
401 files (docx, odt, epub) implies `--file-scope`.
555 files (docx, odt, epub) implies `--file-scope`.
403−`--filter=`*EXECUTABLE*
557+`-F` *PROGRAM*, `--filter=`*PROGRAM*
405: Specify an executable to be used as a filter transforming the
559: Specify an executable to be used as a filter transforming the
406 pandoc AST after the input is parsed and before the output is
560 pandoc AST after the input is parsed and before the output is
@@ -422,13 +576,7 @@ Reader options
422 Those who would prefer to write filters in python can use the
576 Those who would prefer to write filters in python can use the
423 module [`pandocfilters`], installable from PyPI. There are also
577 module [`pandocfilters`], installable from PyPI. There are also
424 pandoc filter libraries in [PHP], [perl], and
578 pandoc filter libraries in [PHP], [perl], and
425− [javascript/node.js].
579+ [JavaScript/node.js].
427− If no directory is provided pandoc will look for executable or
428− non-executable filters in the director `$DATADIR/filters`, and
429− then for executable filters in the user's `PATH`. If you want to
430− run a script in the working directory, preface the filename with
433 In order of preference, pandoc will look for filters in
581 In order of preference, pandoc will look for filters in
@@ -436,30 +584,70 @@ Reader options
436 non-executable)
584 non-executable)
438 2. `$DATADIR/filters` (executable or non-executable)
586 2. `$DATADIR/filters` (executable or non-executable)
587+ where `$DATADIR` is the user data directory (see
588+ `--data-dir`, above).
440 3. `$PATH` (executable only)
590 3. `$PATH` (executable only)
592+ Filters, Lua-filters, and citeproc processing are applied in
593+ the order specified on the command line.
595+`-L` *SCRIPT*, `--lua-filter=`*SCRIPT*
597+: Transform the document in a similar fashion as JSON filters (see
598+ `--filter`), but use pandoc's built-in Lua filtering system. The given
599+ Lua script is expected to return a list of Lua filters which will be
600+ applied in order. Each Lua filter must contain element-transforming
601+ functions indexed by the name of the AST element on which the filter
602+ function should be applied.
604+ The `pandoc` Lua module provides helper functions for element
605+ creation. It is always loaded into the script's Lua environment.
607+ See the [Lua filters documentation] for further details.
609+ In order of preference, pandoc will look for Lua filters in
611+ 1. a specified full or relative path
613+ 2. `$DATADIR/filters` where `$DATADIR` is the user data
614+ directory (see `--data-dir`, above).
616+ Filters, Lua filters, and citeproc processing are applied in
617+ the order specified on the command line.
442`-M` *KEY*[`=`*VAL*], `--metadata=`*KEY*[`:`*VAL*]
619`-M` *KEY*[`=`*VAL*], `--metadata=`*KEY*[`:`*VAL*]
444: Set the metadata field *KEY* to the value *VAL*. A value specified
621: Set the metadata field *KEY* to the value *VAL*. A value specified
445− on the command line overrides a value specified in the document.
622+ on the command line overrides a value specified in the document
623+ using [YAML metadata blocks][Extension: `yaml_metadata_block`].
446 Values will be parsed as YAML boolean or string values. If no value is
624 Values will be parsed as YAML boolean or string values. If no value is
447 specified, the value will be treated as Boolean true. Like
625 specified, the value will be treated as Boolean true. Like
448 `--variable`, `--metadata` causes template variables to be set.
626 `--variable`, `--metadata` causes template variables to be set.
449 But unlike `--variable`, `--metadata` affects the metadata of the
627 But unlike `--variable`, `--metadata` affects the metadata of the
450 underlying document (which is accessible from filters and may be
628 underlying document (which is accessible from filters and may be
451− printed in some output formats).
629+ printed in some output formats) and metadata values will be escaped
452−
630+ when inserted into the template.
454−
632+`--metadata-file=`*FILE*
455−: Normalize the document after reading: merge adjacent
633+
456− `Str` or `Emph` elements, for example, and remove repeated `Space`s.
634+: Read metadata from the supplied YAML (or JSON) file. This
635+ option can be used with every input format, but string scalars
636+ in the YAML file will always be parsed as Markdown. Generally,
637+ the input will be handled the same as in [YAML metadata
638+ blocks][Extension: `yaml_metadata_block`]. This option can be
639+ used repeatedly to include multiple metadata files; values in
640+ files specified later on the command line will be preferred
641+ over those specified in earlier files. Metadata values
642+ specified inside the document, or by using `-M`, overwrite
643+ values specified with this option.
458`-p`, `--preserve-tabs`
645`-p`, `--preserve-tabs`
460−: Preserve tabs instead of converting them to spaces (the default).
647+: Preserve tabs instead of converting them to spaces. (By default, pandoc
648+ converts tabs to spaces before parsing its input.) Note that this will
461− Note that this will only affect tabs in literal code spans and code
649+ only affect tabs in literal code spans and code blocks. Tabs in regular
462− blocks; tabs in regular text will be treated as spaces.
650+ text are always treated as spaces.
464`--tab-stop=`*NUMBER*
652`--tab-stop=`*NUMBER*
@@ -469,42 +657,64 @@ Reader options
470: Specifies what to do with insertions, deletions, and comments
658: Specifies what to do with insertions, deletions, and comments
471 produced by the MS Word "Track Changes" feature. `accept` (the
659 produced by the MS Word "Track Changes" feature. `accept` (the
472− default), inserts all insertions, and ignores all
660+ default) processes all the insertions and deletions.
473− deletions. `reject` inserts all deletions and ignores
474− insertions. Both `accept` and `reject` ignore comments. `all` puts
661+ `reject` ignores them. Both `accept` and `reject` ignore comments.
475− in insertions, deletions, and comments, wrapped in spans with
662+ `all` includes all insertions, deletions, and comments, wrapped
476− `insertion`, `deletion`, `comment-start`, and `comment-end`
663+ in spans with `insertion`, `deletion`, `comment-start`, and
477− classes, respectively. The author and time of change is
664+ `comment-end` classes, respectively. The author and time of
478− included. `all` is useful for scripting: only accepting changes
665+ change is included. `all` is useful for scripting: only
479− from a certain reviewer, say, or before a certain date. This
666+ accepting changes from a certain reviewer, say, or before a
667+ certain date. If a paragraph is inserted or deleted,
668+ `track-changes=all` produces a span with the class
669+ `paragraph-insertion`/`paragraph-deletion` before the
480− option only affects the docx reader.
670+ affected paragraph break. This option only affects the docx
482`--extract-media=`*DIR*
673`--extract-media=`*DIR*
484−: Extract images and other media contained in a docx or epub container
675+: Extract images and other media contained in or linked from
676+ the source document to the path *DIR*, creating it if
485− to the path *DIR*, creating it if necessary, and adjust the images
677+ necessary, and adjust the images references in the document
486− references in the document so they point to the extracted files.
678+ so they point to the extracted files. Media are downloaded,
487− This option only affects the docx and epub readers.
679+ read from the file system, or extracted from a binary
680+ container (e.g. docx), as needed. The original file paths
681+ are used if they are relative paths not containing `..`.
682+ Otherwise filenames are constructed from the SHA1 hash of
685+`--abbreviations=`*FILE*
687+: Specifies a custom abbreviations file, with abbreviations
688+ one to a line. If this option is not specified, pandoc will
689+ read the data file `abbreviations` from the user data
690+ directory or fall back on a system default. To see the
692+ `pandoc --print-default-data-file=abbreviations`. The only
693+ use pandoc makes of this list is in the Markdown reader.
694+ Strings found in this list will be followed by a nonbreaking
695+ space, and the period will not produce sentence-ending space
696+ in formats like LaTeX. The strings may not contain spaces.
489[`pandocfilters`]: https://github.com/jgm/pandocfilters
698[`pandocfilters`]: https://github.com/jgm/pandocfilters
490[PHP]: https://github.com/vinai/pandocfilters-php
699[PHP]: https://github.com/vinai/pandocfilters-php
491[perl]: https://metacpan.org/pod/Pandoc::Filter
700[perl]: https://metacpan.org/pod/Pandoc::Filter
492−[javascript/node.js]: https://github.com/mvhenderson/pandoc-filter-node
701+[JavaScript/node.js]: https://github.com/mvhenderson/pandoc-filter-node
702+[Lua filters documentation]: https://pandoc.org/lua-filters.html
494−General writer options
704+## General writer options {.options}
495−----------------------
497`-s`, `--standalone`
706`-s`, `--standalone`
499: Produce output with an appropriate header and footer (e.g. a
708: Produce output with an appropriate header and footer (e.g. a
500 standalone HTML, LaTeX, TEI, or RTF file, not a fragment). This option
709 standalone HTML, LaTeX, TEI, or RTF file, not a fragment). This option
501 is set automatically for `pdf`, `epub`, `epub3`, `fb2`, `docx`, and `odt`
710 is set automatically for `pdf`, `epub`, `epub3`, `fb2`, `docx`, and `odt`
502− output.
711+ output. For `native` output, this option causes metadata to
712+ be included; otherwise, metadata is suppressed.
504−`--template=`*FILE*
714+`--template=`*FILE*|*URL*
506−: Use *FILE* as a custom template for the generated document. Implies
716+: Use the specified file as a custom template for the generated document.
507− `--standalone`. See [Templates], below, for a description
717+ Implies `--standalone`. See [Templates], below, for a description
508 of template syntax. If no extension is specified, an extension
718 of template syntax. If no extension is specified, an extension
509 corresponding to the writer will be added, so that `--template=special`
719 corresponding to the writer will be added, so that `--template=special`
510 looks for `special.html` for HTML output. If the template is not
720 looks for `special.html` for HTML output. If the template is not
@@ -516,42 +726,59 @@ General writer options
516`-V` *KEY*[`=`*VAL*], `--variable=`*KEY*[`:`*VAL*]
726`-V` *KEY*[`=`*VAL*], `--variable=`*KEY*[`:`*VAL*]
518: Set the template variable *KEY* to the value *VAL* when rendering the
728: Set the template variable *KEY* to the value *VAL* when rendering the
519− document in standalone mode. This is generally only useful when the
729+ document in standalone mode. If no *VAL* is specified, the
520− `--template` option is used to specify a custom template, since
521− pandoc automatically sets the variables used in the default
522− templates. If no *VAL* is specified, the key will be given the
523− value `true`.
730+ key will be given the value `true`.
525`-D` *FORMAT*, `--print-default-template=`*FORMAT*
732`-D` *FORMAT*, `--print-default-template=`*FORMAT*
527: Print the system default template for an output *FORMAT*. (See `-t`
734: Print the system default template for an output *FORMAT*. (See `-t`
528 for a list of possible *FORMAT*s.) Templates in the user data
735 for a list of possible *FORMAT*s.) Templates in the user data
529− directory are ignored.
736+ directory are ignored. This option may be used with
737+ `-o`/`--output` to redirect output to a file, but
738+ `-o`/`--output` must come before `--print-default-template`
739+ on the command line.
741+ Note that some of the default templates use partials, for
742+ example `styles.html`. To print the partials, use
743+ `--print-default-data-file`: for example,
744+ `--print-default-data-file=templates/styles.html`.
531`--print-default-data-file=`*FILE*
746`--print-default-data-file=`*FILE*
533: Print a system default data file. Files in the user data directory
748: Print a system default data file. Files in the user data directory
534− are ignored.
749+ are ignored. This option may be used with `-o`/`--output` to
750+ redirect output to a file, but `-o`/`--output` must come before
751+ `--print-default-data-file` on the command line.
753+`--eol=crlf`|`lf`|`native`
755+: Manually specify line endings: `crlf` (Windows), `lf`
756+ (macOS/Linux/UNIX), or `native` (line endings appropriate
757+ to the OS on which pandoc is being run). The default is
536`--dpi`=*NUMBER*
760`--dpi`=*NUMBER*
537−: Specify the dpi (dots per inch) value for conversion from pixels
538− to inch/centimeters and vice versa. The default is 96dpi.
539− Technically, the correct term would be ppi (pixels per inch).
762+: Specify the default dpi (dots per inch) value for conversion
763+ from pixels to inch/centimeters and vice versa. (Technically,
764+ the correct term would be ppi: pixels per inch.) The default
765+ is 96dpi. When images contain information about dpi
766+ internally, the encoded value is used instead of the default
767+ specified by this option.
541−`--wrap=[auto|none|preserve]`
769+`--wrap=auto`|`none`|`preserve`
543: Determine how text is wrapped in the output (the source
771: Determine how text is wrapped in the output (the source
544 code, not the rendered version). With `auto` (the default),
772 code, not the rendered version). With `auto` (the default),
545 pandoc will attempt to wrap lines to the column width specified by
773 pandoc will attempt to wrap lines to the column width specified by
546− `--columns` (default 80). With `none`, pandoc will not wrap
774+ `--columns` (default 72). With `none`, pandoc will not wrap
547 lines at all. With `preserve`, pandoc will attempt to
775 lines at all. With `preserve`, pandoc will attempt to
548 preserve the wrapping from the source document (that is,
776 preserve the wrapping from the source document (that is,
549 where there are nonsemantic newlines in the source, there
777 where there are nonsemantic newlines in the source, there
550 will be nonsemantic newlines in the output as well).
778 will be nonsemantic newlines in the output as well).
551−
779+ Automatic wrapping does not currently work in HTML output.
552−`--no-wrap`
780+ In `ipynb` output, this option affects wrapping of the
553−
781+ contents of markdown cells.
554−: Deprecated synonym for `--wrap=none`.
556`--columns=`*NUMBER*
783`--columns=`*NUMBER*
@@ -562,37 +789,81 @@ General writer options
562`--toc`, `--table-of-contents`
789`--toc`, `--table-of-contents`
564: Include an automatically generated table of contents (or, in
791: Include an automatically generated table of contents (or, in
565− the case of `latex`, `context`, `docx`, and `rst`, an instruction to create
792+ the case of `latex`, `context`, `docx`, `odt`,
793+ `opendocument`, `rst`, or `ms`, an instruction to create
566− one) in the output document. This option has no effect on `man`,
794+ one) in the output document. This option has no effect
567− `docbook`, `docbook5`, `slidy`, `slideous`, `s5`, or `odt` output.
795+ unless `-s/--standalone` is used, and it has no effect
796+ on `man`, `docbook4`, `docbook5`, or `jats` output.
798+ Note that if you are producing a PDF via `ms`, the table
799+ of contents will appear at the beginning of the
800+ document, before the title. If you would prefer it to
801+ be at the end of the document, use the option
802+ `--pdf-engine-opt=--no-toc-relocation`.
569`--toc-depth=`*NUMBER*
804`--toc-depth=`*NUMBER*
571: Specify the number of section levels to include in the table
806: Specify the number of section levels to include in the table
572− of contents. The default is 3 (which means that level 1, 2, and 3
807+ of contents. The default is 3 (which means that level-1, 2, and 3
573− headers will be listed in the contents).
808+ headings will be listed in the contents).
812+: Strip out HTML comments in the Markdown or Textile source,
813+ rather than passing them on to Markdown, Textile or HTML
814+ output as raw HTML. This does not apply to HTML comments
815+ inside raw HTML blocks when the `markdown_in_html_blocks`
816+ extension is not set.
575`--no-highlight`
818`--no-highlight`
577: Disables syntax highlighting for code blocks and inlines, even when
820: Disables syntax highlighting for code blocks and inlines, even when
578 a language attribute is given.
821 a language attribute is given.
580−`--highlight-style=`*STYLE*
823+`--highlight-style=`*STYLE*|*FILE*
582: Specifies the coloring style to be used in highlighted source code.
825: Specifies the coloring style to be used in highlighted source code.
583 Options are `pygments` (the default), `kate`, `monochrome`,
826 Options are `pygments` (the default), `kate`, `monochrome`,
584− `espresso`, `zenburn`, `haddock`, and `tango`. For more information
827+ `breezeDark`, `espresso`, `zenburn`, `haddock`, and `tango`.
585− on syntax highlighting in pandoc, see [Syntax highlighting], below.
828+ For more information on syntax highlighting in pandoc, see
829+ [Syntax highlighting], below. See also
830+ `--list-highlight-styles`.
832+ Instead of a *STYLE* name, a JSON file with extension
833+ `.theme` may be supplied. This will be parsed as a KDE
834+ syntax highlighting theme and (if valid) used as the
837+ To generate the JSON version of an existing style,
838+ use `--print-highlight-style`.
840+`--print-highlight-style=`*STYLE*|*FILE*
842+: Prints a JSON version of a highlighting style, which can
843+ be modified, saved with a `.theme` extension, and used
844+ with `--highlight-style`. This option may be used with
845+ `-o`/`--output` to redirect output to a file, but
846+ `-o`/`--output` must come before `--print-highlight-style`
847+ on the command line.
849+`--syntax-definition=`*FILE*
851+: Instructs pandoc to load a KDE XML syntax definition file,
852+ which will be used for syntax highlighting of appropriately
853+ marked code blocks. This can be used to add support for
854+ new languages or to use altered syntax definitions for
855+ existing languages. This option may be repeated to add
856+ multiple syntax definitions.
587−`-H` *FILE*, `--include-in-header=`*FILE*
858+`-H` *FILE*, `--include-in-header=`*FILE*|*URL*
589: Include contents of *FILE*, verbatim, at the end of the header.
860: Include contents of *FILE*, verbatim, at the end of the header.
590 This can be used, for example, to include special
861 This can be used, for example, to include special
591− CSS or javascript in HTML documents. This option can be used
862+ CSS or JavaScript in HTML documents. This option can be used
592 repeatedly to include multiple files in the header. They will be
863 repeatedly to include multiple files in the header. They will be
593 included in the order specified. Implies `--standalone`.
864 included in the order specified. Implies `--standalone`.
595−`-B` *FILE*, `--include-before-body=`*FILE*
866+`-B` *FILE*, `--include-before-body=`*FILE*|*URL*
597: Include contents of *FILE*, verbatim, at the beginning of the
868: Include contents of *FILE*, verbatim, at the beginning of the
598 document body (e.g. after the `<body>` tag in HTML, or the
869 document body (e.g. after the `<body>` tag in HTML, or the
@@ -601,7 +872,7 @@ General writer options
601 used repeatedly to include multiple files. They will be included in
872 used repeatedly to include multiple files. They will be included in
602 the order specified. Implies `--standalone`.
873 the order specified. Implies `--standalone`.
604−`-A` *FILE*, `--include-after-body=`*FILE*
875+`-A` *FILE*, `--include-after-body=`*FILE*|*URL*
606: Include contents of *FILE*, verbatim, at the end of the document
877: Include contents of *FILE*, verbatim, at the end of the document
607 body (before the `</body>` tag in HTML, or the
878 body (before the `</body>` tag in HTML, or the
@@ -609,59 +880,121 @@ General writer options
609 repeatedly to include multiple files. They will be included in the
880 repeatedly to include multiple files. They will be included in the
610 order specified. Implies `--standalone`.
881 order specified. Implies `--standalone`.
883+`--resource-path=`*SEARCHPATH*
885+: List of paths to search for images and other resources.
886+ The paths should be separated by `:` on Linux, UNIX, and
887+ macOS systems, and by `;` on Windows. If `--resource-path`
888+ is not specified, the default resource path is the working
889+ directory. Note that, if `--resource-path` is specified,
890+ the working directory must be explicitly listed or it
891+ will not be searched. For example:
892+ `--resource-path=.:test` will search the working directory
893+ and the `test` subdirectory, in that order.
894+ This option can be used repeatedly. Search path components
895+ that come later on the command line will be searched before
896+ those that come earlier, so
897+ `--resource-path foo:bar --resource-path baz:bim` is
898+ equivalent to `--resource-path baz:bim:foo:bar`.
900+`--request-header=`*NAME*`:`*VAL*
902+: Set the request header *NAME* to the value *VAL* when making
903+ HTTP requests (for example, when a URL is given on the
904+ command line, or when resources used in a document must be
905+ downloaded). If you're behind a proxy, you also need to set
906+ the environment variable `http_proxy` to `http://...`.
908+`--no-check-certificate`
910+: Disable the certificate verification to allow access to
911+ unsecure HTTP resources (for example when the certificate
912+ is no longer valid or self signed).
612−Options affecting specific writers
914+## Options affecting specific writers {.options}
613−----------------------------------
615`--self-contained`
916`--self-contained`
617: Produce a standalone HTML file with no external dependencies, using
918: Produce a standalone HTML file with no external dependencies, using
618 `data:` URIs to incorporate the contents of linked scripts, stylesheets,
919 `data:` URIs to incorporate the contents of linked scripts, stylesheets,
619− images, and videos. The resulting file should be "self-contained,"
920+ images, and videos. Implies `--standalone`. The resulting file should be
620− in the sense that it needs no external files and no net access to be
921+ "self-contained," in the sense that it needs no external files and no net
621− displayed properly by a browser. This option works only with HTML output
922+ access to be displayed properly by a browser. This option works only with
622− formats, including `html`, `html5`, `html+lhs`, `html5+lhs`, `s5`,
923+ HTML output formats, including `html4`, `html5`, `html+lhs`, `html5+lhs`,
623− `slidy`, `slideous`, `dzslides`, and `revealjs`. Scripts, images, and
924+ `s5`, `slidy`, `slideous`, `dzslides`, and `revealjs`. Scripts, images,
624− stylesheets at absolute URLs will be downloaded; those at relative URLs
925+ and stylesheets at absolute URLs will be downloaded; those at relative
625− will be sought relative to the working directory (if the first source
926+ URLs will be sought relative to the working directory (if the first source
626 file is local) or relative to the base URL (if the first source
927 file is local) or relative to the base URL (if the first source
928+ file is remote). Elements with the attribute
929+ `data-external="1"` will be left alone; the documents they
930+ link to will not be incorporated in the document.
627− file is remote). Limitation: resources that are loaded dynamically
931+ Limitation: resources that are loaded dynamically through
628− through JavaScript cannot be incorporated; as a result, `--self-contained`
932+ JavaScript cannot be incorporated; as a result,
629− does not work with `--mathjax`, and some advanced features (e.g.
933+ `--self-contained` does not work with `--mathjax`, and some
630− zoom or speaker notes) may not work in an offline "self-contained"
934+ advanced features (e.g. zoom or speaker notes) may not work
631− `reveal.js` slide show.
935+ in an offline "self-contained" `reveal.js` slide show.
633`--html-q-tags`
937`--html-q-tags`
635−: Use `<q>` tags for quotes in HTML.
939+: Use `<q>` tags for quotes in HTML. (This option only has an
940+ effect if the `smart` extension is enabled for the input
639−: Use only ascii characters in output. Currently supported only
945+: Use only ASCII characters in output. Currently supported for XML
640− for HTML output (which uses numerical entities instead of
946+ and HTML formats (which use entities instead of UTF-8 when this
641− UTF-8 when this option is selected).
947+ option is selected), CommonMark, gfm, and Markdown (which use
948+ entities), roff ms (which use hexadecimal escapes), and to a
949+ limited degree LaTeX (which uses standard commands for accented
950+ characters when possible). roff man output uses ASCII by default.
643`--reference-links`
952`--reference-links`
645: Use reference-style links, rather than inline links, in writing Markdown
954: Use reference-style links, rather than inline links, in writing Markdown
646− or reStructuredText. By default inline links are used.
955+ or reStructuredText. By default inline links are used. The
956+ placement of link references is affected by the
957+ `--reference-location` option.
959+`--reference-location=block`|`section`|`document`
961+: Specify whether footnotes (and references, if `reference-links` is
962+ set) are placed at the end of the current (top-level) block, the
963+ current section, or the document. The default is
964+ `document`. Currently only affects the markdown writer.
966+`--markdown-headings=setext`|`atx`
968+: Specify whether to use ATX-style (`#`-prefixed) or
969+ Setext-style (underlined) headings for level 1 and 2
970+ headings in Markdown output. (The default is `atx`.)
971+ ATX-style headings are always used for levels 3+.
972+ This option also affects Markdown cells in `ipynb` output.
648`--atx-headers`
974`--atx-headers`
650−: Use ATX-style headers in Markdown and asciidoc output. The default is
976+: *Deprecated synonym for `--markdown-headings=atx`.*
651− to use setext-style headers for levels 1-2, and then ATX headers.
653−`--chapters`
978+`--top-level-division=default`|`section`|`chapter`|`part`
655−: Treat top-level headers as chapters in LaTeX, ConTeXt, and DocBook
980+: Treat top-level headings as the given division type in
656− output. When the LaTeX document class is set to `report`, `book`,
981+ LaTeX, ConTeXt, DocBook, and TEI output. The hierarchy
982+ order is part, chapter, then section; all headings are
983+ shifted such that the top-level heading becomes the
984+ specified type. The default behavior is to determine the
985+ best division type via heuristics: unless other conditions
986+ apply, `section` is chosen. When the `documentclass`
987+ variable is set to `report`, `book`, or `memoir` (unless the
657− or `memoir` (unless the `article` option is specified), this
988+ `article` option is specified), `chapter` is implied as the
658− option is implied. If `beamer` is the output format, top-level
989+ setting for this option. If `beamer` is the output format,
659− headers will become `\part{..}`.
990+ specifying either `chapter` or `part` will cause top-level
991+ headings to become `\part{..}`, while second-level headings
992+ remain as their default type.
661`-N`, `--number-sections`
994`-N`, `--number-sections`
663−: Number section headings in LaTeX, ConTeXt, HTML, or EPUB output.
996+: Number section headings in LaTeX, ConTeXt, HTML, Docx, ms, or EPUB
664− By default, sections are not numbered. Sections with class
997+ output. By default, sections are not numbered. Sections with class
665 `unnumbered` will never be numbered, even if `--number-sections`
998 `unnumbered` will never be numbered, even if `--number-sections`
666 is specified.
999 is specified.
@@ -669,32 +1002,19 @@ Options affecting specific writers
670: Offset for section headings in HTML output (ignored in other
1003: Offset for section headings in HTML output (ignored in other
671 output formats). The first number is added to the section number for
1004 output formats). The first number is added to the section number for
672− top-level headers, the second for second-level headers, and so on.
1005+ top-level headings, the second for second-level headings, and so on.
673− So, for example, if you want the first top-level header in your
1006+ So, for example, if you want the first top-level heading in your
674 document to be numbered "6", specify `--number-offset=5`.
1007 document to be numbered "6", specify `--number-offset=5`.
675− If your document starts with a level-2 header which you want to
1008+ If your document starts with a level-2 heading which you want to
676 be numbered "1.5", specify `--number-offset=1,4`.
1009 be numbered "1.5", specify `--number-offset=1,4`.
677 Offsets are 0 by default. Implies `--number-sections`.
1010 Offsets are 0 by default. Implies `--number-sections`.
681−: Do not use the TeX ligatures for quotation marks, apostrophes,
682− and dashes (`` `...' ``, ` ``..'' `, `--`, `---`) when
683− writing or reading LaTeX or ConTeXt. In reading LaTeX,
684− parse the characters `` ` ``, `'`, and `-` literally, rather
685− than parsing ligatures for quotation marks and dashes. In
686− writing LaTeX or ConTeXt, print unicode quotation mark and
687− dash characters literally, rather than converting them to
688− the standard ASCII TeX ligatures. Note: normally `--smart`
689− is selected automatically for LaTeX and ConTeXt output, but
690− it must be specified explicitly if `--no-tex-ligatures` is
691− selected. If you use literal curly quotes, dashes, and
692− ellipses in your source, then you may want to use
693− `--no-tex-ligatures` without `--smart`.
695`--listings`
1012`--listings`
697−: Use the [`listings`] package for LaTeX code blocks
1014+: Use the [`listings`] package for LaTeX code blocks. The package
1015+ does not support multi-byte encoding for source code. To handle UTF-8
1016+ you would need to use a custom template. This issue is fully
1017+ documented here: [Encoding issue with the listings package].
699`-i`, `--incremental`
1019`-i`, `--incremental`
@@ -703,85 +1023,165 @@ Options affecting specific writers
704`--slide-level=`*NUMBER*
1024`--slide-level=`*NUMBER*
706−: Specifies that headers with the specified level create
1026+: Specifies that headings with the specified level create
707− slides (for `beamer`, `s5`, `slidy`, `slideous`, `dzslides`). Headers
1027+ slides (for `beamer`, `s5`, `slidy`, `slideous`, `dzslides`). Headings
708 above this level in the hierarchy are used to divide the
1028 above this level in the hierarchy are used to divide the
709− slide show into sections; headers below this level create
1029+ slide show into sections; headings below this level create
1030+ subheads within a slide. Note that content that is
1031+ not contained under slide-level headings will not appear in
710− subheads within a slide. The default is to set the slide level
1032+ the slide show. The default is to set the slide level based
711− based on the contents of the document; see
1033+ on the contents of the document; see [Structuring the slide
712− [Structuring the slide show].
1034+ show].
714`--section-divs`
1036`--section-divs`
716−: Wrap sections in `<div>` tags (or `<section>` tags in HTML5),
1038+: Wrap sections in `<section>` tags (or `<div>` tags for `html4`),
717− and attach identifiers to the enclosing `<div>` (or `<section>`)
1039+ and attach identifiers to the enclosing `<section>` (or `<div>`)
718− rather than the header itself. See
1040+ rather than the heading itself. See
719− [Header identifiers], below.
1041+ [Heading identifiers], below.
721`--email-obfuscation=none`|`javascript`|`references`
1043`--email-obfuscation=none`|`javascript`|`references`
723: Specify a method for obfuscating `mailto:` links in HTML documents.
1045: Specify a method for obfuscating `mailto:` links in HTML documents.
724 `none` leaves `mailto:` links as they are. `javascript` obfuscates
1046 `none` leaves `mailto:` links as they are. `javascript` obfuscates
725− them using javascript. `references` obfuscates them by printing their
1047+ them using JavaScript. `references` obfuscates them by printing their
726 letters as decimal or hexadecimal character references. The default
1048 letters as decimal or hexadecimal character references. The default
727 is `none`.
1049 is `none`.
729`--id-prefix=`*STRING*
1051`--id-prefix=`*STRING*
731−: Specify a prefix to be added to all automatically generated identifiers
1053+: Specify a prefix to be added to all identifiers and internal links
732− in HTML and DocBook output, and to footnote numbers in Markdown output.
1054+ in HTML and DocBook output, and to footnote numbers in Markdown
733− This is useful for preventing duplicate identifiers when generating
1055+ and Haddock output. This is useful for preventing duplicate
734− fragments to be included in other pages.
1056+ identifiers when generating fragments to be included in other pages.
736`-T` *STRING*, `--title-prefix=`*STRING*
1058`-T` *STRING*, `--title-prefix=`*STRING*
738: Specify *STRING* as a prefix at the beginning of the title
1060: Specify *STRING* as a prefix at the beginning of the title
739 that appears in the HTML header (but not in the title as it
1061 that appears in the HTML header (but not in the title as it
740− appears at the beginning of the HTML body). Implies
1062+ appears at the beginning of the HTML body). Implies `--standalone`.
743`-c` *URL*, `--css=`*URL*
1064`-c` *URL*, `--css=`*URL*
745: Link to a CSS style sheet. This option can be used repeatedly to
1066: Link to a CSS style sheet. This option can be used repeatedly to
746 include multiple files. They will be included in the order specified.
1067 include multiple files. They will be included in the order specified.
748−`--reference-odt=`*FILE*
1069+ A stylesheet is required for generating EPUB. If none is
749−
1070+ provided using this option (or the `css` or `stylesheet`
750−: Use the specified file as a style reference in producing an ODT.
751− For best results, the reference ODT should be a modified version
752− of an ODT produced using pandoc. The contents of the reference ODT
753− are ignored, but its stylesheets are used in the new ODT. If no
754− reference ODT is specified on the command line, pandoc will look
755− for a file `reference.odt` in the user data directory (see
756− `--data-dir`). If this is not found either, sensible defaults will be
759−`--reference-docx=`*FILE*
761−: Use the specified file as a style reference in producing a docx file.
762− For best results, the reference docx should be a modified version
763− of a docx file produced using pandoc. The contents of the reference docx
764− are ignored, but its stylesheets and document properties (including
765− margins, page size, header, and footer) are used in the new docx. If no
766− reference docx is specified on the command line, pandoc will look
767− for a file `reference.docx` in the user data directory (see
768− `--data-dir`). If this is not found either, sensible defaults will be
769− used. The following styles are used by pandoc: [paragraph]
770− Normal, Body Text, First Paragraph, Compact, Title, Subtitle, Author, Date,
771− Abstract, Bibliography, Heading 1, Heading 2, Heading 3, Heading 4,
772− Heading 5, Heading 6, Block Text, Footnote Text, Definition Term,
773− Definition, Caption, Table Caption, Image Caption, Figure,
774− Figure With Caption, TOC Heading;
775− [character] Default Paragraph Font, Body Text Char, Verbatim Char,
776− Footnote Reference, Hyperlink; [table] Normal Table.
778−`--epub-stylesheet=`*FILE*
780−: Use the specified CSS file to style the EPUB. If no stylesheet
781− is specified, pandoc will look for a file `epub.css` in the
1071+ metadata fields), pandoc will look for a file `epub.css` in the
782 user data directory (see `--data-dir`). If it is not
1072 user data directory (see `--data-dir`). If it is not
783 found there, sensible defaults will be used.
1073 found there, sensible defaults will be used.
1075+`--reference-doc=`*FILE*
1077+: Use the specified file as a style reference in producing a
1082+ : For best results, the reference docx should be a modified
1083+ version of a docx file produced using pandoc. The contents
1084+ of the reference docx are ignored, but its stylesheets and
1085+ document properties (including margins, page size, header,
1086+ and footer) are used in the new docx. If no reference docx
1087+ is specified on the command line, pandoc will look for a
1088+ file `reference.docx` in the user data directory (see
1089+ `--data-dir`). If this is not found either, sensible
1090+ defaults will be used.
1092+ To produce a custom `reference.docx`, first get a copy of
1093+ the default `reference.docx`: `pandoc
1094+ -o custom-reference.docx --print-default-data-file reference.docx`.
1095+ Then open `custom-reference.docx` in Word, modify the
1096+ styles as you wish, and save the file. For best
1097+ results, do not make changes to this file other than
1098+ modifying the styles used by pandoc:
1134+ - Default Paragraph Font
1137+ - Footnote Reference
1147+ : For best results, the reference ODT should be a modified
1148+ version of an ODT produced using pandoc. The contents of
1149+ the reference ODT are ignored, but its stylesheets are used
1150+ in the new ODT. If no reference ODT is specified on the
1151+ command line, pandoc will look for a file `reference.odt` in
1152+ the user data directory (see `--data-dir`). If this is not
1153+ found either, sensible defaults will be used.
1155+ To produce a custom `reference.odt`, first get a copy of
1156+ the default `reference.odt`: `pandoc
1157+ -o custom-reference.odt --print-default-data-file reference.odt`.
1158+ Then open `custom-reference.odt` in LibreOffice, modify
1159+ the styles as you wish, and save the file.
1163+ : Templates included with Microsoft PowerPoint 2013 (either with
1164+ `.pptx` or `.potx` extension) are known to work, as are most
1165+ templates derived from these.
1167+ The specific requirement is that the template should begin with
1168+ the following first four layouts:
1171+ 2. Title and Content
1175+ All templates included with a recent version of MS PowerPoint
1176+ will fit these criteria. (You can click on `Layout` under the
1177+ `Home` menu to check.)
1179+ You can also modify the default `reference.pptx`: first run
1180+ `pandoc -o custom-reference.pptx --print-default-data-file
1181+ reference.pptx`, and then modify `custom-reference.pptx`
1182+ in MS PowerPoint (pandoc will use the first four layout
1183+ slides, as mentioned above).
785`--epub-cover-image=`*FILE*
1185`--epub-cover-image=`*FILE*
787: Use the specified image as the EPUB cover. It is recommended
1187: Use the specified image as the EPUB cover. It is recommended
@@ -818,7 +1218,7 @@ Options affecting specific writers
818 line, be sure to escape them or put the whole filename in single quotes,
1218 line, be sure to escape them or put the whole filename in single quotes,
819 to prevent them from being interpreted by the shell. To use the
1219 to prevent them from being interpreted by the shell. To use the
820 embedded fonts, you will need to add declarations like the following
1220 embedded fonts, you will need to add declarations like the following
821− to your CSS (see `--epub-stylesheet`):
1221+ to your CSS (see `--css`):
823 @font-face {
1223 @font-face {
824 font-family: DejaVuSans;
1224 font-family: DejaVuSans;
@@ -848,147 +1248,186 @@ Options affecting specific writers
849`--epub-chapter-level=`*NUMBER*
1249`--epub-chapter-level=`*NUMBER*
851−: Specify the header level at which to split the EPUB into separate
1251+: Specify the heading level at which to split the EPUB into separate
852− "chapter" files. The default is to split into chapters at level 1
1252+ "chapter" files. The default is to split into chapters at level-1
853− headers. This option only affects the internal composition of the
1253+ headings. This option only affects the internal composition of the
854 EPUB, not the way chapters and sections are displayed to users. Some
1254 EPUB, not the way chapters and sections are displayed to users. Some
855 readers may be slow if the chapter files are too large, so for large
1255 readers may be slow if the chapter files are too large, so for large
856− documents with few level 1 headers, one might want to use a chapter
1256+ documents with few level-1 headings, one might want to use a chapter
857 level of 2 or 3.
1257 level of 2 or 3.
859−`--latex-engine=pdflatex`|`lualatex`|`xelatex`
1259+`--epub-subdirectory=`*DIRNAME*
1261+: Specify the subdirectory in the OCF container that is to hold
1262+ the EPUB-specific contents. The default is `EPUB`. To put
1263+ the EPUB contents in the top level, use an empty string.
1265+`--ipynb-output=all|none|best`
1267+: Determines how ipynb output cells are treated. `all` means
1268+ that all of the data formats included in the original are
1269+ preserved. `none` means that the contents of data cells
1270+ are omitted. `best` causes pandoc to try to pick the
1271+ richest data block in each output cell that is compatible
1272+ with the output format. The default is `best`.
1274+`--pdf-engine=`*PROGRAM*
861−: Use the specified LaTeX engine when producing PDF output.
1276+: Use the specified engine when producing PDF output.
1277+ Valid values are `pdflatex`, `lualatex`, `xelatex`, `latexmk`,
1278+ `tectonic`, `wkhtmltopdf`, `weasyprint`, `prince`, `context`,
862− The default is `pdflatex`. If the engine is not in your PATH,
1279+ and `pdfroff`. If the engine is not in your PATH, the full
863− the full path of the engine may be specified here.
1280+ path of the engine may be specified here. If this option
864−
1281+ is not specified, pandoc uses the following defaults
1282+ depending on the output format specified using `-t/--to`:
1284+ - `-t latex` or none: `pdflatex` (other options: `xelatex`, `lualatex`,
1285+ `tectonic`, `latexmk`)
1286+ - `-t context`: `context`
1287+ - `-t html`: `wkhtmltopdf` (other options: `prince`, `weasyprint`;
1288+ see [print-css.rocks](https://print-css.rocks) for a good
1289+ introduction to PDF generation from HTML/CSS.)
1290+ - `-t ms`: `pdfroff`
865−`--latex-engine-opt=`*STRING*
1292+`--pdf-engine-opt=`*STRING*
867−: Use the given string as a command-line argument to the `latex-engine`.
1294+: Use the given string as a command-line argument to the `pdf-engine`.
868− If used multiple times, the arguments are provided with spaces between
1295+ For example, to use a persistent directory `foo` for `latexmk`'s
1296+ auxiliary files, use `--pdf-engine-opt=-outdir=foo`.
869− them. Note that no check for duplicate options is done.
1297+ Note that no check for duplicate options is done.
871−[Dublin Core elements]: http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/
1299+[Dublin Core elements]: https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dces/
872−[ISO 8601 format]: http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime
1300+[ISO 8601 format]: https://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime
873−
1301+[Encoding issue with the listings package]:
1302+ https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Source_Code_Listings#Encoding_issue
874−Citation rendering
1304+## Citation rendering {.options}
875−------------------
1305+
1308+: Process the citations in the file, replacing them with
1309+ rendered citations and adding a bibliography.
1310+ Citation processing will not take place unless bibliographic
1311+ data is supplied, either through an external file specified
1312+ using the `--bibliography` option or the `bibliography`
1313+ field in metadata, or via a `references` section in metadata
1314+ containing a list of citations in CSL YAML format with
1315+ Markdown formatting. The style is controlled by a [CSL]
1316+ stylesheet specified using the `--csl` option or the `csl`
1317+ field in metadata. (If no stylesheet is specified,
1318+ the `chicago-author-date` style will be used by default.)
1319+ The citation processing transformation may be applied before
1320+ or after filters or Lua filters (see `--filter`,
1321+ `--lua-filter`): these transformations are applied in the
1322+ order they appear on the command line. For more
1323+ information, see the section on [Citations].
877`--bibliography=`*FILE*
1325`--bibliography=`*FILE*
879: Set the `bibliography` field in the document's metadata to *FILE*,
1327: Set the `bibliography` field in the document's metadata to *FILE*,
880− overriding any value set in the metadata, and process citations
1328+ overriding any value set in the metadata. If you supply
881− using `pandoc-citeproc`. (This is equivalent to
882− `--metadata bibliography=FILE --filter pandoc-citeproc`.)
883− If `--natbib` or `--biblatex` is also supplied, `pandoc-citeproc` is not
884− used, making this equivalent to `--metadata bibliography=FILE`.
885− If you supply this argument multiple times, each *FILE* will be added
1329+ this argument multiple times, each *FILE* will be added to
886− to bibliography.
1330+ bibliography. If *FILE* is a URL, it will be fetched
1331+ via HTTP. If *FILE* is not found relative to the
1332+ working directory, it will be sought in the resource path
1333+ (see `--resource-path`).
888`--csl=`*FILE*
1335`--csl=`*FILE*
890: Set the `csl` field in the document's metadata to *FILE*,
1337: Set the `csl` field in the document's metadata to *FILE*,
891 overriding any value set in the metadata. (This is equivalent to
1338 overriding any value set in the metadata. (This is equivalent to
892− `--metadata csl=FILE`.)
1339+ `--metadata csl=FILE`.) If *FILE* is a URL, it will be
893− This option is only relevant with `pandoc-citeproc`.
1340+ fetched via HTTP. If *FILE* is not found relative to the
1341+ working directory, it will be sought in the resource path
1342+ (see `--resource-path`) and finally in the `csl`
1343+ subdirectory of the pandoc user data directory.
895`--citation-abbreviations=`*FILE*
1345`--citation-abbreviations=`*FILE*
897: Set the `citation-abbreviations` field in the document's metadata to
1347: Set the `citation-abbreviations` field in the document's metadata to
898 *FILE*, overriding any value set in the metadata. (This is equivalent to
1348 *FILE*, overriding any value set in the metadata. (This is equivalent to
899 `--metadata citation-abbreviations=FILE`.)
1349 `--metadata citation-abbreviations=FILE`.)
900− This option is only relevant with `pandoc-citeproc`.
1350+ If *FILE* is a URL, it will be fetched via HTTP. If *FILE* is not
1351+ found relative to the working directory, it will be sought
1352+ in the resource path (see `--resource-path`) and finally in
1353+ the `csl` subdirectory of the pandoc user data directory.
902`--natbib`
1355`--natbib`
904−: Use [`natbib`] for citations in LaTeX output. This option is not for use
1357+: Use [`natbib`] for citations in LaTeX output. This option
905− with the `pandoc-citeproc` filter or with PDF output. It is intended for
1358+ is not for use with the `--citeproc` option or with PDF
1359+ output. It is intended for use in producing a LaTeX file
906− use in producing a LaTeX file that can be processed with [`bibtex`].
1360+ that can be processed with [`bibtex`].
908`--biblatex`
1362`--biblatex`
910−: Use [`biblatex`] for citations in LaTeX output. This option is not for use
1364+: Use [`biblatex`] for citations in LaTeX output. This option
911− with the `pandoc-citeproc` filter or with PDF output. It is intended for
1365+ is not for use with the `--citeproc` option or with PDF
1366+ output. It is intended for use in producing a LaTeX file
912− use in producing a LaTeX file that can be processed with [`bibtex`] or [`biber`].
1367+ that can be processed with [`bibtex`] or [`biber`].
914−Math rendering in HTML
915−----------------------
917−`-m` [*URL*], `--latexmathml`[`=`*URL*]
919−: Use the [LaTeXMathML] script to display embedded TeX math in HTML output.
920− To insert a link to a local copy of the `LaTeXMathML.js` script,
921− provide a *URL*. If no *URL* is provided, the contents of the
922− script will be inserted directly into the HTML header, preserving
923− portability at the price of efficiency. If you plan to use math on
924− several pages, it is much better to link to a copy of the script,
925− so it can be cached.
929−: Convert TeX math to [MathML] (in `docbook`, `docbook5`, `html` and `html5`).
1369+## Math rendering in HTML {.options}
930− In standalone `html` output, a small javascript (or a link to such a
931− script if a *URL* is supplied) will be inserted that allows the MathML to
932− be viewed on some browsers.
934−`--jsmath`[`=`*URL*]
1371+The default is to render TeX math as far as possible using
935−
1372+Unicode characters. Formulas are put inside a `span` with
936−: Use [jsMath] to display embedded TeX math in HTML output.
1373+`class="math"`, so that they may be styled differently from the
937− The *URL* should point to the jsMath load script (e.g.
1374+surrounding text if needed. However, this gives acceptable
938− `jsMath/easy/load.js`); if provided, it will be linked to in
1375+results only for basic math, usually you will want to use
939− the header of standalone HTML documents. If a *URL* is not provided,
1376+`--mathjax` or another of the following options.
940− no link to the jsMath load script will be inserted; it is then
941− up to the author to provide such a link in the HTML template.
943`--mathjax`[`=`*URL*]
1378`--mathjax`[`=`*URL*]
945: Use [MathJax] to display embedded TeX math in HTML output.
1380: Use [MathJax] to display embedded TeX math in HTML output.
1381+ TeX math will be put between `\(...\)` (for inline math)
1382+ or `\[...\]` (for display math) and wrapped in `<span>` tags
1383+ with class `math`. Then the MathJax JavaScript will render it.
946 The *URL* should point to the `MathJax.js` load script.
1384 The *URL* should point to the `MathJax.js` load script.
947− If a *URL* is not provided, a link to the MathJax CDN will
1385+ If a *URL* is not provided, a link to the Cloudflare CDN will
948 be inserted.
1386 be inserted.
950−`--gladtex`
1388+`--mathml`
952−: Enclose TeX math in `<eq>` tags in HTML output. These can then
953− be processed by [gladTeX] to produce links to images of the typeset
956−`--mimetex`[`=`*URL*]
958−: Render TeX math using the [mimeTeX] CGI script. If *URL* is not
1390+: Convert TeX math to [MathML] (in `epub3`, `docbook4`,
959− specified, it is assumed that the script is at `/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi`.
1391+ `docbook5`, `jats`, `html4` and `html5`). This is the
1392+ default in `odt` output. Note that currently only Firefox
1393+ and Safari (and select e-book readers) natively support
961`--webtex`[`=`*URL*]
1396`--webtex`[`=`*URL*]
963−: Render TeX formulas using an external script that converts TeX
1398+: Convert TeX formulas to `<img>` tags that link to an external script
964− formulas to images. The formula will be concatenated with the URL
1399+ that converts formulas to images. The formula will be URL-encoded
965− provided. If *URL* is not specified, the Google Chart API will be used.
1400+ and concatenated with the URL provided. For SVG images you can for
1401+ example use `--webtex https://latex.codecogs.com/svg.latex?`.
1402+ If no URL is specified, the CodeCogs URL generating PNGs
1403+ will be used (`https://latex.codecogs.com/png.latex?`).
966 Note: the `--webtex` option will affect Markdown output
1404 Note: the `--webtex` option will affect Markdown output
967− as well as HTML.
1405+ as well as HTML, which is useful if you're targeting a
1406+ version of Markdown without native math support.
969`--katex`[`=`*URL*]
1408`--katex`[`=`*URL*]
971: Use [KaTeX] to display embedded TeX math in HTML output.
1410: Use [KaTeX] to display embedded TeX math in HTML output.
972− The *URL* should point to the `katex.js` load script. If a *URL* is
1411+ The *URL* is the base URL for the KaTeX library. That directory
1412+ should contain a `katex.min.js` and a `katex.min.css` file.
973− not provided, a link to the KaTeX CDN will be inserted.
1413+ If a *URL* is not provided, a link to the KaTeX CDN will be inserted.
974− Note: [KaTeX] seems to work best with `html5` output.
976−`--katex-stylesheet=`*URL*
1415+`--gladtex`
1417+: Enclose TeX math in `<eq>` tags in HTML output. The resulting HTML
1418+ can then be processed by [GladTeX] to produce SVG images of the typeset
1419+ formulas and an HTML file with these images embedded.
978−: The *URL* should point to the `katex.css` stylesheet. If this option is
1421+ pandoc -s --gladtex input.md -o myfile.htex
979− not specified, a link to the KaTeX CDN will be inserted. Note that this
1422+ gladtex -d image_dir myfile.htex
980− option does not imply `--katex`.
1423+ # produces myfile.html and images in image_dir
982−[MathML]: http://www.w3.org/Math/
1425+[MathML]: https://www.w3.org/Math/
983−[LaTeXMathML]: http://math.etsu.edu/LaTeXMathML/
984−[jsMath]: http://www.math.union.edu/~dpvc/jsmath/
985[MathJax]: https://www.mathjax.org
1426[MathJax]: https://www.mathjax.org
986−[gladTeX]: http://ans.hsh.no/home/mgg/gladtex/
987−[mimeTeX]: http://www.forkosh.com/mimetex.html
988[KaTeX]: https://github.com/Khan/KaTeX
1427[KaTeX]: https://github.com/Khan/KaTeX
1428+[GladTeX]: https://humenda.github.io/GladTeX/
990−Options for wrapper scripts
1430+## Options for wrapper scripts {.options}
991−---------------------------
993`--dump-args`
1432`--dump-args`
@@ -1012,8 +1451,277 @@ Options for wrapper scripts
1013 pandoc -o foo.html -s
1452 pandoc -o foo.html -s
1456+If pandoc completes successfully, it will return exit code 0.
1457+Nonzero exit codes have the following meanings:
1460+----- ------------------------------------
1461+ 3 PandocFailOnWarningError
1463+ 5 PandocTemplateError
1464+ 6 PandocOptionError
1465+ 21 PandocUnknownReaderError
1466+ 22 PandocUnknownWriterError
1467+ 23 PandocUnsupportedExtensionError
1468+ 24 PandocCiteprocError
1469+ 31 PandocEpubSubdirectoryError
1472+ 47 PandocPDFProgramNotFoundError
1474+ 62 PandocShouldNeverHappenError
1476+ 64 PandocParseError
1477+ 65 PandocParsecError
1478+ 66 PandocMakePDFError
1479+ 67 PandocSyntaxMapError
1480+ 83 PandocFilterError
1482+ 92 PandocUTF8DecodingError
1483+ 93 PandocIpynbDecodingError
1484+ 94 PandocUnsupportedCharsetError
1485+ 97 PandocCouldNotFindDataFileError
1486+ 99 PandocResourceNotFound
1487+----- ------------------------------------
1491+The `--defaults` option may be used to specify a package
1492+of options. Here is a sample defaults file demonstrating all of
1493+the fields that may be used:
1496+from: markdown+emoji
1497+# reader: may be used instead of from:
1499+# writer: may be used instead of to:
1501+# leave blank for output to stdout:
1503+# leave blank for input from stdin, use [] for no input:
1507+# or you may use input-file: with a single value
1509+# Include options from the specified defaults files.
1510+# The files will be searched for first in the working directory
1511+# and then in the defaults subdirectory of the user data directory.
1512+# The files are included in the same order in which they appear in
1513+# the list. Options specified in this defaults file always have
1514+# priority over the included ones.
1521+self-contained: false
1523+# note that structured variables may be specified:
1525+ documentclass: book
1530+# metadata values specified here are parsed as literal
1531+# string text, not markdown:
1538+# or you may use metadata-file: with a single value
1540+# Note that these take files, not their contents:
1541+include-before-body: []
1542+include-after-body: []
1543+include-in-header: []
1544+resource-path: ["."]
1546+# turn on built-in citation processing. Note that if you need
1547+# control over when the citeproc processing is done relative
1548+# to other filters, you should instead use `citeproc` in the
1549+# list of `filters` (see below).
1555+citation-abbreviations: abbrevs.json
1557+# Filters will be assumed to be Lua filters if they have
1558+# the .lua extension, and json filters otherwise. But
1559+# the filter type can also be specified explicitly, as shown.
1560+# Filters are run in the order specified.
1561+# To include the built-in citeproc filter, use either `citeproc`
1562+# or `{type: citeproc}`.
1572+# ERROR, WARNING, or INFO
1576+# citeproc, natbib, or biblatex. This only affects LaTeX
1577+# output. If you want to use citeproc to format citations,
1578+# you should also set 'citeproc: true' (see above).
1579+cite-method: citeproc
1581+# part, chapter, section, or default:
1582+top-level-division: chapter
1585+pdf-engine: pdflatex
1588+# you may also use pdf-engine-opt: with a single option
1589+# pdf-engine-opt: "-shell-escape"
1591+# auto, preserve, or none
1596+extract-media: mediadir
1598+table-of-contents: true
1600+number-sections: false
1601+# a list of offsets at each heading level
1602+number-offset: [0,0,0,0,0,0]
1603+# toc: may also be used instead of table-of-contents:
1604+shift-heading-level-by: 1
1606+identifier-prefix: foo
1608+strip-empty-paragraphs: true
1609+# lf, crlf, or native
1611+strip-comments: false
1612+indented-code-classes: []
1614+default-image-extension: ".jpg"
1616+# either a style name of a style definition file:
1617+highlight-style: pygments
1620+# or you may use syntax-definition: with a single value
1623+reference-doc: myref.docx
1625+# method is plain, webtex, gladtex, mathml, mathjax, katex
1626+# you may specify a url with webtex, mathjax, katex
1629+ url: "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"
1630+# none, references, or javascript
1631+email-obfuscation: javascript
1639+epub-subdirectory: EPUB
1640+epub-metadata: meta.xml
1643+epub-chapter-level: 1
1644+epub-cover-image: cover.jpg
1646+reference-links: true
1647+# block, section, or document
1648+reference-location: block
1649+markdown-headings: setext
1651+# accept, reject, or all
1652+track-changes: accept
1658+# none, all, or best
1661+# A list of two-element lists
1663+- ["User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0"]
1665+fail-if-warnings: false
1671+Fields that are omitted will just have their regular
1672+default values. So a defaults file can be as simple as
1679+In fields that expect a file path (or list of file paths), the
1680+following syntax may be used to interpolate environment variables:
1683+csl: ${HOME}/mycsldir/special.csl
1686+`${USERDATA}` may also be used; this will always resolve to the
1687+user data directory that is current when the defaults file is
1688+parsed, regardless of the setting of the environment
1689+variable `USERDATA`.
1691+`${.}` will resolve to the directory containing the default
1692+file itself. This allows you to refer to resources contained
1696+epub-cover-image: ${.}/cover.jpg
1697+epub-metadata: ${.}/meta.xml
1699+- . # the working directory from which pandoc is run
1700+- ${.}/images # the images subdirectory of the directory
1701+ # containing this defaults file
1704+This environment variable interpolation syntax *only* works in
1705+fields that expect file paths.
1707+Default files can be placed in the `defaults` subdirectory of
1708+the user data directory and used from any directory. For
1709+example, one could create a file specifying defaults for writing
1710+letters, save it as `letter.yaml` in the `defaults` subdirectory
1711+of the user data directory, and then invoke these defaults
1712+from any directory using `pandoc --defaults letter`
1713+or `pandoc -dletter`.
1715+When multiple defaults are used, their contents will be combined.
1717+Note that, where command-line arguments may be repeated
1718+(`--metadata-file`, `--css`, `--include-in-header`,
1719+`--include-before-body`, `--include-after-body`, `--variable`,
1720+`--metadata`, `--syntax-definition`), the values specified on
1721+the command line will combine with values specified in the
1722+defaults file, rather than replacing them.
1015−Templates
1724+# Templates
1018When the `-s/--standalone` option is used, pandoc uses a template to
1726When the `-s/--standalone` option is used, pandoc uses a template to
1019add header and footer material that is needed for a self-standing
1727add header and footer material that is needed for a self-standing
@@ -1030,427 +1738,1430 @@ directory (see `--data-dir`, above). *Exceptions:*
1030- For `odt` output, customize the `default.opendocument`
1738- For `odt` output, customize the `default.opendocument`
1031 template.
1739 template.
1032- For `pdf` output, customize the `default.latex` template
1740- For `pdf` output, customize the `default.latex` template
1033− (or the `default.beamer` template, if you use `-t beamer`,
1741+ (or the `default.context` template, if you use `-t context`,
1742+ or the `default.ms` template, if you use `-t ms`, or the
1034− or the `default.context` template, if you use `-t context`).
1743+ `default.html` template, if you use `-t html`).
1035−- `docx` has no template (however, you can use
1744+- `docx` and `pptx` have no template (however, you can use
1036− `--reference-docx` to customize the output).
1745+ `--reference-doc` to customize the output).
1038Templates contain *variables*, which allow for the inclusion of
1747Templates contain *variables*, which allow for the inclusion of
1039−arbitrary information at any point in the file. Variables may be set
1748+arbitrary information at any point in the file. They may be set at the
1749+command line using the `-V/--variable` option. If a variable is not set,
1750+pandoc will look for the key in the document's metadata, which can be set
1040−within the document using [YAML metadata blocks][Extension:
1751+using either [YAML metadata blocks][Extension: `yaml_metadata_block`]
1041−`yaml_metadata_block`]. They may also be set at the
1752+or with the `-M/--metadata` option. In addition, some variables
1042−command line using the `-V/--variable` option: variables set in this
1753+are given default values by pandoc. See [Variables] below for
1043−way override metadata fields with the same name.
1754+a list of variables used in pandoc's default templates.
1045−Variables set by pandoc
1756+If you use custom templates, you may need to revise them as pandoc
1046−-----------------------
1757+changes. We recommend tracking the changes in the default templates,
1758+and modifying your custom templates accordingly. An easy way to do this
1759+is to fork the [pandoc-templates] repository and merge in
1760+changes after each pandoc release.
1048−Some variables are set automatically by pandoc. These vary somewhat
1762+ [pandoc-templates]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc-templates
1049−depending on the output format, but include metadata fields as well
1052−`title`, `author`, `date`
1764+## Template syntax
1053−: allow identification of basic aspects of the document. Included
1054− in PDF metadata through LaTeX and ConTeXt. These can be set
1055− through a [pandoc title block][Extension: `pandoc_title_block`],
1056− which allows for multiple authors, or through a YAML metadata block:
1058− ---
1766+### Comments
1064−`subtitle`
1768+Anything between the sequence `$--` and the end of the
1065−: document subtitle, included in HTML, EPUB, LaTeX, ConTeXt, and Word docx;
1769+line will be treated as a comment and omitted from the output.
1066− renders in LaTeX only when using a document class that supports
1067− `\subtitle`, such as `beamer` or the [KOMA-Script] series (`scrartcl`,
1068− `scrreprt`, `scrbook`).[^subtitle]
1070−`institute`
1771+### Delimiters
1071−: author affiliations (in LaTeX and Beamer only). Can be a
1072− list, when there are multiple authors.
1074−`abstract`
1773+To mark variables and control structures in the template,
1075−: document summary, included in LaTeX, ConTeXt, AsciiDoc, and Word docx
1774+either `$`...`$` or `${`...`}` may be used as delimiters.
1775+The styles may also be mixed in the same template, but the
1776+opening and closing delimiter must match in each case. The
1777+opening delimiter may be followed by one or more spaces
1778+or tabs, which will be ignored. The closing delimiter may
1779+be followed by one or more spaces or tabs, which will be
1077−`keywords`
1782+To include a literal `$` in the document, use `$$`.
1078−: list of keywords to be included in HTML, PDF, and AsciiDoc metadata;
1079− may be repeated as for `author`, above
1081−`header-includes`
1784+### Interpolated variables
1082−: contents specified by `-H/--include-in-header` (may have multiple
1085−`toc`
1786+A slot for an interpolated variable is a variable name surrounded
1086−: non-null value if `--toc/--table-of-contents` was specified
1787+by matched delimiters. Variable names must begin with a letter
1788+and can contain letters, numbers, `_`, `-`, and `.`. The
1789+keywords `it`, `if`, `else`, `endif`, `for`, `sep`, and `endfor` may
1790+not be used as variable names. Examples:
1089−: title of table of contents (works only with EPUB and docx)
1793+$foo$
1091−`include-before`
1803+Variable names with periods are used to get at structured
1092−: contents specified by `-B/--include-before-body` (may have
1804+variable values. So, for example, `employee.salary` will return the
1093− multiple values)
1805+value of the `salary` field of the object that is the value of
1806+the `employee` field.
1095−`include-after`
1808+- If the value of the variable is simple value, it will be
1096−: contents specified by `-A/--include-after-body` (may have
1809+ rendered verbatim. (Note that no escaping is done;
1097− multiple values)
1810+ the assumption is that the calling program will escape
1811+ the strings appropriately for the output format.)
1812+- If the value is a list, the values will be concatenated.
1813+- If the value is a map, the string `true` will be rendered.
1814+- Every other value will be rendered as the empty string.
1099−`body`
1816+### Conditionals
1102−`meta-json`
1818+A conditional begins with `if(variable)` (enclosed in
1103−: JSON representation of all of the document's metadata
1819+matched delimiters) and ends with `endif` (enclosed in matched
1820+delimiters). It may optionally contain an `else` (enclosed in
1821+matched delimiters). The `if` section is used if
1822+`variable` has a non-empty value, otherwise the `else`
1823+section is used (if present). Examples:
1105−[^subtitle]: To make `subtitle` work with other LaTeX
1825+```
1106− document classes, you can add the following to `header-includes`:
1826+$if(foo)$bar$endif$
1108− \providecommand{\subtitle}[1]{%
1828+$if(foo)$
1109− \usepackage{titling}
1829+ $foo$
1110− \posttitle{%
1830+$endif$
1111− \par\large#1\end{center}}
1114−Language variables
1832+$if(foo)$
1115−------------------
1833+part one
1117−`lang`
1838+${if(foo)}bar${endif}
1118−: identifies the main language of the document,
1119− using a code according to [BCP 47] (e.g. `en` or `en-GB`).
1120− For some output formats, pandoc will convert it to an appropriate
1121− format stored in the additional variables `babel-lang`,
1122− `polyglossia-lang` (LaTeX) and `context-lang` (ConTeXt).
1124− Native pandoc `span`s and `div`s with the lang attribute
1125− (value in BCP 47) can be used to switch the language in
1129−: a list of other languages used in the document
1130− in the YAML metadata, according to [BCP 47]. For example:
1131− `otherlangs: [en-GB, fr]`.
1132− This is automatically generated from the `lang` attributes
1133− in all `span`s and `div`s but can be overridden.
1134− Currently only used by LaTeX through the generated
1135− `babel-otherlangs` and `polyglossia-otherlangs` variables.
1136− The LaTeX writer outputs polyglossia commands in the text but
1137− the `babel-newcommands` variable contains mappings for them
1138− to the corresponding babel.
1140−`dir`
1840+${if(foo)}
1141−: the base direction of the document, either `rtl` (right-to-left)
1841+ ${foo}
1142− or `ltr` (left-to-right).
1842+${endif}
1144− For bidirectional documents, native pandoc `span`s and `div`s
1844+${if(foo)}
1145− with the `dir` attribute (value `rtl` or `ltr`) can be used to
1845+${ foo.bar }
1146− override the base direction in some output formats.
1846+${else}
1147− This may not always be necessary if the final renderer
1847+no foo!
1148− (e.g. the browser, when generating HTML) supports the
1848+${endif}
1149− [Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm].
1849+```
1151− When using LaTeX for bidirectional documents, only the `xelatex` engine
1851+The keyword `elseif` may be used to simplify complex nested
1152− is fully supported (use `--latex-engine=xelatex`).
1852+conditionals:
1154−[BCP 47]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47
1854+```
1155−[Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm]: http://www.w3.org/International/articles/inline-bidi-markup/uba-basics
1855+$if(foo)$
1157−Variables for slides
1864+### For loops
1158−--------------------
1160−Variables are available for [producing slide shows with pandoc],
1866+A for loop begins with `for(variable)` (enclosed in
1161−including all [reveal.js configuration options].
1867+matched delimiters) and ends with `endfor` (enclosed in matched
1163−`slidy-url`
1870+- If `variable` is an array, the material inside the loop will
1164−: base URL for Slidy documents (defaults to
1871+ be evaluated repeatedly, with `variable` being set to each
1165− `http://www.w3.org/Talks/Tools/Slidy2`)
1872+ value of the array in turn, and concatenated.
1873+- If `variable` is a map, the material inside will be set to
1875+- If the value of the associated variable is not an array or
1876+ a map, a single iteration will be performed on its value.
1167−`slideous-url`
1878+Examples:
1168−: base URL for Slideous documents (defaults to `slideous`)
1171−: base URL for S5 documents (defaults to `s5/default`)
1881+$for(foo)$$foo$$sep$, $endfor$
1173−`revealjs-url`
1883+$for(foo)$
1174−: base URL for reveal.js documents (defaults to `reveal.js`)
1884+ - $foo.last$, $foo.first$
1176−`theme`, `colortheme`, `fonttheme`, `innertheme`, `outertheme`
1887+${ for(foo.bar) }
1177−: themes for LaTeX [`beamer`] documents
1888+ - ${ foo.bar.last }, ${ foo.bar.first }
1179−`themeoptions`
1891+$for(mymap)$
1180−: options for LaTeX beamer themes (a list).
1892+$it.name$: $it.office$
1182−`navigation`
1896+You may optionally specify a separator between consecutive
1183−: controls navigation symbols in `beamer` documents
1897+values using `sep` (enclosed in matched delimiters). The
1184− (default is `empty` for no navigation symbols; other valid values
1898+material between `sep` and the `endfor` is the separator.
1185− are `frame`, `vertical`, and `horizontal`).
1187−`section-titles`
1900+```
1188−: enables on "title pages" for new sections in `beamer`
1901+${ for(foo) }${ foo }${ sep }, ${ endfor }
1189− documents (default = true).
1902+```
1191−`beamerarticle`
1904+Instead of using `variable` inside the loop, the special
1192−: when true, the `beamerarticle` package is loaded (for
1905+anaphoric keyword `it` may be used.
1193− producing an article from beamer slides).
1195−[reveal.js configuration options]: https://github.com/hakimel/reveal.js#configuration
1907+```
1909+ - ${ it.last }, ${ it.first }
1197−Variables for LaTeX
1913+### Partials
1200−LaTeX variables are used when [creating a PDF].
1915+Partials (subtemplates stored in different files) may be
1916+included by using the name of the partial, followed
1917+by `()`, for example:
1203−: paper size, e.g. `letter`, `A4`
1920+${ styles() }
1205−`fontsize`
1923+Partials will be sought in the directory containing
1206−: font size for body text (e.g. `10pt`, `12pt`)
1924+the main template. The file name will be assumed to
1925+have the same extension as the main template if it
1926+lacks an extension. When calling the partial, the
1927+full name including file extension can also be used:
1208−`documentclass`
1929+```
1209−: document class, e.g. [`article`], [`report`], [`book`], [`memoir`]
1930+${ styles.html() }
1211−`classoption`
1933+(If a partial is not found in the directory of the
1212−: option for document class, e.g. `oneside`; may be repeated
1934+template and the template path is given as a relative
1213− for multiple options
1935+path, it will also be sought in the `templates`
1936+subdirectory of the user data directory.)
1215−`geometry`
1938+Partials may optionally be applied to variables using
1216−: option for [`geometry`] package, e.g. `margin=1in`;
1939+a colon:
1217− may be repeated for multiple options
1219−`margin-left`, `margin-right`, `margin-top`, `margin-bottom`
1941+```
1220−: sets margins, if `geometry` is not used (otherwise `geometry`
1942+${ date:fancy() }
1223−`linestretch`
1944+${ articles:bibentry() }
1224−: adjusts line spacing using the [`setspace`]
1945+```
1225− package, e.g. `1.25`, `1.5`
1227−`fontfamily`
1947+If `articles` is an array, this will iterate over its
1228−: font package for use with `pdflatex`:
1948+values, applying the partial `bibentry()` to each one. So the
1229− [TeX Live] includes many options, documented in the [LaTeX Font Catalogue].
1949+second example above is equivalent to
1230− The default is [Latin Modern][`lm`].
1950+
1957+Note that the anaphoric keyword `it` must be used when
1958+iterating over partials. In the above examples,
1959+the `bibentry` partial should contain `it.title`
1960+(and so on) instead of `articles.title`.
1962+Final newlines are omitted from included partials.
1964+Partials may include other partials.
1966+A separator between values of an array may be specified
1967+in square brackets, immediately after the variable name
1973+${articles:bibentry()[; ]$
1976+The separator in this case is literal and (unlike with `sep`
1977+in an explicit `for` loop) cannot contain interpolated
1978+variables or other template directives.
1982+To ensure that content is "nested," that is, subsequent lines
1983+indented, use the `^` directive:
1986+$item.number$ $^$$item.description$ ($item.price$)
1989+In this example, if `item.description` has multiple lines,
1990+they will all be indented to line up with the first line:
1993+00123 A fine bottle of 18-year old
1994+ Oban whiskey. ($148)
1997+To nest multiple lines to the same level, align them
1998+with the `^` directive in the template. For example:
2001+$item.number$ $^$$item.description$ ($item.price$)
2002+ (Available til $item.sellby$.)
2008+00123 A fine bottle of 18-year old
2009+ Oban whiskey. ($148)
2010+ (Available til March 30, 2020.)
2013+If a variable occurs by itself on a line, preceded by whitespace
2014+and not followed by further text or directives on the same line,
2015+and the variable's value contains multiple lines, it will be
2016+nested automatically.
2018+### Breakable spaces
2020+Normally, spaces in the template itself (as opposed to values of
2021+the interpolated variables) are not breakable, but they can be
2022+made breakable in part of the template by using the `~` keyword
2023+(ended with another `~`).
2026+$~$This long line may break if the document is rendered
2027+with a short line length.$~$
2032+A pipe transforms the value of a variable or partial. Pipes are
2033+specified using a slash (`/`) between the variable name (or partial)
2034+and the pipe name. Example:
2041+$for(metadata/pairs)$
2042+- $it.key$: $it.value$
2045+$employee:name()/uppercase$
2048+Pipes may be chained:
2051+$for(employees/pairs)$
2052+$it.key/alpha/uppercase$. $it.name$
2056+Some pipes take parameters:
2059+|----------------------|------------|
2061+$it.name.first/uppercase/left 20 "| "$$it.name.salary/right 10 " | " " |"$
2063+|----------------------|------------|
2066+Currently the following pipes are predefined:
2068+- `pairs`: Converts a map or array to an array of maps,
2069+ each with `key` and `value` fields. If the original
2070+ value was an array, the `key` will be the array index,
2073+- `uppercase`: Converts text to uppercase.
2075+- `lowercase`: Converts text to lowercase.
2077+- `length`: Returns the length of the value: number
2078+ of characters for a textual value, number of elements
2079+ for a map or array.
2081+- `reverse`: Reverses a textual value or array,
2082+ and has no effect on other values.
2084+- `first`: Returns the first value of an array, if
2085+ applied to a non-empty array; otherwise returns
2086+ the original value.
2088+- `last`: Returns the last value of an array, if
2089+ applied to a non-empty array; otherwise returns
2090+ the original value.
2092+- `rest`: Returns all but the first value of an array, if
2093+ applied to a non-empty array; otherwise returns
2094+ the original value.
2096+- `allbutlast`: Returns all but the last value of an array, if
2097+ applied to a non-empty array; otherwise returns
2098+ the original value.
2100+- `chomp`: Removes trailing newlines (and breakable space).
2102+- `nowrap`: Disables line wrapping on breakable spaces.
2104+- `alpha`: Converts textual values that can be
2105+ read as an integer into lowercase alphabetic
2106+ characters `a..z` (mod 26). This can be used to get lettered
2107+ enumeration from array indices. To get uppercase
2108+ letters, chain with `uppercase`.
2110+- `roman`: Converts textual values that can be
2111+ read as an integer into lowercase roman numerials.
2112+ This can be used to get lettered enumeration from array indices.
2113+ To get uppercase roman, chain with `uppercase`.
2115+- `left n "leftborder" "rightborder"`: Renders a textual value
2116+ in a block of width `n`, aligned to the left, with an optional
2117+ left and right border. Has no effect on other values. This
2118+ can be used to align material in tables. Widths are positive
2119+ integers indicating the number of characters. Borders
2120+ are strings inside double quotes; literal `"` and `\` characters
2121+ must be backslash-escaped.
2123+- `right n "leftborder" "rightborder"`: Renders a textual value
2124+ in a block of width `n`, aligned to the right, and has no
2125+ effect on other values.
2127+- `center n "leftborder" "rightborder"`: Renders a textual
2128+ value in a block of width `n`, aligned to the center, and has
2129+ no effect on other values.
2134+### Metadata variables
2136+`title`, `author`, `date`
2137+: allow identification of basic aspects of the document. Included
2138+ in PDF metadata through LaTeX and ConTeXt. These can be set
2139+ through a [pandoc title block][Extension: `pandoc_title_block`],
2140+ which allows for multiple authors, or through a
2141+ [YAML metadata block][Extension: `yaml_metadata_block`]:
2149+ Note that if you just want to set PDF or HTML metadata, without
2150+ including a title block in the document itself, you can
2151+ set the `title-meta`, `author-meta`, and `date-meta`
2152+ variables. (By default these are set automatically, based
2153+ on `title`, `author`, and `date`.) The page title in HTML
2154+ is set by `pagetitle`, which is equal to `title` by default.
2157+: document subtitle, included in HTML, EPUB, LaTeX, ConTeXt, and docx
2161+: document summary, included in LaTeX, ConTeXt, AsciiDoc, and docx
2165+: list of keywords to be included in HTML, PDF, ODT, pptx, docx
2166+ and AsciiDoc metadata; repeat as for `author`, above
2169+: document subject, included in ODT, PDF, docx and pptx metadata
2172+: document description, included in ODT, docx and pptx metadata. Some
2173+ applications show this as `Comments` metadata.
2176+: document category, included in docx and pptx metadata
2179+any root-level string metadata, not included in ODT, docx
2180+or pptx metadata is added as a *custom property*.
2181+The following [YAML] metadata block for instance:
2184+ title: 'This is the title'
2185+ subtitle: "This is the subtitle"
2193+ It consists of two paragraphs
2196+will include `title`, `author` and `description` as standard document
2197+properties and `subtitle` as a custom property when converting to docx,
2200+### Language variables
2203+: identifies the main language of the document using IETF language
2204+ tags (following the [BCP 47] standard), such as `en` or `en-GB`.
2205+ The [Language subtag lookup] tool can look up or verify these tags.
2206+ This affects most formats, and controls hyphenation in PDF output
2207+ when using LaTeX (through [`babel`] and [`polyglossia`]) or ConTeXt.
2209+ Use native pandoc [Divs and Spans] with the `lang` attribute to
2210+ switch the language:
2216+ Text in the main document language (British English).
2219+ > Cette citation est écrite en français canadien.
2222+ More text in English. ['Zitat auf Deutsch.']{lang=de}
2225+: the base script direction, either `rtl` (right-to-left)
2226+ or `ltr` (left-to-right).
2228+ For bidirectional documents, native pandoc `span`s and
2229+ `div`s with the `dir` attribute (value `rtl` or `ltr`) can
2230+ be used to override the base direction in some output
2231+ formats. This may not always be necessary if the final
2232+ renderer (e.g. the browser, when generating HTML) supports
2233+ the [Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm].
2235+ When using LaTeX for bidirectional documents, only the
2236+ `xelatex` engine is fully supported (use
2237+ `--pdf-engine=xelatex`).
2239+[BCP 47]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47
2240+[Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm]: https://www.w3.org/International/articles/inline-bidi-markup/uba-basics
2241+[Language subtag lookup]: https://r12a.github.io/app-subtags/
2243+### Variables for HTML
2246+: Enables inclusion of most of the [CSS] in the `styles.html`
2247+ [partial](#partials) (have a look with
2248+ `pandoc --print-default-data-file=templates/styles.html`).
2249+ Unless you use [`--css`](#option--css), this variable
2250+ is set to `true` by default. You can disable it with
2251+ e.g. `pandoc -M document-css=false`.
2254+: sets the CSS `font-family` property on the `html` element.
2257+: sets the base CSS `font-size`, which you'd usually set
2258+ to e.g. `20px`, but it also accepts `pt`
2259+ (12pt = 16px in most browsers).
2262+: sets the CSS `color` property on the `html` element.
2265+: sets the CSS `color` property on all links.
2268+: sets the CSS `font-family` property on `code` elements.
2270+`monobackgroundcolor`
2271+: sets the CSS `background-color` property on `code` elements
2272+ and adds extra padding.
2275+: sets the CSS `line-height` property on the `html` element,
2276+ which is preferred to be unitless.
2279+: sets the CSS `background-color` property on the `html` element.
2281+`margin-left`, `margin-right`, `margin-top`, `margin-bottom`
2282+: sets the corresponding CSS `padding` properties on the `body` element.
2284+To override or extend some [CSS] for just one document, include for example:
2290+ font-style: italic;
2293+ background-color: #f0f0f0;
2296+ padding: 0.5em 2em 0.5em 0.5em;
2299+ border-bottom: none;
2304+[CSS]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS
2306+### Variables for HTML math
2309+: when using [KaTeX](#option--katex), you can render display
2310+math equations flush left using [YAML metadata](#layout) or with
2311+`-M classoption=fleqn`.
2313+### Variables for HTML slides
2315+These affect HTML output when [producing slide shows with pandoc].
2318+: author affiliations: can be a list when there are multiple authors
2321+: base URL for reveal.js documents (defaults to
2322+ `https://unpkg.com/reveal.js@^4/`)
2325+: base URL for S5 documents (defaults to `s5/default`)
2328+: base URL for Slidy documents (defaults to
2329+ `https://www.w3.org/Talks/Tools/Slidy2`)
2332+: base URL for Slideous documents (defaults to `slideous`)
2334+`title-slide-attributes`
2335+: additional attributes for the title slide of reveal.js slide shows.
2336+ See [background in reveal.js and beamer] for an example.
2338+All [reveal.js configuration options] are available as variables.
2339+To turn off boolean flags that default to true in reveal.js, use `0`.
2341+[reveal.js configuration options]: https://revealjs.com/config/
2343+### Variables for Beamer slides
2345+These variables change the appearance of PDF slides using [`beamer`].
2348+: slide aspect ratio (`43` for 4:3 [default], `169` for 16:9,
2349+ `1610` for 16:10, `149` for 14:9, `141` for 1.41:1, `54` for 5:4,
2353+: produce an article from Beamer slides
2356+: add extra beamer option with `\setbeameroption{}`
2359+: author affiliations: can be a list when there are multiple authors
2362+: logo image for slides
2365+: controls navigation symbols (default is `empty` for no navigation
2366+ symbols; other valid values are `frame`, `vertical`, and `horizontal`)
2369+: enables "title pages" for new sections (default is true)
2371+`theme`, `colortheme`, `fonttheme`, `innertheme`, `outertheme`
2375+: options for LaTeX beamer themes (a list).
2378+: image for title slide
2380+### Variables for PowerPoint
2382+These variables control the visual aspects of a slide show that
2383+are not easily controlled via templates.
2386+: font to use for code.
2388+### Variables for LaTeX
2390+Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with a LaTeX engine.
2395+: make `\paragraph` and `\subparagraph` (fourth- and
2396+ fifth-level headings, or fifth- and sixth-level with book
2397+ classes) free-standing rather than run-in; requires further
2398+ formatting to distinguish from `\subsubsection` (third- or
2399+ fourth-level headings). Instead of using this option,
2400+ [KOMA-Script] can adjust headings more extensively:
2403+ documentclass: scrartcl
2405+ \RedeclareSectionCommand[
2406+ beforeskip=-10pt plus -2pt minus -1pt,
2407+ afterskip=1sp plus -1sp minus 1sp,
2408+ font=\normalfont\itshape]{paragraph}
2409+ \RedeclareSectionCommand[
2410+ beforeskip=-10pt plus -2pt minus -1pt,
2411+ afterskip=1sp plus -1sp minus 1sp,
2412+ font=\normalfont\scshape,
2413+ indent=0pt]{subparagraph}
2417+: option for document class, e.g. `oneside`; repeat for multiple options:
2426+: document class: usually one of the standard classes,
2427+ [`article`], [`book`], and [`report`]; the [KOMA-Script]
2428+ equivalents, `scrartcl`, `scrbook`, and `scrreprt`, which
2429+ default to smaller margins; or [`memoir`]
2432+: option for [`geometry`] package, e.g. `margin=1in`;
2433+ repeat for multiple options:
2443+: option for [`hyperref`] package, e.g. `linktoc=all`;
2444+ repeat for multiple options:
2450+ - pdfpagemode=FullScreen
2454+: if true, pandoc will use document class settings for
2455+ indentation (the default LaTeX template otherwise removes
2456+ indentation and adds space between paragraphs)
2459+: adjusts line spacing using the [`setspace`]
2460+ package, e.g. `1.25`, `1.5`
2462+`margin-left`, `margin-right`, `margin-top`, `margin-bottom`
2463+: sets margins if `geometry` is not used (otherwise `geometry`
2467+: control `\pagestyle{}`: the default article class
2468+ supports `plain` (default), `empty` (no running heads or page numbers),
2469+ and `headings` (section titles in running heads)
2472+: paper size, e.g. `letter`, `a4`
2475+: numbering depth for sections (with `--number-sections` option
2476+ or `numbersections` variable)
2481+: allows font encoding to be specified through `fontenc` package (with
2482+ `pdflatex`); default is `T1` (see [LaTeX font encodings guide])
2485+: font package for use with `pdflatex`:
2486+ [TeX Live] includes many options, documented in the [LaTeX Font Catalogue].
2487+ The default is [Latin Modern][`lm`].
1232`fontfamilyoptions`
2489`fontfamilyoptions`
1233−: options for package used as `fontfamily`: e.g. `osf,sc` with
2490+: options for package used as `fontfamily`; repeat for multiple options.
1234− `fontfamily` set to [`mathpazo`] provides Palatino with old-style
2491+ For example, to use the Libertine font with proportional lowercase
1235− figures and true small caps; may be repeated for multiple options
2492+ (old-style) figures through the [`libertinus`] package:
2495+ fontfamily: libertinus
2502+: font size for body text. The standard classes allow 10pt, 11pt, and
2503+ 12pt. To use another size, set `documentclass` to one of
2504+ the [KOMA-Script] classes, such as `scrartcl` or `scrbook`.
2506+`mainfont`, `sansfont`, `monofont`, `mathfont`, `CJKmainfont`
2507+: font families for use with `xelatex` or
2508+ `lualatex`: take the name of any system font, using the
2509+ [`fontspec`] package. `CJKmainfont` uses the [`xecjk`] package.
2511+`mainfontoptions`, `sansfontoptions`, `monofontoptions`, `mathfontoptions`, `CJKoptions`
2512+: options to use with `mainfont`, `sansfont`, `monofont`, `mathfont`,
2513+ `CJKmainfont` in `xelatex` and `lualatex`. Allow for any
2514+ choices available through [`fontspec`]; repeat for multiple
2515+ options. For example, to use the [TeX Gyre] version of
2516+ Palatino with lowercase figures:
2519+ mainfont: TeX Gyre Pagella
2521+ - Numbers=Lowercase
2522+ - Numbers=Proportional
2526+: options to pass to the microtype package
2531+: add color to link text; automatically enabled if any of
2532+ `linkcolor`, `filecolor`, `citecolor`, `urlcolor`, or `toccolor` are set
2534+`linkcolor`, `filecolor`, `citecolor`, `urlcolor`, `toccolor`
2535+: color for internal links, external links, citation links, linked
2536+ URLs, and links in table of contents, respectively: uses options
2537+ allowed by [`xcolor`], including the `dvipsnames`, `svgnames`, and
2541+: causes links to be printed as footnotes
2546+: include list of figures, list of tables
2549+: contents of acknowledgments footnote after document title
2552+: include table of contents (can also be set using
2553+ `--toc/--table-of-contents`)
2556+: level of section to include in table of contents
2558+#### BibLaTeX Bibliographies
2560+These variables function when using BibLaTeX for [citation rendering].
2563+: list of options for biblatex
2566+: bibliography style, when used with `--natbib` and `--biblatex`.
2569+: bibliography title, when used with `--natbib` and `--biblatex`.
2572+: bibliography to use for resolving references
2575+: list of options for natbib
2577+[KOMA-Script]: https://ctan.org/pkg/koma-script
2578+[LaTeX Font Catalogue]: https://tug.org/FontCatalogue/
2579+[LaTeX font encodings guide]: https://ctan.org/pkg/encguide
2580+[TeX Gyre]: http://www.gust.org.pl/projects/e-foundry/tex-gyre
2581+[`article`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/article
2582+[`book`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/book
2583+[`libertinus`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/libertinus
2584+[`memoir`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/memoir
2585+[`report`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/report
2587+### Variables for ConTeXt
2589+Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with ConTeXt.
2592+: font size for body text (e.g. `10pt`, `12pt`)
2594+`headertext`, `footertext`
2595+: text to be placed in running header or footer (see [ConTeXt Headers and
2596+ Footers]); repeat up to four times for different placement
2599+: controls indentation of paragraphs, e.g. `yes,small,next` (see
2600+ [ConTeXt Indentation]); repeat for multiple options
2603+: adjusts line spacing, e.g. `4ex` (using [`setupinterlinespace`]);
2604+ repeat for multiple options
2607+: options for page margins and text arrangement (see [ConTeXt Layout]);
2608+ repeat for multiple options
2610+`linkcolor`, `contrastcolor`
2611+: color for links outside and inside a page, e.g. `red`, `blue` (see
2615+: typeface style for links, e.g. `normal`, `bold`, `slanted`, `boldslanted`,
2616+ `type`, `cap`, `small`
2619+: include list of figures, list of tables
2621+`mainfont`, `sansfont`, `monofont`, `mathfont`
2622+: font families: take the name of any system font (see
2623+ [ConTeXt Font Switching])
2625+`margin-left`, `margin-right`, `margin-top`, `margin-bottom`
2626+: sets margins, if `layout` is not used (otherwise `layout`
2630+: page number style and location (using [`setuppagenumbering`]);
2631+ repeat for multiple options
2634+: paper size, e.g. `letter`, `A4`, `landscape` (see [ConTeXt Paper Setup]);
2635+ repeat for multiple options
2638+: adds to the preamble the setup necessary to generate PDF/A
2639+ of the type specified, e.g. `1a:2005`, `2a`. If no type is
2640+ specified (i.e. the value is set to True, by e.g.
2641+ `--metadata=pdfa` or `pdfa: true` in a YAML metadata block),
2642+ `1b:2005` will be used as default, for reasons of backwards
2643+ compatibility. Using `--variable=pdfa` without specified value
2644+ is not supported. To successfully generate PDF/A the required
2645+ ICC color profiles have to be available and the content and all
2646+ included files (such as images) have to be standard conforming.
2647+ The ICC profiles and output intent may be specified using the
2648+ variables `pdfaiccprofile` and `pdfaintent`. See also [ConTeXt
2649+ PDFA] for more details.
2652+: when used in conjunction with `pdfa`, specifies the ICC profile to use
2653+ in the PDF, e.g. `default.cmyk`. If left unspecified, `sRGB.icc` is
2654+ used as default. May be repeated to include multiple profiles. Note that
2655+ the profiles have to be available on the system. They can be obtained
2656+ from [ConTeXt ICC Profiles].
2659+: when used in conjunction with `pdfa`, specifies the output intent for
2660+ the colors, e.g. `ISO coated v2 300\letterpercent\space (ECI)`
2661+ If left unspecified, `sRGB IEC61966-2.1` is used as default.
2664+: include table of contents (can also be set using
2665+ `--toc/--table-of-contents`)
2668+: spacing between paragraphs, e.g. `none`, `small` (using
2669+ [`setupwhitespace`])
2672+: include all source documents as file attachments in the PDF file
2674+[ConTeXt Paper Setup]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/PaperSetup
2675+[ConTeXt Layout]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Layout
2676+[ConTeXt Font Switching]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Font_Switching
2677+[ConTeXt Color]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Color
2678+[ConTeXt Headers and Footers]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Headers_and_Footers
2679+[ConTeXt Indentation]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Indentation
2680+[ConTeXt ICC Profiles]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/PDFX#ICC_profiles
2681+[ConTeXt PDFA]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/PDF/A
2682+[`setupwhitespace`]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Command/setupwhitespace
2683+[`setupinterlinespace`]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Command/setupinterlinespace
2684+[`setuppagenumbering`]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Command/setuppagenumbering
2686+### Variables for `wkhtmltopdf`
2688+Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with [`wkhtmltopdf`].
2689+The `--css` option also affects the output.
2691+`footer-html`, `header-html`
2692+: add information to the header and footer
2694+`margin-left`, `margin-right`, `margin-top`, `margin-bottom`
2695+: set the page margins
2698+: sets the PDF paper size
2700+### Variables for man pages
2703+: adjusts text to left (`l`), right (`r`), center (`c`),
2704+ or both (`b`) margins
2707+: footer in man pages
2710+: header in man pages
2713+: if `true` (the default), hyphenation will be used
2716+: section number in man pages
2718+### Variables for ms
2721+: font family (e.g. `T` or `P`)
2724+: paragraph indent (e.g. `2m`)
2727+: line height (e.g. `12p`)
2730+: point size (e.g. `10p`)
2732+### Variables set automatically
2734+Pandoc sets these variables automatically in response to [options] or
2735+document contents; users can also modify them. These vary depending
2736+on the output format, and include the following:
1237−`mainfont`, `sansfont`, `monofont`, `mathfont`, `CJKmainfont`
2741+`date-meta`
1238−: font families for use with `xelatex` or
2742+: the `date` variable converted to ISO 8601 YYYY-MM-DD,
1239− `lualatex`: take the name of any system font, using the
2743+ included in all HTML based formats (dzslides, epub,
1240− [`fontspec`] package. Note that if `CJKmainfont` is used,
2744+ html, html4, html5, revealjs, s5, slideous, slidy).
1241− the [`xecjk`] package must be available.
2745+ The recognized formats for `date` are: `mm/dd/yyyy`,
2746+ `mm/dd/yy`, `yyyy-mm-dd` (ISO 8601), `dd MM yyyy`
2747+ (e.g. either `02 Apr 2018` or `02 April 2018`),
2748+ `MM dd, yyyy` (e.g. `Apr. 02, 2018` or `April 02, 2018),
2749+ `yyyy[mm[dd]]]` (e.g. `20180402, `201804` or `2018`).
1243−`mainfontoptions`, `sansfontoptions`, `monofontoptions`, `mathfontoptions`, `CJKoptions`
2751+`header-includes`
1244−: options to use with `mainfont`, `sansfont`, `monofont`, `mathfont`,
2752+: contents specified by `-H/--include-in-header` (may have multiple
1245− `CJKmainfont` in `xelatex` and `lualatex`. Allow for any choices
2753+ values)
1246− available through [`fontspec`], such as the OpenType features
1247− `Numbers=OldStyle,Numbers=Proportional`. May be repeated for multiple options.
1249−`fontenc`
2755+`include-before`
1250−: allows font encoding to be specified through `fontenc` package (with `pdflatex`);
2756+: contents specified by `-B/--include-before-body` (may have
1251− default is `T1` (see guide to [LaTeX font encodings])
2757+ multiple values)
1253−`colorlinks`
2759+`include-after`
1254−: add color to link text; automatically enabled if any of `linkcolor`, `citecolor`,
2760+: contents specified by `-A/--include-after-body` (may have
1255− `urlcolor`, or `toccolor` are set
2761+ multiple values)
1257−`linkcolor`, `citecolor`, `urlcolor`, `toccolor`
2763+`meta-json`
1258−: color for internal links, citation links, external links, and links in table of contents:
2764+: JSON representation of all of the document's metadata. Field
1259− uses any of the [predefined LaTeX colors]
2765+ values are transformed to the selected output format.
1261−`links-as-notes`
2767+`numbersections`
1262−: causes links to be printed as footnotes
2768+: non-null value if `-N/--number-sections` was specified
1264−`indent`
2770+`sourcefile`, `outputfile`
1265−: uses document class settings for indentation (the default LaTeX template
2771+: source and destination filenames, as given on the command line.
1266− otherwise removes indentation and adds space between paragraphs)
2772+ `sourcefile` can also be a list if input comes from multiple files,
2773+ or empty if input is from stdin. You can use the following snippet in
2774+ your template to distinguish them:
1268−`subparagraph`
2776+ $if(sourcefile)$
1269−: disables default behavior of LaTeX template that redefines (sub)paragraphs
2777+ $for(sourcefile)$
1270− as sections, changing the appearance of nested headings in some classes
2778+ $sourcefile$
1272−`thanks`
2784+ Similarly, `outputfile` can be `-` if output goes to the terminal.
1273−: specifies contents of acknowledgments footnote after document title.
2785+
2786+ If you need absolute paths, use e.g. `$curdir$/$sourcefile$`.
2789+: working directory from which pandoc is run.
1276−: include table of contents (can also be set using `--toc/--table-of-contents`)
2792+: non-null value if `--toc/--table-of-contents` was specified
1278−`toc-depth`
2794+`toc-title`
1279−: level of section to include in table of contents
2795+: title of table of contents (works only with EPUB,
2796+ HTML, opendocument, odt, docx, pptx, beamer, LaTeX)
1281−`secnumdepth`
2798+[pandoc-templates]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc-templates
1282−: numbering depth for sections, if sections are numbered
1284−`lof`, `lot`
2800+# Extensions
1285−: include list of figures, list of tables
1287−`bibliography`
2802+The behavior of some of the readers and writers can be adjusted by
1288−: bibliography to use for resolving references
2803+enabling or disabling various extensions.
1290−`biblio-style`
2805+An extension can be enabled by adding `+EXTENSION`
1291−: bibliography style, when used with `--natbib` and
2806+to the format name and disabled by adding `-EXTENSION`. For example,
1292− `--biblatex`.
2807+`--from markdown_strict+footnotes` is strict Markdown with footnotes
2808+enabled, while `--from markdown-footnotes-pipe_tables` is pandoc's
2809+Markdown without footnotes or pipe tables.
1294−`biblatexoptions`
2811+The markdown reader and writer make by far the most use of extensions.
1295−: list of options for biblatex.
2812+Extensions only used by them are therefore covered in the
2813+section [Pandoc's Markdown] below (See [Markdown variants] for
2814+`commonmark` and `gfm`.) In the following, extensions that also work
2815+for other formats are covered.
1297−[`article`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/article
2817+Note that markdown extensions added to the `ipynb` format
1298−[`report`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/report
2818+affect Markdown cells in Jupyter notebooks (as do command-line
1299−[`book`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/book
2819+options like `--atx-headers`).
1300−[KOMA-Script]: https://ctan.org/pkg/koma-script
1301−[`memoir`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/memoir
1302−[predefined LaTeX colors]: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Colors#Predefined_colors
1303−[LaTeX Font Catalogue]: http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/
1304−[`mathpazo`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/mathpazo
1305−[LaTeX font encodings]: https://ctan.org/pkg/encguide
1307−Variables for ConTeXt
2821+## Typography
1308−---------------------
1310−`papersize`
2823+#### Extension: `smart` ####
1311−: paper size, e.g. `letter`, `A4`, `landscape` (see [ConTeXt Paper Setup]);
1312− may be repeated for multiple options
1314−`layout`
2825+Interpret straight quotes as curly quotes, `---` as em-dashes,
1315−: options for page margins and text arrangement (see [ConTeXt Layout]);
2826+`--` as en-dashes, and `...` as ellipses. Nonbreaking spaces are
1316− may be repeated for multiple options
2827+inserted after certain abbreviations, such as "Mr."
1318−`margin-left`, `margin-right`, `margin-top`, `margin-bottom`
2829+This extension can be enabled/disabled for the following formats:
1319−: sets margins, if `layout` is not used (otherwise `layout`
1322−`fontsize`
2831+input formats
1323−: font size for body text (e.g. `10pt`, `12pt`)
2832+: `markdown`, `commonmark`, `latex`, `mediawiki`, `org`, `rst`, `twiki`
1325−`mainfont`, `sansfont`, `monofont`, `mathfont`
2834+output formats
1326−: font families: take the name of any system font (see [ConTeXt Font Switching])
2835+: `markdown`, `latex`, `context`, `rst`
1328−`linkcolor`, `contrastcolor`
2837+enabled by default in
1329−: color for links outside and inside a page, e.g. `red`, `blue` (see [ConTeXt Color])
2838+: `markdown`, `latex`, `context` (both input and output)
1331−`linkstyle`
2840+Note: If you are *writing* Markdown, then the `smart` extension
1332−: typeface style for links, e.g. `normal`, `bold`, `slanted`, `boldslanted`, `type`, `cap`, `small`
2841+has the reverse effect: what would have been curly quotes comes
1334−`indenting`
2844+In LaTeX, `smart` means to use the standard TeX ligatures
1335−: controls indentation of paragraphs, e.g. `yes,small,next` (see [ConTeXt Indentation]);
2845+for quotation marks (` `` ` and ` '' ` for double quotes,
1336− may be repeated for multiple options
2846+`` ` `` and `` ' `` for single quotes) and dashes (`--` for
2847+en-dash and `---` for em-dash). If `smart` is disabled,
2848+then in reading LaTeX pandoc will parse these characters
2849+literally. In writing LaTeX, enabling `smart` tells pandoc
2850+to use the ligatures when possible; if `smart` is disabled
2851+pandoc will use unicode quotation mark and dash characters.
1338−`whitespace`
2853+## Headings and sections
1339−: spacing between paragraphs, e.g. `none`, `small` (using [`setupwhitespace`])
1341−`interlinespace`
2855+#### Extension: `auto_identifiers` ####
1342−: adjusts line spacing, e.g. `4ex` (using [`setupinterlinespace`]);
1343− may be repeated for multiple options
1345−`headertext`, `footertext`
2857+A heading without an explicitly specified identifier will be
1346−: text to be placed in running header or footer (see [ConTeXt Headers and Footers]);
2858+automatically assigned a unique identifier based on the heading text.
1347− may be repeated up to four times for different placement
1349−`pagenumbering`
2860+This extension can be enabled/disabled for the following formats:
1350−: page number style and location (using [`setuppagenumbering`]);
1351− may be repeated for multiple options
1353−`toc`
2862+input formats
1354−: include table of contents (can also be set using `--toc/--table-of-contents`)
2863+: `markdown`, `latex`, `rst`, `mediawiki`, `textile`
1356−`lof`, `lot`
2865+output formats
1357−: include list of figures, list of tables
2866+: `markdown`, `muse`
1359−[ConTeXt Paper Setup]: http://wiki.contextgarden.net/PaperSetup
2868+enabled by default in
1360−[ConTeXt Layout]: http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Layout
2869+: `markdown`, `muse`
1361−[ConTeXt Font Switching]: http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Font_Switching
1362−[ConTeXt Color]: http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Color
1363−[ConTeXt Headers and Footers]: http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Headers_and_Footers
1364−[ConTeXt Indentation]: http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Indentation
1365−[`setupwhitespace`]: http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Command/setupwhitespace
1366−[`setupinterlinespace`]: http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Command/setupinterlinespace
1367−[`setuppagenumbering`]: http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Command/setuppagenumbering
1369−Variables for man pages
2871+The default algorithm used to derive the identifier from the
1370−-----------------------
2872+heading text is:
1372−`section`
2874+ - Remove all formatting, links, etc.
1373−: section number in man pages
2875+ - Remove all footnotes.
2876+ - Remove all non-alphanumeric characters,
2877+ except underscores, hyphens, and periods.
2878+ - Replace all spaces and newlines with hyphens.
2879+ - Convert all alphabetic characters to lowercase.
2880+ - Remove everything up to the first letter (identifiers may
2881+ not begin with a number or punctuation mark).
2882+ - If nothing is left after this, use the identifier `section`.
1375−`header`
2884+Thus, for example,
1376−: header in man pages
1378−`footer`
2886+ Heading Identifier
1379−: footer in man pages
2887+ ------------------------------- ----------------------------
2888+ `Heading identifiers in HTML` `heading-identifiers-in-html`
2889+ `Maître d'hôtel` `maître-dhôtel`
2890+ `*Dogs*?--in *my* house?` `dogs--in-my-house`
2891+ `[HTML], [S5], or [RTF]?` `html-s5-or-rtf`
2892+ `3. Applications` `applications`
1381−`adjusting`
2895+These rules should, in most cases, allow one to determine the identifier
1382−: adjusts text to left (`l`), right (`r`), center (`c`),
2896+from the heading text. The exception is when several headings have the
1383− or both (`b`) margins
2897+same text; in this case, the first will get an identifier as described
2898+above; the second will get the same identifier with `-1` appended; the
2899+third with `-2`; and so on.
1385−`hyphenate`
2901+(However, a different algorithm is used if
1386−: if `true` (the default), hyphenation will be used
2902+`gfm_auto_identifiers` is enabled; see below.)
2904+These identifiers are used to provide link targets in the table of
2905+contents generated by the `--toc|--table-of-contents` option. They
2906+also make it easy to provide links from one section of a document to
2907+another. A link to this section, for example, might look like this:
1388−Using variables in templates
2909+ See the section on
1389−----------------------------
2910+ [heading identifiers](#heading-identifiers-in-html-latex-and-context).
1391−Variable names are sequences of alphanumerics, `-`, and `_`,
2912+Note, however, that this method of providing links to sections works
1392−starting with a letter. A variable name surrounded by `$` signs
2913+only in HTML, LaTeX, and ConTeXt formats.
1393−will be replaced by its value. For example, the string `$title$` in
1395− <title>$title$</title>
2915+If the `--section-divs` option is specified, then each section will
2916+be wrapped in a `section` (or a `div`, if `html4` was specified),
2917+and the identifier will be attached to the enclosing `<section>`
2918+(or `<div>`) tag rather than the heading itself. This allows entire
2919+sections to be manipulated using JavaScript or treated differently in
1397−will be replaced by the document title.
2922+#### Extension: `ascii_identifiers` ####
1399−To write a literal `$` in a template, use `$$`.
2924+Causes the identifiers produced by `auto_identifiers` to be pure ASCII.
2925+Accents are stripped off of accented Latin letters, and non-Latin
2926+letters are omitted.
1401−Templates may contain conditionals. The syntax is as follows:
2928+#### Extension: `gfm_auto_identifiers` ####
1403− $if(variable)$
2930+Changes the algorithm used by `auto_identifiers` to conform to
1404− X
2931+GitHub's method. Spaces are converted to dashes (`-`),
1405− $else$
2932+uppercase characters to lowercase characters, and punctuation
1406− Y
2933+characters other than `-` and `_` are removed.
1407− $endif$
2934+Emojis are replaced by their names.
1409−This will include `X` in the template if `variable` has a non-null
2936+## Math Input
1410−value; otherwise it will include `Y`. `X` and `Y` are placeholders for
1411−any valid template text, and may include interpolated variables or other
1412−conditionals. The `$else$` section may be omitted.
1414−When variables can have multiple values (for example, `author` in
2938+The extensions [`tex_math_dollars`](#extension-tex_math_dollars),
1415−a multi-author document), you can use the `$for$` keyword:
2939+[`tex_math_single_backslash`](#extension-tex_math_single_backslash), and
2940+[`tex_math_double_backslash`](#extension-tex_math_double_backslash)
2941+are described in the section about Pandoc's Markdown.
1417− $for(author)$
2943+However, they can also be used with HTML input. This is handy for
1418− <meta name="author" content="$author$" />
2944+reading web pages formatted using MathJax, for example.
1421−You can optionally specify a separator to be used between
2946+## Raw HTML/TeX
1424− $for(author)$$author$$sep$, $endfor$
2948+The following extensions are described in more detail in
2949+their respective sections of [Pandoc's Markdown]:
1426−A dot can be used to select a field of a variable that takes
2951+- [`raw_html`](#extension-raw_html) allows HTML elements which
1427−an object as its value. So, for example:
2952+ are not representable in pandoc's AST to be parsed as raw HTML.
2953+ By default, this is disabled for HTML input.
1429− $author.name$ ($author.affiliation$)
2955+- [`raw_tex`](#extension-raw_tex) allows raw LaTeX, TeX, and ConTeXt
2956+ to be included in a document. This extension can be enabled/disabled
2957+ for the following formats (in addition to `markdown`):
1431−If you use custom templates, you may need to revise them as pandoc
2959+ input formats
1432−changes. We recommend tracking the changes in the default templates,
2960+ : `latex`, `textile`, `html` (environments, `\ref`, and
1433−and modifying your custom templates accordingly. An easy way to do this
2961+ `\eqref` only), `ipynb`
1434−is to fork the [pandoc-templates] repository and merge in changes after each
1437−[pandoc-templates]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc-templates
2963+ output formats
2964+ : `textile`, `commonmark`
2966+ Note: as applied to `ipynb`, `raw_html` and `raw_tex` affect not
2967+ only raw TeX in markdown cells, but data with mime type
2968+ `text/html` in output cells. Since the `ipynb` reader attempts
2969+ to preserve the richest possible outputs when several options
2970+ are given, you will get best results if you disable `raw_html`
2971+ and `raw_tex` when converting to formats like `docx` which don't
2972+ allow raw `html` or `tex`.
2974+- [`native_divs`](#extension-native_divs) causes HTML `div`
2975+ elements to be parsed as native pandoc Div blocks.
2976+ If you want them to be parsed as raw HTML, use
2977+ `-f html-native_divs+raw_html`.
2979+- [`native_spans`](#extension-native_spans) causes HTML `span`
2980+ elements to be parsed as native pandoc Span inlines.
2981+ If you want them to be parsed as raw HTML, use
2982+ `-f html-native_spans+raw_html`. If you want to drop all
2983+ `div`s and `span`s when converting HTML to Markdown, you
2984+ can use `pandoc -f html-native_divs-native_spans -t markdown`.
2986+## Literate Haskell support
2988+#### Extension: `literate_haskell` ####
2990+Treat the document as literate Haskell source.
2992+This extension can be enabled/disabled for the following formats:
2995+: `markdown`, `rst`, `latex`
2998+: `markdown`, `rst`, `latex`, `html`
3000+If you append `+lhs` (or `+literate_haskell`) to one of the formats
3001+above, pandoc will treat the document as literate Haskell source.
3004+ - In Markdown input, "bird track" sections will be parsed as Haskell
3005+ code rather than block quotations. Text between `\begin{code}`
3006+ and `\end{code}` will also be treated as Haskell code. For
3007+ ATX-style headings the character '=' will be used instead of '#'.
3009+ - In Markdown output, code blocks with classes `haskell` and `literate`
3010+ will be rendered using bird tracks, and block quotations will be
3011+ indented one space, so they will not be treated as Haskell code.
3012+ In addition, headings will be rendered setext-style (with underlines)
3013+ rather than ATX-style (with '#' characters). (This is because ghc
3014+ treats '#' characters in column 1 as introducing line numbers.)
3016+ - In restructured text input, "bird track" sections will be parsed
3019+ - In restructured text output, code blocks with class `haskell` will
3020+ be rendered using bird tracks.
3022+ - In LaTeX input, text in `code` environments will be parsed as
3025+ - In LaTeX output, code blocks with class `haskell` will be rendered
3026+ inside `code` environments.
3028+ - In HTML output, code blocks with class `haskell` will be rendered
3029+ with class `literatehaskell` and bird tracks.
3033+ pandoc -f markdown+lhs -t html
3035+reads literate Haskell source formatted with Markdown conventions and writes
3036+ordinary HTML (without bird tracks).
3038+ pandoc -f markdown+lhs -t html+lhs
3040+writes HTML with the Haskell code in bird tracks, so it can be copied
3041+and pasted as literate Haskell source.
3043+Note that GHC expects the bird tracks in the first column, so indented
3044+literate code blocks (e.g. inside an itemized environment) will not be
3045+picked up by the Haskell compiler.
3049+#### Extension: `empty_paragraphs` ####
3051+Allows empty paragraphs. By default empty paragraphs are
3054+This extension can be enabled/disabled for the following formats:
3060+: `docx`, `odt`, `opendocument`, `html`
3062+#### Extension: `native_numbering` ####
3064+Enables native numbering of figures and tables. Enumeration
3067+This extension can be enabled/disabled for the following formats:
3070+: `odt`, `opendocument`
3072+#### Extension: `xrefs_name` ####
3074+Links to headings, figures and tables inside the document are
3075+substituted with cross-references that will use the name or caption
3076+of the referenced item. The original link text is replaced once
3077+the generated document is refreshed. This extension can be combined
3078+with `xrefs_number` in which case numbers will appear before the
3081+Text in cross-references is only made consistent with the referenced
3082+item once the document has been refreshed.
3084+This extension can be enabled/disabled for the following formats:
3087+: `odt`, `opendocument`
3089+#### Extension: `xrefs_number` ####
3091+Links to headings, figures and tables inside the document are
3092+substituted with cross-references that will use the number
3093+of the referenced item. The original link text is discarded.
3094+This extension can be combined with `xrefs_name` in which case
3095+the name or caption numbers will appear after the number.
3097+For the `xrefs_number` to be useful heading numbers must be enabled
3098+in the generated document, also table and figure captions must be enabled
3099+using for example the `native_numbering` extension.
3101+Numbers in cross-references are only visible in the final document once
3102+it has been refreshed.
3104+This extension can be enabled/disabled for the following formats:
3107+: `odt`, `opendocument`
3109+#### Extension: `styles` #### {#ext-styles}
3111+When converting from docx, read all docx styles as divs (for
3112+paragraph styles) and spans (for character styles) regardless
3113+of whether pandoc understands the meaning of these styles.
3114+This can be used with [docx custom styles](#custom-styles).
3115+Disabled by default.
3120+#### Extension: `amuse` ####
3122+In the `muse` input format, this enables Text::Amuse
3123+extensions to Emacs Muse markup.
3125+#### Extension: `raw_markdown` ####
3127+In the `ipynb` input format, this causes Markdown cells
3128+to be included as raw Markdown blocks (allowing lossless
3129+round-tripping) rather than being parsed. Use this only
3130+when you are targeting `ipynb` or a markdown-based
3133+#### Extension: `citations` {#org-citations}
1439−Pandoc's Markdown
3135+Some aspects of [Pandoc's Markdown citation syntax](#citations)
1440−=================
3136+are also accepted in `org` input.
3138+#### Extension: `element_citations` ####
3140+In the `jats` output formats, this causes reference items to
3141+be replaced with `<element-citation>` elements. These
3142+elements are not influenced by CSL styles, but all information
3143+on the item is included in tags.
3145+#### Extension: `ntb` ####
3147+In the `context` output format this enables the use of [Natural Tables
3148+(TABLE)](https://wiki.contextgarden.net/TABLE) instead of the default
3149+[Extreme Tables (xtables)](https://wiki.contextgarden.net/xtables).
3150+Natural tables allow more fine-grained global customization but come
3151+at a performance penalty compared to extreme tables.
1442Pandoc understands an extended and slightly revised version of
3156Pandoc understands an extended and slightly revised version of
1443John Gruber's [Markdown] syntax. This document explains the syntax,
3157John Gruber's [Markdown] syntax. This document explains the syntax,
1444noting differences from standard Markdown. Except where noted, these
3158noting differences from standard Markdown. Except where noted, these
1445differences can be suppressed by using the `markdown_strict` format instead
3159differences can be suppressed by using the `markdown_strict` format instead
1446−of `markdown`. An extensions can be enabled by adding `+EXTENSION`
3160+of `markdown`. Extensions can be enabled or disabled to specify the
1447−to the format name and disabled by adding `-EXTENSION`. For example,
3161+behavior more granularly. They are described in the following. See also
1448−`markdown_strict+footnotes` is strict Markdown with footnotes
3162+[Extensions] above, for extensions that work also on other formats.
1449−enabled, while `markdown-footnotes-pipe_tables` is pandoc's
1450−Markdown without footnotes or pipe tables.
1452−Philosophy
3164+## Philosophy
1455Markdown is designed to be easy to write, and, even more importantly,
3166Markdown is designed to be easy to write, and, even more importantly,
1456easy to read:
3167easy to read:
@@ -1458,7 +3169,7 @@ easy to read:
1458> A Markdown-formatted document should be publishable as-is, as plain
3169> A Markdown-formatted document should be publishable as-is, as plain
1459> text, without looking like it's been marked up with tags or formatting
3170> text, without looking like it's been marked up with tags or formatting
1460> instructions.
3171> instructions.
1461−> -- [John Gruber](http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax#philosophy)
3172+> -- [John Gruber](https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax#philosophy)
1463This principle has guided pandoc's decisions in finding syntax for
3174This principle has guided pandoc's decisions in finding syntax for
1464tables, footnotes, and other extensions.
3175tables, footnotes, and other extensions.
@@ -1471,8 +3182,7 @@ it discourages it, and provides other, non-HTMLish ways of representing
1471important document elements like definition lists, tables, mathematics, and
3182important document elements like definition lists, tables, mathematics, and
1472footnotes.
3183footnotes.
1474−Paragraphs
3185+## Paragraphs
1477A paragraph is one or more lines of text followed by one or more blank lines.
3187A paragraph is one or more lines of text followed by one or more blank lines.
1478Newlines are treated as spaces, so you can reflow your paragraphs as you like.
3188Newlines are treated as spaces, so you can reflow your paragraphs as you like.
@@ -1485,43 +3195,42 @@ Note: in multiline and grid table cells, this is the only way
1485to create a hard line break, since trailing spaces in the cells
3195to create a hard line break, since trailing spaces in the cells
1486are ignored.
3196are ignored.
1488−Headers
3198+## Headings
1491−There are two kinds of headers: Setext and ATX.
3200+There are two kinds of headings: Setext and ATX.
1493−### Setext-style headers ###
3202+### Setext-style headings ###
1495−A setext-style header is a line of text "underlined" with a row of `=` signs
3204+A setext-style heading is a line of text "underlined" with a row of `=` signs
1496−(for a level one header) or `-` signs (for a level two header):
3205+(for a level-one heading) or `-` signs (for a level-two heading):
1498− A level-one header
3207+ A level-one heading
1499− ==================
3208+ ===================
1501− A level-two header
3210+ A level-two heading
1502− ------------------
3211+ -------------------
1504−The header text can contain inline formatting, such as emphasis (see
3213+The heading text can contain inline formatting, such as emphasis (see
1505[Inline formatting], below).
3214[Inline formatting], below).
1508−### ATX-style headers ###
3217+### ATX-style headings ###
1510−An ATX-style header consists of one to six `#` signs and a line of
3219+An ATX-style heading consists of one to six `#` signs and a line of
1511text, optionally followed by any number of `#` signs. The number of
3220text, optionally followed by any number of `#` signs. The number of
1512−`#` signs at the beginning of the line is the header level:
3221+`#` signs at the beginning of the line is the heading level:
1514− ## A level-two header
3223+ ## A level-two heading
1516− ### A level-three header ###
3225+ ### A level-three heading ###
1518−As with setext-style headers, the header text can contain formatting:
3227+As with setext-style headings, the heading text can contain formatting:
1520− # A level-one header with a [link](/url) and *emphasis*
3229+ # A level-one heading with a [link](/url) and *emphasis*
1522#### Extension: `blank_before_header` ####
3231#### Extension: `blank_before_header` ####
1524−Standard Markdown syntax does not require a blank line before a header.
3233+Standard Markdown syntax does not require a blank line before a heading.
1525Pandoc does require this (except, of course, at the beginning of the
3234Pandoc does require this (except, of course, at the beginning of the
1526document). The reason for the requirement is that it is all too easy for a
3235document). The reason for the requirement is that it is all too easy for a
1527`#` to end up at the beginning of a line by accident (perhaps through line
3236`#` to end up at the beginning of a line by accident (perhaps through line
@@ -1530,24 +3239,33 @@ wrapping). Consider, for example:
1530 I like several of their flavors of ice cream:
3239 I like several of their flavors of ice cream:
1531 #22, for example, and #5.
3240 #22, for example, and #5.
3242+#### Extension: `space_in_atx_header` ####
3244+Many Markdown implementations do not require a space between the
3245+opening `#`s of an ATX heading and the heading text, so that
3246+`#5 bolt` and `#hashtag` count as headings. With this extension,
3247+pandoc does require the space.
1534−### Header identifiers ###
3249+### Heading identifiers ###
3251+See also the [`auto_identifiers`
3252+extension](#extension-auto_identifiers) above.
1536#### Extension: `header_attributes` ####
3254#### Extension: `header_attributes` ####
1538−Headers can be assigned attributes using this syntax at the end
3256+Headings can be assigned attributes using this syntax at the end
1539−of the line containing the header text:
3257+of the line containing the heading text:
1541 {#identifier .class .class key=value key=value}
3259 {#identifier .class .class key=value key=value}
1543−Thus, for example, the following headers will all be assigned the identifier
3261+Thus, for example, the following headings will all be assigned the identifier
1546− # My header {#foo}
3264+ # My heading {#foo}
1548− ## My header ## {#foo}
3266+ ## My heading ## {#foo}
1550− My other header {#foo}
3268+ My other heading {#foo}
1551 ---------------
3269 ---------------
1553(This syntax is compatible with [PHP Markdown Extra].)
3271(This syntax is compatible with [PHP Markdown Extra].)
@@ -1556,100 +3274,56 @@ Note that although this syntax allows assignment of classes and key/value
1556attributes, writers generally don't use all of this information. Identifiers,
3274attributes, writers generally don't use all of this information. Identifiers,
1557classes, and key/value attributes are used in HTML and HTML-based formats such
3275classes, and key/value attributes are used in HTML and HTML-based formats such
1558as EPUB and slidy. Identifiers are used for labels and link anchors in the
3276as EPUB and slidy. Identifiers are used for labels and link anchors in the
1559−LaTeX, ConTeXt, Textile, and AsciiDoc writers.
3277+LaTeX, ConTeXt, Textile, Jira markup, and AsciiDoc writers.
1561−Headers with the class `unnumbered` will not be numbered, even if
3279+Headings with the class `unnumbered` will not be numbered, even if
1562`--number-sections` is specified. A single hyphen (`-`) in an attribute
3280`--number-sections` is specified. A single hyphen (`-`) in an attribute
1563context is equivalent to `.unnumbered`, and preferable in non-English
3281context is equivalent to `.unnumbered`, and preferable in non-English
1564documents. So,
3282documents. So,
1566− # My header {-}
3284+ # My heading {-}
1568is just the same as
3286is just the same as
1570− # My header {.unnumbered}
3288+ # My heading {.unnumbered}
1572−#### Extension: `auto_identifiers` ####
1574−A header without an explicitly specified identifier will be
1575−automatically assigned a unique identifier based on the header text.
1576−To derive the identifier from the header text,
1578− - Remove all formatting, links, etc.
1579− - Remove all footnotes.
1580− - Remove all punctuation, except underscores, hyphens, and periods.
1581− - Replace all spaces and newlines with hyphens.
1582− - Convert all alphabetic characters to lowercase.
1583− - Remove everything up to the first letter (identifiers may
1584− not begin with a number or punctuation mark).
1585− - If nothing is left after this, use the identifier `section`.
1590− ------------------------------- ----------------------------
1591− `Header identifiers in HTML` `header-identifiers-in-html`
1592− `*Dogs*?--in *my* house?` `dogs--in-my-house`
1593− `[HTML], [S5], or [RTF]?` `html-s5-or-rtf`
1594− `3. Applications` `applications`
1597−These rules should, in most cases, allow one to determine the identifier
1598−from the header text. The exception is when several headers have the
1599−same text; in this case, the first will get an identifier as described
1600−above; the second will get the same identifier with `-1` appended; the
1601−third with `-2`; and so on.
1603−These identifiers are used to provide link targets in the table of
1604−contents generated by the `--toc|--table-of-contents` option. They
1605−also make it easy to provide links from one section of a document to
1606−another. A link to this section, for example, might look like this:
1609− [header identifiers](#header-identifiers-in-html-latex-and-context).
1611−Note, however, that this method of providing links to sections works
1612−only in HTML, LaTeX, and ConTeXt formats.
1614−If the `--section-divs` option is specified, then each section will
3290+If the `unlisted` class is present in addition to `unnumbered`,
1615−be wrapped in a `div` (or a `section`, if `--html5` was specified),
3291+the heading will not be included in a table of contents.
1616−and the identifier will be attached to the enclosing `<div>`
3292+(Currently this feature is only implemented for certain
1617−(or `<section>`) tag rather than the header itself. This allows entire
3293+formats: those based on LaTeX and HTML, PowerPoint, and RTF.)
1618−sections to be manipulated using javascript or treated differently in
1621#### Extension: `implicit_header_references` ####
3295#### Extension: `implicit_header_references` ####
1623−Pandoc behaves as if reference links have been defined for each header.
3297+Pandoc behaves as if reference links have been defined for each heading.
1624−So, to link to a header
3298+So, to link to a heading
1626− # Header identifiers in HTML
3300+ # Heading identifiers in HTML
1628you can simply write
3302you can simply write
1630− [Header identifiers in HTML]
3304+ [Heading identifiers in HTML]
1634− [Header identifiers in HTML][]
3308+ [Heading identifiers in HTML][]
1638− [the section on header identifiers][header identifiers in
3312+ [the section on heading identifiers][heading identifiers in
1641instead of giving the identifier explicitly:
3315instead of giving the identifier explicitly:
1643− [Header identifiers in HTML](#header-identifiers-in-html)
3317+ [Heading identifiers in HTML](#heading-identifiers-in-html)
1645−If there are multiple headers with identical text, the corresponding
3319+If there are multiple headings with identical text, the corresponding
1646reference will link to the first one only, and you will need to use explicit
3320reference will link to the first one only, and you will need to use explicit
1647links to link to the others, as described above.
3321links to link to the others, as described above.
1649Like regular reference links, these references are case-insensitive.
3323Like regular reference links, these references are case-insensitive.
1651Explicit link reference definitions always take priority over
3325Explicit link reference definitions always take priority over
1652−implicit header references. So, in the following example, the
3326+implicit heading references. So, in the following example, the
1653link will point to `bar`, not to `#foo`:
3327link will point to `bar`, not to `#foo`:
@@ -1658,12 +3332,11 @@ link will point to `bar`, not to `#foo`:
1659 See [foo]
3333 See [foo]
1661−Block quotations
3335+## Block quotations
1664Markdown uses email conventions for quoting blocks of text.
3337Markdown uses email conventions for quoting blocks of text.
1665A block quotation is one or more paragraphs or other block elements
3338A block quotation is one or more paragraphs or other block elements
1666−(such as lists or headers), with each line preceded by a `>` character
3339+(such as lists or headings), with each line preceded by a `>` character
1667and an optional space. (The `>` need not start at the left margin, but
3340and an optional space. (The `>` need not start at the left margin, but
1668it should not be indented more than three spaces.)
3341it should not be indented more than three spaces.)
@@ -1698,19 +3371,19 @@ block in a block quote, you need five spaces after the `>`:
1699#### Extension: `blank_before_blockquote` ####
3372#### Extension: `blank_before_blockquote` ####
1701−Standard Markdown syntax does not require a blank line before a block
3374+Standard Markdown syntax does not require a blank line before a
1702−quote. Pandoc does require this (except, of course, at the beginning of the
3375+block quote. Pandoc does require this (except, of course, at
1703−document). The reason for the requirement is that it is all too easy for a
3376+the beginning of the document). The reason for the requirement
3377+is that it is all too easy for a `>` to end up at the beginning
1704−`>` to end up at the beginning of a line by accident (perhaps through line
3378+of a line by accident (perhaps through line wrapping). So,
1705−wrapping). So, unless the `markdown_strict` format is used, the following does
3379+unless the `markdown_strict` format is used, the following does
1706not produce a nested block quote in pandoc:
3380not produce a nested block quote in pandoc:
1708 > This is a block quote.
3382 > This is a block quote.
1709 >> Nested.
3383 >> Nested.
1712−Verbatim (code) blocks
3386+## Verbatim (code) blocks
1713−----------------------
1715### Indented code blocks ###
3388### Indented code blocks ###
@@ -1772,13 +3445,16 @@ this syntax:
1772 qsort (filter (>= x) xs)
3445 qsort (filter (>= x) xs)
1773 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3446 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1775−Here `mycode` is an identifier, `haskell` and `numberLines` are classes, and
3448+Here `mycode` is an identifier, `haskell` and `numberLines` are
1776−`startFrom` is an attribute with value `100`. Some output formats can use this
3449+classes, and `startFrom` is an attribute with value `100`. Some
3450+output formats can use this information to do syntax
1777−information to do syntax highlighting. Currently, the only output formats
3451+highlighting. Currently, the only output formats that uses this
1778−that uses this information are HTML and LaTeX. If highlighting is supported
3452+information are HTML, LaTeX, Docx, Ms, and PowerPoint. If
3453+highlighting is supported for your output format and language,
1779−for your output format and language, then the code block above will appear
3454+then the code block above will appear highlighted, with numbered
1780−highlighted, with numbered lines. (To see which languages are supported, do
3455+lines. (To see which languages are supported, type `pandoc
1781−`pandoc --version`.) Otherwise, the code block above will appear as follows:
3456+--list-highlight-languages`.) Otherwise, the code block above
3457+will appear as follows:
1783 <pre id="mycode" class="haskell numberLines" startFrom="100">
3459 <pre id="mycode" class="haskell numberLines" startFrom="100">
@@ -1786,6 +3462,12 @@ highlighted, with numbered lines. (To see which languages are supported, do
3465+The `numberLines` (or `number-lines`) class will cause the lines
3466+of the code block to be numbered, starting with `1` or the value
3467+of the `startFrom` attribute. The `lineAnchors` (or
3468+`line-anchors`) class will cause the lines to be clickable
3469+anchors in HTML output.
1789A shortcut form can also be used for specifying the language of
3471A shortcut form can also be used for specifying the language of
1790the code block:
3472the code block:
@@ -1800,7 +3482,7 @@ This is equivalent to:
1802If the `fenced_code_attributes` extension is disabled, but
3484If the `fenced_code_attributes` extension is disabled, but
1803−input contains class attribute(s) for the codeblock, the first
3485+input contains class attribute(s) for the code block, the first
1804class attribute will be printed after the opening fence as a bare
3486class attribute will be printed after the opening fence as a bare
@@ -1809,8 +3491,7 @@ To set the highlighting style, use `--highlight-style`.
1809For more information on highlighting, see [Syntax highlighting],
3491For more information on highlighting, see [Syntax highlighting],
1812−Line blocks
3494+## Line blocks
1815#### Extension: `line_blocks` ####
3496#### Extension: `line_blocks` ####
@@ -1836,10 +3517,12 @@ line must begin with a space.
1836 | 200 Main St.
3517 | 200 Main St.
1837 | Berkeley, CA 94718
3518 | Berkeley, CA 94718
3520+Inline formatting (such as emphasis) is allowed in the content,
3521+but not block-level formatting (such as block quotes or lists).
1839This syntax is borrowed from [reStructuredText].
3523This syntax is borrowed from [reStructuredText].
1844### Bullet lists ###
3527### Bullet lists ###
@@ -1877,12 +3560,12 @@ But Markdown also allows a "lazy" format:
1877 list item.
3560 list item.
1878 * and my second.
3561 * and my second.
1880−### The four-space rule ###
3563+### Block content in list items ###
1882A list item may contain multiple paragraphs and other block-level
3565A list item may contain multiple paragraphs and other block-level
1883content. However, subsequent paragraphs must be preceded by a blank line
3566content. However, subsequent paragraphs must be preceded by a blank line
1884−and indented four spaces or a tab. The list will look better if the first
3567+and indented to line up with the first non-space content after
1885−paragraph is aligned with the rest:
3568+the list marker.
1887 * First paragraph.
3570 * First paragraph.
@@ -1893,19 +3576,29 @@ paragraph is aligned with the rest:
1894 { code }
3577 { code }
3579+Exception: if the list marker is followed by an indented code
3580+block, which must begin 5 spaces after the list marker, then
3581+subsequent paragraphs must begin two columns after the last
3582+character of the list marker:
3586+ continuation paragraph
1896List items may include other lists. In this case the preceding blank
3588List items may include other lists. In this case the preceding blank
1897−line is optional. The nested list must be indented four spaces or
3589+line is optional. The nested list must be indented to line up with
1898−one tab:
3590+the first non-space character after the list marker of the
3591+containing list item.
1900 * fruits
3593 * fruits
1901− + apples
3594+ + apples
1902− - macintosh
3595+ - macintosh
1903− - red delicious
3596+ - red delicious
1904− + pears
3597+ + pears
1905− + peaches
3598+ + peaches
1906 * vegetables
3599 * vegetables
1907− + broccoli
3600+ + broccoli
1908− + chard
3601+ + chard
1910As noted above, Markdown allows you to write list items "lazily," instead of
3603As noted above, Markdown allows you to write list items "lazily," instead of
1911indenting continuation lines. However, if there are multiple paragraphs or
3604indenting continuation lines. However, if there are multiple paragraphs or
@@ -1920,21 +3613,6 @@ other blocks in a list item, the first line of each must be indented.
1920 Second paragraph of second
3613 Second paragraph of second
1921 list item.
3614 list item.
1923−**Note:** Although the four-space rule for continuation paragraphs
1924−comes from the official [Markdown syntax guide], the reference implementation,
1925−`Markdown.pl`, does not follow it. So pandoc will give different results than
1926−`Markdown.pl` when authors have indented continuation paragraphs fewer than
1929−The [Markdown syntax guide] is not explicit whether the four-space
1930−rule applies to *all* block-level content in a list item; it only
1931−mentions paragraphs and code blocks. But it implies that the rule
1932−applies to all block-level content (including nested lists), and
1933−pandoc interprets it that way.
1935− [Markdown syntax guide]:
1936− http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax#list
1938### Ordered lists ###
3616### Ordered lists ###
1940Ordered lists work just like bulleted lists, except that the items
3618Ordered lists work just like bulleted lists, except that the items
@@ -1958,7 +3636,7 @@ and this one:
1959Unlike standard Markdown, pandoc allows ordered list items to be marked
3637Unlike standard Markdown, pandoc allows ordered list items to be marked
1960with uppercase and lowercase letters and roman numerals, in addition to
3638with uppercase and lowercase letters and roman numerals, in addition to
1961−arabic numerals. List markers may be enclosed in parentheses or followed by a
3639+Arabic numerals. List markers may be enclosed in parentheses or followed by a
1962single right-parentheses or period. They must be separated from the
3640single right-parentheses or period. They must be separated from the
1963text that follows by at least one space, and, if the list marker is a
3641text that follows by at least one space, and, if the list marker is a
1964capital letter with a period, by at least two spaces.[^2]
3642capital letter with a period, by at least two spaces.[^2]
@@ -2014,6 +3692,12 @@ If default list markers are desired, use `#.`:
2015 #. three
3693 #. three
3695+#### Extension: `task_lists` ####
3697+Pandoc supports task lists, using the syntax of GitHub-Flavored Markdown.
3699+ - [ ] an unchecked task list item
2018### Definition lists ###
3702### Definition lists ###
@@ -2039,11 +3723,12 @@ a blank line, and must be followed by one or more definitions.
2039A definition begins with a colon or tilde, which may be indented one
3723A definition begins with a colon or tilde, which may be indented one
2040or two spaces.
3724or two spaces.
2042−A term may have multiple definitions, and each definition may consist of one or
3726+A term may have multiple definitions, and each definition may
2043−more block elements (paragraph, code block, list, etc.), each indented four
3727+consist of one or more block elements (paragraph, code block,
3728+list, etc.), each indented four spaces or one tab stop. The
2044−spaces or one tab stop. The body of the definition (including the first line,
3729+body of the definition (including the first line, aside from the
2045−aside from the colon or tilde) should be indented four spaces. However,
3730+colon or tilde) should be indented four spaces. However, as with
2046−as with other Markdown lists, you can "lazily" omit indentation except
3731+other Markdown lists, you can "lazily" omit indentation except
2047at the beginning of a paragraph or other block element:
3732at the beginning of a paragraph or other block element:
@@ -2069,9 +3754,10 @@ definition:
2069Note that space between items in a definition list is required.
3754Note that space between items in a definition list is required.
2070(A variant that loosens this requirement, but disallows "lazy"
3755(A variant that loosens this requirement, but disallows "lazy"
2071hard wrapping, can be activated with `compact_definition_lists`: see
3756hard wrapping, can be activated with `compact_definition_lists`: see
2072−[Non-pandoc extensions], below.)
3757+[Non-default extensions], below.)
2074−[^3]: I have been influenced by the suggestions of [David Wheeler](http://www.justatheory.com/computers/markup/modest-markdown-proposal.html).
3759+[^3]: I have been influenced by the suggestions of [David
3760+ Wheeler](https://justatheory.com/2009/02/modest-markdown-proposal/).
2076### Numbered example lists ###
3762### Numbered example lists ###
@@ -2097,33 +3783,15 @@ document:
2098 As (@good) illustrates, ...
3784 As (@good) illustrates, ...
2100−The label can be any string of alphanumeric characters, underscores,
3786+The label can be any string of alphanumeric characters, underscores,
2101−or hyphens.
3787+or hyphens.
2104−### Compact and loose lists ###
2106−Pandoc behaves differently from `Markdown.pl` on some "edge
2107−cases" involving lists. Consider this source:
2117−Pandoc transforms this into a "compact list" (with no `<p>` tags around
3789+Note: continuation paragraphs in example lists must always
2118−"First", "Second", or "Third"), while Markdown puts `<p>` tags around
3790+be indented four spaces, regardless of the length of the
2119−"Second" and "Third" (but not "First"), because of the blank space
3791+list marker. That is, example lists always behave as if the
2120−around "Third". Pandoc follows a simple rule: if the text is followed by
3792+`four_space_rule` extension is set. This is because example
2121−a blank line, it is treated as a paragraph. Since "Second" is followed
3793+labels tend to be long, and indenting content to the
2122−by a list, and not a blank line, it isn't treated as a paragraph. The
3794+first non-space character after the label would be awkward.
2123−fact that the list is followed by a blank line is irrelevant. (Note:
2124−Pandoc works this way even when the `markdown_strict` format is specified. This
2125−behavior is consistent with the official Markdown syntax description,
2126−even though it is different from that of `Markdown.pl`.)
2129### Ending a list ###
3797### Ending a list ###
@@ -2163,8 +3831,7 @@ of one big list:
2166−Horizontal rules
3834+## Horizontal rules
2169A line containing a row of three or more `*`, `-`, or `_` characters
3836A line containing a row of three or more `*`, `-`, or `_` characters
2170(optionally separated by spaces) produces a horizontal rule:
3837(optionally separated by spaces) produces a horizontal rule:
@@ -2174,8 +3841,7 @@ A line containing a row of three or more `*`, `-`, or `_` characters
2174 ---------------
3841 ---------------
2177−Tables
3844+## Tables
2180Four kinds of tables may be used. The first three kinds presuppose the use of
3846Four kinds of tables may be used. The first three kinds presuppose the use of
2181a fixed-width font, such as Courier. The fourth kind can be used with
3847a fixed-width font, such as Courier. The fourth kind can be used with
@@ -2200,7 +3866,7 @@ Simple tables look like this:
2201 Table: Demonstration of simple table syntax.
3867 Table: Demonstration of simple table syntax.
2203−The headers and table rows must each fit on one line. Column
3869+The header and table rows must each fit on one line. Column
2204alignments are determined by the position of the header text relative
3870alignments are determined by the position of the header text relative
2205to the dashed line below it:[^4]
3871to the dashed line below it:[^4]
@@ -2219,7 +3885,7 @@ to the dashed line below it:[^4]
2219The table must end with a blank line, or a line of dashes followed by
3885The table must end with a blank line, or a line of dashes followed by
2220a blank line.
3886a blank line.
2222−The column headers may be omitted, provided a dashed line is used
3888+The column header row may be omitted, provided a dashed line is used
2223to end the table. For example:
3889to end the table. For example:
2225 ------- ------ ---------- -------
3891 ------- ------ ---------- -------
@@ -2228,13 +3894,13 @@ to end the table. For example:
2229 ------- ------ ---------- -------
3895 ------- ------ ---------- -------
2231−When headers are omitted, column alignments are determined on the basis
3897+When the header row is omitted, column alignments are determined on the basis
2232of the first line of the table body. So, in the tables above, the columns
3898of the first line of the table body. So, in the tables above, the columns
2233would be right, left, center, and right aligned, respectively.
3899would be right, left, center, and right aligned, respectively.
2235#### Extension: `multiline_tables` ####
3901#### Extension: `multiline_tables` ####
2237−Multiline tables allow headers and table rows to span multiple lines
3903+Multiline tables allow header and table rows to span multiple lines
2238of text (but cells that span multiple columns or rows of the table are
3904of text (but cells that span multiple columns or rows of the table are
2239not supported). Here is an example:
3905not supported). Here is an example:
@@ -2256,7 +3922,7 @@ not supported). Here is an example:
2256These work like simple tables, but with the following differences:
3922These work like simple tables, but with the following differences:
2258 - They must begin with a row of dashes, before the header text
3924 - They must begin with a row of dashes, before the header text
2259− (unless the headers are omitted).
3925+ (unless the header row is omitted).
2260 - They must end with a row of dashes, then a blank line.
3926 - They must end with a row of dashes, then a blank line.
2261 - The rows must be separated by blank lines.
3927 - The rows must be separated by blank lines.
@@ -2265,7 +3931,7 @@ the columns, and the writers try to reproduce these relative widths in
2265the output. So, if you find that one of the columns is too narrow in the
3931the output. So, if you find that one of the columns is too narrow in the
2266output, try widening it in the Markdown source.
3932output, try widening it in the Markdown source.
2268−Headers may be omitted in multiline tables as well as simple tables:
3934+The header may be omitted in multiline tables as well as simple tables:
2270 ----------- ------- --------------- -------------------------
3936 ----------- ------- --------------- -------------------------
2271 First row 12.0 Example of a row that
3937 First row 12.0 Example of a row that
@@ -2276,7 +3942,7 @@ Headers may be omitted in multiline tables as well as simple tables:
2277 ----------- ------- --------------- -------------------------
3943 ----------- ------- --------------- -------------------------
2279− : Here's a multiline table without headers.
3945+ : Here's a multiline table without a header.
2281It is possible for a multiline table to have just one row, but the row
3947It is possible for a multiline table to have just one row, but the row
2282should be followed by a blank line (and then the row of dashes that ends
3948should be followed by a blank line (and then the row of dashes that ends
@@ -2301,10 +3967,38 @@ Grid tables look like this:
2301The row of `=`s separates the header from the table body, and can be
3967The row of `=`s separates the header from the table body, and can be
2302omitted for a headerless table. The cells of grid tables may contain
3968omitted for a headerless table. The cells of grid tables may contain
2303arbitrary block elements (multiple paragraphs, code blocks, lists,
3969arbitrary block elements (multiple paragraphs, code blocks, lists,
2304−etc.). Alignments are not supported, nor are cells that span multiple
3970+etc.). Cells that span multiple columns or rows are not
2305−columns or rows. Grid tables can be created easily using [Emacs table mode].
3971+supported. Grid tables can be created easily using Emacs' table-mode
3972+(`M-x table-insert`).
3974+Alignments can be specified as with pipe tables, by putting
3975+colons at the boundaries of the separator line after the
3978+ +---------------+---------------+--------------------+
3979+ | Right | Left | Centered |
3980+ +==============:+:==============+:==================:+
3981+ | Bananas | $1.34 | built-in wrapper |
3982+ +---------------+---------------+--------------------+
3984+For headerless tables, the colons go on the top line instead:
3986+ +--------------:+:--------------+:------------------:+
3987+ | Right | Left | Centered |
3988+ +---------------+---------------+--------------------+
3990+##### Grid Table Limitations #####
3992+Pandoc does not support grid tables with row spans or column spans.
3993+This means that neither variable numbers of columns across rows nor
3994+variable numbers of rows across columns are supported by Pandoc.
3995+All grid tables must have the same number of columns in each row,
3996+and the same number of rows in each column. For example, the
3997+Docutils [sample grid tables] will not render as expected with
4000+[sample grid tables]: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/docs/ref/rst/restructuredtext.html#grid-tables
2307−[Emacs table mode]: http://table.sourceforge.net/
2309#### Extension: `pipe_tables` ####
4003#### Extension: `pipe_tables` ####
@@ -2336,10 +4030,15 @@ legal (though ugly) pipe table:
2337The cells of pipe tables cannot contain block elements like paragraphs
4031The cells of pipe tables cannot contain block elements like paragraphs
2338and lists, and cannot span multiple lines. If a pipe table contains a
4032and lists, and cannot span multiple lines. If a pipe table contains a
2339−row whose printable content is wider than the column width (see
4033+row whose Markdown content is wider than the column width (see
4034+`--columns`), then the table will take up the full text width and
2340−`--columns`), then the cell contents will wrap, with the
4035+the cell contents will wrap, with the relative cell widths determined
2341−relative cell widths determined by the widths of the separator
4036+by the number of dashes in the line separating the table header from
2342−lines.
4037+the table body. (For example `---|-` would make the first column 3/4
4038+and the second column 1/4 of the full text width.)
4039+On the other hand, if no lines are wider than column width, then
4040+cell contents will not be wrapped, and the cells will be sized
2344Note: pandoc also recognizes pipe tables of the following
4043Note: pandoc also recognizes pipe tables of the following
2345form, as can be produced by Emacs' orgtbl-mode:
4044form, as can be produced by Emacs' orgtbl-mode:
@@ -2355,8 +4054,7 @@ you'll need to add colons as above.
2356[PHP Markdown Extra tables]: https://michelf.ca/projects/php-markdown/extra/#table
4055[PHP Markdown Extra tables]: https://michelf.ca/projects/php-markdown/extra/#table
2358−Metadata blocks
4057+## Metadata blocks
2361#### Extension: `pandoc_title_block` ####
4059#### Extension: `pandoc_title_block` ####
@@ -2372,30 +4070,42 @@ output.) The block may contain just a title, a title and an author,
2372or all three elements. If you want to include an author but no
4070or all three elements. If you want to include an author but no
2373title, or a title and a date but no author, you need a blank line:
4071title, or a title and a date but no author, you need a blank line:
2376− % Author
4075+% Author
2378− % My title
4079+% My title
2380− % June 15, 2006
4081+% June 15, 2006
2382The title may occupy multiple lines, but continuation lines must
4084The title may occupy multiple lines, but continuation lines must
2383begin with leading space, thus:
4085begin with leading space, thus:
2385− % My title
4088+% My title
2386− on multiple lines
4089+ on multiple lines
2388If a document has multiple authors, the authors may be put on
4092If a document has multiple authors, the authors may be put on
2389separate lines with leading space, or separated by semicolons, or
4093separate lines with leading space, or separated by semicolons, or
2390both. So, all of the following are equivalent:
4094both. So, all of the following are equivalent:
2392− % Author One
4097+% Author One
2393− Author Two
4098+ Author Two
2395− % Author One; Author Two
4102+% Author One; Author Two
2397− % Author One;
4106+% Author One;
2398− Author Two
4107+ Author Two
2400The date must fit on one line.
4110The date must fit on one line.
@@ -2436,7 +4146,7 @@ will also have "Version 4.0" in the header.
2437#### Extension: `yaml_metadata_block` ####
4147#### Extension: `yaml_metadata_block` ####
2439−A YAML metadata block is a valid YAML object, delimited by a line of three
4149+A [YAML] metadata block is a valid YAML object, delimited by a line of three
2440hyphens (`---`) at the top and a line of three hyphens (`---`) or three dots
4150hyphens (`---`) at the top and a line of three hyphens (`---`) or three dots
2441(`...`) at the bottom. A YAML metadata block may occur anywhere in the
4151(`...`) at the bottom. A YAML metadata block may occur anywhere in the
2442document, but if it is not at the beginning, it must be preceded by a blank
4152document, but if it is not at the beginning, it must be preceded by a blank
@@ -2447,41 +4157,53 @@ and pass it to pandoc as an argument, along with your Markdown files:
2447 pandoc chap1.md chap2.md chap3.md metadata.yaml -s -o book.html
4157 pandoc chap1.md chap2.md chap3.md metadata.yaml -s -o book.html
2449Just be sure that the YAML file begins with `---` and ends with `---` or
4159Just be sure that the YAML file begins with `---` and ends with `---` or
2450−`...`.)
4160+`...`.) Alternatively, you can use the `--metadata-file` option. Using
4161+that approach however, you cannot reference content (like footnotes)
4162+from the main markdown input document.
2452Metadata will be taken from the fields of the YAML object and added to any
4164Metadata will be taken from the fields of the YAML object and added to any
2453existing document metadata. Metadata can contain lists and objects (nested
4165existing document metadata. Metadata can contain lists and objects (nested
2454arbitrarily), but all string scalars will be interpreted as Markdown. Fields
4166arbitrarily), but all string scalars will be interpreted as Markdown. Fields
2455with names ending in an underscore will be ignored by pandoc. (They may be
4167with names ending in an underscore will be ignored by pandoc. (They may be
2456−given a role by external processors.)
4168+given a role by external processors.) Field names must not be
4169+interpretable as YAML numbers or boolean values (so, for
4170+example, `yes`, `True`, and `15` cannot be used as field names).
2458−A document may contain multiple metadata blocks. The metadata fields will
4172+A document may contain multiple metadata blocks. If two
2459−be combined through a *left-biased union*: if two metadata blocks attempt
2460−to set the same field, the value from the first block will be taken.
4173+metadata blocks attempt to set the same field, the value from
4174+the second block will be taken.
2462When pandoc is used with `-t markdown` to create a Markdown document,
4176When pandoc is used with `-t markdown` to create a Markdown document,
2463a YAML metadata block will be produced only if the `-s/--standalone`
4177a YAML metadata block will be produced only if the `-s/--standalone`
2464option is used. All of the metadata will appear in a single block
4178option is used. All of the metadata will appear in a single block
2465at the beginning of the document.
4179at the beginning of the document.
2467−Note that YAML escaping rules must be followed. Thus, for example,
4181+Note that [YAML] escaping rules must be followed. Thus, for example,
2468−if a title contains a colon, it must be quoted. The pipe character
4182+if a title contains a colon, it must be quoted, and if it contains a
4183+backslash escape, then it must be ensured that it is not treated as a
4184+[YAML escape sequence]. The pipe character (`|`) can be used to begin
2469−(`|`) can be used to begin an indented block that will be interpreted
4185+an indented block that will be interpreted literally, without need for
2470−literally, without need for escaping. This form is necessary
2471−when the field contains blank lines:
4186+escaping. This form is necessary when the field contains blank lines
4187+or block-level formatting:
2474 title: 'This is the title: it contains a colon'
4190 title: 'This is the title: it contains a colon'
2476 - Author One
4192 - Author One
2477 - Author Two
4193 - Author Two
2478− tags: [nothing, nothingness]
4194+ keywords: [nothing, nothingness]
2479 abstract: |
4195 abstract: |
2480 This is the abstract.
4196 This is the abstract.
2482 It consists of two paragraphs.
4198 It consists of two paragraphs.
4201+The literal block after the `|` must be indented relative to the
4202+line containing the `|`. If it is not, the YAML will be invalid
4203+and pandoc will not interpret it as metadata. For an overview
4204+of the complex rules governing YAML, see the [Wikipedia entry on
2485Template variables will be set automatically from the metadata. Thus, for
4207Template variables will be set automatically from the metadata. Thus, for
2486example, in writing HTML, the variable `abstract` will be set to the HTML
4208example, in writing HTML, the variable `abstract` will be set to the HTML
2487equivalent of the Markdown in the `abstract` field:
4209equivalent of the Markdown in the `abstract` field:
@@ -2515,9 +4237,38 @@ template:
2516 $endfor$
4238 $endfor$
4240+Raw content to include in the document's header may be specified
4241+using `header-includes`; however, it is important to mark up
4242+this content as raw code for a particular output format, using
4243+the [`raw_attribute` extension](#extension-raw_attribute)), or it
4244+will be interpreted as markdown. For example:
4249+ \let\oldsection\section
4250+ \renewcommand{\section}[1]{\clearpage\oldsection{#1}}
4253+Note: the `yaml_metadata_block` extension works with
4254+`commonmark` as well as `markdown` (and it is enabled by default
4255+in `gfm` and `commonmark_x`). However, in these formats the
4256+following restrictions apply:
4258+- The YAML metadata block must occur at the beginning of the
4259+ document (and there can be only one). If multiple files are
4260+ given as arguments to pandoc, only the first can be a YAML
4263+- The leaf nodes of the YAML structure are parsed in isolation from
4264+ each other and from the rest of the document. So, for
4265+ example, you can't use a reference link in these contexts
4266+ if the link definition is somewhere else in the document.
4268+[YAML escape sequence]: https://yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html#id2776092
4269+[Wikipedia entry on YAML syntax]: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/YAML#Syntax
2519−Backslash escapes
4271+## Backslash escapes
2522#### Extension: `all_symbols_escapable` ####
4273#### Extension: `all_symbols_escapable` ####
@@ -2543,9 +4294,12 @@ which allows only the following characters to be backslash-escaped:
2543(However, if the `markdown_strict` format is used, the standard Markdown rule
4294(However, if the `markdown_strict` format is used, the standard Markdown rule
2544will be used.)
4295will be used.)
2546−A backslash-escaped space is parsed as a nonbreaking space. It will
4297+A backslash-escaped space is parsed as a nonbreaking space. In TeX output,
2547−appear in TeX output as `~` and in HTML and XML as `\ ` or
4298+it will appear as `~`. In HTML and XML output, it will appear as a
2548−`\ `.
4299+literal unicode nonbreaking space character (note that it will thus
4300+actually look "invisible" in the generated HTML source; you can still
4301+use the `--ascii` command-line option to make it appear as an explicit
2550A backslash-escaped newline (i.e. a backslash occurring at the end of
4304A backslash-escaped newline (i.e. a backslash occurring at the end of
2551a line) is parsed as a hard line break. It will appear in TeX output as
4305a line) is parsed as a hard line break. It will appear in TeX output as
@@ -2555,22 +4309,7 @@ two trailing spaces on a line.
2556Backslash escapes do not work in verbatim contexts.
4310Backslash escapes do not work in verbatim contexts.
2563−If the `--smart` option is specified, pandoc will produce typographically
2564−correct output, converting straight quotes to curly quotes, `---` to
2565−em-dashes, `--` to en-dashes, and `...` to ellipses. Nonbreaking spaces
2566−are inserted after certain abbreviations, such as "Mr."
2568−Note: if your LaTeX template or any included header file call for the
2569−[`csquotes`] package, pandoc will detect this automatically and use
2570−`\enquote{...}` for quoted text.
2572−Inline formatting
4312+## Inline formatting
2575### Emphasis ###
4314### Emphasis ###
@@ -2618,12 +4357,13 @@ text by `~` characters. Thus, for example,
2619 H~2~O is a liquid. 2^10^ is 1024.
4358 H~2~O is a liquid. 2^10^ is 1024.
4360+The text between `^...^` or `~...~` may not contain spaces or
2621−If the superscripted or subscripted text contains spaces, these spaces
4361+newlines. If the superscripted or subscripted text contains
2622−must be escaped with backslashes. (This is to prevent accidental
4362+spaces, these spaces must be escaped with backslashes. (This is
2623−superscripting and subscripting through the ordinary use of `~` and `^`.)
4363+to prevent accidental superscripting and subscripting through
4364+the ordinary use of `~` and `^`, and also bad interactions with
2624−Thus, if you want the letter P with 'a cat' in subscripts, use
4365+footnotes.) Thus, if you want the letter P with 'a cat' in
2625−`P~a\ cat~`, not `P~a cat~`.
4366+subscripts, use `P~a\ cat~`, not `P~a cat~`.
2628### Verbatim ###
4368### Verbatim ###
@@ -2657,15 +4397,22 @@ Attributes can be attached to verbatim text, just as with
2658### Small caps ###
4398### Small caps ###
2660−To write small caps, you can use an HTML span tag:
4400+To write small caps, use the `smallcaps` class:
4402+ [Small caps]{.smallcaps}
4404+Or, without the `bracketed_spans` extension:
4406+ <span class="smallcaps">Small caps</span>
4408+For compatibility with other Markdown flavors, CSS is also supported:
2662 <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Small caps</span>
4410 <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Small caps</span>
2664−(The semicolon is optional and there may be space after the
2665−colon.) This will work in all output formats that support small caps.
4412+This will work in all output formats that support small caps.
2670#### Extension: `tex_math_dollars` ####
4417#### Extension: `tex_math_dollars` ####
@@ -2677,22 +4424,38 @@ left, and must not be followed immediately by a digit. Thus,
2677you need to enclose text in literal `$` characters, backslash-escape
4424you need to enclose text in literal `$` characters, backslash-escape
2678them and they won't be treated as math delimiters.
4425them and they won't be treated as math delimiters.
4427+For display math, use `$$` delimiters. (In this case, the delimiters
4428+may be separated from the formula by whitespace. However, there can be
4429+no blank lines betwen the opening and closing `$$` delimiters.)
2680TeX math will be printed in all output formats. How it is rendered
4431TeX math will be printed in all output formats. How it is rendered
2681depends on the output format:
4432depends on the output format:
4435+ ~ It will appear verbatim surrounded by `\(...\)` (for inline
4436+ math) or `\[...\]` (for display math).
2683−Markdown, LaTeX, Emacs Org mode, ConTeXt, ZimWiki
4438+Markdown, Emacs Org mode, ConTeXt, ZimWiki
2684− ~ It will appear verbatim between `$` characters.
4439+ ~ It will appear verbatim surrounded by `$...$` (for inline
4440+ math) or `$$...$$` (for display math).
4443+ ~ It will appear verbatim surrounded by `{{formula}}..{{/formula}}`.
2686reStructuredText
4445reStructuredText
2687 ~ It will be rendered using an [interpreted text role `:math:`].
4446 ~ It will be rendered using an [interpreted text role `:math:`].
2690− ~ It will be rendered as `latexmath:[...]`.
4449+ ~ For AsciiDoc output format (`-t asciidoc`) it will appear verbatim
4450+ surrounded by `latexmath:[$...$]` (for inline math) or
4451+ `[latexmath]++++\[...\]+++` (for display math).
4452+ For AsciiDoctor output format (`-t asciidoctor`) the LaTex delimiters
4453+ (`$..$` and `\[..\]`) are omitted.
2693 ~ It will be rendered inside a `@math` command.
4456 ~ It will be rendered inside a `@math` command.
2695−groff man
4458+roff man, Jira markup
2696 ~ It will be rendered verbatim without `$`'s.
4459 ~ It will be rendered verbatim without `$`'s.
2698MediaWiki, DokuWiki
4461MediaWiki, DokuWiki
@@ -2701,75 +4464,34 @@ MediaWiki, DokuWiki
2702 ~ It will be rendered inside `<span class="math">` tags.
4465 ~ It will be rendered inside `<span class="math">` tags.
2704−RTF, OpenDocument, ODT
4467+RTF, OpenDocument
2705− ~ It will be rendered, if possible, using unicode characters,
4468+ ~ It will be rendered, if possible, using Unicode characters,
2706 and will otherwise appear verbatim.
4469 and will otherwise appear verbatim.
4472+ ~ It will be rendered, if possible, using MathML.
2709 ~ If the `--mathml` flag is used, it will be rendered using MathML
4475 ~ If the `--mathml` flag is used, it will be rendered using MathML
2710 in an `inlineequation` or `informalequation` tag. Otherwise it
4476 in an `inlineequation` or `informalequation` tag. Otherwise it
2711− will be rendered, if possible, using unicode characters.
4477+ will be rendered, if possible, using Unicode characters.
2714 ~ It will be rendered using OMML math markup.
4480 ~ It will be rendered using OMML math markup.
2716FictionBook2
4482FictionBook2
2717 ~ If the `--webtex` option is used, formulas are rendered as images
4483 ~ If the `--webtex` option is used, formulas are rendered as images
2718− using Google Charts or other compatible web service, downloaded
4484+ using CodeCogs or other compatible web service, downloaded
2719 and embedded in the e-book. Otherwise, they will appear verbatim.
4485 and embedded in the e-book. Otherwise, they will appear verbatim.
2721HTML, Slidy, DZSlides, S5, EPUB
4487HTML, Slidy, DZSlides, S5, EPUB
2722 ~ The way math is rendered in HTML will depend on the
4488 ~ The way math is rendered in HTML will depend on the
2723− command-line options selected:
4489+ command-line options selected. Therefore see [Math rendering in HTML]
2725− 1. The default is to render TeX math as far as possible using unicode
4491+
2726− characters, as with RTF, DocBook, and OpenDocument output. Formulas
2727− are put inside a `span` with `class="math"`, so that they may be
2728− styled differently from the surrounding text if needed.
2730− 2. If the `--latexmathml` option is used, TeX math will be displayed
2731− between `$` or `$$` characters and put in `<span>` tags with class `LaTeX`.
2732− The [LaTeXMathML] script will be used to render it as formulas.
2733− (This trick does not work in all browsers, but it works in Firefox.
2734− In browsers that do not support LaTeXMathML, TeX math will appear
2735− verbatim between `$` characters.)
2737− 3. If the `--jsmath` option is used, TeX math will be put inside
2738− `<span>` tags (for inline math) or `<div>` tags (for display math)
2739− with class `math`. The [jsMath] script will be used to render
2742− 4. If the `--mimetex` option is used, the [mimeTeX] CGI script will
2743− be called to generate images for each TeX formula. This should
2744− work in all browsers. The `--mimetex` option takes an optional URL
2745− as argument. If no URL is specified, it will be assumed that the
2746− mimeTeX CGI script is at `/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi`.
2748− 5. If the `--gladtex` option is used, TeX formulas will be enclosed
2749− in `<eq>` tags in the HTML output. The resulting `htex` file may then
2750− be processed by [gladTeX], which will produce image files for each
2751− formula and an HTML file with links to these images. So, the
2754− pandoc -s --gladtex myfile.txt -o myfile.htex
2755− gladtex -d myfile-images myfile.htex
2756− # produces myfile.html and images in myfile-images
2758− 6. If the `--webtex` option is used, TeX formulas will be converted
2759− to `<img>` tags that link to an external script that converts
2760− formulas to images. The formula will be URL-encoded and concatenated
2761− with the URL provided. If no URL is specified, the Google Chart
2762− API will be used (`http://chart.apis.google.com/chart?cht=tx&chl=`).
2764− 7. If the `--mathjax` option is used, TeX math will be displayed
2765− between `\(...\)` (for inline math) or `\[...\]` (for display
2766− math) and put in `<span>` tags with class `math`.
2767− The [MathJax] script will be used to render it as formulas.
2769−[interpreted text role `:math:`]: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/docs/ref/rst/roles.html#math
4492+[interpreted text role `:math:`]: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/docs/ref/rst/roles.html#math
2771−Raw HTML
4494+## Raw HTML
2774#### Extension: `raw_html` ####
4496#### Extension: `raw_html` ####
@@ -2780,8 +4502,17 @@ Markdown allows it, but it has been made an extension so that it can
2780be disabled if desired.)
4502be disabled if desired.)
2782The raw HTML is passed through unchanged in HTML, S5, Slidy, Slideous,
4504The raw HTML is passed through unchanged in HTML, S5, Slidy, Slideous,
2783−DZSlides, EPUB, Markdown, Emacs Org mode, and Textile output, and suppressed
4505+DZSlides, EPUB, Markdown, CommonMark, Emacs Org mode, and Textile
2784−in other formats.
4506+output, and suppressed in other formats.
4508+For a more explicit way of including raw HTML in a Markdown
4509+document, see the [`raw_attribute` extension][Extension: `raw_attribute`].
4511+In the CommonMark format, if `raw_html` is enabled, superscripts,
4512+subscripts, strikeouts and small capitals will be represented as HTML.
4513+Otherwise, plain-text fallbacks will be used. Note that even if
4514+`raw_html` is disabled, tables will be rendered with HTML syntax if
4515+they cannot use pipe syntax.
2786#### Extension: `markdown_in_html_blocks` ####
4517#### Extension: `markdown_in_html_blocks` ####
@@ -2798,7 +4529,7 @@ Thus, for example, pandoc will turn
2800 <td>*one*</td>
4531 <td>*one*</td>
2801− <td>[a link](http://google.com)</td>
4532+ <td>[a link](https://google.com)</td>
2803 </table>
4534 </table>
@@ -2807,14 +4538,14 @@ into
2809 <td><em>one</em></td>
4540 <td><em>one</em></td>
2810− <td><a href="http://google.com">a link</a></td>
4541+ <td><a href="https://google.com">a link</a></td>
2812 </table>
4543 </table>
2814whereas `Markdown.pl` will preserve it as is.
4545whereas `Markdown.pl` will preserve it as is.
2816−There is one exception to this rule: text between `<script>` and
4547+There is one exception to this rule: text between `<script>`,
2817−`<style>` tags is not interpreted as Markdown.
4548+`<style>`, and `<textarea>` tags is not interpreted as Markdown.
2819This departure from standard Markdown should make it easier to mix
4550This departure from standard Markdown should make it easier to mix
2820Markdown with HTML block elements. For example, one can surround
4551Markdown with HTML block elements. For example, one can surround
@@ -2835,9 +4566,6 @@ For the most part this should give the same output as `raw_html`,
2835but it makes it easier to write pandoc filters to manipulate groups
4566but it makes it easier to write pandoc filters to manipulate groups
2836of inlines.
4567of inlines.
2841#### Extension: `raw_tex` ####
4569#### Extension: `raw_tex` ####
2843In addition to raw HTML, pandoc allows raw LaTeX, TeX, and ConTeXt to be
4571In addition to raw HTML, pandoc allows raw LaTeX, TeX, and ConTeXt to be
@@ -2859,29 +4587,84 @@ Note that in LaTeX environments, like
2859the material between the begin and end tags will be interpreted as raw
4587the material between the begin and end tags will be interpreted as raw
2860LaTeX, not as Markdown.
4588LaTeX, not as Markdown.
4590+For a more explicit and flexible way of including raw TeX in a
4591+Markdown document, see the [`raw_attribute`
4592+extension][Extension: `raw_attribute`].
2862Inline LaTeX is ignored in output formats other than Markdown, LaTeX,
4594Inline LaTeX is ignored in output formats other than Markdown, LaTeX,
2863Emacs Org mode, and ConTeXt.
4595Emacs Org mode, and ConTeXt.
4597+### Generic raw attribute ###
4599+#### Extension: `raw_attribute` ####
4601+Inline spans and fenced code blocks with a special
4602+kind of attribute will be parsed as raw content with the
4603+designated format. For example, the following produces a raw
4610+And the following produces a raw `html` inline element:
4612+ This is `<a>html</a>`{=html}
4614+This can be useful to insert raw xml into `docx` documents, e.g.
4620+ <w:br w:type="page"/>
4625+The format name should match the target format name (see
4626+`-t/--to`, above, for a list, or use `pandoc
4627+--list-output-formats`). Use `openxml` for `docx` output,
4628+`opendocument` for `odt` output, `html5` for `epub3` output,
4629+`html4` for `epub2` output, and `latex`, `beamer`,
4630+`ms`, or `html5` for `pdf` output (depending on what you
4631+use for `--pdf-engine`).
4633+This extension presupposes that the relevant kind of
4634+inline code or fenced code block is enabled. Thus, for
4635+example, to use a raw attribute with a backtick code block,
4636+`backtick_code_blocks` must be enabled.
4638+The raw attribute cannot be combined with regular attributes.
2865−LaTeX macros
4640+## LaTeX macros
2868#### Extension: `latex_macros` ####
4642#### Extension: `latex_macros` ####
2870−For output formats other than LaTeX, pandoc will parse LaTeX `\newcommand` and
4644+When this extension is enabled, pandoc will parse LaTeX
2871−`\renewcommand` definitions and apply the resulting macros to all LaTeX
4645+macro definitions and apply the resulting macros to all LaTeX
2872−math. So, for example, the following will work in all output formats,
4646+math and raw LaTeX. So, for example, the following will work in
2873−not just LaTeX:
4647+all output formats, not just LaTeX:
2875 \newcommand{\tuple}[1]{\langle #1 \rangle}
4649 \newcommand{\tuple}[1]{\langle #1 \rangle}
2877 $\tuple{a, b, c}$
4651 $\tuple{a, b, c}$
2879−In LaTeX output, the `\newcommand` definition will simply be passed
4653+Note that LaTeX macros will not be applied if they occur
2880−unchanged to the output.
4654+inside a raw span or block marked with the
4655+[`raw_attribute` extension](#extension-raw_attribute).
4657+When `latex_macros` is disabled, the raw LaTeX and math will
4658+not have macros applied. This is usually a better approach when
4659+you are targeting LaTeX or PDF.
4661+Macro definitions in LaTeX will be passed through as raw LaTeX
4662+only if `latex_macros` is not enabled. Macro definitions in
4663+Markdown source (or other formats allowing `raw_tex`) will
4664+be passed through regardless of whether `latex_macros` is
2886Markdown allows links to be specified in several ways.
4669Markdown allows links to be specified in several ways.
@@ -2890,7 +4673,7 @@ Markdown allows links to be specified in several ways.
2890If you enclose a URL or email address in pointy brackets, it
4673If you enclose a URL or email address in pointy brackets, it
2891will become a link:
4674will become a link:
2893− <http://google.com>
4676+ <https://google.com>
2894 <sam@green.eggs.ham>
4677 <sam@green.eggs.ham>
2896### Inline links ###
4679### Inline links ###
@@ -2900,7 +4683,7 @@ followed by the URL in parentheses. (Optionally, the URL can
2900be followed by a link title, in quotes.)
4683be followed by a link title, in quotes.)
2902 This is an [inline link](/url), and here's [one with
4685 This is an [inline link](/url), and here's [one with
2903− a title](http://fsf.org "click here for a good time!").
4686+ a title](https://fsf.org "click here for a good time!").
2905There can be no space between the bracketed part and the parenthesized part.
4688There can be no space between the bracketed part and the parenthesized part.
2906The link text can contain formatting (such as emphasis), but the title cannot.
4689The link text can contain formatting (such as emphasis), but the title cannot.
@@ -2917,7 +4700,8 @@ definition, which may occur elsewhere in the document (either
2917before or after the link).
4700before or after the link).
2919The link consists of link text in square brackets, followed by a label in
4702The link consists of link text in square brackets, followed by a label in
2920−square brackets. (There can be space between the two.) The link definition
4703+square brackets. (There cannot be space between the two unless the
4704+`spaced_reference_links` extension is enabled.) The link definition
2921consists of the bracketed label, followed by a colon and a space, followed by
4705consists of the bracketed label, followed by a colon and a space, followed by
2922the URL, and optionally (after a space) a link title either in quotes or in
4706the URL, and optionally (after a space) a link title either in quotes or in
2923parentheses. The label must not be parseable as a citation (assuming
4707parentheses. The label must not be parseable as a citation (assuming
@@ -2928,7 +4712,7 @@ Here are some examples:
2929 [my label 1]: /foo/bar.html "My title, optional"
4713 [my label 1]: /foo/bar.html "My title, optional"
2930 [my label 2]: /foo
4714 [my label 2]: /foo
2931− [my label 3]: http://fsf.org (The free software foundation)
4715+ [my label 3]: https://fsf.org (The free software foundation)
2932 [my label 4]: /bar#special 'A title in single quotes'
4716 [my label 4]: /bar#special 'A title in single quotes'
2934The URL may optionally be surrounded by angle brackets:
4718The URL may optionally be surrounded by angle brackets:
@@ -2937,7 +4721,7 @@ The URL may optionally be surrounded by angle brackets:
2938The title may go on the next line:
4722The title may go on the next line:
2940− [my label 3]: http://fsf.org
4724+ [my label 3]: https://fsf.org
2941 "The free software foundation"
4725 "The free software foundation"
2943Note that link labels are not case sensitive. So, this will work:
4727Note that link labels are not case sensitive. So, this will work:
@@ -2975,7 +4759,7 @@ be omitted entirely:
2975### Internal links ###
4759### Internal links ###
2977To link to another section of the same document, use the automatically
4761To link to another section of the same document, use the automatically
2978−generated identifier (see [Header identifiers]). For example:
4762+generated identifier (see [Heading identifiers]). For example:
2980 See the [Introduction](#introduction).
4764 See the [Introduction](#introduction).
@@ -2988,8 +4772,7 @@ or
2988Internal links are currently supported for HTML formats (including
4772Internal links are currently supported for HTML formats (including
2989HTML slide shows and EPUB), LaTeX, and ConTeXt.
4773HTML slide shows and EPUB), LaTeX, and ConTeXt.
2991−Images
4775+## Images
2994A link immediately preceded by a `!` will be treated as an image.
4777A link immediately preceded by a `!` will be treated as an image.
2995The link text will be used as the image's alt text:
4778The link text will be used as the image's alt text:
@@ -3002,23 +4785,26 @@ The link text will be used as the image's alt text:
3003#### Extension: `implicit_figures` ####
4786#### Extension: `implicit_figures` ####
3005−An image occurring by itself in a paragraph will be rendered as
4788+An image with nonempty alt text, occurring by itself in a
3006−a figure with a caption.[^5] (In LaTeX, a figure environment will be
4789+paragraph, will be rendered as a figure with a caption. The
3007−used; in HTML, the image will be placed in a `div` with class
3008−`figure`, together with a caption in a `p` with class `caption`.)
3009−The image's alt text will be used as the caption.
4790+image's alt text will be used as the caption.
3011 
4792 
3013−[^5]: This feature is not yet implemented for RTF, OpenDocument, or
4794+How this is rendered depends on the output format. Some output
4795+formats (e.g. RTF) do not yet support figures. In those
3014− ODT. In those formats, you'll just get an image in a paragraph by
4796+formats, you'll just get an image in a paragraph by itself, with
3015− itself, with no caption.
4797+no caption.
3017If you just want a regular inline image, just make sure it is not
4799If you just want a regular inline image, just make sure it is not
3018the only thing in the paragraph. One way to do this is to insert a
4800the only thing in the paragraph. One way to do this is to insert a
3019nonbreaking space after the image:
4801nonbreaking space after the image:
3021− \
4803+ \
4805+Note that in reveal.js slide shows, an image in a paragraph
4806+by itself that has the `stretch` class will fill the screen,
4807+and the caption and figure tags will be omitted.
3023#### Extension: `link_attributes` ####
4809#### Extension: `link_attributes` ####
@@ -3032,10 +4818,11 @@ Attributes can be set on links and images:
3032(This syntax is compatible with [PHP Markdown Extra] when only `#id`
4818(This syntax is compatible with [PHP Markdown Extra] when only `#id`
3033and `.class` are used.)
4819and `.class` are used.)
3035−For HTML and EPUB, all attributes except `width` and `height` (but
4821+For HTML and EPUB, all known HTML5 attributes except `width` and
3036−including `srcset` and `sizes`) are passed through as is. The other
4822+`height` (but including `srcset` and `sizes`) are passed through
4823+as is. Unknown attributes are passed through as custom
4824+attributes, with `data-` prepended. The other writers ignore
3037−writers ignore attributes that are not supported by their output
4825+attributes that are not specifically supported by their output format.
3040The `width` and `height` attributes on images are treated specially. When
4827The `width` and `height` attributes on images are treated specially. When
3041used without a unit, the unit is assumed to be pixels. However, any of
4828used without a unit, the unit is assumed to be pixels. However, any of
@@ -3047,35 +4834,83 @@ For example:
3047{ width=50% }
4834{ width=50% }
3050−- Dimensions are converted to inches for output in page-based formats like
4837+- Dimensions may be converted to a form that is compatible with
3051− LaTeX. Dimensions are converted to pixels for output in HTML-like
4838+ the output format (for example, dimensions given in pixels will
3052− formats. Use the `--dpi` option to specify the number of pixels per
4839+ be converted to inches when converting HTML to LaTeX). Conversion
3053− inch. The default is 96dpi.
4840+ between pixels and physical measurements is affected by the
4841+ `--dpi` option (by default, 96 dpi is assumed, unless the image
4842+ itself contains dpi information).
3054- The `%` unit is generally relative to some available space.
4843- The `%` unit is generally relative to some available space.
3055− For example the above example will render to
4844+ For example the above example will render to the following.
3056− `<img href="file.jpg" style="width: 50%;" />` (HTML),
4845+ - HTML: `<img href="file.jpg" style="width: 50%;" />`
3057− `\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{file.jpg}` (LaTeX), or
4846+ - LaTeX: `\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth,height=\textheight]{file.jpg}`
3058− `\externalfigure[file.jpg][width=0.5\textwidth]` (ConTeXt).
4847+ (If you're using a custom template, you need to configure `graphicx`
4848+ as in the default template.)
4849+ - ConTeXt: `\externalfigure[file.jpg][width=0.5\textwidth]`
3059- Some output formats have a notion of a class
4850- Some output formats have a notion of a class
3060− ([ConTeXt](http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Using_Graphics#Multiple_Image_Settings))
4851+ ([ConTeXt](https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Using_Graphics#Multiple_Image_Settings))
3061 or a unique identifier (LaTeX `\caption`), or both (HTML).
4852 or a unique identifier (LaTeX `\caption`), or both (HTML).
3062- When no `width` or `height` attributes are specified, the fallback
4853- When no `width` or `height` attributes are specified, the fallback
3063 is to look at the image resolution and the dpi metadata embedded in
4854 is to look at the image resolution and the dpi metadata embedded in
3064 the image file.
4855 the image file.
3066−Spans
4857+## Divs and Spans
4859+Using the `native_divs` and `native_spans` extensions
4860+(see [above][Extension: `native_divs`]), HTML syntax can
4861+be used as part of markdown to create native `Div` and `Span`
4862+elements in the pandoc AST (as opposed to raw HTML).
4863+However, there is also nicer syntax available:
4865+#### Extension: `fenced_divs` ####
4867+Allow special fenced syntax for native `Div` blocks. A Div
4868+starts with a fence containing at least three consecutive
4869+colons plus some attributes. The attributes may optionally
4870+be followed by another string of consecutive colons.
4871+The attribute syntax is exactly as in fenced code blocks (see
4872+[Extension: `fenced_code_attributes`]). As with fenced
4873+code blocks, one can use either attributes in curly braces
4874+or a single unbraced word, which will be treated as a class
4875+name. The Div ends with another line containing a string of at
4876+least three consecutive colons. The fenced Div should be
4877+separated by blank lines from preceding and following blocks.
4881+ ::::: {#special .sidebar}
4882+ Here is a paragraph.
4887+Fenced divs can be nested. Opening fences are distinguished
4888+because they *must* have attributes:
4894+ This is a warning within a warning.
4898+Fences without attributes are always closing fences. Unlike
4899+with fenced code blocks, the number of colons in the closing
4900+fence need not match the number in the opening fence. However,
4901+it can be helpful for visual clarity to use fences of different
4902+lengths to distinguish nested divs from their parents.
3069#### Extension: `bracketed_spans` ####
4905#### Extension: `bracketed_spans` ####
3071A bracketed sequence of inlines, as one would use to begin
4907A bracketed sequence of inlines, as one would use to begin
3072−a link, will be treated as a span with attributes if it is
4908+a link, will be treated as a `Span` with attributes if it is
3073followed immediately by attributes:
4909followed immediately by attributes:
3075 [This is *some text*]{.class key="val"}
4911 [This is *some text*]{.class key="val"}
3077−Footnotes
4913+## Footnotes
3080#### Extension: `footnotes` ####
4915#### Extension: `footnotes` ####
@@ -3106,7 +4941,9 @@ will be numbered sequentially.
3107The footnotes themselves need not be placed at the end of the
4942The footnotes themselves need not be placed at the end of the
3108document. They may appear anywhere except inside other block elements
4943document. They may appear anywhere except inside other block elements
3109−(lists, block quotes, tables, etc.).
4944+(lists, block quotes, tables, etc.). Each footnote should be
4945+separated from surrounding content (including other footnotes)
3111#### Extension: `inline_notes` ####
4948#### Extension: `inline_notes` ####
@@ -3119,46 +4956,401 @@ they cannot contain multiple paragraphs). The syntax is as follows:
3120Inline and regular footnotes may be mixed freely.
4957Inline and regular footnotes may be mixed freely.
3122−
4959+## Citation syntax
3126#### Extension: `citations` ####
4961#### Extension: `citations` ####
4963+To cite a bibliographic item with an identifier foo, use the
4964+syntax `@foo`. Normal citations should be included in square
4965+brackets, with semicolons separating distinct items:
4967+ Blah blah [@doe99; @smith2000; @smith2004].
4969+How this is rendered depends on the citation style. In an
4970+author-date style, it might render as
4972+ Blah blah (Doe 1999, Smith 2000, 2004).
4974+In a footnote style, it might render as
4978+ [^1]: John Doe, "Frogs," *Journal of Amphibians* 44 (1999);
4979+ Susan Smith, "Flies," *Journal of Insects* (2000);
4980+ Susan Smith, "Bees," *Journal of Insects* (2004).
4982+See the [CSL user documentation] for more information about CSL
4983+styles and how they affect rendering.
4985+Unless a citation key start with a letter, digit, or `_`,
4986+and contains only alphanumerics and internal punctuation
4987+characters (`:.#$%&-+?<>~/`), it must be surrounded
4988+by curly braces, which are not considered part of the key.
4989+In `@Foo_bar.baz.`, the key is `Foo_bar.baz`. The final
4990+period is not *internal* punctuation, so it is not included in
4991+the key. In `@{Foo_bar.baz.}`, the key is `Foo_bar.baz.`, including
4992+the final period. The curly braces are recommended if you use URLs as
4993+keys: `[@{https://example.com/bib?name=foobar&date=2000}, p. 33]`.
4995+Citation items may optionally include a prefix, a locator, and
4998+ Blah blah [see @doe99, pp. 33-35 and *passim*; @smith04, chap. 1].
5000+The first item (`doe99`) has prefix `see `, locator `pp. 33-35`,
5001+and suffix `and *passim*`. The second item (`smith04`) has
5002+locator `chap. 1` and no prefix or suffix.
5004+Pandoc uses some heuristics to separate the locator from the
5005+rest of the subject. It is sensitive to the locator terms
5006+defined in the [CSL locale files]. Either abbreviated or
5007+unabbreviated forms are accepted. In the `en-US` locale, locator
5008+terms can be written in either singular or plural forms, as
5009+`book`, `bk.`/`bks.`; `chapter`, `chap.`/`chaps.`; `column`,
5010+`col.`/`cols.`; `figure`, `fig.`/`figs.`; `folio`,
5011+`fol.`/`fols.`; `number`, `no.`/`nos.`; `line`, `l.`/`ll.`;
5012+`note`, `n.`/`nn.`; `opus`, `op.`/`opp.`; `page`, `p.`/`pp.`;
5013+`paragraph`, `para.`/`paras.`; `part`, `pt.`/`pts.`; `section`,
5014+`sec.`/`secs.`; `sub verbo`, `s.v.`/`s.vv.`; `verse`,
5015+`v.`/`vv.`; `volume`, `vol.`/`vols.`; `¶`/`¶¶`; `§`/`§§`. If no
5016+locator term is used, "page" is assumed.
5018+In complex cases, you can force something to be treated as
5019+a locator by enclosing it in curly braces or prevent parsing
5020+the suffix as locator by prepending curly braces:
5022+ [@smith{ii, A, D-Z}, with a suffix]
5023+ [@smith, {pp. iv, vi-xi, (xv)-(xvii)} with suffix here]
5024+ [@smith{}, 99 years later]
5026+A minus sign (`-`) before the `@` will suppress mention of
5027+the author in the citation. This can be useful when the
5028+author is already mentioned in the text:
5030+ Smith says blah [-@smith04].
5032+You can also write an author-in-text citation, by omitting the
5035+ @smith04 says blah.
5037+ @smith04 [p. 33] says blah.
5039+This will cause the author's name to be rendered, followed by
5040+the bibliographical details. Use this form when you want to
5041+make the citation the subject of a sentence.
5043+When you are using a note style, it is usually better to let
5044+citeproc create the footnotes from citations rather than writing
5045+an explicit note. If you do write an explicit note that
5046+contains a citation, note that normal citations will be put in
5047+parentheses, while author-in-text citations will not. For
5048+this reason, it is sometimes preferable to use the
5049+author-in-text style inside notes when using a note style.
5051+[CSL user documentation]: https://citationstyles.org/authors/
5052+[CSL]: https://docs.citationstyles.org/en/stable/specification.html
5053+[CSL markup specs]: https://docs.citationstyles.org/en/1.0/release-notes.html#rich-text-markup-within-fields
5054+[Chicago Manual of Style]: https://chicagomanualofstyle.org
5055+[Citation Style Language]: https://citationstyles.org
5056+[Zotero Style Repository]: https://www.zotero.org/styles
5057+[finding and editing styles]: https://citationstyles.org/authors/
5058+[CSL locale files]: https://github.com/citation-style-language/locales
5060+## Non-default extensions
5062+The following Markdown syntax extensions are not enabled by default
5063+in pandoc, but may be enabled by adding `+EXTENSION` to the format
5064+name, where `EXTENSION` is the name of the extension. Thus, for
5065+example, `markdown+hard_line_breaks` is Markdown with hard line breaks.
5067+#### Extension: `rebase_relative_paths` ####
5069+Rewrite relative paths for Markdown links and images, depending
5070+on the path of the file containing the link or image link. For
5071+each link or image, pandoc will compute the directory of the
5072+containing file, relative to the working directory, and prepend
5073+the resulting path to the link or image path.
5075+The use of this extension is best understood by example.
5076+Suppose you have a a subdirectory for each chapter of a book,
5077+`chap1`, `chap2`, `chap3`. Each contains a file `text.md` and a
5078+number of images used in the chapter. You would like to have
5079+`` in `chap1/text.md` refer to
5080+`chap1/spider.jpg` and `` in `chap2/text.md`
5081+refer to `chap2/spider.jpg`. To do this, use
5083+ pandoc chap*/*.md -f markdown+rebase_relative_paths
5085+Without this extension, you would have to use
5086+`` in `chap1/text.md` and
5087+`` in `chap2/text.md`. Links with
5088+relative paths will be rewritten in the same way as images.
5090+Absolute paths and URLs are not changed. Neither are empty
5091+paths or paths consisting entirely of a fragment, e.g., `#foo`.
5093+Note that relative paths in reference links and images will
5094+be rewritten relative to the file containing the link
5095+reference definition, not the file containing the reference link
5096+or image itself, if these differ.
5098+#### Extension: `attributes` ####
5100+Allows attributes to be attached to any inline or block-level
5101+element. The syntax for the attributes is the same as that
5102+used in [`header_attributes`][Extension: `header_attributes`].
5104+- Attributes that occur immediately after an inline
5105+ element affect that element. If they follow a space, then they
5106+ belong to the space. (Hence, this option subsumes
5107+ `inline_code_attributes` and `link_attributes`.)
5108+- Attributes that occur immediately before a block
5109+ element, on a line by themselves, affect that
5111+- Consecutive attribute specifiers may be used,
5112+ either for blocks or for inlines. Their attributes
5114+- Attributes that occur at the end of the text of
5115+ a Setext or ATX heading (separated by whitespace
5116+ from the text) affect the heading element. (Hence, this
5117+ option subsumes `header_attributes`.)
5118+- Attributes that occur after the opening fence
5119+ in a fenced code block affect the code block element. (Hence,
5120+ this option subsumes `fenced_code_attributes`.)
5121+- Attributes that occur at the end of a reference
5122+ link definition affect links that refer to that
5125+Note that pandoc's AST does not currently allow attributes
5126+to be attached to arbitrary elements. Hence a Span or Div
5127+container will be added if needed.
5129+#### Extension: `old_dashes` ####
5131+Selects the pandoc <= 1.8.2.1 behavior for parsing smart dashes:
5132+`-` before a numeral is an en-dash, and `--` is an em-dash.
5133+This option only has an effect if `smart` is enabled. It is
5134+selected automatically for `textile` input.
5136+#### Extension: `angle_brackets_escapable` ####
5138+Allow `<` and `>` to be backslash-escaped, as they can be in
5139+GitHub flavored Markdown but not original Markdown. This is
5140+implied by pandoc's default `all_symbols_escapable`.
5142+#### Extension: `lists_without_preceding_blankline` ####
5144+Allow a list to occur right after a paragraph, with no intervening
5147+#### Extension: `four_space_rule` ####
5149+Selects the pandoc <= 2.0 behavior for parsing lists, so that
5150+four spaces indent are needed for list item continuation
5153+#### Extension: `spaced_reference_links` ####
5155+Allow whitespace between the two components of a reference link,
5160+#### Extension: `hard_line_breaks` ####
5162+Causes all newlines within a paragraph to be interpreted as hard line
5163+breaks instead of spaces.
5165+#### Extension: `ignore_line_breaks` ####
5167+Causes newlines within a paragraph to be ignored, rather than being
5168+treated as spaces or as hard line breaks. This option is intended for
5169+use with East Asian languages where spaces are not used between words,
5170+but text is divided into lines for readability.
5172+#### Extension: `east_asian_line_breaks` ####
5174+Causes newlines within a paragraph to be ignored, rather than
5175+being treated as spaces or as hard line breaks, when they occur
5176+between two East Asian wide characters. This is a better choice
5177+than `ignore_line_breaks` for texts that include a mix of East
5178+Asian wide characters and other characters.
5180+#### Extension: `emoji` ####
5182+Parses textual emojis like `:smile:` as Unicode emoticons.
5184+#### Extension: `tex_math_single_backslash` ####
5186+Causes anything between `\(` and `\)` to be interpreted as inline
5187+TeX math, and anything between `\[` and `\]` to be interpreted
5188+as display TeX math. Note: a drawback of this extension is that
5189+it precludes escaping `(` and `[`.
5191+#### Extension: `tex_math_double_backslash` ####
5193+Causes anything between `\\(` and `\\)` to be interpreted as inline
5194+TeX math, and anything between `\\[` and `\\]` to be interpreted
5195+as display TeX math.
5197+#### Extension: `markdown_attribute` ####
5199+By default, pandoc interprets material inside block-level tags as Markdown.
5200+This extension changes the behavior so that Markdown is only parsed
5201+inside block-level tags if the tags have the attribute `markdown=1`.
5203+#### Extension: `mmd_title_block` ####
5205+Enables a [MultiMarkdown] style title block at the top of
5206+the document, for example:
5210+ Date: September 1, 2008
5211+ Comment: This is a sample mmd title block, with
5212+ a field spanning multiple lines.
5214+See the MultiMarkdown documentation for details. If `pandoc_title_block` or
5215+`yaml_metadata_block` is enabled, it will take precedence over
5218+#### Extension: `abbreviations` ####
5220+Parses PHP Markdown Extra abbreviation keys, like
5222+ *[HTML]: Hypertext Markup Language
5224+Note that the pandoc document model does not support
5225+abbreviations, so if this extension is enabled, abbreviation keys are
5226+simply skipped (as opposed to being parsed as paragraphs).
5228+#### Extension: `autolink_bare_uris` ####
5230+Makes all absolute URIs into links, even when not surrounded by
5231+pointy braces `<...>`.
5233+#### Extension: `mmd_link_attributes` ####
5235+Parses multimarkdown style key-value attributes on link
5236+and image references. This extension should not be confused with the
5237+[`link_attributes`](#extension-link_attributes) extension.
5239+ This is a reference ![image][ref] with multimarkdown attributes.
5241+ [ref]: https://path.to/image "Image title" width=20px height=30px
5242+ id=myId class="myClass1 myClass2"
5244+#### Extension: `mmd_header_identifiers` ####
5246+Parses multimarkdown style heading identifiers (in square brackets,
5247+after the heading but before any trailing `#`s in an ATX heading).
5249+#### Extension: `compact_definition_lists` ####
5251+Activates the definition list syntax of pandoc 1.12.x and earlier.
5252+This syntax differs from the one described above under [Definition lists]
5253+in several respects:
5255+ - No blank line is required between consecutive items of the
5257+ - To get a "tight" or "compact" list, omit space between consecutive
5258+ items; the space between a term and its definition does not affect
5260+ - Lazy wrapping of paragraphs is not allowed: the entire definition must
5261+ be indented four spaces.[^6]
5263+[^6]: To see why laziness is incompatible with relaxing the requirement
5264+ of a blank line between items, consider the following example:
5271+ Is this a single list item with two definitions of "bar," the first of
5272+ which is lazily wrapped, or two list items? To remove the ambiguity
5273+ we must either disallow lazy wrapping or require a blank line between
5276+#### Extension: `gutenberg` ####
5278+Use [Project Gutenberg] conventions for `plain` output:
5279+all-caps for strong emphasis, surround by underscores
5280+for regular emphasis, add extra blank space around headings.
5282+ [Project Gutenberg]: https://www.gutenberg.org
5284+#### Extension: `sourcepos` ####
5286+Include source position attributes when parsing `commonmark`.
5287+For elements that accept attributes, a `data-pos` attribute
5288+is added; other elements are placed in a surrounding
5289+Div or Span elemnet with a `data-pos` attribute.
5291+## Markdown variants
5293+In addition to pandoc's extended Markdown, the following Markdown
5294+variants are supported:
5296+- `markdown_phpextra` (PHP Markdown Extra)
5297+- `markdown_github` (deprecated GitHub-Flavored Markdown)
5298+- `markdown_mmd` (MultiMarkdown)
5299+- `markdown_strict` (Markdown.pl)
5300+- `commonmark` (CommonMark)
5301+- `gfm` (Github-Flavored Markdown)
5302+- `commonmark_x` (CommonMark with many pandoc extensions)
5304+To see which extensions are supported for a given format,
5305+and which are enabled by default, you can use the command
5307+ pandoc --list-extensions=FORMAT
5309+where `FORMAT` is replaced with the name of the format.
5311+Note that the list of extensions for `commonmark`,
5312+`gfm`, and `commonmark_x` are defined relative to default
5313+commonmark. So, for example, `backtick_code_blocks`
5314+does not appear as an extension, since it is enabled by
5315+default and cannot be disabled.
3128−Using an external filter, `pandoc-citeproc`, pandoc can automatically generate
5319+When the `--citeproc` option is used, pandoc can automatically generate
3129citations and a bibliography in a number of styles. Basic usage is
5320citations and a bibliography in a number of styles. Basic usage is
3131− pandoc --filter pandoc-citeproc myinput.txt
5322+ pandoc --citeproc myinput.txt
5324+To use this feature, you will need to have
3133−In order to use this feature, you will need to specify a bibliography file
5326+- a document containing citations (see [Extension: `citations`]);
5327+- a source of bibliographic data: either an external bibliography
5328+ file or a list of `references` in the document's YAML metadata
5329+- optionally, a [CSL] citation style.
5331+## Specifying bibliographic data
5333+You can specify an external bibliography using the
3134−using the `bibliography` metadata field in a YAML metadata section, or
5334+`bibliography` metadata field in a YAML metadata section or the
3135−`--bibliography` command line argument. You can supply multiple `--bibliography`
5335+`--bibliography` command line argument. If you want to use
5336+multiple bibliography files, you can supply multiple
3136−arguments or set `bibliography` metadata field to YAML array, if you want to
5337+`--bibliography` arguments or set `bibliography` metadata field
3137−use multiple bibliography files. The bibliography may have any of these
5338+to YAML array. A bibliography may have any of these formats:
3140 Format File extension
5340 Format File extension
3141 ------------ --------------
5341 ------------ --------------
3142 BibLaTeX .bib
5342 BibLaTeX .bib
3143 BibTeX .bibtex
5343 BibTeX .bibtex
3145 CSL JSON .json
5344 CSL JSON .json
3146 CSL YAML .yaml
5345 CSL YAML .yaml
3154Note that `.bib` can be used with both BibTeX and BibLaTeX files;
5347Note that `.bib` can be used with both BibTeX and BibLaTeX files;
3155−use `.bibtex` to force BibTeX.
5348+use the extension `.bibtex` to force interpretation as BibTeX.
3157−Note that `pandoc-citeproc --bib2json` and `pandoc-citeproc --bib2yaml`
3158−can produce `.json` and `.yaml` files from any of the supported formats.
3160−In-field markup: In BibTeX and BibLaTeX databases, pandoc-citeproc parses
5350+In BibTeX and BibLaTeX databases, pandoc parses LaTeX markup
5351+inside fields such as `title`; in CSL YAML databases, pandoc
3161−a subset of LaTeX markup; in CSL YAML databases, pandoc Markdown; and in CSL JSON databases, an [HTML-like markup][CSL markup specs]:
5352+Markdown; and in CSL JSON databases, an [HTML-like markup][CSL
3163`<i>...</i>`
5355`<i>...</i>`
3164: italics
5356: italics
@@ -3178,14 +5370,11 @@ a subset of LaTeX markup; in CSL YAML databases, pandoc Markdown; and in CSL JSO
3178`<span class="nocase">...</span>`
5370`<span class="nocase">...</span>`
3179: prevent a phrase from being capitalized as title case
5371: prevent a phrase from being capitalized as title case
3181−`pandoc-citeproc -j` and `-y` interconvert the CSL JSON
3182−and CSL YAML formats as far as possible.
3184−As an alternative to specifying a bibliography file using `--bibliography`
5373+As an alternative to specifying a bibliography file using
3185−or the YAML metadata field `bibliography`, you can include
5374+`--bibliography` or the YAML metadata field `bibliography`, you
3186−the citation data directly in the `references` field of the
5375+can include the citation data directly in the `references` field
3187−document's YAML metadata. The field should contain an array of
5376+of the document's YAML metadata. The field should contain an
3188−YAML-encoded references, for example:
5377+array of YAML-encoded references, for example:
3191 references:
5380 references:
@@ -3201,294 +5390,279 @@ YAML-encoded references, for example:
3201 - - 1953
5390 - - 1953
3204− title: 'Molecular structure of nucleic acids: a structure for deoxyribose
5393+ title: 'Molecular structure of nucleic acids: a structure for
3205− nucleic acid'
5394+ deoxyribose nucleic acid'
3206 title-short: Molecular structure of nucleic acids
5395 title-short: Molecular structure of nucleic acids
3207 container-title: Nature
5396 container-title: Nature
3208 volume: 171
5397 volume: 171
3209 issue: 4356
5398 issue: 4356
3210 page: 737-738
5399 page: 737-738
3211 DOI: 10.1038/171737a0
5400 DOI: 10.1038/171737a0
3212− URL: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v171/n4356/abs/171737a0.html
5401+ URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/171737a0
3213 language: en-GB
5402 language: en-GB
3216−(`pandoc-citeproc --bib2yaml` can produce these from a bibliography file in one
5405+If both an external bibliography and inline (YAML metadata)
3217−of the supported formats.)
5406+references are provided, both will be used. In case of
5407+conflicting `id`s, the inline references will take precedence.
3219−Citations and references can be formatted using any style supported by the
5409+Note that `pandoc` can be used to produce such a YAML metadata
3220−[Citation Style Language], listed in the [Zotero Style Repository].
5410+section from a BibTeX, BibLaTeX, or CSL JSON bibliography:
3221−These files are specified using the `--csl` option or the `csl` metadata field.
3222−By default, `pandoc-citeproc` will use the [Chicago Manual of Style] author-date
3223−format. The CSL project provides further information on [finding and editing styles].
3225−To make your citations hyperlinks to the corresponding bibliography
3226−entries, add `link-citations: true` to your YAML metadata.
3228−Citations go inside square brackets and are separated by semicolons.
3229−Each citation must have a key, composed of '@' + the citation
3230−identifier from the database, and may optionally have a prefix,
3231−a locator, and a suffix. The citation key must begin with a letter, digit,
3232−or `_`, and may contain alphanumerics, `_`, and internal punctuation
3233−characters (`:.#$%&-+?<>~/`). Here are some examples:
3235− Blah blah [see @doe99, pp. 33-35; also @smith04, chap. 1].
3237− Blah blah [@doe99, pp. 33-35, 38-39 and *passim*].
3239− Blah blah [@smith04; @doe99].
3241−`pandoc-citeproc` detects locator terms in the [CSL locale files].
3242−Either abbreviated or unabbreviated forms are accepted. In the `en-US`
3243−locale, locator terms can be written in either singular or plural forms,
3244−as `book`, `bk.`/`bks.`; `chapter`, `chap.`/`chaps.`; `column`,
3245−`col.`/`cols.`; `figure`, `fig.`/`figs.`; `folio`, `fol.`/`fols.`;
3246−`number`, `no.`/`nos.`; `line`, `l.`/`ll.`; `note`, `n.`/`nn.`; `opus`,
3247−`op.`/`opp.`; `page`, `p.`/`pp.`; `paragraph`, `para.`/`paras.`; `part`,
3248−`pt.`/`pts.`; `section`, `sec.`/`secs.`; `sub verbo`, `s.v.`/`s.vv.`;
3249−`verse`, `v.`/`vv.`; `volume`, `vol.`/`vols.`; `¶`/`¶¶`; `§`/`§§`. If no
3250−locator term is used, "page" is assumed.
3252−A minus sign (`-`) before the `@` will suppress mention of
3253−the author in the citation. This can be useful when the
3254−author is already mentioned in the text:
3256− Smith says blah [-@smith04].
3258−You can also write an in-text citation, as follows:
3260− @smith04 says blah.
3262− @smith04 [p. 33] says blah.
3264−If the style calls for a list of works cited, it will be placed
3265−at the end of the document. Normally, you will want to end your
3266−document with an appropriate header:
3268− last paragraph...
5412+ pandoc chem.bib -s -f biblatex -t markdown
3269−
5413+ pandoc chem.json -s -f csljson -t markdown
3272−The bibliography will be inserted after this header. Note that
3273−the `unnumbered` class will be added to this header, so that the
3274−section will not be numbered.
3276−If you want to include items in the bibliography without actually
3277−citing them in the body text, you can define a dummy `nocite` metadata
3278−field and put the citations there:
3280− ---
5415+Indeed, `pandoc` can convert between any of these
3281− nocite: |
5416+citation formats:
3285− @item3
5418+ pandoc chem.bib -s -f biblatex -t csljson
5419+ pandoc chem.yaml -s -f markdown -t biblatex
3287−In this example, the document will contain a citation for `item3`
5421+Running pandoc on a bibliography file with the `--citeproc`
3288−only, but the bibliography will contain entries for `item1`, `item2`, and
5422+option will create a formatted bibliography in the format
3289−`item3`.
5423+of your choice:
3291−For LaTeX or PDF output, you can also use [`natbib`] or [`biblatex`]
5425+ pandoc chem.bib -s --citeproc -o chem.html
3292−to render bibliography. In order to do so, specify bibliography files as
5426+ pandoc chem.bib -s --citeproc -o chem.pdf
3293−outlined above, and add `--natbib` or `--biblatex` argument to `pandoc`
3294−invocation. Bear in mind that bibliography files have to be in respective
3295−format (either BibTeX or BibLaTeX).
3297−For more information, see the [pandoc-citeproc man page].
5428+### Capitalization in titles
3299−[CSL markup specs]: http://docs.citationstyles.org/en/1.0/release-notes.html#rich-text-markup-within-fields
5430+If you are using a bibtex or biblatex bibliography, then observe
3300−[Chicago Manual of Style]: http://chicagomanualofstyle.org
5431+the following rules:
3301−[Citation Style Language]: http://citationstyles.org
3302−[Zotero Style Repository]: https://www.zotero.org/styles
3303−[finding and editing styles]: http://citationstyles.org/styles/
3304−[CSL locale files]: https://github.com/citation-style-language/locales
3305−[pandoc-citeproc man page]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc-citeproc/blob/master/man/pandoc-citeproc.1.md
3307−Non-pandoc extensions
5433+ - English titles should be in title case. Non-English titles should
3308−---------------------
5434+ be in sentence case, and the `langid` field in biblatex should be
5435+ set to the relevant language. (The following values are treated
5436+ as English: `american`, `british`, `canadian`, `english`,
5437+ `australian`, `newzealand`, `USenglish`, or `UKenglish`.)
3310−The following Markdown syntax extensions are not enabled by default
5439+ - As is standard with bibtex/biblatex, proper names should be
3311−in pandoc, but may be enabled by adding `+EXTENSION` to the format
5440+ protected with curly braces so that they won't be lowercased
3312−name, where `EXTENSION` is the name of the extension. Thus, for
5441+ in styles that call for sentence case. For example:
3313−example, `markdown+hard_line_breaks` is Markdown with hard line breaks.
3315−#### Extension: `lists_without_preceding_blankline` ####
5443+ title = {My Dinner with {Andre}}
3317−Allow a list to occur right after a paragraph, with no intervening
5445+ - In addition, words that should remain lowercase (or camelCase)
3318−blank space.
5446+ should be protected:
3320−#### Extension: `hard_line_breaks` ####
5448+ title = {Spin Wave Dispersion on the {nm} Scale}
3322−Causes all newlines within a paragraph to be interpreted as hard line
5450+ Though this is not necessary in bibtex/biblatex, it is necessary
3323−breaks instead of spaces.
5451+ with citeproc, which stores titles internally in sentence case,
5452+ and converts to title case in styles that require it. Here we
5453+ protect "nm" so that it doesn't get converted to "Nm" at this stage.
3325−#### Extension: `ignore_line_breaks` ####
5455+If you are using a CSL bibliography (either JSON or YAML), then observe
5456+the following rules:
3327−Causes newlines within a paragraph to be ignored, rather than being
5458+ - All titles should be in sentence case.
3328−treated as spaces or as hard line breaks. This option is intended for
3329−use with East Asian languages where spaces are not used between words,
3330−but text is divided into lines for readability.
3332−#### Extension: `east_asian_line_breaks` ####
5460+ - Use the `language` field for non-English titles to prevent their
5461+ conversion to title case in styles that call for this. (Conversion
5462+ happens only if `language` begins with `en` or is left empty.)
3334−Causes newlines within a paragraph to be ignored, rather than
5464+ - Protect words that should not be converted to title case using
3335−being treated as spaces or as hard line breaks, when they occur
5465+ this syntax:
3336−between two East Asian wide characters. This is a better choice
3337−than `ignore_line_breaks` for texts that include a mix of East
3338−Asian wide characters and other characters.
3340−##### Extension: `emoji` ####
5467+ Spin wave dispersion on the <span class="nocase">nm</span> scale
3342−Parses textual emojis like `:smile:` as Unicode emoticons.
5469+### Conference Papers, Published vs. Unpublished
3344−#### Extension: `tex_math_single_backslash` ####
5471+For a formally published conference paper, use the biblatex entry type
5472+`inproceedings` (which will be mapped to CSL `paper-conference`).
3346−Causes anything between `\(` and `\)` to be interpreted as inline
5474+For an unpublished manuscript, use the biblatex entry type
3347−TeX math, and anything between `\[` and `\]` to be interpreted
5475+`unpublished` without an `eventtitle` field (this entry type
3348−as display TeX math. Note: a drawback of this extension is that
5476+will be mapped to CSL `manuscript`).
3349−it precludes escaping `(` and `[`.
3351−#### Extension: `tex_math_double_backslash` ####
5478+For a talk, an unpublished conference paper, or a poster
5479+presentation, use the biblatex entry type `unpublished` with an
5480+`eventtitle` field (this entry type will be mapped to CSL
5481+`speech`). Use the biblatex `type` field to indicate the type,
5482+e.g. "Paper", or "Poster". `venue` and `eventdate` may be useful
5483+too, though `eventdate` will not be rendered by most CSL styles.
5484+Note that `venue` is for the event's venue, unlike `location`
5485+which describes the publisher's location; do not use the latter
5486+for an unpublished conference paper.
3353−Causes anything between `\\(` and `\\)` to be interpreted as inline
3354−TeX math, and anything between `\\[` and `\\]` to be interpreted
3355−as display TeX math.
3357−#### Extension: `markdown_attribute` ####
5489+## Specifying a citation style
3359−By default, pandoc interprets material inside block-level tags as Markdown.
5491+Citations and references can be formatted using any style supported by the
3360−This extension changes the behavior so that Markdown is only parsed
5492+[Citation Style Language], listed in the [Zotero Style Repository].
3361−inside block-level tags if the tags have the attribute `markdown=1`.
5493+These files are specified using the `--csl` option or the `csl`
5494+(or `citation-style`) metadata field. By default, pandoc will
5495+use the [Chicago Manual of Style] author-date format. (You can
5496+override this default by copying a CSL style of your choice
5497+to `default.csl` in your user data directory.)
5498+The CSL project provides further information on [finding and
5501+The `--citation-abbreviations` option (or the
5502+`citation-abbreviations` metadata field) may be used to specify
5503+a JSON file containing abbreviations of journals that should be
5504+used in formatted bibliographies when `form="short"` is
5505+specified. The format of the file can be illustrated with an
3363−#### Extension: `mmd_title_block` ####
3365−Enables a [MultiMarkdown] style title block at the top of
5509+ { "default": {
3366−the document, for example:
5510+ "container-title": {
5511+ "Lloyd's Law Reports": "Lloyd's Rep",
5512+ "Estates Gazette": "EG",
5513+ "Scots Law Times": "SLT"
3370− Date: September 1, 2008
3371− Comment: This is a sample mmd title block, with
3372− a field spanning multiple lines.
3374−See the MultiMarkdown documentation for details. If `pandoc_title_block` or
5519+## Citations in note styles
3375−`yaml_metadata_block` is enabled, it will take precedence over
3378−#### Extension: `abbreviations` ####
5521+Pandoc's citation processing is designed to allow you to
5522+move between author-date, numerical, and note styles without
5523+modifying the markdown source. When you're using a note
5524+style, avoid inserting footnotes manually. Instead, insert
5525+citations just as you would in an author-date style---for
3380−Parses PHP Markdown Extra abbreviation keys, like
5528+ Blah blah [@foo, p. 33].
3382− *[HTML]: Hypertext Markup Language
5530+The footnote will be created automatically. Pandoc will take
5531+care of removing the space and moving the note before or
5532+after the period, depending on the setting of
5533+`notes-after-punctuation`, as described below in [Other relevant
3384−Note that the pandoc document model does not support
5536+In some cases you may need to put a citation inside a regular
3385−abbreviations, so if this extension is enabled, abbreviation keys are
5537+footnote. Normal citations in footnotes (such as `[@foo, p.
3386−simply skipped (as opposed to being parsed as paragraphs).
5538+33]`) will be rendered in parentheses. In-text citations (such
5539+as `@foo [p. 33]`) will be rendered without parentheses. (A
5540+comma will be added if appropriate.) Thus:
3388−#### Extension: `autolink_bare_uris` ####
5542+ [^1]: Some studies [@foo; @bar, p. 33] show that
5543+ frubulicious zoosnaps are quantical. For a survey
5544+ of the literature, see @baz [chap. 1].
3390−Makes all absolute URIs into links, even when not surrounded by
5546+## Raw content in a style
3391−pointy braces `<...>`.
3393−#### Extension: `ascii_identifiers` ####
5548+To include raw content in a prefix, suffix, delimiter, or term,
5549+surround it with these tags indicating the format:
3395−Causes the identifiers produced by `auto_identifiers` to be pure ASCII.
5551+ {{jats}}<ref>{{/jats}}
3396−Accents are stripped off of accented latin letters, and non-latin
3397−letters are omitted.
3399−#### Extension: `mmd_link_attributes` ####
5553+Without the tags, the string will be interpreted as a string
5554+and escaped in the output, rather than being passed through raw.
3401−Parses multimarkdown style key-value attributes on link
5556+This feature allows stylesheets to be customized to give
3402−and image references. This extension should not be confused with the
5557+different output for different output formats. However,
3403−[`link_attributes`](#extension-link_attributes) extension.
5558+stylesheets customized in this way will not be usable
5559+by other CSL implementations.
3405− This is a reference ![image][ref] with multimarkdown attributes.
3407− [ref]: http://path.to/image "Image title" width=20px height=30px
3408− id=myId class="myClass1 myClass2"
3410−#### Extension: `mmd_header_identifiers` ####
5563+## Placement of the bibliography
3412−Parses multimarkdown style header identifiers (in square brackets,
5565+If the style calls for a list of works cited, it will be placed
3413−after the header but before any trailing `#`s in an ATX header).
5566+in a div with id `refs`, if one exists:
3415−#### Extension: `compact_definition_lists` ####
5568+ ::: {#refs}
3417−Activates the definition list syntax of pandoc 1.12.x and earlier.
5571+Otherwise, it will be placed at the end of the document.
3418−This syntax differs from the one described above under [Definition lists]
5572+Generation of the bibliography can be suppressed by setting
3419−in several respects:
5573+`suppress-bibliography: true` in the YAML metadata.
3421− - No blank line is required between consecutive items of the
5575+If you wish the bibliography to have a section heading, you can
3422− definition list.
5576+set `reference-section-title` in the metadata, or put the heading
3423− - To get a "tight" or "compact" list, omit space between consecutive
5577+at the beginning of the div with id `refs` (if you are using it)
3424− items; the space between a term and its definition does not affect
5578+or at the end of your document:
3426− - Lazy wrapping of paragraphs is not allowed: the entire definition must
3427− be indented four spaces.[^6]
3429−[^6]: To see why laziness is incompatible with relaxing the requirement
5580+ last paragraph...
3430− of a blank line between items, consider the following example:
3432− bar
5582+ # References
3437− Is this a single list item with two definitions of "bar," the first of
5584+The bibliography will be inserted after this heading. Note that
3438− which is lazily wrapped, or two list items? To remove the ambiguity
5585+the `unnumbered` class will be added to this heading, so that the
3439− we must either disallow lazy wrapping or require a blank line between
5586+section will not be numbered.
3442−Markdown variants
5588+## Including uncited items in the bibliography
3445−In addition to pandoc's extended Markdown, the following Markdown
5590+If you want to include items in the bibliography without actually
3446−variants are supported:
5591+citing them in the body text, you can define a dummy `nocite` metadata
5592+field and put the citations there:
3448−`markdown_phpextra` (PHP Markdown Extra)
5594+ ---
3449−: `footnotes`, `pipe_tables`, `raw_html`, `markdown_attribute`,
5595+ nocite: |
3450− `fenced_code_blocks`, `definition_lists`, `intraword_underscores`,
5596+ @item1, @item2
3451− `header_attributes`, `link_attributes`, `abbreviations`,
5597+ ...
3452− `shortcut_reference_links`.
3454−`markdown_github` (GitHub-Flavored Markdown)
5599+ @item3
3455−: `pipe_tables`, `raw_html`, `fenced_code_blocks`, `auto_identifiers`,
3456− `ascii_identifiers`, `backtick_code_blocks`, `autolink_bare_uris`,
3457− `intraword_underscores`, `strikeout`, `hard_line_breaks`, `emoji`,
3458− `shortcut_reference_links`.
3460−`markdown_mmd` (MultiMarkdown)
5601+In this example, the document will contain a citation for `item3`
3461−: `pipe_tables`, `raw_html`, `markdown_attribute`, `mmd_link_attributes`,
5602+only, but the bibliography will contain entries for `item1`, `item2`, and
3462− `raw_tex`, `tex_math_double_backslash`, `intraword_underscores`,
5603+`item3`.
3463− `mmd_title_block`, `footnotes`, `definition_lists`,
3464− `all_symbols_escapable`, `implicit_header_references`,
3465− `auto_identifiers`, `mmd_header_identifiers`,
3466− `shortcut_reference_links`.
3468−`markdown_strict` (Markdown.pl)
5605+It is possible to create a bibliography with all the citations,
3469−: `raw_html`
5606+whether or not they appear in the document, by using a wildcard:
3471−Extensions with formats other than Markdown
5608+ ---
3472−-------------------------------------------
5609+ nocite: |
3474−Some of the extensions discussed above can be used with formats
5613+For LaTeX output, you can also use [`natbib`] or [`biblatex`] to
3475−other than Markdown:
5614+render the bibliography. In order to do so, specify bibliography
5615+files as outlined above, and add `--natbib` or `--biblatex`
5616+argument to `pandoc` invocation. Bear in mind that bibliography
5617+files have to be in either BibTeX (for `--natbib`)
5618+or BibLaTeX (for `--biblatex`) format.
3477−* `auto_identifiers` can be used with `latex`, `rst`, `mediawiki`,
5620+## Other relevant metadata fields
3478− and `textile` input (and is used by default).
3480−* `tex_math_dollars`, `tex_math_single_backslash`, and
5622+A few other metadata fields affect bibliography formatting:
3481− `tex_math_double_backslash` can be used with `html` input.
3482− (This is handy for reading web pages formatted using MathJax,
3485−Producing slide shows with pandoc
5624+`link-citations`
3486−=================================
5625+: If true, citations will be
5626+ hyperlinked to the corresponding bibliography entries
5627+ (for author-date and numerical styles only).
5630+: The `lang` field will affect how the style is localized,
5631+ for example in the translation of labels, the use
5632+ of quotation marks, and the way items are sorted.
5633+ (For backwards compatibility, `locale` may be used instead
5634+ of `lang`, but this use is deprecated.)
5636+ A BCP 47 language tag is expected: for example, `en`,
5637+ `de`, `en-US`, `fr-CA`, `ug-Cyrl`. The unicode extension
5638+ syntax (after `-u-`) may be used to specify options for
5639+ collation (sorting) more precisely. Here are some examples:
5641+ - `zh-u-co-pinyin` -- Chinese with the Pinyin collation.
5642+ - `es-u-co-trad` -- Spanish with the traditional collation
5643+ (with `Ch` sorting after `C`).
5644+ - `fr-u-kb` -- French with "backwards" accent sorting
5645+ (with `coté` sorting after `côte`).
5646+ - `en-US-u-kf-upper` -- English with uppercase letters sorting
5647+ before lower (default is lower before upper).
5649+`notes-after-punctuation`
5650+: If true (the default), pandoc will put footnote citations
5651+ after following punctuation. For example, if the source
5652+ contains `blah blah [@jones99].`, the result will look like
5653+ `blah blah.[^1]`, with the note moved after the period and
5654+ the space collapsed. If false, the space will still be
5655+ collapsed, but the footnote will not be moved after the
3488−You can use pandoc to produce an HTML + javascript slide presentation
5661+You can use pandoc to produce an HTML + JavaScript slide presentation
3489that can be viewed via a web browser. There are five ways to do this,
5662that can be viewed via a web browser. There are five ways to do this,
3490using [S5], [DZSlides], [Slidy], [Slideous], or [reveal.js].
5663using [S5], [DZSlides], [Slidy], [Slideous], or [reveal.js].
3491−You can also produce a PDF slide show using LaTeX [`beamer`].
5664+You can also produce a PDF slide show using LaTeX [`beamer`], or
5665+slides shows in Microsoft [PowerPoint] format.
3493Here's the Markdown source for a simple slide show, `habits.txt`:
5667Here's the Markdown source for a simple slide show, `habits.txt`:
@@ -3524,24 +5698,27 @@ Here's the Markdown source for a simple slide show, `habits.txt`:
3524 - Get in bed
5698 - Get in bed
3525 - Count sheep
5699 - Count sheep
3527−To produce an HTML/javascript slide show, simply type
5701+To produce an HTML/JavaScript slide show, simply type
3529 pandoc -t FORMAT -s habits.txt -o habits.html
5703 pandoc -t FORMAT -s habits.txt -o habits.html
3531where `FORMAT` is either `s5`, `slidy`, `slideous`, `dzslides`, or `revealjs`.
5705where `FORMAT` is either `s5`, `slidy`, `slideous`, `dzslides`, or `revealjs`.
3533−For Slidy, Slideous, reveal.js, and S5, the file produced by pandoc with the
5707+For Slidy, Slideous, reveal.js, and S5, the file produced by
3534−`-s/--standalone` option embeds a link to javascripts and CSS files, which are
5708+pandoc with the `-s/--standalone` option embeds a link to
5709+JavaScript and CSS files, which are assumed to be available at
3535−assumed to be available at the relative path `s5/default` (for S5), `slideous`
5710+the relative path `s5/default` (for S5), `slideous` (for
3536−(for Slideous), `reveal.js` (for reveal.js), or at the Slidy website at
5711+Slideous), `reveal.js` (for reveal.js), or at the Slidy website
3537−`w3.org` (for Slidy). (These paths can be changed by setting the `slidy-url`,
5712+at `w3.org` (for Slidy). (These paths can be changed by setting
5713+the `slidy-url`, `slideous-url`, `revealjs-url`, or `s5-url`
3538−`slideous-url`, `revealjs-url`, or `s5-url` variables; see [Variables for slides],
5714+variables; see [Variables for HTML slides], above.) For
3539−above.) For DZSlides, the (relatively short) javascript and css are included in
5715+DZSlides, the (relatively short) JavaScript and CSS are included
3540−the file by default.
5716+in the file by default.
3542−With all HTML slide formats, the `--self-contained` option can be used to
5718+With all HTML slide formats, the `--self-contained` option can
3543−produce a single file that contains all of the data necessary to display the
5719+be used to produce a single file that contains all of the data
5720+necessary to display the slide show, including linked scripts,
3544−slide show, including linked scripts, stylesheets, images, and videos.
5721+stylesheets, images, and videos.
3546To produce a PDF slide show using beamer, type
5723To produce a PDF slide show using beamer, type
@@ -3550,14 +5727,17 @@ To produce a PDF slide show using beamer, type
3550Note that a reveal.js slide show can also be converted to a PDF
5727Note that a reveal.js slide show can also be converted to a PDF
3551by printing it to a file from the browser.
5728by printing it to a file from the browser.
3553−Structuring the slide show
5730+To produce a Powerpoint slide show, type
3554−--------------------------
5732+ pandoc habits.txt -o habits.pptx
5734+## Structuring the slide show
3556−By default, the *slide level* is the highest header level in
5736+By default, the *slide level* is the highest heading level in
3557the hierarchy that is followed immediately by content, and not another
5737the hierarchy that is followed immediately by content, and not another
3558−header, somewhere in the document. In the example above, level 1 headers
5738+heading, somewhere in the document. In the example above, level-1 headings
3559−are always followed by level 2 headers, which are followed by content,
5739+are always followed by level-2 headings, which are followed by content,
3560−so 2 is the slide level. This default can be overridden using
5740+so the slide level is 2. This default can be overridden using
3561the `--slide-level` option.
5741the `--slide-level` option.
3563The document is carved up into slides according to the following
5743The document is carved up into slides according to the following
@@ -3565,14 +5745,21 @@ rules:
3566 * A horizontal rule always starts a new slide.
5746 * A horizontal rule always starts a new slide.
3568− * A header at the slide level always starts a new slide.
5748+ * A heading at the slide level always starts a new slide.
3570− * Headers *below* the slide level in the hierarchy create
5750+ * Headings *below* the slide level in the hierarchy create
3571− headers *within* a slide.
5751+ headings *within* a slide. (In beamer, a "block" will be
5752+ created. If the heading has the class `example`, an
5753+ `exampleblock` environment will be used; if it has the class
5754+ `alert`, an `alertblock` will be used; otherwise a regular
5755+ `block` will be used.)
3573− * Headers *above* the slide level in the hierarchy create
5757+ * Headings *above* the slide level in the hierarchy create
3574 "title slides," which just contain the section title
5758 "title slides," which just contain the section title
3575 and help to break the slide show into sections.
5759 and help to break the slide show into sections.
5760+ Non-slide content under these headings will be included
5761+ on the title slide (for HTML slide shows) or in a
5762+ subsequent slide with the same title (for beamer).
3577 * A title page is constructed automatically from the document's title
5764 * A title page is constructed automatically from the document's title
3578 block, if present. (In the case of beamer, this can be disabled
5765 block, if present. (In the case of beamer, this can be disabled
@@ -3580,32 +5767,57 @@ rules:
3581These rules are designed to support many different styles of slide show. If
5768These rules are designed to support many different styles of slide show. If
3582you don't care about structuring your slides into sections and subsections,
5769you don't care about structuring your slides into sections and subsections,
3583−you can just use level 1 headers for all each slide. (In that case, level 1
5770+you can just use level-1 headings for all each slide. (In that case, level-1
3584will be the slide level.) But you can also structure the slide show into
5771will be the slide level.) But you can also structure the slide show into
3585sections, as in the example above.
5772sections, as in the example above.
3587Note: in reveal.js slide shows, if slide level is 2, a two-dimensional
5774Note: in reveal.js slide shows, if slide level is 2, a two-dimensional
3588−layout will be produced, with level 1 headers building horizontally
5775+layout will be produced, with level-1 headings building horizontally
3589−and level 2 headers building vertically. It is not recommended that
5776+and level-2 headings building vertically. It is not recommended that
3590you use deeper nesting of section levels with reveal.js.
5777you use deeper nesting of section levels with reveal.js.
3592−Incremental lists
5779+## Incremental lists
3595By default, these writers produce lists that display "all at once."
5781By default, these writers produce lists that display "all at once."
3596If you want your lists to display incrementally (one item at a time),
5782If you want your lists to display incrementally (one item at a time),
3597use the `-i` option. If you want a particular list to depart from the
5783use the `-i` option. If you want a particular list to depart from the
5784+default, put it in a `div` block with class `incremental` or
5785+`nonincremental`. So, for example, using the `fenced div` syntax, the
5786+following would be incremental regardless of the document default:
5804+While using `incremental` and `nonincremental` divs are the
5805+recommended method of setting incremental lists on a per-case basis,
5806+an older method is also supported: putting lists inside a blockquote
5807+will depart from the document default (that is, it will display
3598−default (that is, to display incrementally without the `-i` option and
5808+incrementally without the `-i` option and all at once with the `-i`
3599−all at once with the `-i` option), put it in a block quote:
5809+option):
3601 > - Eat spaghetti
5811 > - Eat spaghetti
3602 > - Drink wine
5812 > - Drink wine
3604−In this way incremental and nonincremental lists can be mixed in
5814+Both methods allow incremental and nonincremental lists to be mixed
3605−a single document.
5815+in a single document.
5817+Note: Neither the `-i/--incremental` option nor any of the
5818+methods described here currently works for PowerPoint output.
3607−Inserting pauses
5820+## Inserting pauses
3610You can add "pauses" within a slide by including a paragraph containing
5822You can add "pauses" within a slide by including a paragraph containing
3611three dots, separated by spaces:
5823three dots, separated by spaces:
@@ -3618,8 +5830,9 @@ three dots, separated by spaces:
3619 content after the pause
5831 content after the pause
5833+Note: this feature is not yet implemented for PowerPoint output.
3621−Styling the slides
5835+## Styling the slides
3624You can change the style of HTML slides by putting customized CSS files
5837You can change the style of HTML slides by putting customized CSS files
3625in `$DATADIR/s5/default` (for S5), `$DATADIR/slidy` (for Slidy),
5838in `$DATADIR/s5/default` (for S5), `$DATADIR/slidy` (for Slidy),
@@ -3644,9 +5857,9 @@ To style beamer slides, you can specify a `theme`, `colortheme`,
3645 pandoc -t beamer habits.txt -V theme:Warsaw -o habits.pdf
5858 pandoc -t beamer habits.txt -V theme:Warsaw -o habits.pdf
3647−Note that header attributes will turn into slide attributes
5860+Note that heading attributes will turn into slide attributes
3648(on a `<div>` or `<section>`) in HTML slide formats, allowing you
5861(on a `<div>` or `<section>`) in HTML slide formats, allowing you
3649−to style individual slides. In beamer, the only header attribute
5862+to style individual slides. In beamer, the only heading attribute
3650that affects slides is the `allowframebreaks` class, which sets the
5863that affects slides is the `allowframebreaks` class, which sets the
3651`allowframebreaks` option, causing multiple slides to be created
5864`allowframebreaks` option, causing multiple slides to be created
3652if the content overfills the frame. This is recommended especially for
5865if the content overfills the frame. This is recommended especially for
@@ -3654,30 +5867,82 @@ bibliographies:
3655 # References {.allowframebreaks}
5868 # References {.allowframebreaks}
3657−Speaker notes
5870+## Speaker notes
5872+Speaker notes are supported in reveal.js and PowerPoint (pptx)
5873+output. You can add notes to your Markdown document thus:
3660−reveal.js has good support for speaker notes. You can add notes to your
5875+ ::: notes
3661−Markdown document thus:
3663− <div class="notes">
3664 This is my note.
5877 This is my note.
3666 - It can contain Markdown
5879 - It can contain Markdown
3667 - like this list
5880 - like this list
5884+To show the notes window in reveal.js, press `s` while viewing the
5885+presentation. Speaker notes in PowerPoint will be available, as usual,
5886+in handouts and presenter view.
3671−To show the notes window, press `s` while viewing the presentation.
3672Notes are not yet supported for other slide formats, but the notes
5888Notes are not yet supported for other slide formats, but the notes
3673will not appear on the slides themselves.
5889will not appear on the slides themselves.
5893+To put material in side by side columns, you can use a native
5894+div container with class `columns`, containing two or more div
5895+containers with class `column` and a `width` attribute:
5897+ :::::::::::::: {.columns}
5898+ ::: {.column width="40%"}
5901+ ::: {.column width="60%"}
5906+### Additional columns attributes in beamer
5908+The div containers with classes `columns` and `column` can optionally have
5909+an `align` attribute.
5910+The class `columns` can optionally have a `totalwidth` attribute or an
5911+`onlytextwidth` class.
5913+ :::::::::::::: {.columns align=center totalwidth=8em}
5914+ ::: {.column width="40%"}
5917+ ::: {.column width="60%" align=bottom}
5922+The `align` attributes on `columns` and `column` can be used with the
5923+values `top`, `top-baseline`, `center` and `bottom` to vertically align
5924+the columns. It defaults to `top` in `columns`.
5926+The `totalwidth` attribute limits the width of the columns to the given value.
5928+ :::::::::::::: {.columns align=top .onlytextwidth}
5929+ ::: {.column width="40%" align=center}
5932+ ::: {.column width="60%"}
5937+The class `onlytextwidth` sets the `totalwidth` to `\textwidth`.
5939+See Section 12.7 of the [Beamer User's Guide] for more details.
3675−Frame attributes in beamer
5941+## Frame attributes in beamer
3676−--------------------------
3678Sometimes it is necessary to add the LaTeX `[fragile]` option to
5943Sometimes it is necessary to add the LaTeX `[fragile]` option to
3679a frame in beamer (for example, when using the `minted` environment).
5944a frame in beamer (for example, when using the `minted` environment).
3680−This can be forced by adding the `fragile` class to the header
5945+This can be forced by adding the `fragile` class to the heading
3681introducing the slide:
5946introducing the slide:
3683 # Fragile slide {.fragile}
5948 # Fragile slide {.fragile}
@@ -3685,13 +5950,64 @@ introducing the slide:
3685All of the other frame attributes described in Section 8.1 of
5950All of the other frame attributes described in Section 8.1 of
3686the [Beamer User's Guide] may also be used: `allowdisplaybreaks`,
5951the [Beamer User's Guide] may also be used: `allowdisplaybreaks`,
3687`allowframebreaks`, `b`, `c`, `t`, `environment`, `label`, `plain`,
5952`allowframebreaks`, `b`, `c`, `t`, `environment`, `label`, `plain`,
3688−`shrink`.
5953+`shrink`, `standout`, `noframenumbering`.
5955+## Background in reveal.js and beamer
5957+Background images can be added to self-contained reveal.js slideshows and
5958+to beamer slideshows.
5960+For the same image on every slide, use the configuration
5961+option `background-image` either in the YAML metadata block
5962+or as a command-line variable. (There are no other options in
5963+beamer and the rest of this section concerns reveal.js slideshows.)
5965+For reveal.js, you can instead use the reveal.js-native option
5966+`parallaxBackgroundImage`. You can also set `parallaxBackgroundHorizontal`
5967+and `parallaxBackgroundVertical` the same way and must also set
5968+`parallaxBackgroundSize` to have your values take effect.
5970+To set an image for a particular reveal.js slide, add
5971+`{data-background-image="/path/to/image"}`
5972+to the first slide-level heading on the slide (which may even be empty).
5974+In reveal.js's overview mode, the parallaxBackgroundImage will show up
5975+only on the first slide.
5977+Other reveal.js background settings also work on individual slides, including
5978+`data-background-size`, `data-background-repeat`, `data-background-color`,
5979+`data-transition`, and `data-transition-speed`.
5981+To add a background image to the automatically generated title slide, use the
5982+`title-slide-attributes` variable in the YAML metadata block. It must contain
5983+a map of attribute names and values.
5985+See the [reveal.js documentation](https://revealjs.com/backgrounds/) for more
5988+For example in reveal.js:
5993+parallaxBackgroundImage: /path/to/my/background_image.png
5994+title-slide-attributes:
5995+ data-background-image: /path/to/title_image.png
5996+ data-background-size: contain
6001+Slide 1 has background_image.png as its background.
3690−Creating EPUBs with pandoc
6003+## {data-background-image="/path/to/special_image.jpg"}
3691−==========================
6005+Slide 2 has a special image for its background, even though the heading has no content.
3693−EPUB Metadata
6010+## EPUB Metadata
3696EPUB metadata may be specified using the `--epub-metadata` option, but
6012EPUB metadata may be specified using the `--epub-metadata` option, but
3697if the source document is Markdown, it is better to use a [YAML metadata
6013if the source document is Markdown, it is better to use a [YAML metadata
@@ -3713,6 +6029,8 @@ block][Extension: `yaml_metadata_block`]. Here is an example:
3713 text: doi:10.234234.234/33
6029 text: doi:10.234234.234/33
3714 publisher: My Press
6030 publisher: My Press
3715 rights: © 2007 John Smith, CC BY-NC
6031 rights: © 2007 John Smith, CC BY-NC
3718The following fields are recognized:
6036The following fields are recognized:
@@ -3767,132 +6085,296 @@ The following fields are recognized:
3769 ~ A string value.
6087 ~ A string value.
6089+`belongs-to-collection`
6090+ ~ A string value. identifies the name of a collection to which
6091+ the EPUB Publication belongs.
6094+ ~ The `group-position` field indicates the numeric position in which
6095+ the EPUB Publication belongs relative to other works belonging to
6096+ the same `belongs-to-collection` field.
3771`cover-image`
6098`cover-image`
3772 ~ A string value (path to cover image).
6099 ~ A string value (path to cover image).
3774−`stylesheet`
6101+`css` (or legacy: `stylesheet`)
3775 ~ A string value (path to CSS stylesheet).
6102 ~ A string value (path to CSS stylesheet).
3777`page-progression-direction`
6104`page-progression-direction`
3778 ~ Either `ltr` or `rtl`. Specifies the `page-progression-direction`
6105 ~ Either `ltr` or `rtl`. Specifies the `page-progression-direction`
3779 attribute for the [`spine` element].
6106 attribute for the [`spine` element].
3781−[MARC relators]: http://loc.gov/marc/relators/relaterm.html
6108+`ibooks`
3782−[`spine` element]: http://idpf.org/epub/301/spec/epub-publications.html#sec-spine-elem
6109+ ~ iBooks-specific metadata, with the following fields:
6111+ - `version`: (string)
6112+ - `specified-fonts`: `true`|`false` (default `false`)
6113+ - `ipad-orientation-lock`: `portrait-only`|`landscape-only`
6114+ - `iphone-orientation-lock`: `portrait-only`|`landscape-only`
6115+ - `binding`: `true`|`false` (default `true`)
6116+ - `scroll-axis`: `vertical`|`horizontal`|`default`
3784−Linked media
6118+[MARC relators]: https://loc.gov/marc/relators/relaterm.html
3785−------------
6119+[`spine` element]: http://idpf.org/epub/301/spec/epub-publications.html#sec-spine-elem
6121+## The `epub:type` attribute
6123+For `epub3` output, you can mark up the heading that corresponds to an EPUB
6124+chapter using the [`epub:type` attribute][epub-type]. For example, to set
6125+the attribute to the value `prologue`, use this markdown:
6127+ # My chapter {epub:type=prologue}
6129+Which will result in:
6131+ <body epub:type="frontmatter">
6132+ <section epub:type="prologue">
6133+ <h1>My chapter</h1>
6135+Pandoc will output `<body epub:type="bodymatter">`, unless
6136+you use one of the following values, in which case either
6137+`frontmatter` or `backmatter` will be output.
6139+`epub:type` of first section `epub:type` of body
6140+---------------------------- ------------------
6141+prologue frontmatter
6142+abstract frontmatter
6143+acknowledgments frontmatter
6144+copyright-page frontmatter
6145+dedication frontmatter
6147+keywords frontmatter
6149+contributors frontmatter
6150+other-credits frontmatter
6152+revision-history frontmatter
6153+titlepage frontmatter
6154+halftitlepage frontmatter
6155+seriespage frontmatter
6156+foreword frontmatter
6160+bibliography backmatter
6163+[epub-type]: http://www.idpf.org/epub/31/spec/epub-contentdocs.html#sec-epub-type-attribute
3787−By default, pandoc will download linked media (including audio and
6167+By default, pandoc will download media referenced from any `<img>`, `<audio>`,
6168+`<video>` or `<source>` element present in the generated EPUB,
3788−video) and include it in the EPUB container, yielding a completely
6169+and include it in the EPUB container, yielding a completely
3789self-contained EPUB. If you want to link to external media resources
6170self-contained EPUB. If you want to link to external media resources
3790instead, use raw HTML in your source and add `data-external="1"` to the tag
6171instead, use raw HTML in your source and add `data-external="1"` to the tag
3791with the `src` attribute. For example:
6172with the `src` attribute. For example:
3793 <audio controls="1">
6174 <audio controls="1">
3794− <source src="http://example.com/music/toccata.mp3"
6175+ <source src="https://example.com/music/toccata.mp3"
3795 data-external="1" type="audio/mpeg">
6176 data-external="1" type="audio/mpeg">
3796 </source>
6177 </source>
3797 </audio>
6178 </audio>
3799−Literate Haskell support
6180+# Jupyter notebooks
3800−========================
6181+
6182+When creating a [Jupyter notebook], pandoc will try to infer the
6183+notebook structure. Code blocks with the class `code` will be
6184+taken as code cells, and intervening content will be taken as
6185+Markdown cells. Attachments will automatically be created for
6186+images in Markdown cells. Metadata will be taken from the
6187+`jupyter` metadata field. For example:
6196+ display_name: Python 2
6203+ file_extension: ".py"
6204+ mimetype: "text/x-python"
6206+ nbconvert_exporter: "python"
6207+ pygments_lexer: "ipython2"
6213+**Lorem ipsum** dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nunc luctus
6214+bibendum felis dictum sodales.
3802−If you append `+lhs` (or `+literate_haskell`) to an appropriate input or output
6220+## Pyout
3803−format (`markdown`, `markdown_strict`, `rst`, or `latex` for input or output;
3804−`beamer`, `html` or `html5` for output only), pandoc will treat the document as
3805−literate Haskell source. This means that
3807− - In Markdown input, "bird track" sections will be parsed as Haskell
6222+``` code
3808− code rather than block quotations. Text between `\begin{code}`
6223+from IPython.display import HTML
3809− and `\end{code}` will also be treated as Haskell code. For
6224+HTML("""
3810− ATX-style headers the character '=' will be used instead of '#'.
6225+<script>
6226+console.log("hello");
3812− - In Markdown output, code blocks with classes `haskell` and `literate`
6232+## Image
3813− will be rendered using bird tracks, and block quotations will be
3814− indented one space, so they will not be treated as Haskell code.
3815− In addition, headers will be rendered setext-style (with underlines)
3816− rather than ATX-style (with '#' characters). (This is because ghc
3817− treats '#' characters in column 1 as introducing line numbers.)
3819− - In restructured text input, "bird track" sections will be parsed
6234+This image  will be
3820− as Haskell code.
6235+included as a cell attachment.
3822− - In restructured text output, code blocks with class `haskell` will
6238+If you want to add cell attributes, group cells differently, or
3823− be rendered using bird tracks.
6239+add output to code cells, then you need to include divs to
6240+indicate the structure. You can use either [fenced
6241+divs][Extension: `fenced_divs`] or [native divs][Extension:
6242+`native_divs`] for this. Here is an example:
3825− - In LaTeX input, text in `code` environments will be parsed as
6244+````
3826− Haskell code.
6245+:::::: {.cell .markdown}
3828− - In LaTeX output, code blocks with class `haskell` will be rendered
6248+**Lorem ipsum** dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nunc luctus
3829− inside `code` environments.
6249+bibendum felis dictum sodales.
3831− - In HTML output, code blocks with class `haskell` will be rendered
6252+:::::: {.cell .code execution_count=1}
3832− with class `literatehaskell` and bird tracks.
6253+``` {.python}
3834−Examples:
6257+::: {.output .stream .stdout}
6264+:::::: {.cell .code execution_count=2}
6266+from IPython.display import HTML
6269+console.log("hello");
3836− pandoc -f markdown+lhs -t html
6275+::: {.output .execute_result execution_count=2}
6278+console.log("hello");
6287+If you include raw HTML or TeX in an output cell, use the
6288+[raw attribute][Extension: `fenced_attribute`], as shown
6289+in the last cell of the example above. Although pandoc can
6290+process "bare" raw HTML and TeX, the result is often
6291+interspersed raw elements and normal textual elements, and
6292+in an output cell pandoc expects a single, connected raw
6293+block. To avoid using raw HTML or TeX except when
6294+marked explicitly using raw attributes, we recommend
6295+specifying the extensions `-raw_html-raw_tex+raw_attribute` when
6296+translating between Markdown and ipynb notebooks.
6298+Note that options and extensions that affect reading and
6299+writing of Markdown will also affect Markdown cells in ipynb
6300+notebooks. For example, `--wrap=preserve` will preserve
6301+soft line breaks in Markdown cells; `--atx-headers` will
6302+cause ATX-style headings to be used; and `--preserve-tabs` will
6303+prevent tabs from being turned to spaces.
6305+# Syntax highlighting
3838−reads literate Haskell source formatted with Markdown conventions and writes
6307+Pandoc will automatically highlight syntax in [fenced code blocks] that
3839−ordinary HTML (without bird tracks).
6308+are marked with a language name. The Haskell library [skylighting] is
6309+used for highlighting. Currently highlighting is supported only for
6310+HTML, EPUB, Docx, Ms, and LaTeX/PDF output. To see a list of language names
6311+that pandoc will recognize, type `pandoc --list-highlight-languages`.
3841− pandoc -f markdown+lhs -t html+lhs
6313+The color scheme can be selected using the `--highlight-style` option.
6314+The default color scheme is `pygments`, which imitates the default color
6315+scheme used by the Python library pygments (though pygments is not actually
6316+used to do the highlighting). To see a list of highlight styles,
6317+type `pandoc --list-highlight-styles`.
3843−writes HTML with the Haskell code in bird tracks, so it can be copied
6319+If you are not satisfied with the predefined styles, you can
3844−and pasted as literate Haskell source.
6320+use `--print-highlight-style` to generate a JSON `.theme` file which
6321+can be modified and used as the argument to `--highlight-style`. To
6322+get a JSON version of the `pygments` style, for example:
3846−Syntax highlighting
6324+ pandoc --print-highlight-style pygments > my.theme
3849−Pandoc will automatically highlight syntax in [fenced code blocks] that
6326+Then edit `my.theme` and use it like this:
3850−are marked with a language name. The Haskell library [highlighting-kate] is used for
6327+
3851−highlighting, which works in HTML, Docx, and LaTeX/PDF output.
6328+ pandoc --highlight-style my.theme
3852−The color scheme can be selected using the `--highlight-style` option.
3853−The default color scheme is `pygments`, which imitates the default color
3854−scheme used by the Python library pygments, but pygments is not actually
3855−used to do the highlighting.
3857−To see a list of language names that pandoc will recognize, type
6330+If you are not satisfied with the built-in highlighting, or you
3858−`pandoc --version`.
6331+want highlight a language that isn't supported, you can use the
6332+`--syntax-definition` option to load a [KDE-style XML syntax definition
6333+file](https://docs.kde.org/stable5/en/kate/katepart/highlight.html).
6334+Before writing your own, have a look at KDE's [repository of syntax
6335+definitions](https://github.com/KDE/syntax-highlighting/tree/master/data/syntax).
3860To disable highlighting, use the `--no-highlight` option.
6337To disable highlighting, use the `--no-highlight` option.
3862−[highlighting-kate]: https://github.com/jgm/highlighting-kate
6339+[skylighting]: https://github.com/jgm/skylighting
6343+Custom styles can be used in the docx and ICML formats.
3864−Custom Styles in Docx Output
6345+## Output
3865−============================
3867−By default, pandoc's docx output applies a predefined set of styles for
6347+By default, pandoc's docx and ICML output applies a predefined set of styles
3868−blocks such as paragraphs and block quotes, and uses largely default
6348+for blocks such as paragraphs and block quotes, and uses largely default
3869formatting (italics, bold) for inlines. This will work for most
6349formatting (italics, bold) for inlines. This will work for most
3870purposes, especially alongside a `reference.docx` file. However, if you
6350purposes, especially alongside a `reference.docx` file. However, if you
3871need to apply your own styles to blocks, or match a preexisting set of
6351need to apply your own styles to blocks, or match a preexisting set of
3872styles, pandoc allows you to define custom styles for blocks and text
6352styles, pandoc allows you to define custom styles for blocks and text
3873−using `div`s and `span`s, respecitively.
6353+using `div`s and `span`s, respectively.
3875If you define a `div` or `span` with the attribute `custom-style`,
6355If you define a `div` or `span` with the attribute `custom-style`,
3876−pandoc will apply your specified style to the contained elements. So,
6356+pandoc will apply your specified style to the contained elements (with
3877−for example,
6357+the exception of elements whose function depends on a style, like
6358+headings, code blocks, block quotes, or links). So, for example, using
6359+the `bracketed_spans` syntax,
3879− <span custom-style="Emphatically">Get out,</span> he said.
6361+ [Get out]{custom-style="Emphatically"}, he said.
3881−would produce a docx file with "Get out," styled with character
6363+would produce a docx file with "Get out" styled with character
3882−style `Emphatically`. Similarly,
6364+style `Emphatically`. Similarly, using the `fenced_divs` syntax,
3884 Dickinson starts the poem simply:
6366 Dickinson starts the poem simply:
3886− <div custom-style="Poetry">
6368+ ::: {custom-style="Poetry"}
3887 | A Bird came down the Walk---
6369 | A Bird came down the Walk---
3888 | He did not know I saw---
6370 | He did not know I saw---
3891would style the two contained lines with the `Poetry` paragraph style.
6373would style the two contained lines with the `Poetry` paragraph style.
3893−If the styles are not yet in your reference.docx, they will be defined
3894−in the output file as inheriting from normal text. If they are already
6375+For docx output, styles will be defined in the output file as inheriting
6376+from normal text, if the styles are not yet in your reference.docx.
3895−defined, pandoc will not alter the definition.
6377+If they are already defined, pandoc will not alter the definition.
3897This feature allows for greatest customization in conjunction with
6379This feature allows for greatest customization in conjunction with
3898[pandoc filters]. If you want all paragraphs after block quotes to be
6380[pandoc filters]. If you want all paragraphs after block quotes to be
@@ -3902,190 +6384,137 @@ want all italics to be transformed to the `Emphasis` character style
3902transform all italicized inlines to inlines within an `Emphasis`
6384transform all italicized inlines to inlines within an `Emphasis`
3903custom-style `span`.
6385custom-style `span`.
6387+For docx output, you don't need to enable any extensions for
6388+custom styles to work.
3905−[pandoc filters]: http://pandoc.org/scripting.html
6390+[pandoc filters]: https://pandoc.org/filters.html
6394+The docx reader, by default, only reads those styles that it can
6395+convert into pandoc elements, either by direct conversion or
6396+interpreting the derivation of the input document's styles.
6398+By enabling the [`styles` extension](#ext-styles) in the docx reader
6399+(`-f docx+styles`), you can produce output that maintains the styles
6400+of the input document, using the `custom-style` class. Paragraph
6401+styles are interpreted as divs, while character styles are interpreted
6404+For example, using the `custom-style-reference.docx` file in the test
6405+directory, we have the following different outputs:
6407+Without the `+styles` extension:
6409+ $ pandoc test/docx/custom-style-reference.docx -f docx -t markdown
6412+ This is text with an *emphasized* text style. And this is text with a
6413+ **strengthened** text style.
6415+ > Here is a styled paragraph that inherits from Block Text.
6417+And with the extension:
6419+ $ pandoc test/docx/custom-style-reference.docx -f docx+styles -t markdown
6421+ ::: {custom-style="First Paragraph"}
6425+ ::: {custom-style="Body Text"}
6426+ This is text with an [emphasized]{custom-style="Emphatic"} text style.
6427+ And this is text with a [strengthened]{custom-style="Strengthened"}
6431+ ::: {custom-style="My Block Style"}
6432+ > Here is a styled paragraph that inherits from Block Text.
6435+With these custom styles, you can use your input document as a
6436+reference-doc while creating docx output (see below), and maintain the
6437+same styles in your input and output files.
3907−Custom writers
6439+# Custom writers
3910−Pandoc can be extended with custom writers written in [lua]. (Pandoc
6441+Pandoc can be extended with custom writers written in [Lua]. (Pandoc
3911−includes a lua interpreter, so lua need not be installed separately.)
6442+includes a Lua interpreter, so Lua need not be installed separately.)
3913−To use a custom writer, simply specify the path to the lua script
6444+To use a custom writer, simply specify the path to the Lua script
3914in place of the output format. For example:
6445in place of the output format. For example:
3916 pandoc -t data/sample.lua
6447 pandoc -t data/sample.lua
3918−Creating a custom writer requires writing a lua function for each
6449+Creating a custom writer requires writing a Lua function for each
3919possible element in a pandoc document. To get a documented example
6450possible element in a pandoc document. To get a documented example
3920which you can modify according to your needs, do
6451which you can modify according to your needs, do
3922 pandoc --print-default-data-file sample.lua
6453 pandoc --print-default-data-file sample.lua
6455+Note that custom writers have no default template. If you want
6456+to use `--standalone` with a custom writer, you will need to
6457+specify a template manually using `--template` or add a new
6458+default template with the name
6459+`default.NAME_OF_CUSTOM_WRITER.lua` to the `templates`
6460+subdirectory of your user data directory (see [Templates]).
3924−[lua]: http://www.lua.org
6462+[Lua]: https://www.lua.org
6464+# Reproducible builds
6466+Some of the document formats pandoc targets (such as EPUB,
6467+docx, and ODT) include build timestamps in the generated document.
6468+That means that the files generated on successive builds will
6469+differ, even if the source does not. To avoid this, set the
6470+`SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH` environment variable, and the timestamp will
6471+be taken from it instead of the current time.
6472+`SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH` should contain an integer unix timestamp
6473+(specifying the number of second since midnight UTC January 1, 1970).
6475+Some document formats also include a unique identifier. For
6476+EPUB, this can be set explicitly by setting the `identifier`
6477+metadata field (see [EPUB Metadata], above).
6479+# A note on security
6481+If you use pandoc to convert user-contributed content in a web
6482+application, here are some things to keep in mind:
6484+1. Although pandoc itself will not create or modify any files other
6485+ than those you explicitly ask it create (with the exception
6486+ of temporary files used in producing PDFs), a filter or custom
6487+ writer could in principle do anything on your file system. Please
6488+ audit filters and custom writers very carefully before using them.
6490+2. If your application uses pandoc as a Haskell library (rather than
6491+ shelling out to the executable), it is possible to use it in a mode
6492+ that fully isolates pandoc from your file system, by running the
6493+ pandoc operations in the `PandocPure` monad. See the document
6494+ [Using the pandoc API](https://pandoc.org/using-the-pandoc-api.html)
6497+3. Pandoc's parsers can exhibit pathological performance on some
6498+ corner cases. It is wise to put any pandoc operations under
6499+ a timeout, to avoid DOS attacks that exploit these issues.
6500+ If you are using the pandoc executable, you can add the
6501+ command line options `+RTS -M512M -RTS` (for example) to limit
6502+ the heap size to 512MB.
6504+4. The HTML generated by pandoc is not guaranteed to be safe.
6505+ If `raw_html` is enabled for the Markdown input, users can
6506+ inject arbitrary HTML. Even if `raw_html` is disabled,
6507+ users can include dangerous content in URLs and attributes.
6508+ To be safe, you should run all the generated HTML through
3926−Authors
6511+# Authors
3929−© 2006-2015 John MacFarlane (jgm@berkeley.edu). Released under the
6513+Copyright 2006--2021 John MacFarlane (jgm@berkeley.edu). Released
3930−[GPL], version 2 or greater. This software carries no warranty of
6514+under the [GPL], version 2 or greater. This software carries no
3931−any kind. (See COPYRIGHT for full copyright and warranty notices.)
6515+warranty of any kind. (See COPYRIGHT for full copyright and
3932−
6516+warranty notices.) For a full list of contributors, see the file
3933−Contributors include
6517+AUTHORS.md in the pandoc source code.
3937−Alexander Kondratskiy,
3939−Alexander V Vershilov,
3940−Alfred Wechselberger,
3948−Beni Cherniavsky-Paskin,
3960−Christoffer Ackelman,
3961−Christoffer Sawicki,
3970−David Röthlisberger,
3998−Jaime Marquínez Ferrándiz,
4022−Kristof Bastiaensen,
4028−Masayoshi Takahashi,
4031−Mathieu Duponchelle,
4034−Matthias C. M. Troffaes,
4037−Max Rydahl Andersen,
4055−Philippe Ombredanne,
4091−[GPL]: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html "GNU General Public License"
6519+[GPL]: https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html "GNU General Public License"
6520+[YAML]: https://yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html "YAML v1.2 Spec"