@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
1−% Pandoc User's Guide
2+title: Pandoc User's Guide
2−% John MacFarlane
3+author: John MacFarlane
3−% September 16, 2018
4+date: June 20, 2021
8`pandoc` [*options*] [*input-file*]...
9`pandoc` [*options*] [*input-file*]...
10−Description
11+# Description
13Pandoc is a [Haskell] library for converting from one markup format to
13Pandoc is a [Haskell] library for converting from one markup format to
14another, and a command-line tool that uses this library.
14another, and a command-line tool that uses this library.
@@ -40,8 +40,7 @@ model. While conversions from pandoc's Markdown to all formats aspire
40to be perfect, conversions from formats more expressive than pandoc's
40to be perfect, conversions from formats more expressive than pandoc's
41Markdown can be expected to be lossy.
41Markdown can be expected to be lossy.
43−Using `pandoc`
43+## Using pandoc
46If no *input-files* are specified, input is read from *stdin*.
45If no *input-files* are specified, input is read from *stdin*.
47Output goes to *stdout* by default. For output to a file,
46Output goes to *stdout* by default. For output to a file,
@@ -62,8 +61,7 @@ If multiple input files are given, `pandoc` will concatenate them all (with
62blank lines between them) before parsing. (Use `--file-scope` to parse files
61blank lines between them) before parsing. (Use `--file-scope` to parse files
63individually.)
62individually.)
65−Specifying formats
64+## Specifying formats
68The format of the input and output can be specified explicitly using
66The format of the input and output can be specified explicitly using
69command-line options. The input format can be specified using the
67command-line options. The input format can be specified using the
@@ -95,8 +93,7 @@ If no input file is specified (so that input comes from *stdin*), or
95if the input files' extensions are unknown, the input format will
93if the input files' extensions are unknown, the input format will
96be assumed to be Markdown.
94be assumed to be Markdown.
98−Character encoding
96+## Character encoding
101Pandoc uses the UTF-8 character encoding for both input and output.
98Pandoc uses the UTF-8 character encoding for both input and output.
102If your local character encoding is not UTF-8, you
99If your local character encoding is not UTF-8, you
@@ -109,10 +106,9 @@ RTF, OPML, DocBook, and Texinfo), information about
109the character encoding is included in the document header, which
106the character encoding is included in the document header, which
110will only be included if you use the `-s/--standalone` option.
107will only be included if you use the `-s/--standalone` option.
112−[`iconv`]: http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/
109+[`iconv`]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/
114−Creating a PDF
111+## Creating a PDF
117To produce a PDF, specify an output file with a `.pdf` extension:
113To produce a PDF, specify an output file with a `.pdf` extension:
@@ -120,20 +116,18 @@ To produce a PDF, specify an output file with a `.pdf` extension:
121By default, pandoc will use LaTeX to create the PDF, which requires
117By default, pandoc will use LaTeX to create the PDF, which requires
122that a LaTeX engine be installed (see `--pdf-engine` below).
118that a LaTeX engine be installed (see `--pdf-engine` below).
124−Alternatively, pandoc can use [ConTeXt], `pdfroff`, or any of the
119+Alternatively, pandoc can use ConTeXt, roff ms, or HTML as an
125−following HTML/CSS-to-PDF-engines, to create a PDF: [`wkhtmltopdf`],
126−[`weasyprint`] or [`prince`].
127−To do this, specify an output file with a `.pdf` extension, as before,
120+intermediate format. To do this, specify an output file with a
128−but add the `--pdf-engine` option or `-t context`, `-t html`, or `-t ms`
121+`.pdf` extension, as before, but add the `--pdf-engine` option
129−to the command line (`-t html` defaults to `--pdf-engine=wkhtmltopdf`).
122+or `-t context`, `-t html`, or `-t ms` to the command line.
130−
123+The tool used to generate the PDF from the intermediate format
131−PDF output can be controlled using [variables for LaTeX] (if
124+may be specified using `--pdf-engine`.
132−LaTeX is used) and [variables for ConTeXt] (if ConTeXt is used).
125+
133−When using an HTML/CSS-to-PDF-engine, `--css` affects the output.
126+You can control the PDF style using variables, depending on
134−If `wkhtmltopdf` is used, then the variables `margin-left`,
127+the intermediate format used: see [variables for LaTeX],
135−`margin-right`, `margin-top`, `margin-bottom`, `footer-html`,
128+[variables for ConTeXt], [variables for `wkhtmltopdf`],
136−`header-html` and `papersize` will affect the output.
129+[variables for ms]. When HTML is used as an intermediate
130+format, the output can be styled using `--css`.
138To debug the PDF creation, it can be useful to look at the intermediate
132To debug the PDF creation, it can be useful to look at the intermediate
139representation: instead of `-o test.pdf`, use for example `-s -o test.tex`
133representation: instead of `-o test.pdf`, use for example `-s -o test.tex`
@@ -142,87 +136,105 @@ to output the generated LaTeX. You can then test it with `pdflatex test.tex`.
142When using LaTeX, the following packages need to be available
136When using LaTeX, the following packages need to be available
143(they are included with all recent versions of [TeX Live]):
137(they are included with all recent versions of [TeX Live]):
144[`amsfonts`], [`amsmath`], [`lm`], [`unicode-math`],
138[`amsfonts`], [`amsmath`], [`lm`], [`unicode-math`],
145−[`ifxetex`], [`ifluatex`], [`listings`] (if the
139+[`iftex`], [`listings`] (if the
146`--listings` option is used), [`fancyvrb`], [`longtable`],
140`--listings` option is used), [`fancyvrb`], [`longtable`],
147−[`booktabs`], [`graphicx`] and [`grffile`] (if the document
141+[`booktabs`], [`graphicx`] (if the document
148−contains images), [`hyperref`], [`xcolor`] (with `colorlinks`),
142+contains images), [`hyperref`], [`xcolor`],
149[`ulem`], [`geometry`] (with the `geometry` variable set),
143[`ulem`], [`geometry`] (with the `geometry` variable set),
150[`setspace`] (with `linestretch`), and
144[`setspace`] (with `linestretch`), and
151[`babel`] (with `lang`). The use of `xelatex` or `lualatex` as
145[`babel`] (with `lang`). The use of `xelatex` or `lualatex` as
152−the LaTeX engine requires [`fontspec`]. `xelatex` uses
146+the PDF engine requires [`fontspec`]. `lualatex` uses
153−[`polyglossia`] (with `lang`), [`xecjk`], and [`bidi`] (with the
147+[`selnolig`]. `xelatex` uses [`polyglossia`] (with `lang`),
154−`dir` variable set). If the `mathspec` variable is set,
148+[`xecjk`], and [`bidi`] (with the `dir` variable set). If the
155−`xelatex` will use [`mathspec`] instead of [`unicode-math`].
149+`mathspec` variable is set, `xelatex` will use [`mathspec`]
156−The [`upquote`] and [`microtype`] packages are used if
150+instead of [`unicode-math`]. The [`upquote`] and [`microtype`]
157−available, and [`csquotes`] will be used for [typography]
151+packages are used if available, and [`csquotes`] will be used
158−if `\usepackage{csquotes}` is present in the template or
152+for [typography] if the `csquotes` variable or metadata field is
159−included via `/H/--include-in-header`. The [`natbib`],
153+set to a true value. The [`natbib`], [`biblatex`], [`bibtex`],
160−[`biblatex`], [`bibtex`], and [`biber`] packages can optionally
154+and [`biber`] packages can optionally be used for [citation
161−be used for [citation rendering].
155+rendering]. The following packages will be used to improve
162−
156+output quality if present, but pandoc does not require them to
157+be present: [`upquote`] (for straight quotes in verbatim
158+environments), [`microtype`] (for better spacing adjustments),
159+[`parskip`] (for better inter-paragraph spaces), [`xurl`] (for
160+better line breaks in URLs), [`bookmark`] (for better PDF
161+bookmarks), and [`footnotehyper`] or [`footnote`] (to allow
162+footnotes in tables).
164+[TeX Live]: https://www.tug.org/texlive/
163[`amsfonts`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/amsfonts
165[`amsfonts`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/amsfonts
164[`amsmath`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/amsmath
166[`amsmath`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/amsmath
165−[`lm`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/lm
167+[`babel`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/babel
166−[`ifxetex`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/ifxetex
168+[`biber`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/biber
167−[`ifluatex`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/ifluatex
169+[`biblatex`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/biblatex
168−[`listings`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/listings
170+[`bibtex`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/bibtex
169−[`fancyvrb`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/fancyvrb
171+[`bidi`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/bidi
170−[`longtable`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/longtable
172+[`bookmark`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/bookmark
171[`booktabs`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/booktabs
173[`booktabs`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/booktabs
174+[`csquotes`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/csquotes
175+[`fancyvrb`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/fancyvrb
176+[`fontspec`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/fontspec
177+[`footnote`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/footnote
178+[`footnotehyper`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/footnotehyper
179+[`geometry`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/geometry
172[`graphicx`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/graphicx
180[`graphicx`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/graphicx
173[`grffile`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/grffile
181[`grffile`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/grffile
174−[`geometry`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/geometry
175−[`setspace`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/setspace
176−[`xecjk`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/xecjk
177[`hyperref`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/hyperref
182[`hyperref`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/hyperref
178−[`ulem`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/ulem
183+[`iftex`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/iftex
179−[`babel`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/babel
184+[`listings`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/listings
180−[`bidi`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/bidi
185+[`lm`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/lm
186+[`longtable`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/longtable
181[`mathspec`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/mathspec
187[`mathspec`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/mathspec
182−[`unicode-math`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/unicode-math
183−[`polyglossia`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/polyglossia
184−[`fontspec`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/fontspec
185−[`upquote`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/upquote
186[`microtype`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/microtype
188[`microtype`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/microtype
187−[`csquotes`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/csquotes
188[`natbib`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/natbib
189[`natbib`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/natbib
189−[`biblatex`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/biblatex
190−[`bibtex`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/bibtex
190+[`parskip`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/parskip
191−[`biber`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/biber
191+[`polyglossia`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/polyglossia
192−[TeX Live]: http://www.tug.org/texlive/
193−[`wkhtmltopdf`]: https://wkhtmltopdf.org
194−[`weasyprint`]: http://weasyprint.org
195[`prince`]: https://www.princexml.com/
192[`prince`]: https://www.princexml.com/
193+[`setspace`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/setspace
194+[`ulem`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/ulem
195+[`unicode-math`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/unicode-math
196+[`upquote`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/upquote
197+[`weasyprint`]: https://weasyprint.org
198+[`wkhtmltopdf`]: https://wkhtmltopdf.org
199+[`xcolor`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/xcolor
200+[`xecjk`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/xecjk
201+[`xurl`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/xurl
202+[`selnolig`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/selnolig
206+## Reading from the Web
200−Instead of an input file, an absolute URI may be given. In this case
208+Instead of an input file, an absolute URI may be given. In this case
201pandoc will fetch the content using HTTP:
209pandoc will fetch the content using HTTP:
203− pandoc -f html -t markdown http://www.fsf.org
211+ pandoc -f html -t markdown https://www.fsf.org
205It is possible to supply a custom User-Agent string or other
213It is possible to supply a custom User-Agent string or other
206header when requesting a document from a URL:
214header when requesting a document from a URL:
208 pandoc -f html -t markdown --request-header User-Agent:"Mozilla/5.0" \
216 pandoc -f html -t markdown --request-header User-Agent:"Mozilla/5.0" \
209− http://www.fsf.org
217+ https://www.fsf.org
214−General options
221+## General options {.options}
217`-f` *FORMAT*, `-r` *FORMAT*, `--from=`*FORMAT*, `--read=`*FORMAT*
223`-f` *FORMAT*, `-r` *FORMAT*, `--from=`*FORMAT*, `--read=`*FORMAT*
219: Specify input format. *FORMAT* can be:
225: Specify input format. *FORMAT* can be:
221 ::: {#input-formats}
227 ::: {#input-formats}
228+ - `bibtex` ([BibTeX] bibliography)
229+ - `biblatex` ([BibLaTeX] bibliography)
222 - `commonmark` ([CommonMark] Markdown)
230 - `commonmark` ([CommonMark] Markdown)
231+ - `commonmark_x` ([CommonMark] Markdown with extensions)
223 - `creole` ([Creole 1.0])
232 - `creole` ([Creole 1.0])
233+ - `csljson` ([CSL JSON] bibliography)
234+ - `csv` ([CSV] table)
224 - `docbook` ([DocBook])
235 - `docbook` ([DocBook])
225 - `docx` ([Word docx])
236 - `docx` ([Word docx])
237+ - `dokuwiki` ([DokuWiki markup])
226 - `epub` ([EPUB])
238 - `epub` ([EPUB])
227 - `fb2` ([FictionBook2] e-book)
239 - `fb2` ([FictionBook2] e-book)
228 - `gfm` ([GitHub-Flavored Markdown]),
240 - `gfm` ([GitHub-Flavored Markdown]),
@@ -231,7 +243,9 @@ General options
231 if you need extensions not supported in [`gfm`](#markdown-variants).
243 if you need extensions not supported in [`gfm`](#markdown-variants).
232 - `haddock` ([Haddock markup])
244 - `haddock` ([Haddock markup])
233 - `html` ([HTML])
245 - `html` ([HTML])
246+ - `ipynb` ([Jupyter notebook])
234 - `jats` ([JATS] XML)
247 - `jats` ([JATS] XML)
248+ - `jira` ([Jira]/Confluence wiki markup)
235 - `json` (JSON version of native AST)
249 - `json` (JSON version of native AST)
236 - `latex` ([LaTeX])
250 - `latex` ([LaTeX])
237 - `markdown` ([Pandoc's Markdown])
251 - `markdown` ([Pandoc's Markdown])
@@ -239,6 +253,7 @@ General options
239 - `markdown_phpextra` ([PHP Markdown Extra])
253 - `markdown_phpextra` ([PHP Markdown Extra])
240 - `markdown_strict` (original unextended [Markdown])
254 - `markdown_strict` (original unextended [Markdown])
241 - `mediawiki` ([MediaWiki markup])
255 - `mediawiki` ([MediaWiki markup])
256+ - `man` ([roff man])
242 - `muse` ([Muse])
257 - `muse` ([Muse])
243 - `native` (native Haskell)
258 - `native` (native Haskell)
244 - `odt` ([ODT])
259 - `odt` ([ODT])
@@ -263,10 +278,14 @@ General options
263: Specify output format. *FORMAT* can be:
278: Specify output format. *FORMAT* can be:
265 ::: {#output-formats}
280 ::: {#output-formats}
266− - `asciidoc` ([AsciiDoc])
281+ - `asciidoc` ([AsciiDoc]) or `asciidoctor` ([AsciiDoctor])
267 - `beamer` ([LaTeX beamer][`beamer`] slide show)
282 - `beamer` ([LaTeX beamer][`beamer`] slide show)
283+ - `bibtex` ([BibTeX] bibliography)
284+ - `biblatex` ([BibLaTeX] bibliography)
268 - `commonmark` ([CommonMark] Markdown)
285 - `commonmark` ([CommonMark] Markdown)
286+ - `commonmark_x` ([CommonMark] Markdown with extensions)
269 - `context` ([ConTeXt])
287 - `context` ([ConTeXt])
288+ - `csljson` ([CSL JSON] bibliography)
270 - `docbook` or `docbook4` ([DocBook] 4)
289 - `docbook` or `docbook4` ([DocBook] 4)
271 - `docbook5` (DocBook 5)
290 - `docbook5` (DocBook 5)
272 - `docx` ([Word docx])
291 - `docx` ([Word docx])
@@ -282,22 +301,28 @@ General options
282 - `html` or `html5` ([HTML], i.e. [HTML5]/XHTML [polyglot markup])
301 - `html` or `html5` ([HTML], i.e. [HTML5]/XHTML [polyglot markup])
283 - `html4` ([XHTML] 1.0 Transitional)
302 - `html4` ([XHTML] 1.0 Transitional)
284 - `icml` ([InDesign ICML])
303 - `icml` ([InDesign ICML])
285− - `jats` ([JATS] XML)
304+ - `ipynb` ([Jupyter notebook])
305+ - `jats_archiving` ([JATS] XML, Archiving and Interchange Tag Set)
306+ - `jats_articleauthoring` ([JATS] XML, Article Authoring Tag Set)
307+ - `jats_publishing` ([JATS] XML, Journal Publishing Tag Set)
308+ - `jats` (alias for `jats_archiving`)
309+ - `jira` ([Jira]/Confluence wiki markup)
286 - `json` (JSON version of native AST)
310 - `json` (JSON version of native AST)
287 - `latex` ([LaTeX])
311 - `latex` ([LaTeX])
288− - `man` ([groff man])
312+ - `man` ([roff man])
289 - `markdown` ([Pandoc's Markdown])
313 - `markdown` ([Pandoc's Markdown])
290 - `markdown_mmd` ([MultiMarkdown])
314 - `markdown_mmd` ([MultiMarkdown])
291 - `markdown_phpextra` ([PHP Markdown Extra])
315 - `markdown_phpextra` ([PHP Markdown Extra])
292 - `markdown_strict` (original unextended [Markdown])
316 - `markdown_strict` (original unextended [Markdown])
293 - `mediawiki` ([MediaWiki markup])
317 - `mediawiki` ([MediaWiki markup])
294− - `ms` ([groff ms])
318+ - `ms` ([roff ms])
295 - `muse` ([Muse]),
319 - `muse` ([Muse]),
296 - `native` (native Haskell),
320 - `native` (native Haskell),
297 - `odt` ([OpenOffice text document][ODT])
321 - `odt` ([OpenOffice text document][ODT])
298 - `opml` ([OPML])
322 - `opml` ([OPML])
299 - `opendocument` ([OpenDocument])
323 - `opendocument` ([OpenDocument])
300 - `org` ([Emacs Org mode])
324 - `org` ([Emacs Org mode])
301 - `plain` (plain text),
326 - `plain` (plain text),
302 - `pptx` ([PowerPoint] slide show)
327 - `pptx` ([PowerPoint] slide show)
303 - `rst` ([reStructuredText])
328 - `rst` ([reStructuredText])
@@ -310,11 +335,12 @@ General options
310 - `revealjs` ([reveal.js] HTML5 + JavaScript slide show)
335 - `revealjs` ([reveal.js] HTML5 + JavaScript slide show)
311 - `s5` ([S5] HTML and JavaScript slide show)
336 - `s5` ([S5] HTML and JavaScript slide show)
312 - `tei` ([TEI Simple])
337 - `tei` ([TEI Simple])
338+ - `xwiki` ([XWiki markup])
313 - `zimwiki` ([ZimWiki markup])
339 - `zimwiki` ([ZimWiki markup])
314− - the path of a custom lua writer, see [Custom writers] below
340+ - the path of a custom Lua writer, see [Custom writers] below
317− Note that `odt`, `docx`, and `epub` output will not be directed
343+ Note that `odt`, `docx`, `epub`, and `pdf` output will not be directed
318 to *stdout* unless forced with `-o -`.
344 to *stdout* unless forced with `-o -`.
320 Extensions can be individually enabled or
346 Extensions can be individually enabled or
@@ -332,23 +358,32 @@ General options
333: Specify the user data directory to search for pandoc data files.
359: Specify the user data directory to search for pandoc data files.
334 If this option is not specified, the default user data directory
360 If this option is not specified, the default user data directory
335− will be used. This is, in UNIX:
361+ will be used. On \*nix and macOS systems this will be the `pandoc`
336−
362+ subdirectory of the XDG data directory (by default,
337− $HOME/.pandoc
363+ `$HOME/.local/share`, overridable by setting the `XDG_DATA_HOME`
338−
364+ environment variable). If that directory does not exist and
339− in Windows XP:
365+ `$HOME/.pandoc` exists, it will be used (for backwards compatibility).
340−
366+ On Windows the default user data directory is
341− C:\Documents And Settings\USERNAME\Application Data\pandoc
343− and in Windows Vista or later:
345− C:\Users\USERNAME\AppData\Roaming\pandoc
367+ `C:\Users\USERNAME\AppData\Roaming\pandoc`.
347 You can find the default user data directory on your system by
368 You can find the default user data directory on your system by
348 looking at the output of `pandoc --version`.
369 looking at the output of `pandoc --version`.
370+ Data files placed in this directory (for example, `reference.odt`,
349− A `reference.odt`, `reference.docx`, `epub.css`, `templates`,
371+ `reference.docx`, `epub.css`, `templates`) will override
350− `slidy`, `slideous`, or `s5` directory
351− placed in this directory will override pandoc's normal defaults.
372+ pandoc's normal defaults.
374+`-d` *FILE*, `--defaults=`*FILE*
376+: Specify a set of default option settings. *FILE* is a YAML
377+ file whose fields correspond to command-line option
378+ settings. All options for document conversion, including input
379+ and output files, can be set using a defaults file. The file will
380+ be searched for first in the working directory, and then in
381+ the `defaults` subdirectory of the user data directory
382+ (see `--data-dir`). The `.yaml` extension may be omitted.
383+ See the section [Default files] for more information on the
384+ file format. Settings from the defaults file may be
385+ overridden or extended by subsequent options on the command
353`--bash-completion`
388`--bash-completion`
@@ -359,8 +394,7 @@ General options
360`--verbose`
395`--verbose`
362−: Give verbose debugging output. Currently this only has an effect
397+: Give verbose debugging output.
@@ -386,7 +420,7 @@ General options
387`--list-extensions`[`=`*FORMAT*]
421`--list-extensions`[`=`*FORMAT*]
389−: List supported extensions, one per line, preceded
423+: List supported extensions for *FORMAT*, one per line, preceded
390 by a `+` or `-` indicating whether it is enabled by default
424 by a `+` or `-` indicating whether it is enabled by default
391 in *FORMAT*. If *FORMAT* is not specified, defaults for
425 in *FORMAT*. If *FORMAT* is not specified, defaults for
392 pandoc's Markdown are given.
426 pandoc's Markdown are given.
@@ -409,62 +443,88 @@ General options
410: Show usage message.
444: Show usage message.
412−[Markdown]: http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/
446+[Markdown]: https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/
413−[CommonMark]: http://commonmark.org
447+[CommonMark]: https://commonmark.org
414[PHP Markdown Extra]: https://michelf.ca/projects/php-markdown/extra/
448[PHP Markdown Extra]: https://michelf.ca/projects/php-markdown/extra/
415[GitHub-Flavored Markdown]: https://help.github.com/articles/github-flavored-markdown/
449[GitHub-Flavored Markdown]: https://help.github.com/articles/github-flavored-markdown/
416−[MultiMarkdown]: http://fletcherpenney.net/multimarkdown/
450+[MultiMarkdown]: https://fletcherpenney.net/multimarkdown/
417−[reStructuredText]: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/docs/ref/rst/introduction.html
451+[reStructuredText]: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/docs/ref/rst/introduction.html
418−[S5]: http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/s5/
452+[S5]: https://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/s5/
419−[Slidy]: http://www.w3.org/Talks/Tools/Slidy/
453+[Slidy]: https://www.w3.org/Talks/Tools/Slidy2/
420−[Slideous]: http://goessner.net/articles/slideous/
454+[Slideous]: https://goessner.net/articles/slideous/
421−[HTML]: http://www.w3.org/html/
455+[HTML]: https://www.w3.org/html/
422−[HTML5]: http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/
456+[HTML5]: https://html.spec.whatwg.org/
423[polyglot markup]: https://www.w3.org/TR/html-polyglot/
457[polyglot markup]: https://www.w3.org/TR/html-polyglot/
424−[XHTML]: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/
458+[XHTML]: https://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/
425−[LaTeX]: http://latex-project.org
459+[LaTeX]: https://www.latex-project.org/
426[`beamer`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/beamer
460[`beamer`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/beamer
427−[Beamer User's Guide]: http://ctan.math.utah.edu/ctan/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/beamer/doc/beameruserguide.pdf
461+[Beamer User's Guide]: http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/beamer/doc/beameruserguide.pdf
428−[ConTeXt]: http://www.contextgarden.net/
462+[ConTeXt]: https://www.contextgarden.net/
429−[Rich Text Format]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rich_Text_Format
463+[Rich Text Format]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rich_Text_Format
430−[DocBook]: http://docbook.org
464+[DocBook]: https://docbook.org
431[JATS]: https://jats.nlm.nih.gov
465[JATS]: https://jats.nlm.nih.gov
466+[Jira]: https://jira.atlassian.com/secure/WikiRendererHelpAction.jspa?section=all
432−[txt2tags]: http://txt2tags.org
467+[txt2tags]: https://txt2tags.org
433[EPUB]: http://idpf.org/epub
468[EPUB]: http://idpf.org/epub
434[OPML]: http://dev.opml.org/spec2.html
469[OPML]: http://dev.opml.org/spec2.html
435[OpenDocument]: http://opendocument.xml.org
470[OpenDocument]: http://opendocument.xml.org
436−[ODT]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDocument
471+[ODT]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDocument
437−[Textile]: http://redcloth.org/textile
472+[Textile]: https://www.promptworks.com/textile
438[MediaWiki markup]: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Formatting
473[MediaWiki markup]: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Formatting
439[DokuWiki markup]: https://www.dokuwiki.org/dokuwiki
474[DokuWiki markup]: https://www.dokuwiki.org/dokuwiki
440−[ZimWiki markup]: http://zim-wiki.org/manual/Help/Wiki_Syntax.html
475+[ZimWiki markup]: https://zim-wiki.org/manual/Help/Wiki_Syntax.html
476+[XWiki markup]: https://www.xwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Documentation/UserGuide/Features/XWikiSyntax/
441−[TWiki markup]: http://twiki.org/cgi-bin/view/TWiki/TextFormattingRules
477+[TWiki markup]: https://twiki.org/cgi-bin/view/TWiki/TextFormattingRules
442[TikiWiki markup]: https://doc.tiki.org/Wiki-Syntax-Text#The_Markup_Language_Wiki-Syntax
478[TikiWiki markup]: https://doc.tiki.org/Wiki-Syntax-Text#The_Markup_Language_Wiki-Syntax
443[Haddock markup]: https://www.haskell.org/haddock/doc/html/ch03s08.html
479[Haddock markup]: https://www.haskell.org/haddock/doc/html/ch03s08.html
444[Creole 1.0]: http://www.wikicreole.org/wiki/Creole1.0
480[Creole 1.0]: http://www.wikicreole.org/wiki/Creole1.0
445−[groff man]: http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/groff_man.7.html
481+[CSV]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4180
446−[groff ms]: http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/groff_ms.7.html
482+[roff man]: https://man.cx/groff_man(7)
483+[roff ms]: https://man.cx/groff_ms(7)
447[Haskell]: https://www.haskell.org
484[Haskell]: https://www.haskell.org
448−[GNU Texinfo]: http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/
485+[GNU Texinfo]: https://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/
449−[Emacs Org mode]: http://orgmode.org
486+[Emacs Org mode]: https://orgmode.org
450−[AsciiDoc]: http://www.methods.co.nz/asciidoc/
487+[AsciiDoc]: https://www.methods.co.nz/asciidoc/
488+[AsciiDoctor]: https://asciidoctor.org/
451−[DZSlides]: http://paulrouget.com/dzslides/
489+[DZSlides]: https://paulrouget.com/dzslides/
452[Word docx]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_Open_XML
490[Word docx]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_Open_XML
453[PDF]: https://www.adobe.com/pdf/
491[PDF]: https://www.adobe.com/pdf/
454−[reveal.js]: http://lab.hakim.se/reveal-js/
492+[reveal.js]: https://revealjs.com/
455[FictionBook2]: http://www.fictionbook.org/index.php/Eng:XML_Schema_Fictionbook_2.1
493[FictionBook2]: http://www.fictionbook.org/index.php/Eng:XML_Schema_Fictionbook_2.1
494+[Jupyter notebook]: https://nbformat.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
456−[InDesign ICML]: http://wwwimages.adobe.com/www.adobe.com/content/dam/acom/en/devnet/indesign/sdk/cs6/idml/idml-cookbook.pdf
495+[InDesign ICML]: https://wwwimages.adobe.com/www.adobe.com/content/dam/acom/en/devnet/indesign/sdk/cs6/idml/idml-cookbook.pdf
457[TEI Simple]: https://github.com/TEIC/TEI-Simple
496[TEI Simple]: https://github.com/TEIC/TEI-Simple
458[Muse]: https://amusewiki.org/library/manual
497[Muse]: https://amusewiki.org/library/manual
459[PowerPoint]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPoint
498[PowerPoint]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPoint
460[Vimwiki]: https://vimwiki.github.io
499[Vimwiki]: https://vimwiki.github.io
461−
500+[CSL JSON]: https://citeproc-js.readthedocs.io/en/latest/csl-json/markup.html
501+[BibTeX]: https://ctan.org/pkg/bibtex
502+[BibLaTeX]: https://ctan.org/pkg/biblatex
462−Reader options
504+## Reader options {.options}
506+`--shift-heading-level-by=`*NUMBER*
508+: Shift heading levels by a positive or negative integer.
509+ For example, with `--shift-heading-level-by=-1`, level 2
510+ headings become level 1 headings, and level 3 headings
511+ become level 2 headings. Headings cannot have a level
512+ less than 1, so a heading that would be shifted below level 1
513+ becomes a regular paragraph. Exception: with a shift of -N,
514+ a level-N heading at the beginning of the document
515+ replaces the metadata title. `--shift-heading-level-by=-1`
516+ is a good choice when converting HTML or Markdown documents that
517+ use an initial level-1 heading for the document title and
518+ level-2+ headings for sections. `--shift-heading-level-by=1`
519+ may be a good choice for converting Markdown documents that
520+ use level-1 headings for sections to HTML, since pandoc uses
521+ a level-1 heading to render the document title.
465`--base-header-level=`*NUMBER*
523`--base-header-level=`*NUMBER*
525+: *Deprecated. Use `--shift-heading-level-by`=X instead,
467−: Specify the base level for headers (defaults to 1).
526+ where X = NUMBER - 1.* Specify the base level for headings
469`--strip-empty-paragraphs`
529`--strip-empty-paragraphs`
@@ -529,41 +589,32 @@ Reader options
530 3. `$PATH` (executable only)
590 3. `$PATH` (executable only)
532− Filters and lua-filters are applied in the order specified
592+ Filters, Lua-filters, and citeproc processing are applied in
533− on the command line.
593+ the order specified on the command line.
535−`--lua-filter=`*SCRIPT*
595+`-L` *SCRIPT*, `--lua-filter=`*SCRIPT*
537: Transform the document in a similar fashion as JSON filters (see
597: Transform the document in a similar fashion as JSON filters (see
538− `--filter`), but use pandoc's build-in lua filtering system. The given
598+ `--filter`), but use pandoc's built-in Lua filtering system. The given
539− lua script is expected to return a list of lua filters which will be
599+ Lua script is expected to return a list of Lua filters which will be
540− applied in order. Each lua filter must contain element-transforming
600+ applied in order. Each Lua filter must contain element-transforming
541 functions indexed by the name of the AST element on which the filter
601 functions indexed by the name of the AST element on which the filter
542 function should be applied.
602 function should be applied.
544− The `pandoc` lua module provides helper functions for element
604+ The `pandoc` Lua module provides helper functions for element
545− creation. It is always loaded into the script's lua environment.
605+ creation. It is always loaded into the script's Lua environment.
547− The following is an example lua script for macro-expansion:
549− function expand_hello_world(inline)
607+ See the [Lua filters documentation] for further details.
550− if inline.c == '{{helloworld}}' then
551− return pandoc.Emph{ pandoc.Str "Hello, World" }
557− return {{Str = expand_hello_world}}
609+ In order of preference, pandoc will look for Lua filters in
559− In order of preference, pandoc will look for lua filters in
611+ 1. a specified full or relative path
561− 1. a specified full or relative path (executable or
613+ 2. `$DATADIR/filters` where `$DATADIR` is the user data
562− non-executable)
614+ directory (see `--data-dir`, above).
564− 2. `$DATADIR/filters` (executable or non-executable)
616+ Filters, Lua filters, and citeproc processing are applied in
565− where `$DATADIR` is the user data directory (see
617+ the order specified on the command line.
566− `--data-dir`, above).
568`-M` *KEY*[`=`*VAL*], `--metadata=`*KEY*[`:`*VAL*]
619`-M` *KEY*[`=`*VAL*], `--metadata=`*KEY*[`:`*VAL*]
@@ -580,19 +631,23 @@ Reader options
581`--metadata-file=`*FILE*
632`--metadata-file=`*FILE*
583−: Read metadata from the supplied YAML (or JSON) file.
634+: Read metadata from the supplied YAML (or JSON) file. This
584− This option can be used with every input format, but string
635+ option can be used with every input format, but string scalars
585− scalars in the YAML file will always be parsed as Markdown.
636+ in the YAML file will always be parsed as Markdown. Generally,
586− Generally, the input will be handled the same as in
637+ the input will be handled the same as in [YAML metadata
587− [YAML metadata blocks][Extension: `yaml_metadata_block`].
638+ blocks][Extension: `yaml_metadata_block`]. This option can be
639+ used repeatedly to include multiple metadata files; values in
640+ files specified later on the command line will be preferred
641+ over those specified in earlier files. Metadata values
588− Metadata values specified inside the document, or by using `-M`,
642+ specified inside the document, or by using `-M`, overwrite
589− overwrite values specified with this option.
643+ values specified with this option.
591`-p`, `--preserve-tabs`
645`-p`, `--preserve-tabs`
593−: Preserve tabs instead of converting them to spaces (the default).
647+: Preserve tabs instead of converting them to spaces. (By default, pandoc
648+ converts tabs to spaces before parsing its input.) Note that this will
594− Note that this will only affect tabs in literal code spans and code
649+ only affect tabs in literal code spans and code blocks. Tabs in regular
595− blocks; tabs in regular text will be treated as spaces.
650+ text are always treated as spaces.
597`--tab-stop=`*NUMBER*
652`--tab-stop=`*NUMBER*
@@ -602,30 +657,30 @@ Reader options
603: Specifies what to do with insertions, deletions, and comments
658: Specifies what to do with insertions, deletions, and comments
604 produced by the MS Word "Track Changes" feature. `accept` (the
659 produced by the MS Word "Track Changes" feature. `accept` (the
605− default), inserts all insertions, and ignores all
660+ default) processes all the insertions and deletions.
606− deletions. `reject` inserts all deletions and ignores
607− insertions. Both `accept` and `reject` ignore comments. `all` puts
661+ `reject` ignores them. Both `accept` and `reject` ignore comments.
608− in insertions, deletions, and comments, wrapped in spans with
662+ `all` includes all insertions, deletions, and comments, wrapped
609− `insertion`, `deletion`, `comment-start`, and `comment-end`
663+ in spans with `insertion`, `deletion`, `comment-start`, and
610− classes, respectively. The author and time of change is
664+ `comment-end` classes, respectively. The author and time of
611− included. `all` is useful for scripting: only accepting changes
665+ change is included. `all` is useful for scripting: only
612− from a certain reviewer, say, or before a certain date. If a
666+ accepting changes from a certain reviewer, say, or before a
613− paragraph is inserted or deleted, `track-changes=all` produces a
667+ certain date. If a paragraph is inserted or deleted,
668+ `track-changes=all` produces a span with the class
614− span with the class `paragraph-insertion`/`paragraph-deletion`
669+ `paragraph-insertion`/`paragraph-deletion` before the
615− before the affected paragraph break. This option only affects the
670+ affected paragraph break. This option only affects the docx
616− docx reader.
671+ reader.
618`--extract-media=`*DIR*
673`--extract-media=`*DIR*
620: Extract images and other media contained in or linked from
675: Extract images and other media contained in or linked from
621 the source document to the path *DIR*, creating it if
676 the source document to the path *DIR*, creating it if
622 necessary, and adjust the images references in the document
677 necessary, and adjust the images references in the document
623− so they point to the extracted files. If the source format is
678+ so they point to the extracted files. Media are downloaded,
624− a binary container (docx, epub, or odt), the media is
679+ read from the file system, or extracted from a binary
625− extracted from the container and the original
680+ container (e.g. docx), as needed. The original file paths
626− filenames are used. Otherwise the media is read from the
681+ are used if they are relative paths not containing `..`.
627− file system or downloaded, and new filenames are constructed
682+ Otherwise filenames are constructed from the SHA1 hash of
628− based on SHA1 hashes of the contents.
683+ the contents.
630`--abbreviations=`*FILE*
685`--abbreviations=`*FILE*
@@ -636,17 +691,17 @@ Reader options
636 system default, use
691 system default, use
637 `pandoc --print-default-data-file=abbreviations`. The only
692 `pandoc --print-default-data-file=abbreviations`. The only
638 use pandoc makes of this list is in the Markdown reader.
693 use pandoc makes of this list is in the Markdown reader.
639− Strings ending in a period that are found in this list will
694+ Strings found in this list will be followed by a nonbreaking
640− be followed by a nonbreaking space, so that the period will
641− not produce sentence-ending space in formats like LaTeX.
695+ space, and the period will not produce sentence-ending space
696+ in formats like LaTeX. The strings may not contain spaces.
643[`pandocfilters`]: https://github.com/jgm/pandocfilters
698[`pandocfilters`]: https://github.com/jgm/pandocfilters
644[PHP]: https://github.com/vinai/pandocfilters-php
699[PHP]: https://github.com/vinai/pandocfilters-php
645[perl]: https://metacpan.org/pod/Pandoc::Filter
700[perl]: https://metacpan.org/pod/Pandoc::Filter
646[JavaScript/node.js]: https://github.com/mvhenderson/pandoc-filter-node
701[JavaScript/node.js]: https://github.com/mvhenderson/pandoc-filter-node
702+[Lua filters documentation]: https://pandoc.org/lua-filters.html
648−General writer options
704+## General writer options {.options}
649−----------------------
651`-s`, `--standalone`
706`-s`, `--standalone`
@@ -671,22 +726,29 @@ General writer options
671`-V` *KEY*[`=`*VAL*], `--variable=`*KEY*[`:`*VAL*]
726`-V` *KEY*[`=`*VAL*], `--variable=`*KEY*[`:`*VAL*]
673: Set the template variable *KEY* to the value *VAL* when rendering the
728: Set the template variable *KEY* to the value *VAL* when rendering the
674− document in standalone mode. This is generally only useful when the
729+ document in standalone mode. If no *VAL* is specified, the
675− `--template` option is used to specify a custom template, since
676− pandoc automatically sets the variables used in the default
677− templates. If no *VAL* is specified, the key will be given the
678− value `true`.
730+ key will be given the value `true`.
680`-D` *FORMAT*, `--print-default-template=`*FORMAT*
732`-D` *FORMAT*, `--print-default-template=`*FORMAT*
682: Print the system default template for an output *FORMAT*. (See `-t`
734: Print the system default template for an output *FORMAT*. (See `-t`
683 for a list of possible *FORMAT*s.) Templates in the user data
735 for a list of possible *FORMAT*s.) Templates in the user data
684− directory are ignored.
736+ directory are ignored. This option may be used with
737+ `-o`/`--output` to redirect output to a file, but
738+ `-o`/`--output` must come before `--print-default-template`
739+ on the command line.
741+ Note that some of the default templates use partials, for
742+ example `styles.html`. To print the partials, use
743+ `--print-default-data-file`: for example,
744+ `--print-default-data-file=templates/styles.html`.
686`--print-default-data-file=`*FILE*
746`--print-default-data-file=`*FILE*
688: Print a system default data file. Files in the user data directory
748: Print a system default data file. Files in the user data directory
689− are ignored.
749+ are ignored. This option may be used with `-o`/`--output` to
750+ redirect output to a file, but `-o`/`--output` must come before
751+ `--print-default-data-file` on the command line.
691`--eol=crlf`|`lf`|`native`
753`--eol=crlf`|`lf`|`native`
@@ -697,9 +759,12 @@ General writer options
698`--dpi`=*NUMBER*
760`--dpi`=*NUMBER*
700−: Specify the dpi (dots per inch) value for conversion from pixels
762+: Specify the default dpi (dots per inch) value for conversion
701− to inch/centimeters and vice versa. The default is 96dpi.
763+ from pixels to inch/centimeters and vice versa. (Technically,
702− Technically, the correct term would be ppi (pixels per inch).
764+ the correct term would be ppi: pixels per inch.) The default
765+ is 96dpi. When images contain information about dpi
766+ internally, the encoded value is used instead of the default
767+ specified by this option.
704`--wrap=auto`|`none`|`preserve`
769`--wrap=auto`|`none`|`preserve`
@@ -712,6 +777,8 @@ General writer options
712 where there are nonsemantic newlines in the source, there
777 where there are nonsemantic newlines in the source, there
713 will be nonsemantic newlines in the output as well).
778 will be nonsemantic newlines in the output as well).
714 Automatic wrapping does not currently work in HTML output.
779 Automatic wrapping does not currently work in HTML output.
780+ In `ipynb` output, this option affects wrapping of the
781+ contents of markdown cells.
716`--columns=`*NUMBER*
783`--columns=`*NUMBER*
@@ -728,11 +795,17 @@ General writer options
728 unless `-s/--standalone` is used, and it has no effect
795 unless `-s/--standalone` is used, and it has no effect
729 on `man`, `docbook4`, `docbook5`, or `jats` output.
796 on `man`, `docbook4`, `docbook5`, or `jats` output.
798+ Note that if you are producing a PDF via `ms`, the table
799+ of contents will appear at the beginning of the
800+ document, before the title. If you would prefer it to
801+ be at the end of the document, use the option
802+ `--pdf-engine-opt=--no-toc-relocation`.
731`--toc-depth=`*NUMBER*
804`--toc-depth=`*NUMBER*
733: Specify the number of section levels to include in the table
806: Specify the number of section levels to include in the table
734− of contents. The default is 3 (which means that level 1, 2, and 3
807+ of contents. The default is 3 (which means that level-1, 2, and 3
735− headers will be listed in the contents).
808+ headings will be listed in the contents).
737`--strip-comments`
810`--strip-comments`
@@ -768,7 +841,10 @@ General writer options
769: Prints a JSON version of a highlighting style, which can
842: Prints a JSON version of a highlighting style, which can
770 be modified, saved with a `.theme` extension, and used
843 be modified, saved with a `.theme` extension, and used
771− with `--highlight-style`.
844+ with `--highlight-style`. This option may be used with
845+ `-o`/`--output` to redirect output to a file, but
846+ `-o`/`--output` must come before `--print-highlight-style`
847+ on the command line.
773`--syntax-definition=`*FILE*
849`--syntax-definition=`*FILE*
@@ -776,9 +852,10 @@ General writer options
776 which will be used for syntax highlighting of appropriately
852 which will be used for syntax highlighting of appropriately
777 marked code blocks. This can be used to add support for
853 marked code blocks. This can be used to add support for
778 new languages or to use altered syntax definitions for
854 new languages or to use altered syntax definitions for
779− existing languages.
855+ existing languages. This option may be repeated to add
856+ multiple syntax definitions.
781−`-H` *FILE*, `--include-in-header=`*FILE*
858+`-H` *FILE*, `--include-in-header=`*FILE*|*URL*
783: Include contents of *FILE*, verbatim, at the end of the header.
860: Include contents of *FILE*, verbatim, at the end of the header.
784 This can be used, for example, to include special
861 This can be used, for example, to include special
@@ -786,7 +863,7 @@ General writer options
786 repeatedly to include multiple files in the header. They will be
863 repeatedly to include multiple files in the header. They will be
787 included in the order specified. Implies `--standalone`.
864 included in the order specified. Implies `--standalone`.
789−`-B` *FILE*, `--include-before-body=`*FILE*
866+`-B` *FILE*, `--include-before-body=`*FILE*|*URL*
791: Include contents of *FILE*, verbatim, at the beginning of the
868: Include contents of *FILE*, verbatim, at the beginning of the
792 document body (e.g. after the `<body>` tag in HTML, or the
869 document body (e.g. after the `<body>` tag in HTML, or the
@@ -795,7 +872,7 @@ General writer options
795 used repeatedly to include multiple files. They will be included in
872 used repeatedly to include multiple files. They will be included in
796 the order specified. Implies `--standalone`.
873 the order specified. Implies `--standalone`.
798−`-A` *FILE*, `--include-after-body=`*FILE*
875+`-A` *FILE*, `--include-after-body=`*FILE*|*URL*
800: Include contents of *FILE*, verbatim, at the end of the document
877: Include contents of *FILE*, verbatim, at the end of the document
801 body (before the `</body>` tag in HTML, or the
878 body (before the `</body>` tag in HTML, or the
@@ -814,11 +891,11 @@ General writer options
814 will not be searched. For example:
891 will not be searched. For example:
815 `--resource-path=.:test` will search the working directory
892 `--resource-path=.:test` will search the working directory
816 and the `test` subdirectory, in that order.
893 and the `test` subdirectory, in that order.
817−
894+ This option can be used repeatedly. Search path components
818− `--resource-path` only has an effect if (a) the output
895+ that come later on the command line will be searched before
819− format embeds images (for example, `docx`, `pdf`, or `html`
896+ those that come earlier, so
820− with `--self-contained`) or (b) it is used together with
897+ `--resource-path foo:bar --resource-path baz:bim` is
821− `--extract-media`.
898+ equivalent to `--resource-path baz:bim:foo:bar`.
823`--request-header=`*NAME*`:`*VAL*
900`--request-header=`*NAME*`:`*VAL*
@@ -828,8 +905,13 @@ General writer options
828 downloaded). If you're behind a proxy, you also need to set
905 downloaded). If you're behind a proxy, you also need to set
829 the environment variable `http_proxy` to `http://...`.
906 the environment variable `http_proxy` to `http://...`.
908+`--no-check-certificate`
910+: Disable the certificate verification to allow access to
911+ unsecure HTTP resources (for example when the certificate
912+ is no longer valid or self signed).
831−Options affecting specific writers
914+## Options affecting specific writers {.options}
832−----------------------------------
834`--self-contained`
916`--self-contained`
@@ -854,14 +936,18 @@ Options affecting specific writers
855`--html-q-tags`
937`--html-q-tags`
857−: Use `<q>` tags for quotes in HTML.
939+: Use `<q>` tags for quotes in HTML. (This option only has an
940+ effect if the `smart` extension is enabled for the input
861−: Use only ASCII characters in output. Currently supported for
945+: Use only ASCII characters in output. Currently supported for XML
862− XML and HTML formats (which use numerical entities instead of
946+ and HTML formats (which use entities instead of UTF-8 when this
863− UTF-8 when this option is selected) and for groff ms and man
947+ option is selected), CommonMark, gfm, and Markdown (which use
864− (which use hexadecimal escapes).
948+ entities), roff ms (which use hexadecimal escapes), and to a
949+ limited degree LaTeX (which uses standard commands for accented
950+ characters when possible). roff man output uses ASCII by default.
866`--reference-links`
952`--reference-links`
@@ -870,36 +956,45 @@ Options affecting specific writers
870 placement of link references is affected by the
956 placement of link references is affected by the
871 `--reference-location` option.
957 `--reference-location` option.
873−`--reference-location = block`|`section`|`document`
959+`--reference-location=block`|`section`|`document`
875: Specify whether footnotes (and references, if `reference-links` is
961: Specify whether footnotes (and references, if `reference-links` is
876 set) are placed at the end of the current (top-level) block, the
962 set) are placed at the end of the current (top-level) block, the
877 current section, or the document. The default is
963 current section, or the document. The default is
878 `document`. Currently only affects the markdown writer.
964 `document`. Currently only affects the markdown writer.
966+`--markdown-headings=setext`|`atx`
968+: Specify whether to use ATX-style (`#`-prefixed) or
969+ Setext-style (underlined) headings for level 1 and 2
970+ headings in Markdown output. (The default is `atx`.)
971+ ATX-style headings are always used for levels 3+.
972+ This option also affects Markdown cells in `ipynb` output.
880`--atx-headers`
974`--atx-headers`
882−: Use ATX-style headers in Markdown and AsciiDoc output. The default is
976+: *Deprecated synonym for `--markdown-headings=atx`.*
883− to use setext-style headers for levels 1-2, and then ATX headers.
884− (Note: for `gfm` output, ATX headers are always used.)
886−`--top-level-division=[default|section|chapter|part]`
978+`--top-level-division=default`|`section`|`chapter`|`part`
888−: Treat top-level headers as the given division type in LaTeX, ConTeXt,
980+: Treat top-level headings as the given division type in
889− DocBook, and TEI output. The hierarchy order is part, chapter, then section;
981+ LaTeX, ConTeXt, DocBook, and TEI output. The hierarchy
982+ order is part, chapter, then section; all headings are
890− all headers are shifted such that the top-level header becomes the specified
983+ shifted such that the top-level heading becomes the
891− type. The default behavior is to determine the best division type via
984+ specified type. The default behavior is to determine the
892− heuristics: unless other conditions apply, `section` is chosen. When the
985+ best division type via heuristics: unless other conditions
986+ apply, `section` is chosen. When the `documentclass`
893− LaTeX document class is set to `report`, `book`, or `memoir` (unless the
987+ variable is set to `report`, `book`, or `memoir` (unless the
894− `article` option is specified), `chapter` is implied as the setting for this
988+ `article` option is specified), `chapter` is implied as the
895− option. If `beamer` is the output format, specifying either `chapter` or
989+ setting for this option. If `beamer` is the output format,
896− `part` will cause top-level headers to become `\part{..}`, while
990+ specifying either `chapter` or `part` will cause top-level
991+ headings to become `\part{..}`, while second-level headings
897− second-level headers remain as their default type.
992+ remain as their default type.
899`-N`, `--number-sections`
994`-N`, `--number-sections`
901−: Number section headings in LaTeX, ConTeXt, HTML, or EPUB output.
996+: Number section headings in LaTeX, ConTeXt, HTML, Docx, ms, or EPUB
902− By default, sections are not numbered. Sections with class
997+ output. By default, sections are not numbered. Sections with class
903 `unnumbered` will never be numbered, even if `--number-sections`
998 `unnumbered` will never be numbered, even if `--number-sections`
904 is specified.
999 is specified.
@@ -907,10 +1002,10 @@ Options affecting specific writers
908: Offset for section headings in HTML output (ignored in other
1003: Offset for section headings in HTML output (ignored in other
909 output formats). The first number is added to the section number for
1004 output formats). The first number is added to the section number for
910− top-level headers, the second for second-level headers, and so on.
1005+ top-level headings, the second for second-level headings, and so on.
911− So, for example, if you want the first top-level header in your
1006+ So, for example, if you want the first top-level heading in your
912 document to be numbered "6", specify `--number-offset=5`.
1007 document to be numbered "6", specify `--number-offset=5`.
913− If your document starts with a level-2 header which you want to
1008+ If your document starts with a level-2 heading which you want to
914 be numbered "1.5", specify `--number-offset=1,4`.
1009 be numbered "1.5", specify `--number-offset=1,4`.
915 Offsets are 0 by default. Implies `--number-sections`.
1010 Offsets are 0 by default. Implies `--number-sections`.
@@ -918,7 +1013,7 @@ Options affecting specific writers
919: Use the [`listings`] package for LaTeX code blocks. The package
1014: Use the [`listings`] package for LaTeX code blocks. The package
920 does not support multi-byte encoding for source code. To handle UTF-8
1015 does not support multi-byte encoding for source code. To handle UTF-8
921− you would need to use a custom template. This issue is fully
1016+ you would need to use a custom template. This issue is fully
922 documented here: [Encoding issue with the listings package].
1017 documented here: [Encoding issue with the listings package].
924`-i`, `--incremental`
1019`-i`, `--incremental`
@@ -928,12 +1023,12 @@ Options affecting specific writers
929`--slide-level=`*NUMBER*
1024`--slide-level=`*NUMBER*
931−: Specifies that headers with the specified level create
1026+: Specifies that headings with the specified level create
932− slides (for `beamer`, `s5`, `slidy`, `slideous`, `dzslides`). Headers
1027+ slides (for `beamer`, `s5`, `slidy`, `slideous`, `dzslides`). Headings
933 above this level in the hierarchy are used to divide the
1028 above this level in the hierarchy are used to divide the
934− slide show into sections; headers below this level create
1029+ slide show into sections; headings below this level create
935 subheads within a slide. Note that content that is
1030 subheads within a slide. Note that content that is
936− not contained under slide-level headers will not appear in
1031+ not contained under slide-level headings will not appear in
937 the slide show. The default is to set the slide level based
1032 the slide show. The default is to set the slide level based
938 on the contents of the document; see [Structuring the slide
1033 on the contents of the document; see [Structuring the slide
@@ -942,8 +1037,8 @@ Options affecting specific writers
943: Wrap sections in `<section>` tags (or `<div>` tags for `html4`),
1038: Wrap sections in `<section>` tags (or `<div>` tags for `html4`),
944 and attach identifiers to the enclosing `<section>` (or `<div>`)
1039 and attach identifiers to the enclosing `<section>` (or `<div>`)
945− rather than the header itself. See
1040+ rather than the heading itself. See
946− [Header identifiers], below.
1041+ [Heading identifiers], below.
948`--email-obfuscation=none`|`javascript`|`references`
1043`--email-obfuscation=none`|`javascript`|`references`
@@ -964,8 +1059,7 @@ Options affecting specific writers
965: Specify *STRING* as a prefix at the beginning of the title
1060: Specify *STRING* as a prefix at the beginning of the title
966 that appears in the HTML header (but not in the title as it
1061 that appears in the HTML header (but not in the title as it
967− appears at the beginning of the HTML body). Implies
1062+ appears at the beginning of the HTML body). Implies `--standalone`.
970`-c` *URL*, `--css=`*URL*
1064`-c` *URL*, `--css=`*URL*
@@ -973,8 +1067,8 @@ Options affecting specific writers
973 include multiple files. They will be included in the order specified.
1067 include multiple files. They will be included in the order specified.
975 A stylesheet is required for generating EPUB. If none is
1069 A stylesheet is required for generating EPUB. If none is
976− provided using this option (or the `stylesheet` metadata
1070+ provided using this option (or the `css` or `stylesheet`
977− field), pandoc will look for a file `epub.css` in the
1071+ metadata fields), pandoc will look for a file `epub.css` in the
978 user data directory (see `--data-dir`). If it is not
1072 user data directory (see `--data-dir`). If it is not
979 found there, sensible defaults will be used.
1073 found there, sensible defaults will be used.
@@ -997,20 +1091,56 @@ Options affecting specific writers
998 To produce a custom `reference.docx`, first get a copy of
1092 To produce a custom `reference.docx`, first get a copy of
999 the default `reference.docx`: `pandoc
1093 the default `reference.docx`: `pandoc
1000− --print-default-data-file reference.docx >
1094+ -o custom-reference.docx --print-default-data-file reference.docx`.
1001− custom-reference.docx`. Then open `custom-reference.docx`
1095+ Then open `custom-reference.docx` in Word, modify the
1002− in Word, modify the styles as you wish, and save the file.
1096+ styles as you wish, and save the file. For best
1003− For best results, do not make changes to this file other
1097+ results, do not make changes to this file other than
1004− than modifying the styles used by pandoc: [paragraph]
1098+ modifying the styles used by pandoc:
1005− Normal, Body Text, First Paragraph, Compact, Title,
1104+ - First Paragraph
1006− Subtitle, Author, Date, Abstract, Bibliography, Heading 1,
1111+ - Bibliography
1007− Heading 2, Heading 3, Heading 4, Heading 5, Heading 6,
1112+ - Heading 1
1008− Heading 7, Heading 8, Heading 9, Block Text, Footnote Text,
1122+ - Footnote Text
1009− Definition Term, Definition, Caption, Table Caption,
1123+ - Definition Term
1010− Image Caption, Figure, Captioned Figure, TOC Heading;
1129+ - Captioned Figure
1011− [character] Default Paragraph Font, Body Text Char,
1134+ - Default Paragraph Font
1012− Verbatim Char, Footnote Reference, Hyperlink; [table]
1137+ - Footnote Reference
1013− Table.
1141+ Table style:
@@ -1024,19 +1154,18 @@ Options affecting specific writers
1025 To produce a custom `reference.odt`, first get a copy of
1155 To produce a custom `reference.odt`, first get a copy of
1026 the default `reference.odt`: `pandoc
1156 the default `reference.odt`: `pandoc
1027− --print-default-data-file reference.odt >
1157+ -o custom-reference.odt --print-default-data-file reference.odt`.
1028− custom-reference.odt`. Then open `custom-reference.odt` in
1158+ Then open `custom-reference.odt` in LibreOffice, modify
1029− LibreOffice, modify the styles as you wish, and save the
1159+ the styles as you wish, and save the file.
1032 PowerPoint
1161 PowerPoint
1034− : Any template included with a recent install of Microsoft
1163+ : Templates included with Microsoft PowerPoint 2013 (either with
1035− PowerPoint (either with `.pptx` or `.potx` extension) should
1164+ `.pptx` or `.potx` extension) are known to work, as are most
1036− work, as will most templates derived from these.
1165+ templates derived from these.
1038− The specific requirement is that the template should contain
1167+ The specific requirement is that the template should begin with
1039− the following four layouts as its first four layouts:
1168+ the following first four layouts:
1041 1. Title Slide
1170 1. Title Slide
1042 2. Title and Content
1171 2. Title and Content
@@ -1048,10 +1177,10 @@ Options affecting specific writers
1048 `Home` menu to check.)
1177 `Home` menu to check.)
1050 You can also modify the default `reference.pptx`: first run
1179 You can also modify the default `reference.pptx`: first run
1051− `pandoc --print-default-data-file reference.pptx >
1180+ `pandoc -o custom-reference.pptx --print-default-data-file
1052− custom-reference.pptx`, and then modify
1181+ reference.pptx`, and then modify `custom-reference.pptx`
1053− `custom-reference.pptx` in MS PowerPoint (pandoc will use the
1182+ in MS PowerPoint (pandoc will use the first four layout
1054− first four layout slides, as mentioned above).
1183+ slides, as mentioned above).
1056`--epub-cover-image=`*FILE*
1185`--epub-cover-image=`*FILE*
@@ -1119,12 +1248,12 @@ Options affecting specific writers
1120`--epub-chapter-level=`*NUMBER*
1249`--epub-chapter-level=`*NUMBER*
1122−: Specify the header level at which to split the EPUB into separate
1251+: Specify the heading level at which to split the EPUB into separate
1123− "chapter" files. The default is to split into chapters at level 1
1252+ "chapter" files. The default is to split into chapters at level-1
1124− headers. This option only affects the internal composition of the
1253+ headings. This option only affects the internal composition of the
1125 EPUB, not the way chapters and sections are displayed to users. Some
1254 EPUB, not the way chapters and sections are displayed to users. Some
1126 readers may be slow if the chapter files are too large, so for large
1255 readers may be slow if the chapter files are too large, so for large
1127− documents with few level 1 headers, one might want to use a chapter
1256+ documents with few level-1 headings, one might want to use a chapter
1128 level of 2 or 3.
1257 level of 2 or 3.
1130`--epub-subdirectory=`*DIRNAME*
1259`--epub-subdirectory=`*DIRNAME*
@@ -1133,71 +1262,118 @@ Options affecting specific writers
1133 the EPUB-specific contents. The default is `EPUB`. To put
1262 the EPUB-specific contents. The default is `EPUB`. To put
1134 the EPUB contents in the top level, use an empty string.
1263 the EPUB contents in the top level, use an empty string.
1136−`--pdf-engine=pdflatex`|`lualatex`|`xelatex`|`wkhtmltopdf`|`weasyprint`|`prince`|`context`|`pdfroff`
1265+`--ipynb-output=all|none|best`
1267+: Determines how ipynb output cells are treated. `all` means
1268+ that all of the data formats included in the original are
1269+ preserved. `none` means that the contents of data cells
1270+ are omitted. `best` causes pandoc to try to pick the
1271+ richest data block in each output cell that is compatible
1272+ with the output format. The default is `best`.
1274+`--pdf-engine=`*PROGRAM*
1138: Use the specified engine when producing PDF output.
1276: Use the specified engine when producing PDF output.
1277+ Valid values are `pdflatex`, `lualatex`, `xelatex`, `latexmk`,
1278+ `tectonic`, `wkhtmltopdf`, `weasyprint`, `prince`, `context`,
1139− The default is `pdflatex`. If the engine is not in your PATH,
1279+ and `pdfroff`. If the engine is not in your PATH, the full
1140− the full path of the engine may be specified here.
1280+ path of the engine may be specified here. If this option
1281+ is not specified, pandoc uses the following defaults
1282+ depending on the output format specified using `-t/--to`:
1284+ - `-t latex` or none: `pdflatex` (other options: `xelatex`, `lualatex`,
1285+ `tectonic`, `latexmk`)
1286+ - `-t context`: `context`
1287+ - `-t html`: `wkhtmltopdf` (other options: `prince`, `weasyprint`;
1288+ see [print-css.rocks](https://print-css.rocks) for a good
1289+ introduction to PDF generation from HTML/CSS.)
1290+ - `-t ms`: `pdfroff`
1142`--pdf-engine-opt=`*STRING*
1292`--pdf-engine-opt=`*STRING*
1144: Use the given string as a command-line argument to the `pdf-engine`.
1294: Use the given string as a command-line argument to the `pdf-engine`.
1145− If used multiple times, the arguments are provided with spaces between
1295+ For example, to use a persistent directory `foo` for `latexmk`'s
1296+ auxiliary files, use `--pdf-engine-opt=-outdir=foo`.
1146− them. Note that no check for duplicate options is done.
1297+ Note that no check for duplicate options is done.
1148−[Dublin Core elements]: http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/
1299+[Dublin Core elements]: https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dces/
1149−[ISO 8601 format]: http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime
1300+[ISO 8601 format]: https://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime
1150[Encoding issue with the listings package]:
1301[Encoding issue with the listings package]:
1151 https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Source_Code_Listings#Encoding_issue
1302 https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Source_Code_Listings#Encoding_issue
1153−Citation rendering
1304+## Citation rendering {.options}
1154−------------------
1305+
1308+: Process the citations in the file, replacing them with
1309+ rendered citations and adding a bibliography.
1310+ Citation processing will not take place unless bibliographic
1311+ data is supplied, either through an external file specified
1312+ using the `--bibliography` option or the `bibliography`
1313+ field in metadata, or via a `references` section in metadata
1314+ containing a list of citations in CSL YAML format with
1315+ Markdown formatting. The style is controlled by a [CSL]
1316+ stylesheet specified using the `--csl` option or the `csl`
1317+ field in metadata. (If no stylesheet is specified,
1318+ the `chicago-author-date` style will be used by default.)
1319+ The citation processing transformation may be applied before
1320+ or after filters or Lua filters (see `--filter`,
1321+ `--lua-filter`): these transformations are applied in the
1322+ order they appear on the command line. For more
1323+ information, see the section on [Citations].
1156`--bibliography=`*FILE*
1325`--bibliography=`*FILE*
1158: Set the `bibliography` field in the document's metadata to *FILE*,
1327: Set the `bibliography` field in the document's metadata to *FILE*,
1159− overriding any value set in the metadata, and process citations
1328+ overriding any value set in the metadata. If you supply
1160− using `pandoc-citeproc`. (This is equivalent to
1161− `--metadata bibliography=FILE --filter pandoc-citeproc`.)
1162− If `--natbib` or `--biblatex` is also supplied, `pandoc-citeproc` is not
1163− used, making this equivalent to `--metadata bibliography=FILE`.
1164− If you supply this argument multiple times, each *FILE* will be added
1329+ this argument multiple times, each *FILE* will be added to
1165− to bibliography.
1330+ bibliography. If *FILE* is a URL, it will be fetched
1331+ via HTTP. If *FILE* is not found relative to the
1332+ working directory, it will be sought in the resource path
1333+ (see `--resource-path`).
1167`--csl=`*FILE*
1335`--csl=`*FILE*
1169: Set the `csl` field in the document's metadata to *FILE*,
1337: Set the `csl` field in the document's metadata to *FILE*,
1170 overriding any value set in the metadata. (This is equivalent to
1338 overriding any value set in the metadata. (This is equivalent to
1171− `--metadata csl=FILE`.)
1339+ `--metadata csl=FILE`.) If *FILE* is a URL, it will be
1172− This option is only relevant with `pandoc-citeproc`.
1340+ fetched via HTTP. If *FILE* is not found relative to the
1341+ working directory, it will be sought in the resource path
1342+ (see `--resource-path`) and finally in the `csl`
1343+ subdirectory of the pandoc user data directory.
1174`--citation-abbreviations=`*FILE*
1345`--citation-abbreviations=`*FILE*
1176: Set the `citation-abbreviations` field in the document's metadata to
1347: Set the `citation-abbreviations` field in the document's metadata to
1177 *FILE*, overriding any value set in the metadata. (This is equivalent to
1348 *FILE*, overriding any value set in the metadata. (This is equivalent to
1178 `--metadata citation-abbreviations=FILE`.)
1349 `--metadata citation-abbreviations=FILE`.)
1179− This option is only relevant with `pandoc-citeproc`.
1350+ If *FILE* is a URL, it will be fetched via HTTP. If *FILE* is not
1351+ found relative to the working directory, it will be sought
1352+ in the resource path (see `--resource-path`) and finally in
1353+ the `csl` subdirectory of the pandoc user data directory.
1181`--natbib`
1355`--natbib`
1183−: Use [`natbib`] for citations in LaTeX output. This option is not for use
1357+: Use [`natbib`] for citations in LaTeX output. This option
1184− with the `pandoc-citeproc` filter or with PDF output. It is intended for
1358+ is not for use with the `--citeproc` option or with PDF
1359+ output. It is intended for use in producing a LaTeX file
1185− use in producing a LaTeX file that can be processed with [`bibtex`].
1360+ that can be processed with [`bibtex`].
1187`--biblatex`
1362`--biblatex`
1189−: Use [`biblatex`] for citations in LaTeX output. This option is not for use
1364+: Use [`biblatex`] for citations in LaTeX output. This option
1190− with the `pandoc-citeproc` filter or with PDF output. It is intended for
1365+ is not for use with the `--citeproc` option or with PDF
1366+ output. It is intended for use in producing a LaTeX file
1191− use in producing a LaTeX file that can be processed with [`bibtex`] or [`biber`].
1367+ that can be processed with [`bibtex`] or [`biber`].
1193−Math rendering in HTML
1369+## Math rendering in HTML {.options}
1194−----------------------
1196−The default is to render TeX math as far as possible using Unicode characters.
1371+The default is to render TeX math as far as possible using
1372+Unicode characters. Formulas are put inside a `span` with
1197−Formulas are put inside a `span` with `class="math"`, so that they may be styled
1373+`class="math"`, so that they may be styled differently from the
1198−differently from the surrounding text if needed. However, this gives acceptable
1374+surrounding text if needed. However, this gives acceptable
1199−results only for basic math, usually you will want to use `--mathjax` or another
1375+results only for basic math, usually you will want to use
1200−of the following options.
1376+`--mathjax` or another of the following options.
1202`--mathjax`[`=`*URL*]
1378`--mathjax`[`=`*URL*]
@@ -1211,10 +1387,11 @@ of the following options.
1212`--mathml`
1388`--mathml`
1214−: Convert TeX math to [MathML] (in `epub3`, `docbook4`, `docbook5`, `jats`,
1390+: Convert TeX math to [MathML] (in `epub3`, `docbook4`,
1391+ `docbook5`, `jats`, `html4` and `html5`). This is the
1215− `html4` and `html5`). This is the default in `odt` output. Note that
1392+ default in `odt` output. Note that currently only Firefox
1216− currently only Firefox and Safari (and select e-book readers) natively
1393+ and Safari (and select e-book readers) natively support
1217− support MathML.
1394+ MathML.
1219`--webtex`[`=`*URL*]
1396`--webtex`[`=`*URL*]
@@ -1238,21 +1415,19 @@ of the following options.
1238`--gladtex`
1415`--gladtex`
1240: Enclose TeX math in `<eq>` tags in HTML output. The resulting HTML
1417: Enclose TeX math in `<eq>` tags in HTML output. The resulting HTML
1241− can then be processed by [GladTeX] to produce images of the typeset
1418+ can then be processed by [GladTeX] to produce SVG images of the typeset
1242− formulas and an HTML file with links to these images.
1419+ formulas and an HTML file with these images embedded.
1243− So, the procedure is:
1245 pandoc -s --gladtex input.md -o myfile.htex
1421 pandoc -s --gladtex input.md -o myfile.htex
1246− gladtex -d myfile-images myfile.htex
1422+ gladtex -d image_dir myfile.htex
1247− # produces myfile.html and images in myfile-images
1423+ # produces myfile.html and images in image_dir
1249−[MathML]: http://www.w3.org/Math/
1425+[MathML]: https://www.w3.org/Math/
1250[MathJax]: https://www.mathjax.org
1426[MathJax]: https://www.mathjax.org
1251[KaTeX]: https://github.com/Khan/KaTeX
1427[KaTeX]: https://github.com/Khan/KaTeX
1252−[GladTeX]: http://humenda.github.io/GladTeX/
1428+[GladTeX]: https://humenda.github.io/GladTeX/
1254−Options for wrapper scripts
1430+## Options for wrapper scripts {.options}
1255−---------------------------
1257`--dump-args`
1432`--dump-args`
@@ -1276,8 +1451,277 @@ Options for wrapper scripts
1277 pandoc -o foo.html -s
1452 pandoc -o foo.html -s
1456+If pandoc completes successfully, it will return exit code 0.
1457+Nonzero exit codes have the following meanings:
1460+----- ------------------------------------
1461+ 3 PandocFailOnWarningError
1463+ 5 PandocTemplateError
1464+ 6 PandocOptionError
1465+ 21 PandocUnknownReaderError
1466+ 22 PandocUnknownWriterError
1467+ 23 PandocUnsupportedExtensionError
1468+ 24 PandocCiteprocError
1469+ 31 PandocEpubSubdirectoryError
1472+ 47 PandocPDFProgramNotFoundError
1474+ 62 PandocShouldNeverHappenError
1476+ 64 PandocParseError
1477+ 65 PandocParsecError
1478+ 66 PandocMakePDFError
1479+ 67 PandocSyntaxMapError
1480+ 83 PandocFilterError
1482+ 92 PandocUTF8DecodingError
1483+ 93 PandocIpynbDecodingError
1484+ 94 PandocUnsupportedCharsetError
1485+ 97 PandocCouldNotFindDataFileError
1486+ 99 PandocResourceNotFound
1487+----- ------------------------------------
1491+The `--defaults` option may be used to specify a package
1492+of options. Here is a sample defaults file demonstrating all of
1493+the fields that may be used:
1496+from: markdown+emoji
1497+# reader: may be used instead of from:
1499+# writer: may be used instead of to:
1501+# leave blank for output to stdout:
1503+# leave blank for input from stdin, use [] for no input:
1507+# or you may use input-file: with a single value
1509+# Include options from the specified defaults files.
1510+# The files will be searched for first in the working directory
1511+# and then in the defaults subdirectory of the user data directory.
1512+# The files are included in the same order in which they appear in
1513+# the list. Options specified in this defaults file always have
1514+# priority over the included ones.
1521+self-contained: false
1523+# note that structured variables may be specified:
1525+ documentclass: book
1530+# metadata values specified here are parsed as literal
1531+# string text, not markdown:
1538+# or you may use metadata-file: with a single value
1540+# Note that these take files, not their contents:
1541+include-before-body: []
1542+include-after-body: []
1543+include-in-header: []
1544+resource-path: ["."]
1546+# turn on built-in citation processing. Note that if you need
1547+# control over when the citeproc processing is done relative
1548+# to other filters, you should instead use `citeproc` in the
1549+# list of `filters` (see below).
1555+citation-abbreviations: abbrevs.json
1557+# Filters will be assumed to be Lua filters if they have
1558+# the .lua extension, and json filters otherwise. But
1559+# the filter type can also be specified explicitly, as shown.
1560+# Filters are run in the order specified.
1561+# To include the built-in citeproc filter, use either `citeproc`
1562+# or `{type: citeproc}`.
1572+# ERROR, WARNING, or INFO
1576+# citeproc, natbib, or biblatex. This only affects LaTeX
1577+# output. If you want to use citeproc to format citations,
1578+# you should also set 'citeproc: true' (see above).
1579+cite-method: citeproc
1581+# part, chapter, section, or default:
1582+top-level-division: chapter
1585+pdf-engine: pdflatex
1588+# you may also use pdf-engine-opt: with a single option
1589+# pdf-engine-opt: "-shell-escape"
1591+# auto, preserve, or none
1596+extract-media: mediadir
1598+table-of-contents: true
1600+number-sections: false
1601+# a list of offsets at each heading level
1602+number-offset: [0,0,0,0,0,0]
1603+# toc: may also be used instead of table-of-contents:
1604+shift-heading-level-by: 1
1606+identifier-prefix: foo
1608+strip-empty-paragraphs: true
1609+# lf, crlf, or native
1611+strip-comments: false
1612+indented-code-classes: []
1614+default-image-extension: ".jpg"
1616+# either a style name of a style definition file:
1617+highlight-style: pygments
1620+# or you may use syntax-definition: with a single value
1623+reference-doc: myref.docx
1625+# method is plain, webtex, gladtex, mathml, mathjax, katex
1626+# you may specify a url with webtex, mathjax, katex
1629+ url: "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"
1630+# none, references, or javascript
1631+email-obfuscation: javascript
1639+epub-subdirectory: EPUB
1640+epub-metadata: meta.xml
1643+epub-chapter-level: 1
1644+epub-cover-image: cover.jpg
1646+reference-links: true
1647+# block, section, or document
1648+reference-location: block
1649+markdown-headings: setext
1651+# accept, reject, or all
1652+track-changes: accept
1658+# none, all, or best
1661+# A list of two-element lists
1663+- ["User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0"]
1665+fail-if-warnings: false
1671+Fields that are omitted will just have their regular
1672+default values. So a defaults file can be as simple as
1679+In fields that expect a file path (or list of file paths), the
1680+following syntax may be used to interpolate environment variables:
1683+csl: ${HOME}/mycsldir/special.csl
1686+`${USERDATA}` may also be used; this will always resolve to the
1687+user data directory that is current when the defaults file is
1688+parsed, regardless of the setting of the environment
1689+variable `USERDATA`.
1691+`${.}` will resolve to the directory containing the default
1692+file itself. This allows you to refer to resources contained
1696+epub-cover-image: ${.}/cover.jpg
1697+epub-metadata: ${.}/meta.xml
1699+- . # the working directory from which pandoc is run
1700+- ${.}/images # the images subdirectory of the directory
1701+ # containing this defaults file
1704+This environment variable interpolation syntax *only* works in
1705+fields that expect file paths.
1707+Default files can be placed in the `defaults` subdirectory of
1708+the user data directory and used from any directory. For
1709+example, one could create a file specifying defaults for writing
1710+letters, save it as `letter.yaml` in the `defaults` subdirectory
1711+of the user data directory, and then invoke these defaults
1712+from any directory using `pandoc --defaults letter`
1713+or `pandoc -dletter`.
1715+When multiple defaults are used, their contents will be combined.
1717+Note that, where command-line arguments may be repeated
1718+(`--metadata-file`, `--css`, `--include-in-header`,
1719+`--include-before-body`, `--include-after-body`, `--variable`,
1720+`--metadata`, `--syntax-definition`), the values specified on
1721+the command line will combine with values specified in the
1722+defaults file, rather than replacing them.
1279−Templates
1724+# Templates
1282When the `-s/--standalone` option is used, pandoc uses a template to
1726When the `-s/--standalone` option is used, pandoc uses a template to
1283add header and footer material that is needed for a self-standing
1727add header and footer material that is needed for a self-standing
@@ -1297,414 +1741,981 @@ directory (see `--data-dir`, above). *Exceptions:*
1297 (or the `default.context` template, if you use `-t context`,
1741 (or the `default.context` template, if you use `-t context`,
1298 or the `default.ms` template, if you use `-t ms`, or the
1742 or the `default.ms` template, if you use `-t ms`, or the
1299 `default.html` template, if you use `-t html`).
1743 `default.html` template, if you use `-t html`).
1300−- `docx` has no template (however, you can use
1744+- `docx` and `pptx` have no template (however, you can use
1301 `--reference-doc` to customize the output).
1745 `--reference-doc` to customize the output).
1303Templates contain *variables*, which allow for the inclusion of
1747Templates contain *variables*, which allow for the inclusion of
1304arbitrary information at any point in the file. They may be set at the
1748arbitrary information at any point in the file. They may be set at the
1305command line using the `-V/--variable` option. If a variable is not set,
1749command line using the `-V/--variable` option. If a variable is not set,
1306−pandoc will look for the key in the document's metadata – which can be set
1750+pandoc will look for the key in the document's metadata, which can be set
1307using either [YAML metadata blocks][Extension: `yaml_metadata_block`]
1751using either [YAML metadata blocks][Extension: `yaml_metadata_block`]
1308−or with the `--metadata` option.
1752+or with the `-M/--metadata` option. In addition, some variables
1753+are given default values by pandoc. See [Variables] below for
1754+a list of variables used in pandoc's default templates.
1310−Variables set by pandoc
1756+If you use custom templates, you may need to revise them as pandoc
1311−-----------------------
1757+changes. We recommend tracking the changes in the default templates,
1758+and modifying your custom templates accordingly. An easy way to do this
1759+is to fork the [pandoc-templates] repository and merge in
1760+changes after each pandoc release.
1313−Some variables are set automatically by pandoc. These vary somewhat
1762+ [pandoc-templates]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc-templates
1314−depending on the output format, but include the following:
1316−`sourcefile`, `outputfile`
1764+## Template syntax
1317−: source and destination filenames, as given on the command line.
1318− `sourcefile` can also be a list if input comes from multiple files, or empty
1319− if input is from stdin. You can use the following snippet in your template
1320− to distinguish them:
1322− $if(sourcefile)$
1766+### Comments
1330− Similarly, `outputfile` can be `-` if output goes to the terminal.
1768+Anything between the sequence `$--` and the end of the
1769+line will be treated as a comment and omitted from the output.
1332−`title`, `author`, `date`
1771+### Delimiters
1333−: allow identification of basic aspects of the document. Included
1334− in PDF metadata through LaTeX and ConTeXt. These can be set
1335− through a [pandoc title block][Extension: `pandoc_title_block`],
1336− which allows for multiple authors, or through a YAML metadata block:
1338− ---
1773+To mark variables and control structures in the template,
1339− author:
1774+either `$`...`$` or `${`...`}` may be used as delimiters.
1340− - Aristotle
1775+The styles may also be mixed in the same template, but the
1341− - Peter Abelard
1776+opening and closing delimiter must match in each case. The
1342− ...
1777+opening delimiter may be followed by one or more spaces
1778+or tabs, which will be ignored. The closing delimiter may
1779+be followed by one or more spaces or tabs, which will be
1344−`subtitle`
1782+To include a literal `$` in the document, use `$$`.
1345−: document subtitle, included in HTML, EPUB, LaTeX, ConTeXt, and Word docx;
1346− renders in LaTeX only when using a document class that supports
1347− `\subtitle`, such as `beamer` or the [KOMA-Script] series (`scrartcl`,
1348− `scrreprt`, `scrbook`).[^subtitle]
1350−`institute`
1784+### Interpolated variables
1351−: author affiliations (in LaTeX and Beamer only). Can be a
1352− list, when there are multiple authors.
1354−`abstract`
1786+A slot for an interpolated variable is a variable name surrounded
1355−: document summary, included in LaTeX, ConTeXt, AsciiDoc, and Word docx
1787+by matched delimiters. Variable names must begin with a letter
1788+and can contain letters, numbers, `_`, `-`, and `.`. The
1789+keywords `it`, `if`, `else`, `endif`, `for`, `sep`, and `endfor` may
1790+not be used as variable names. Examples:
1358−: list of keywords to be included in HTML, PDF, and AsciiDoc metadata;
1793+$foo$
1359− may be repeated as for `author`, above
1794+$foo.bar.baz$
1361−`header-includes`
1803+Variable names with periods are used to get at structured
1362−: contents specified by `-H/--include-in-header` (may have multiple
1804+variable values. So, for example, `employee.salary` will return the
1363− values)
1805+value of the `salary` field of the object that is the value of
1806+the `employee` field.
1365−`toc`
1808+- If the value of the variable is simple value, it will be
1366−: non-null value if `--toc/--table-of-contents` was specified
1809+ rendered verbatim. (Note that no escaping is done;
1810+ the assumption is that the calling program will escape
1811+ the strings appropriately for the output format.)
1812+- If the value is a list, the values will be concatenated.
1813+- If the value is a map, the string `true` will be rendered.
1814+- Every other value will be rendered as the empty string.
1368−`toc-title`
1816+### Conditionals
1369−: title of table of contents (works only with EPUB,
1370− opendocument, odt, docx, pptx, beamer, LaTeX)
1372−`include-before`
1818+A conditional begins with `if(variable)` (enclosed in
1373−: contents specified by `-B/--include-before-body` (may have
1819+matched delimiters) and ends with `endif` (enclosed in matched
1374− multiple values)
1820+delimiters). It may optionally contain an `else` (enclosed in
1821+matched delimiters). The `if` section is used if
1822+`variable` has a non-empty value, otherwise the `else`
1823+section is used (if present). Examples:
1376−`include-after`
1825+```
1377−: contents specified by `-A/--include-after-body` (may have
1826+$if(foo)$bar$endif$
1380−`body`
1828+$if(foo)$
1381−: body of document
1829+ $foo$
1383−`meta-json`
1832+$if(foo)$
1384−: JSON representation of all of the document's metadata. Field
1833+part one
1385− values are transformed to the selected output format.
1834+$else$
1387−[^subtitle]: To make `subtitle` work with other LaTeX
1838+${if(foo)}bar${endif}
1388− document classes, you can add the following to `header-includes`:
1390− \providecommand{\subtitle}[1]{%
1840+${if(foo)}
1391− \usepackage{titling}
1841+ ${foo}
1392− \posttitle{%
1842+${endif}
1393− \par\large#1\end{center}}
1396−Language variables
1844+${if(foo)}
1397−------------------
1845+${ foo.bar }
1399−`lang`
1851+The keyword `elseif` may be used to simplify complex nested
1400−: identifies the main language of the document,
1852+conditionals:
1401− using a code according to [BCP 47] (e.g. `en` or `en-GB`).
1402− For some output formats, pandoc will convert it to an appropriate
1403− format stored in the additional variables `babel-lang`,
1404− `polyglossia-lang` (LaTeX) and `context-lang` (ConTeXt).
1406− Native pandoc Spans and Divs with the lang attribute
1407− (value in BCP 47) can be used to switch the language in
1408− that range. In LaTeX output, `babel-otherlangs` and
1409− `polyglossia-otherlangs` variables will be generated
1410− automatically based on the `lang` attributes of Spans
1411− and Divs in the document.
1414−: the base direction of the document, either `rtl` (right-to-left)
1855+$if(foo)$
1415− or `ltr` (left-to-right).
1856+XXX
1417− For bidirectional documents, native pandoc `span`s and `div`s
1864+### For loops
1418− with the `dir` attribute (value `rtl` or `ltr`) can be used to
1419− override the base direction in some output formats.
1420− This may not always be necessary if the final renderer
1421− (e.g. the browser, when generating HTML) supports the
1422− [Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm].
1424− When using LaTeX for bidirectional documents, only the `xelatex` engine
1866+A for loop begins with `for(variable)` (enclosed in
1425− is fully supported (use `--pdf-engine=xelatex`).
1867+matched delimiters) and ends with `endfor` (enclosed in matched
1427−[BCP 47]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47
1870+- If `variable` is an array, the material inside the loop will
1428−[Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm]: http://www.w3.org/International/articles/inline-bidi-markup/uba-basics
1871+ be evaluated repeatedly, with `variable` being set to each
1872+ value of the array in turn, and concatenated.
1873+- If `variable` is a map, the material inside will be set to
1875+- If the value of the associated variable is not an array or
1876+ a map, a single iteration will be performed on its value.
1430−Variables for slides
1878+Examples:
1431−--------------------
1433−Variables are available for [producing slide shows with pandoc],
1880+```
1434−including all [reveal.js configuration options].
1881+$for(foo)$$foo$$sep$, $endfor$
1436−`titlegraphic`
1883+$for(foo)$
1437−: title graphic for Beamer documents
1884+ - $foo.last$, $foo.first$
1439−`logo`
1887+${ for(foo.bar) }
1440−: logo for Beamer documents
1888+ - ${ foo.bar.last }, ${ foo.bar.first }
1442−`slidy-url`
1891+$for(mymap)$
1443−: base URL for Slidy documents (defaults to
1892+$it.name$: $it.office$
1444− `https://www.w3.org/Talks/Tools/Slidy2`)
1893+$endfor$
1446−`slideous-url`
1896+You may optionally specify a separator between consecutive
1447−: base URL for Slideous documents (defaults to `slideous`)
1897+values using `sep` (enclosed in matched delimiters). The
1898+material between `sep` and the `endfor` is the separator.
1450−: base URL for S5 documents (defaults to `s5/default`)
1901+${ for(foo) }${ foo }${ sep }, ${ endfor }
1452−`revealjs-url`
1904+Instead of using `variable` inside the loop, the special
1453−: base URL for reveal.js documents (defaults to `reveal.js`)
1905+anaphoric keyword `it` may be used.
1455−`theme`, `colortheme`, `fonttheme`, `innertheme`, `outertheme`
1907+```
1456−: themes for LaTeX [`beamer`] documents
1908+${ for(foo.bar) }
1909+ - ${ it.last }, ${ it.first }
1458−`themeoptions`
1913+### Partials
1459−: options for LaTeX beamer themes (a list).
1461−`navigation`
1915+Partials (subtemplates stored in different files) may be
1462−: controls navigation symbols in `beamer` documents
1916+included by using the name of the partial, followed
1463− (default is `empty` for no navigation symbols; other valid values
1917+by `()`, for example:
1464− are `frame`, `vertical`, and `horizontal`).
1466−`section-titles`
1919+```
1467−: enables on "title pages" for new sections in `beamer`
1920+${ styles() }
1468− documents (default = true).
1921+```
1470−`beamerarticle`
1923+Partials will be sought in the directory containing
1471−: when true, the `beamerarticle` package is loaded (for
1924+the main template. The file name will be assumed to
1472− producing an article from beamer slides).
1925+have the same extension as the main template if it
1926+lacks an extension. When calling the partial, the
1927+full name including file extension can also be used:
1474−`aspectratio`
1929+```
1475−: aspect ratio of slides (for beamer only, `1610` for 16:10, `169` for 16:9,
1930+${ styles.html() }
1476− `149` for 14:9, `141` for 1.41:1, `54` for 5:4, `43` for 4:3 which is the
1931+```
1477− default, and `32` for 3:2).
1479−[reveal.js configuration options]: https://github.com/hakimel/reveal.js#configuration
1933+(If a partial is not found in the directory of the
1934+template and the template path is given as a relative
1935+path, it will also be sought in the `templates`
1936+subdirectory of the user data directory.)
1481−Variables for LaTeX
1938+Partials may optionally be applied to variables using
1482−-------------------
1939+a colon:
1484−LaTeX variables are used when [creating a PDF].
1941+```
1486−`papersize`
1944+${ articles:bibentry() }
1487−: paper size, e.g. `letter`, `a4`
1945+```
1489−`fontsize`
1947+If `articles` is an array, this will iterate over its
1490−: font size for body text (e.g. `10pt`, `12pt`)
1948+values, applying the partial `bibentry()` to each one. So the
1949+second example above is equivalent to
1492−`documentclass`
1951+```
1493−: document class, e.g. [`article`], [`report`], [`book`], [`memoir`]
1952+${ for(articles) }
1495−`classoption`
1957+Note that the anaphoric keyword `it` must be used when
1496−: option for document class, e.g. `oneside`; may be repeated
1958+iterating over partials. In the above examples,
1497− for multiple options
1959+the `bibentry` partial should contain `it.title`
1960+(and so on) instead of `articles.title`.
1499−`beameroption`
1962+Final newlines are omitted from included partials.
1500−: In beamer, add extra beamer option with `\setbeameroption{}`
1502−`geometry`
1964+Partials may include other partials.
1503−: option for [`geometry`] package, e.g. `margin=1in`;
1504− may be repeated for multiple options
1506−`margin-left`, `margin-right`, `margin-top`, `margin-bottom`
1966+A separator between values of an array may be specified
1507−: sets margins, if `geometry` is not used (otherwise `geometry`
1967+in square brackets, immediately after the variable name
1508− overrides these)
1968+or partial:
1510−`linestretch`
1970+```
1511−: adjusts line spacing using the [`setspace`]
1971+${months[, ]}$
1512− package, e.g. `1.25`, `1.5`
1514−`fontfamily`
1973+${articles:bibentry()[; ]$
1515−: font package for use with `pdflatex`:
1974+```
1516− [TeX Live] includes many options, documented in the [LaTeX Font Catalogue].
1517− The default is [Latin Modern][`lm`].
1519−`fontfamilyoptions`
1976+The separator in this case is literal and (unlike with `sep`
1520−: options for package used as `fontfamily`: e.g. `osf,sc` with
1977+in an explicit `for` loop) cannot contain interpolated
1521− `fontfamily` set to [`mathpazo`] provides Palatino with old-style
1978+variables or other template directives.
1522− figures and true small caps; may be repeated for multiple options
1524−`mainfont`, `sansfont`, `monofont`, `mathfont`, `CJKmainfont`
1980+### Nesting
1525−: font families for use with `xelatex` or
1526− `lualatex`: take the name of any system font, using the
1527− [`fontspec`] package. Note that if `CJKmainfont` is used,
1528− the [`xecjk`] package must be available.
1530−`mainfontoptions`, `sansfontoptions`, `monofontoptions`, `mathfontoptions`, `CJKoptions`
1982+To ensure that content is "nested," that is, subsequent lines
1531−: options to use with `mainfont`, `sansfont`, `monofont`, `mathfont`,
1983+indented, use the `^` directive:
1532− `CJKmainfont` in `xelatex` and `lualatex`. Allow for any choices
1533− available through [`fontspec`], such as the OpenType features
1534− `Numbers=OldStyle,Numbers=Proportional`. May be repeated for multiple options.
1537−: allows font encoding to be specified through `fontenc` package (with `pdflatex`);
1986+$item.number$ $^$$item.description$ ($item.price$)
1538− default is `T1` (see guide to [LaTeX font encodings])
1987+```
1540−`microtypeoptions`
1989+In this example, if `item.description` has multiple lines,
1541−: options to pass to the microtype package
1990+they will all be indented to line up with the first line:
1543−`colorlinks`
1992+```
1544−: add color to link text; automatically enabled if any of
1993+00123 A fine bottle of 18-year old
1545− `linkcolor`, `filecolor`, `citecolor`, `urlcolor`, or `toccolor` are set
1994+ Oban whiskey. ($148)
1547−`linkcolor`, `filecolor`, `citecolor`, `urlcolor`, `toccolor`
1997+To nest multiple lines to the same level, align them
1548−: color for internal links, external links, citation links, linked
1998+with the `^` directive in the template. For example:
1549− URLs, and links in table of contents, respectively: uses options
1550− allowed by [`xcolor`], including the `dvipsnames`, `svgnames`, and
1553−`links-as-notes`
2000+```
1554−: causes links to be printed as footnotes
2001+$item.number$ $^$$item.description$ ($item.price$)
2002+ (Available til $item.sellby$.)
1556−`indent`
2005+will produce
1557−: uses document class settings for indentation (the default LaTeX template
1558− otherwise removes indentation and adds space between paragraphs)
1560−`subparagraph`
2007+```
1561−: disables default behavior of LaTeX template that redefines (sub)paragraphs
2008+00123 A fine bottle of 18-year old
1562− as sections, changing the appearance of nested headings in some classes
2009+ Oban whiskey. ($148)
2010+ (Available til March 30, 2020.)
1564−`thanks`
2013+If a variable occurs by itself on a line, preceded by whitespace
1565−: specifies contents of acknowledgments footnote after document title.
2014+and not followed by further text or directives on the same line,
2015+and the variable's value contains multiple lines, it will be
2016+nested automatically.
1567−`toc`
2018+### Breakable spaces
1568−: include table of contents (can also be set using `--toc/--table-of-contents`)
1570−`toc-depth`
2020+Normally, spaces in the template itself (as opposed to values of
1571−: level of section to include in table of contents
2021+the interpolated variables) are not breakable, but they can be
2022+made breakable in part of the template by using the `~` keyword
2023+(ended with another `~`).
1573−`secnumdepth`
2025+```
1574−: numbering depth for sections, if sections are numbered
2026+$~$This long line may break if the document is rendered
2027+with a short line length.$~$
1576−`lof`, `lot`
2030+### Pipes
1577−: include list of figures, list of tables
1579−`bibliography`
2032+A pipe transforms the value of a variable or partial. Pipes are
1580−: bibliography to use for resolving references
2033+specified using a slash (`/`) between the variable name (or partial)
2034+and the pipe name. Example:
1582−`biblio-style`
2036+```
1583−: bibliography style, when used with `--natbib` and `--biblatex`.
2037+$for(name)$
1585−`biblio-title`
2041+$for(metadata/pairs)$
1586−: bibliography title, when used with `--natbib` and `--biblatex`.
2042+- $it.key$: $it.value$
1588−`biblatexoptions`
2045+$employee:name()/uppercase$
1589−: list of options for biblatex.
2046+```
1591−`natbiboptions`
2048+Pipes may be chained:
1592−: list of options for natbib.
1595−: An option for LaTeX's `\pagestyle{}`. The default article class
2051+$for(employees/pairs)$
1596− supports 'plain' (default), 'empty', and 'headings'; headings puts
2052+$it.key/alpha/uppercase$. $it.name$
1597− section titles in the header.
2053+$endfor$
1599−[`article`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/article
2056+Some pipes take parameters:
1600−[`report`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/report
1601−[`book`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/book
1602−[KOMA-Script]: https://ctan.org/pkg/koma-script
1603−[`memoir`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/memoir
1604−[`xcolor`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/xcolor
1605−[LaTeX Font Catalogue]: http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/
1606−[`mathpazo`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/mathpazo
1607−[LaTeX font encodings]: https://ctan.org/pkg/encguide
1609−Variables for ConTeXt
2058+```
1610−---------------------
2059+|----------------------|------------|
2061+$it.name.first/uppercase/left 20 "| "$$it.name.salary/right 10 " | " " |"$
2063+|----------------------|------------|
1612−`papersize`
2066+Currently the following pipes are predefined:
1613−: paper size, e.g. `letter`, `A4`, `landscape` (see [ConTeXt Paper Setup]);
1614− may be repeated for multiple options
1616−`layout`
2068+- `pairs`: Converts a map or array to an array of maps,
1617−: options for page margins and text arrangement (see [ConTeXt Layout]);
2069+ each with `key` and `value` fields. If the original
1618− may be repeated for multiple options
2070+ value was an array, the `key` will be the array index,
2073+- `uppercase`: Converts text to uppercase.
2075+- `lowercase`: Converts text to lowercase.
2077+- `length`: Returns the length of the value: number
2078+ of characters for a textual value, number of elements
2079+ for a map or array.
2081+- `reverse`: Reverses a textual value or array,
2082+ and has no effect on other values.
2084+- `first`: Returns the first value of an array, if
2085+ applied to a non-empty array; otherwise returns
2086+ the original value.
2088+- `last`: Returns the last value of an array, if
2089+ applied to a non-empty array; otherwise returns
2090+ the original value.
2092+- `rest`: Returns all but the first value of an array, if
2093+ applied to a non-empty array; otherwise returns
2094+ the original value.
2096+- `allbutlast`: Returns all but the last value of an array, if
2097+ applied to a non-empty array; otherwise returns
2098+ the original value.
2100+- `chomp`: Removes trailing newlines (and breakable space).
2102+- `nowrap`: Disables line wrapping on breakable spaces.
2104+- `alpha`: Converts textual values that can be
2105+ read as an integer into lowercase alphabetic
2106+ characters `a..z` (mod 26). This can be used to get lettered
2107+ enumeration from array indices. To get uppercase
2108+ letters, chain with `uppercase`.
2110+- `roman`: Converts textual values that can be
2111+ read as an integer into lowercase roman numerials.
2112+ This can be used to get lettered enumeration from array indices.
2113+ To get uppercase roman, chain with `uppercase`.
2115+- `left n "leftborder" "rightborder"`: Renders a textual value
2116+ in a block of width `n`, aligned to the left, with an optional
2117+ left and right border. Has no effect on other values. This
2118+ can be used to align material in tables. Widths are positive
2119+ integers indicating the number of characters. Borders
2120+ are strings inside double quotes; literal `"` and `\` characters
2121+ must be backslash-escaped.
2123+- `right n "leftborder" "rightborder"`: Renders a textual value
2124+ in a block of width `n`, aligned to the right, and has no
2125+ effect on other values.
2127+- `center n "leftborder" "rightborder"`: Renders a textual
2128+ value in a block of width `n`, aligned to the center, and has
2129+ no effect on other values.
2134+### Metadata variables
2136+`title`, `author`, `date`
2137+: allow identification of basic aspects of the document. Included
2138+ in PDF metadata through LaTeX and ConTeXt. These can be set
2139+ through a [pandoc title block][Extension: `pandoc_title_block`],
2140+ which allows for multiple authors, or through a
2141+ [YAML metadata block][Extension: `yaml_metadata_block`]:
2149+ Note that if you just want to set PDF or HTML metadata, without
2150+ including a title block in the document itself, you can
2151+ set the `title-meta`, `author-meta`, and `date-meta`
2152+ variables. (By default these are set automatically, based
2153+ on `title`, `author`, and `date`.) The page title in HTML
2154+ is set by `pagetitle`, which is equal to `title` by default.
2157+: document subtitle, included in HTML, EPUB, LaTeX, ConTeXt, and docx
2161+: document summary, included in LaTeX, ConTeXt, AsciiDoc, and docx
2165+: list of keywords to be included in HTML, PDF, ODT, pptx, docx
2166+ and AsciiDoc metadata; repeat as for `author`, above
2169+: document subject, included in ODT, PDF, docx and pptx metadata
2172+: document description, included in ODT, docx and pptx metadata. Some
2173+ applications show this as `Comments` metadata.
2176+: document category, included in docx and pptx metadata
2179+any root-level string metadata, not included in ODT, docx
2180+or pptx metadata is added as a *custom property*.
2181+The following [YAML] metadata block for instance:
2184+ title: 'This is the title'
2185+ subtitle: "This is the subtitle"
2193+ It consists of two paragraphs
2196+will include `title`, `author` and `description` as standard document
2197+properties and `subtitle` as a custom property when converting to docx,
2200+### Language variables
2203+: identifies the main language of the document using IETF language
2204+ tags (following the [BCP 47] standard), such as `en` or `en-GB`.
2205+ The [Language subtag lookup] tool can look up or verify these tags.
2206+ This affects most formats, and controls hyphenation in PDF output
2207+ when using LaTeX (through [`babel`] and [`polyglossia`]) or ConTeXt.
2209+ Use native pandoc [Divs and Spans] with the `lang` attribute to
2210+ switch the language:
2216+ Text in the main document language (British English).
2219+ > Cette citation est écrite en français canadien.
2222+ More text in English. ['Zitat auf Deutsch.']{lang=de}
2225+: the base script direction, either `rtl` (right-to-left)
2226+ or `ltr` (left-to-right).
2228+ For bidirectional documents, native pandoc `span`s and
2229+ `div`s with the `dir` attribute (value `rtl` or `ltr`) can
2230+ be used to override the base direction in some output
2231+ formats. This may not always be necessary if the final
2232+ renderer (e.g. the browser, when generating HTML) supports
2233+ the [Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm].
2235+ When using LaTeX for bidirectional documents, only the
2236+ `xelatex` engine is fully supported (use
2237+ `--pdf-engine=xelatex`).
2239+[BCP 47]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47
2240+[Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm]: https://www.w3.org/International/articles/inline-bidi-markup/uba-basics
2241+[Language subtag lookup]: https://r12a.github.io/app-subtags/
2243+### Variables for HTML
2246+: Enables inclusion of most of the [CSS] in the `styles.html`
2247+ [partial](#partials) (have a look with
2248+ `pandoc --print-default-data-file=templates/styles.html`).
2249+ Unless you use [`--css`](#option--css), this variable
2250+ is set to `true` by default. You can disable it with
2251+ e.g. `pandoc -M document-css=false`.
2254+: sets the CSS `font-family` property on the `html` element.
2257+: sets the base CSS `font-size`, which you'd usually set
2258+ to e.g. `20px`, but it also accepts `pt`
2259+ (12pt = 16px in most browsers).
2262+: sets the CSS `color` property on the `html` element.
2265+: sets the CSS `color` property on all links.
2268+: sets the CSS `font-family` property on `code` elements.
2270+`monobackgroundcolor`
2271+: sets the CSS `background-color` property on `code` elements
2272+ and adds extra padding.
2275+: sets the CSS `line-height` property on the `html` element,
2276+ which is preferred to be unitless.
2279+: sets the CSS `background-color` property on the `html` element.
1620`margin-left`, `margin-right`, `margin-top`, `margin-bottom`
2281`margin-left`, `margin-right`, `margin-top`, `margin-bottom`
2282+: sets the corresponding CSS `padding` properties on the `body` element.
2284+To override or extend some [CSS] for just one document, include for example:
2290+ font-style: italic;
2293+ background-color: #f0f0f0;
2296+ padding: 0.5em 2em 0.5em 0.5em;
2299+ border-bottom: none;
2304+[CSS]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS
2306+### Variables for HTML math
2309+: when using [KaTeX](#option--katex), you can render display
2310+math equations flush left using [YAML metadata](#layout) or with
2311+`-M classoption=fleqn`.
2313+### Variables for HTML slides
2315+These affect HTML output when [producing slide shows with pandoc].
2318+: author affiliations: can be a list when there are multiple authors
2321+: base URL for reveal.js documents (defaults to
2322+ `https://unpkg.com/reveal.js@^4/`)
2325+: base URL for S5 documents (defaults to `s5/default`)
2328+: base URL for Slidy documents (defaults to
2329+ `https://www.w3.org/Talks/Tools/Slidy2`)
2332+: base URL for Slideous documents (defaults to `slideous`)
2334+`title-slide-attributes`
2335+: additional attributes for the title slide of reveal.js slide shows.
2336+ See [background in reveal.js and beamer] for an example.
2338+All [reveal.js configuration options] are available as variables.
2339+To turn off boolean flags that default to true in reveal.js, use `0`.
2341+[reveal.js configuration options]: https://revealjs.com/config/
2343+### Variables for Beamer slides
2345+These variables change the appearance of PDF slides using [`beamer`].
2348+: slide aspect ratio (`43` for 4:3 [default], `169` for 16:9,
2349+ `1610` for 16:10, `149` for 14:9, `141` for 1.41:1, `54` for 5:4,
2353+: produce an article from Beamer slides
2356+: add extra beamer option with `\setbeameroption{}`
2359+: author affiliations: can be a list when there are multiple authors
2362+: logo image for slides
2365+: controls navigation symbols (default is `empty` for no navigation
2366+ symbols; other valid values are `frame`, `vertical`, and `horizontal`)
2369+: enables "title pages" for new sections (default is true)
2371+`theme`, `colortheme`, `fonttheme`, `innertheme`, `outertheme`
2375+: options for LaTeX beamer themes (a list).
2378+: image for title slide
2380+### Variables for PowerPoint
2382+These variables control the visual aspects of a slide show that
2383+are not easily controlled via templates.
2386+: font to use for code.
2388+### Variables for LaTeX
2390+Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with a LaTeX engine.
2395+: make `\paragraph` and `\subparagraph` (fourth- and
2396+ fifth-level headings, or fifth- and sixth-level with book
2397+ classes) free-standing rather than run-in; requires further
2398+ formatting to distinguish from `\subsubsection` (third- or
2399+ fourth-level headings). Instead of using this option,
2400+ [KOMA-Script] can adjust headings more extensively:
2403+ documentclass: scrartcl
2405+ \RedeclareSectionCommand[
2406+ beforeskip=-10pt plus -2pt minus -1pt,
2407+ afterskip=1sp plus -1sp minus 1sp,
2408+ font=\normalfont\itshape]{paragraph}
2409+ \RedeclareSectionCommand[
2410+ beforeskip=-10pt plus -2pt minus -1pt,
2411+ afterskip=1sp plus -1sp minus 1sp,
2412+ font=\normalfont\scshape,
2413+ indent=0pt]{subparagraph}
2417+: option for document class, e.g. `oneside`; repeat for multiple options:
2426+: document class: usually one of the standard classes,
2427+ [`article`], [`book`], and [`report`]; the [KOMA-Script]
2428+ equivalents, `scrartcl`, `scrbook`, and `scrreprt`, which
2429+ default to smaller margins; or [`memoir`]
2432+: option for [`geometry`] package, e.g. `margin=1in`;
2433+ repeat for multiple options:
2443+: option for [`hyperref`] package, e.g. `linktoc=all`;
2444+ repeat for multiple options:
2450+ - pdfpagemode=FullScreen
2454+: if true, pandoc will use document class settings for
2455+ indentation (the default LaTeX template otherwise removes
2456+ indentation and adds space between paragraphs)
2459+: adjusts line spacing using the [`setspace`]
2460+ package, e.g. `1.25`, `1.5`
2462+`margin-left`, `margin-right`, `margin-top`, `margin-bottom`
1621−: sets margins, if `layout` is not used (otherwise `layout`
2463+: sets margins if `geometry` is not used (otherwise `geometry`
1622 overrides these)
2464 overrides these)
2467+: control `\pagestyle{}`: the default article class
2468+ supports `plain` (default), `empty` (no running heads or page numbers),
2469+ and `headings` (section titles in running heads)
2472+: paper size, e.g. `letter`, `a4`
2475+: numbering depth for sections (with `--number-sections` option
2476+ or `numbersections` variable)
2481+: allows font encoding to be specified through `fontenc` package (with
2482+ `pdflatex`); default is `T1` (see [LaTeX font encodings guide])
2485+: font package for use with `pdflatex`:
2486+ [TeX Live] includes many options, documented in the [LaTeX Font Catalogue].
2487+ The default is [Latin Modern][`lm`].
2490+: options for package used as `fontfamily`; repeat for multiple options.
2491+ For example, to use the Libertine font with proportional lowercase
2492+ (old-style) figures through the [`libertinus`] package:
2495+ fontfamily: libertinus
1624`fontsize`
2501`fontsize`
1625−: font size for body text (e.g. `10pt`, `12pt`)
2502+: font size for body text. The standard classes allow 10pt, 11pt, and
2503+ 12pt. To use another size, set `documentclass` to one of
2504+ the [KOMA-Script] classes, such as `scrartcl` or `scrbook`.
1627−`mainfont`, `sansfont`, `monofont`, `mathfont`
2506+`mainfont`, `sansfont`, `monofont`, `mathfont`, `CJKmainfont`
2507+: font families for use with `xelatex` or
1628−: font families: take the name of any system font (see [ConTeXt Font Switching])
2508+ `lualatex`: take the name of any system font, using the
2509+ [`fontspec`] package. `CJKmainfont` uses the [`xecjk`] package.
1630−`linkcolor`, `contrastcolor`
2511+`mainfontoptions`, `sansfontoptions`, `monofontoptions`, `mathfontoptions`, `CJKoptions`
1631−: color for links outside and inside a page, e.g. `red`, `blue` (see [ConTeXt Color])
2512+: options to use with `mainfont`, `sansfont`, `monofont`, `mathfont`,
2513+ `CJKmainfont` in `xelatex` and `lualatex`. Allow for any
2514+ choices available through [`fontspec`]; repeat for multiple
2515+ options. For example, to use the [TeX Gyre] version of
2516+ Palatino with lowercase figures:
1633−`linkstyle`
2518+ ---
1634−: typeface style for links, e.g. `normal`, `bold`, `slanted`, `boldslanted`, `type`, `cap`, `small`
2519+ mainfont: TeX Gyre Pagella
2521+ - Numbers=Lowercase
2522+ - Numbers=Proportional
1636−`indenting`
2525+`microtypeoptions`
1637−: controls indentation of paragraphs, e.g. `yes,small,next` (see [ConTeXt Indentation]);
2526+: options to pass to the microtype package
1638− may be repeated for multiple options
1640−`whitespace`
2528+#### Links
1641−: spacing between paragraphs, e.g. `none`, `small` (using [`setupwhitespace`])
2529+
2531+: add color to link text; automatically enabled if any of
2532+ `linkcolor`, `filecolor`, `citecolor`, `urlcolor`, or `toccolor` are set
2534+`linkcolor`, `filecolor`, `citecolor`, `urlcolor`, `toccolor`
2535+: color for internal links, external links, citation links, linked
2536+ URLs, and links in table of contents, respectively: uses options
2537+ allowed by [`xcolor`], including the `dvipsnames`, `svgnames`, and
2541+: causes links to be printed as footnotes
2546+: include list of figures, list of tables
2549+: contents of acknowledgments footnote after document title
2552+: include table of contents (can also be set using
2553+ `--toc/--table-of-contents`)
2556+: level of section to include in table of contents
2558+#### BibLaTeX Bibliographies
2560+These variables function when using BibLaTeX for [citation rendering].
2563+: list of options for biblatex
2566+: bibliography style, when used with `--natbib` and `--biblatex`.
2569+: bibliography title, when used with `--natbib` and `--biblatex`.
2572+: bibliography to use for resolving references
2575+: list of options for natbib
2577+[KOMA-Script]: https://ctan.org/pkg/koma-script
2578+[LaTeX Font Catalogue]: https://tug.org/FontCatalogue/
2579+[LaTeX font encodings guide]: https://ctan.org/pkg/encguide
2580+[TeX Gyre]: http://www.gust.org.pl/projects/e-foundry/tex-gyre
2581+[`article`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/article
2582+[`book`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/book
2583+[`libertinus`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/libertinus
2584+[`memoir`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/memoir
2585+[`report`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/report
2587+### Variables for ConTeXt
2589+Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with ConTeXt.
2592+: font size for body text (e.g. `10pt`, `12pt`)
2594+`headertext`, `footertext`
2595+: text to be placed in running header or footer (see [ConTeXt Headers and
2596+ Footers]); repeat up to four times for different placement
2599+: controls indentation of paragraphs, e.g. `yes,small,next` (see
2600+ [ConTeXt Indentation]); repeat for multiple options
1643`interlinespace`
2602`interlinespace`
1644: adjusts line spacing, e.g. `4ex` (using [`setupinterlinespace`]);
2603: adjusts line spacing, e.g. `4ex` (using [`setupinterlinespace`]);
1645− may be repeated for multiple options
2604+ repeat for multiple options
1647−`headertext`, `footertext`
2606+`layout`
1648−: text to be placed in running header or footer (see [ConTeXt Headers and Footers]);
2607+: options for page margins and text arrangement (see [ConTeXt Layout]);
1649− may be repeated up to four times for different placement
2608+ repeat for multiple options
1651−`pagenumbering`
2610+`linkcolor`, `contrastcolor`
1652−: page number style and location (using [`setuppagenumbering`]);
2611+: color for links outside and inside a page, e.g. `red`, `blue` (see
1653− may be repeated for multiple options
2612+ [ConTeXt Color])
1655−`toc`
2614+`linkstyle`
1656−: include table of contents (can also be set using `--toc/--table-of-contents`)
2615+: typeface style for links, e.g. `normal`, `bold`, `slanted`, `boldslanted`,
2616+ `type`, `cap`, `small`
1658`lof`, `lot`
2618`lof`, `lot`
1659: include list of figures, list of tables
2619: include list of figures, list of tables
2621+`mainfont`, `sansfont`, `monofont`, `mathfont`
2622+: font families: take the name of any system font (see
2623+ [ConTeXt Font Switching])
2625+`margin-left`, `margin-right`, `margin-top`, `margin-bottom`
2626+: sets margins, if `layout` is not used (otherwise `layout`
2630+: page number style and location (using [`setuppagenumbering`]);
2631+ repeat for multiple options
2634+: paper size, e.g. `letter`, `A4`, `landscape` (see [ConTeXt Paper Setup]);
2635+ repeat for multiple options
1662−: adds to the preamble the setup necessary to generate PDF/A-1b:2005.
2638+: adds to the preamble the setup necessary to generate PDF/A
2639+ of the type specified, e.g. `1a:2005`, `2a`. If no type is
2640+ specified (i.e. the value is set to True, by e.g.
2641+ `--metadata=pdfa` or `pdfa: true` in a YAML metadata block),
2642+ `1b:2005` will be used as default, for reasons of backwards
2643+ compatibility. Using `--variable=pdfa` without specified value
1663− To successfully generate PDF/A the required ICC color profiles have to
2644+ is not supported. To successfully generate PDF/A the required
1664− be available and the content and all included files (such as images)
2645+ ICC color profiles have to be available and the content and all
1665− have to be standard conforming. The ICC profiles can be obtained
2646+ included files (such as images) have to be standard conforming.
1666− from [ConTeXt ICC Profiles]. See also [ConTeXt PDFA] for more
2647+ The ICC profiles and output intent may be specified using the
2648+ variables `pdfaiccprofile` and `pdfaintent`. See also [ConTeXt
1667− details.
2649+ PDFA] for more details.
1669−[ConTeXt Paper Setup]: http://wiki.contextgarden.net/PaperSetup
2651+`pdfaiccprofile`
1670−[ConTeXt Layout]: http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Layout
2652+: when used in conjunction with `pdfa`, specifies the ICC profile to use
1671−[ConTeXt Font Switching]: http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Font_Switching
2653+ in the PDF, e.g. `default.cmyk`. If left unspecified, `sRGB.icc` is
1672−[ConTeXt Color]: http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Color
2654+ used as default. May be repeated to include multiple profiles. Note that
1673−[ConTeXt Headers and Footers]: http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Headers_and_Footers
2655+ the profiles have to be available on the system. They can be obtained
1674−[ConTeXt Indentation]: http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Indentation
2656+ from [ConTeXt ICC Profiles].
1675−[ConTeXt ICC Profiles]: http://wiki.contextgarden.net/PDFX#ICC_profiles
2657+
1676−[ConTeXt PDFA]: http://wiki.contextgarden.net/PDF/A
2658+`pdfaintent`
1677−[`setupwhitespace`]: http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Command/setupwhitespace
2659+: when used in conjunction with `pdfa`, specifies the output intent for
1678−[`setupinterlinespace`]: http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Command/setupinterlinespace
2660+ the colors, e.g. `ISO coated v2 300\letterpercent\space (ECI)`
1679−[`setuppagenumbering`]: http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Command/setuppagenumbering
2661+ If left unspecified, `sRGB IEC61966-2.1` is used as default.
1681−Variables for man pages
1682−-----------------------
1685−: section number in man pages
2664+: include table of contents (can also be set using
2665+ `--toc/--table-of-contents`)
1687−`header`
2667+`whitespace`
1688−: header in man pages
2668+: spacing between paragraphs, e.g. `none`, `small` (using
2669+ [`setupwhitespace`])
1690−`footer`
2671+`includesource`
2672+: include all source documents as file attachments in the PDF file
2674+[ConTeXt Paper Setup]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/PaperSetup
2675+[ConTeXt Layout]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Layout
2676+[ConTeXt Font Switching]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Font_Switching
2677+[ConTeXt Color]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Color
2678+[ConTeXt Headers and Footers]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Headers_and_Footers
2679+[ConTeXt Indentation]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Indentation
2680+[ConTeXt ICC Profiles]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/PDFX#ICC_profiles
2681+[ConTeXt PDFA]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/PDF/A
2682+[`setupwhitespace`]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Command/setupwhitespace
2683+[`setupinterlinespace`]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Command/setupinterlinespace
2684+[`setuppagenumbering`]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Command/setuppagenumbering
2686+### Variables for `wkhtmltopdf`
2688+Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with [`wkhtmltopdf`].
2689+The `--css` option also affects the output.
2691+`footer-html`, `header-html`
2692+: add information to the header and footer
2694+`margin-left`, `margin-right`, `margin-top`, `margin-bottom`
2695+: set the page margins
2698+: sets the PDF paper size
1691−: footer in man pages
2700+### Variables for man pages
1693`adjusting`
2702`adjusting`
1694: adjusts text to left (`l`), right (`r`), center (`c`),
2703: adjusts text to left (`l`), right (`r`), center (`c`),
1695 or both (`b`) margins
2704 or both (`b`) margins
2707+: footer in man pages
2710+: header in man pages
1697`hyphenate`
2712`hyphenate`
1698: if `true` (the default), hyphenation will be used
2713: if `true` (the default), hyphenation will be used
1700−Variables for ms
2715+`section`
1701−----------------
2716+: section number in man pages
1704−: point size (e.g. `10p`)
1706−`lineheight`
2718+### Variables for ms
1707−: line height (e.g. `12p`)
1709`fontfamily`
2720`fontfamily`
1710: font family (e.g. `T` or `P`)
2721: font family (e.g. `T` or `P`)
@@ -1712,75 +2723,81 @@ Variables for ms
1713: paragraph indent (e.g. `2m`)
2724: paragraph indent (e.g. `2m`)
1715−Using variables in templates
2726+`lineheight`
1716−----------------------------
2727+: line height (e.g. `12p`)
1718−Variable names are sequences of alphanumerics, `-`, and `_`,
2729+`pointsize`
1719−starting with a letter. A variable name surrounded by `$` signs
2730+: point size (e.g. `10p`)
1720−will be replaced by its value. For example, the string `$title$` in
1722− <title>$title$</title>
2732+### Variables set automatically
1724−will be replaced by the document title.
2734+Pandoc sets these variables automatically in response to [options] or
2735+document contents; users can also modify them. These vary depending
2736+on the output format, and include the following:
1726−To write a literal `$` in a template, use `$$`.
2738+`body`
1728−Templates may contain conditionals. The syntax is as follows:
2741+`date-meta`
2742+: the `date` variable converted to ISO 8601 YYYY-MM-DD,
2743+ included in all HTML based formats (dzslides, epub,
2744+ html, html4, html5, revealjs, s5, slideous, slidy).
2745+ The recognized formats for `date` are: `mm/dd/yyyy`,
2746+ `mm/dd/yy`, `yyyy-mm-dd` (ISO 8601), `dd MM yyyy`
2747+ (e.g. either `02 Apr 2018` or `02 April 2018`),
2748+ `MM dd, yyyy` (e.g. `Apr. 02, 2018` or `April 02, 2018),
2749+ `yyyy[mm[dd]]]` (e.g. `20180402, `201804` or `2018`).
1730− $if(variable)$
2751+`header-includes`
1731− X
2752+: contents specified by `-H/--include-in-header` (may have multiple
1732− $else$
2753+ values)
1736−This will include `X` in the template if `variable` has a truthy
2755+`include-before`
1737−value; otherwise it will include `Y`. Here a truthy value is any
2756+: contents specified by `-B/--include-before-body` (may have
1738−of the following:
2757+ multiple values)
1740−- a string that is not entirely white space,
2759+`include-after`
1741−- a non-empty array where the first value is truthy,
2760+: contents specified by `-A/--include-after-body` (may have
1742−- any number (including zero),
2761+ multiple values)
1744−- the boolean `true` (to specify the boolean `true`
1745− value using YAML metadata or the `--metadata` flag,
1746− use `true`, `True`, or `TRUE`; with the `--variable`
1747− flag, simply omit a value for the variable, e.g.
1748− `--variable draft`).
1750−`X` and `Y` are placeholders for any valid template text,
2763+`meta-json`
1751−and may include interpolated variables or other conditionals.
2764+: JSON representation of all of the document's metadata. Field
1752−The `$else$` section may be omitted.
2765+ values are transformed to the selected output format.
1754−When variables can have multiple values (for example, `author` in
2767+`numbersections`
1755−a multi-author document), you can use the `$for$` keyword:
2768+: non-null value if `-N/--number-sections` was specified
1757− $for(author)$
2770+`sourcefile`, `outputfile`
1758− <meta name="author" content="$author$" />
2771+: source and destination filenames, as given on the command line.
1759− $endfor$
2772+ `sourcefile` can also be a list if input comes from multiple files,
2773+ or empty if input is from stdin. You can use the following snippet in
2774+ your template to distinguish them:
1761−You can optionally specify a separator to be used between
2776+ $if(sourcefile)$
1762−consecutive items:
2777+ $for(sourcefile)$
1764− $for(author)$$author$$sep$, $endfor$
2784+ Similarly, `outputfile` can be `-` if output goes to the terminal.
1766−A dot can be used to select a field of a variable that takes
2786+ If you need absolute paths, use e.g. `$curdir$/$sourcefile$`.
1767−an object as its value. So, for example:
1769− $author.name$ ($author.affiliation$)
2788+`curdir`
2789+: working directory from which pandoc is run.
1771−If you use custom templates, you may need to revise them as pandoc
2791+`toc`
1772−changes. We recommend tracking the changes in the default templates,
2792+: non-null value if `--toc/--table-of-contents` was specified
1773−and modifying your custom templates accordingly. An easy way to do this
1774−is to fork the [pandoc-templates] repository and merge in changes after each
1777−Templates may contain comments: anything on a line after `$--`
2794+`toc-title`
1778−will be treated as a comment and ignored.
2795+: title of table of contents (works only with EPUB,
2796+ HTML, opendocument, odt, docx, pptx, beamer, LaTeX)
1780[pandoc-templates]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc-templates
2798[pandoc-templates]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc-templates
1782−Extensions
2800+# Extensions
1785The behavior of some of the readers and writers can be adjusted by
2802The behavior of some of the readers and writers can be adjusted by
1786enabling or disabling various extensions.
2803enabling or disabling various extensions.
@@ -1797,8 +2814,11 @@ section [Pandoc's Markdown] below (See [Markdown variants] for
1797`commonmark` and `gfm`.) In the following, extensions that also work
2814`commonmark` and `gfm`.) In the following, extensions that also work
1798for other formats are covered.
2815for other formats are covered.
2817+Note that markdown extensions added to the `ipynb` format
2818+affect Markdown cells in Jupyter notebooks (as do command-line
2819+options like `--atx-headers`).
1800−Typography
2821+## Typography
1803#### Extension: `smart` ####
2823#### Extension: `smart` ####
@@ -1830,13 +2850,12 @@ literally. In writing LaTeX, enabling `smart` tells pandoc
1830to use the ligatures when possible; if `smart` is disabled
2850to use the ligatures when possible; if `smart` is disabled
1831pandoc will use unicode quotation mark and dash characters.
2851pandoc will use unicode quotation mark and dash characters.
1833−Headers and sections
2853+## Headings and sections
1834−--------------------
1836#### Extension: `auto_identifiers` ####
2855#### Extension: `auto_identifiers` ####
1838−A header without an explicitly specified identifier will be
2857+A heading without an explicitly specified identifier will be
1839−automatically assigned a unique identifier based on the header text.
2858+automatically assigned a unique identifier based on the heading text.
1841This extension can be enabled/disabled for the following formats:
2860This extension can be enabled/disabled for the following formats:
@@ -1849,11 +2868,13 @@ output formats
1849enabled by default in
2868enabled by default in
1850: `markdown`, `muse`
2869: `markdown`, `muse`
1852−The algorithm used to derive the identifier from the header text is:
2871+The default algorithm used to derive the identifier from the
1854 - Remove all formatting, links, etc.
2874 - Remove all formatting, links, etc.
1855 - Remove all footnotes.
2875 - Remove all footnotes.
2876+ - Remove all non-alphanumeric characters,
1856− - Remove all punctuation, except underscores, hyphens, and periods.
2877+ except underscores, hyphens, and periods.
1857 - Replace all spaces and newlines with hyphens.
2878 - Replace all spaces and newlines with hyphens.
1858 - Convert all alphabetic characters to lowercase.
2879 - Convert all alphabetic characters to lowercase.
1859 - Remove everything up to the first letter (identifiers may
2880 - Remove everything up to the first letter (identifiers may
@@ -1862,27 +2883,31 @@ The algorithm used to derive the identifier from the header text is:
1863Thus, for example,
2884Thus, for example,
1865− Header Identifier
2886+ Heading Identifier
1866 ------------------------------- ----------------------------
2887 ------------------------------- ----------------------------
1867− `Header identifiers in HTML` `header-identifiers-in-html`
2888+ `Heading identifiers in HTML` `heading-identifiers-in-html`
2889+ `Maître d'hôtel` `maître-dhôtel`
1868 `*Dogs*?--in *my* house?` `dogs--in-my-house`
2890 `*Dogs*?--in *my* house?` `dogs--in-my-house`
1869 `[HTML], [S5], or [RTF]?` `html-s5-or-rtf`
2891 `[HTML], [S5], or [RTF]?` `html-s5-or-rtf`
1870 `3. Applications` `applications`
2892 `3. Applications` `applications`
1871 `33` `section`
2893 `33` `section`
1873These rules should, in most cases, allow one to determine the identifier
2895These rules should, in most cases, allow one to determine the identifier
1874−from the header text. The exception is when several headers have the
2896+from the heading text. The exception is when several headings have the
1875same text; in this case, the first will get an identifier as described
2897same text; in this case, the first will get an identifier as described
1876above; the second will get the same identifier with `-1` appended; the
2898above; the second will get the same identifier with `-1` appended; the
1877third with `-2`; and so on.
2899third with `-2`; and so on.
2901+(However, a different algorithm is used if
2902+`gfm_auto_identifiers` is enabled; see below.)
1879These identifiers are used to provide link targets in the table of
2904These identifiers are used to provide link targets in the table of
1880contents generated by the `--toc|--table-of-contents` option. They
2905contents generated by the `--toc|--table-of-contents` option. They
1881also make it easy to provide links from one section of a document to
2906also make it easy to provide links from one section of a document to
1882another. A link to this section, for example, might look like this:
2907another. A link to this section, for example, might look like this:
1884 See the section on
2909 See the section on
1885− [header identifiers](#header-identifiers-in-html-latex-and-context).
2910+ [heading identifiers](#heading-identifiers-in-html-latex-and-context).
1887Note, however, that this method of providing links to sections works
2912Note, however, that this method of providing links to sections works
1888only in HTML, LaTeX, and ConTeXt formats.
2913only in HTML, LaTeX, and ConTeXt formats.
@@ -1890,7 +2915,7 @@ only in HTML, LaTeX, and ConTeXt formats.
1890If the `--section-divs` option is specified, then each section will
2915If the `--section-divs` option is specified, then each section will
1891be wrapped in a `section` (or a `div`, if `html4` was specified),
2916be wrapped in a `section` (or a `div`, if `html4` was specified),
1892and the identifier will be attached to the enclosing `<section>`
2917and the identifier will be attached to the enclosing `<section>`
1893−(or `<div>`) tag rather than the header itself. This allows entire
2918+(or `<div>`) tag rather than the heading itself. This allows entire
1894sections to be manipulated using JavaScript or treated differently in
2919sections to be manipulated using JavaScript or treated differently in
@@ -1900,8 +2925,15 @@ Causes the identifiers produced by `auto_identifiers` to be pure ASCII.
1900Accents are stripped off of accented Latin letters, and non-Latin
2925Accents are stripped off of accented Latin letters, and non-Latin
1901letters are omitted.
2926letters are omitted.
2928+#### Extension: `gfm_auto_identifiers` ####
2930+Changes the algorithm used by `auto_identifiers` to conform to
2931+GitHub's method. Spaces are converted to dashes (`-`),
2932+uppercase characters to lowercase characters, and punctuation
2933+characters other than `-` and `_` are removed.
2934+Emojis are replaced by their names.
1903−Math Input
2936+## Math Input
1906The extensions [`tex_math_dollars`](#extension-tex_math_dollars),
2938The extensions [`tex_math_dollars`](#extension-tex_math_dollars),
1907[`tex_math_single_backslash`](#extension-tex_math_single_backslash), and
2939[`tex_math_single_backslash`](#extension-tex_math_single_backslash), and
@@ -1911,51 +2943,47 @@ are described in the section about Pandoc's Markdown.
1911However, they can also be used with HTML input. This is handy for
2943However, they can also be used with HTML input. This is handy for
1912reading web pages formatted using MathJax, for example.
2944reading web pages formatted using MathJax, for example.
1914−Raw HTML/TeX
2946+## Raw HTML/TeX
1917−The following extensions (especially how they affect Markdown
1918−input/output) are also described in more detail in their respective
1919−sections of [Pandoc's Markdown].
1921−#### [Extension: `raw_html`] {#raw_html}
1923−When converting from HTML, parse elements to raw HTML which are not
2948+The following extensions are described in more detail in
1924−representable in pandoc's AST.
2949+their respective sections of [Pandoc's Markdown]:
1925−By default, this is disabled for HTML input.
1927−#### [Extension: `raw_tex`] {#raw_tex}
2951+- [`raw_html`](#extension-raw_html) allows HTML elements which
2952+ are not representable in pandoc's AST to be parsed as raw HTML.
2953+ By default, this is disabled for HTML input.
2955+- [`raw_tex`](#extension-raw_tex) allows raw LaTeX, TeX, and ConTeXt
1929−Allows raw LaTeX, TeX, and ConTeXt to be included in a document.
2956+ to be included in a document. This extension can be enabled/disabled
2957+ for the following formats (in addition to `markdown`):
1931−This extension can be enabled/disabled for the following formats
2959+ input formats
1932−(in addition to `markdown`):
2960+ : `latex`, `textile`, `html` (environments, `\ref`, and
2961+ `\eqref` only), `ipynb`
1935−: `latex`, `org`, `textile`, `html` (environments, `\ref`, and
1938−output formats
2963+ output formats
1939−: `textile`, `commonmark`
2964+ : `textile`, `commonmark`
1941−#### [Extension: `native_divs`] {#native_divs}
1943−This extension is enabled by default for HTML input. This means that
1944−`div`s are parsed to pandoc native elements. (Alternatively, you
1945−can parse them to raw HTML using `-f html-native_divs+raw_html`.)
1947−When converting HTML to Markdown, for example, you may want to drop all
1950− pandoc -f html-native_divs-native_spans -t markdown
1952−#### [Extension: `native_spans`] {#native_spans}
2966+ Note: as applied to `ipynb`, `raw_html` and `raw_tex` affect not
2967+ only raw TeX in markdown cells, but data with mime type
2968+ `text/html` in output cells. Since the `ipynb` reader attempts
2969+ to preserve the richest possible outputs when several options
2970+ are given, you will get best results if you disable `raw_html`
2971+ and `raw_tex` when converting to formats like `docx` which don't
2972+ allow raw `html` or `tex`.
2974+- [`native_divs`](#extension-native_divs) causes HTML `div`
2975+ elements to be parsed as native pandoc Div blocks.
2976+ If you want them to be parsed as raw HTML, use
1954−Analogous to `native_divs` above.
2977+ `-f html-native_divs+raw_html`.
2979+- [`native_spans`](#extension-native_spans) causes HTML `span`
2980+ elements to be parsed as native pandoc Span inlines.
2981+ If you want them to be parsed as raw HTML, use
2982+ `-f html-native_spans+raw_html`. If you want to drop all
2983+ `div`s and `span`s when converting HTML to Markdown, you
2984+ can use `pandoc -f html-native_divs-native_spans -t markdown`.
1957−Literate Haskell support
2986+## Literate Haskell support
1958−------------------------
1960#### Extension: `literate_haskell` ####
2988#### Extension: `literate_haskell` ####
@@ -1976,12 +3004,12 @@ This means that
1976 - In Markdown input, "bird track" sections will be parsed as Haskell
3004 - In Markdown input, "bird track" sections will be parsed as Haskell
1977 code rather than block quotations. Text between `\begin{code}`
3005 code rather than block quotations. Text between `\begin{code}`
1978 and `\end{code}` will also be treated as Haskell code. For
3006 and `\end{code}` will also be treated as Haskell code. For
1979− ATX-style headers the character '=' will be used instead of '#'.
3007+ ATX-style headings the character '=' will be used instead of '#'.
1981 - In Markdown output, code blocks with classes `haskell` and `literate`
3009 - In Markdown output, code blocks with classes `haskell` and `literate`
1982 will be rendered using bird tracks, and block quotations will be
3010 will be rendered using bird tracks, and block quotations will be
1983 indented one space, so they will not be treated as Haskell code.
3011 indented one space, so they will not be treated as Haskell code.
1984− In addition, headers will be rendered setext-style (with underlines)
3012+ In addition, headings will be rendered setext-style (with underlines)
1985 rather than ATX-style (with '#' characters). (This is because ghc
3013 rather than ATX-style (with '#' characters). (This is because ghc
1986 treats '#' characters in column 1 as introducing line numbers.)
3014 treats '#' characters in column 1 as introducing line numbers.)
@@ -2016,8 +3044,7 @@ Note that GHC expects the bird tracks in the first column, so indented
2016literate code blocks (e.g. inside an itemized environment) will not be
3044literate code blocks (e.g. inside an itemized environment) will not be
2017picked up by the Haskell compiler.
3045picked up by the Haskell compiler.
2019−Other extensions
3047+## Other extensions
2022#### Extension: `empty_paragraphs` ####
3049#### Extension: `empty_paragraphs` ####
@@ -2032,12 +3059,60 @@ input formats
2032output formats
3059output formats
2033: `docx`, `odt`, `opendocument`, `html`
3060: `docx`, `odt`, `opendocument`, `html`
3062+#### Extension: `native_numbering` ####
3064+Enables native numbering of figures and tables. Enumeration
3067+This extension can be enabled/disabled for the following formats:
3070+: `odt`, `opendocument`
3072+#### Extension: `xrefs_name` ####
3074+Links to headings, figures and tables inside the document are
3075+substituted with cross-references that will use the name or caption
3076+of the referenced item. The original link text is replaced once
3077+the generated document is refreshed. This extension can be combined
3078+with `xrefs_number` in which case numbers will appear before the
3081+Text in cross-references is only made consistent with the referenced
3082+item once the document has been refreshed.
3084+This extension can be enabled/disabled for the following formats:
3087+: `odt`, `opendocument`
3089+#### Extension: `xrefs_number` ####
3091+Links to headings, figures and tables inside the document are
3092+substituted with cross-references that will use the number
3093+of the referenced item. The original link text is discarded.
3094+This extension can be combined with `xrefs_name` in which case
3095+the name or caption numbers will appear after the number.
3097+For the `xrefs_number` to be useful heading numbers must be enabled
3098+in the generated document, also table and figure captions must be enabled
3099+using for example the `native_numbering` extension.
3101+Numbers in cross-references are only visible in the final document once
3102+it has been refreshed.
3104+This extension can be enabled/disabled for the following formats:
3107+: `odt`, `opendocument`
2035#### Extension: `styles` #### {#ext-styles}
3109#### Extension: `styles` #### {#ext-styles}
3111+When converting from docx, read all docx styles as divs (for
2037−Read all docx styles as divs (for paragraph styles) and spans (for
3112+paragraph styles) and spans (for character styles) regardless
2038−character styles) regardless of whether pandoc understands the meaning
3113+of whether pandoc understands the meaning of these styles.
2039−of these styles. This can be used with [docx custom
3114+This can be used with [docx custom styles](#custom-styles).
2040−styles](#custom-styles-in-docx). Disabled by default.
3115+Disabled by default.
2042input formats
3117input formats
@@ -2047,22 +3122,36 @@ input formats
2047In the `muse` input format, this enables Text::Amuse
3122In the `muse` input format, this enables Text::Amuse
2048extensions to Emacs Muse markup.
3123extensions to Emacs Muse markup.
3125+#### Extension: `raw_markdown` ####
3127+In the `ipynb` input format, this causes Markdown cells
3128+to be included as raw Markdown blocks (allowing lossless
3129+round-tripping) rather than being parsed. Use this only
3130+when you are targeting `ipynb` or a markdown-based
2050#### Extension: `citations` {#org-citations}
3133#### Extension: `citations` {#org-citations}
2052−Some aspects of [Pandoc's Markdown citation syntax](#citations) are also accepted
3135+Some aspects of [Pandoc's Markdown citation syntax](#citations)
2053−in `org` input.
3136+are also accepted in `org` input.
3138+#### Extension: `element_citations` ####
3140+In the `jats` output formats, this causes reference items to
3141+be replaced with `<element-citation>` elements. These
3142+elements are not influenced by CSL styles, but all information
3143+on the item is included in tags.
2055#### Extension: `ntb` ####
3145#### Extension: `ntb` ####
2057In the `context` output format this enables the use of [Natural Tables
3147In the `context` output format this enables the use of [Natural Tables
2058−(TABLE)](http://wiki.contextgarden.net/TABLE) instead of the default
3148+(TABLE)](https://wiki.contextgarden.net/TABLE) instead of the default
2059−[Extreme Tables (xtables)](http://wiki.contextgarden.net/xtables).
3149+[Extreme Tables (xtables)](https://wiki.contextgarden.net/xtables).
2060Natural tables allow more fine-grained global customization but come
3150Natural tables allow more fine-grained global customization but come
2061at a performance penalty compared to extreme tables.
3151at a performance penalty compared to extreme tables.
2064−Pandoc's Markdown
3154+# Pandoc's Markdown
2067Pandoc understands an extended and slightly revised version of
3156Pandoc understands an extended and slightly revised version of
2068John Gruber's [Markdown] syntax. This document explains the syntax,
3157John Gruber's [Markdown] syntax. This document explains the syntax,
@@ -2072,8 +3161,7 @@ of `markdown`. Extensions can be enabled or disabled to specify the
2072behavior more granularly. They are described in the following. See also
3161behavior more granularly. They are described in the following. See also
2073[Extensions] above, for extensions that work also on other formats.
3162[Extensions] above, for extensions that work also on other formats.
2075−Philosophy
3164+## Philosophy
2078Markdown is designed to be easy to write, and, even more importantly,
3166Markdown is designed to be easy to write, and, even more importantly,
2079easy to read:
3167easy to read:
@@ -2081,7 +3169,7 @@ easy to read:
2081> A Markdown-formatted document should be publishable as-is, as plain
3169> A Markdown-formatted document should be publishable as-is, as plain
2082> text, without looking like it's been marked up with tags or formatting
3170> text, without looking like it's been marked up with tags or formatting
2083> instructions.
3171> instructions.
2084−> -- [John Gruber](http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax#philosophy)
3172+> -- [John Gruber](https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax#philosophy)
2086This principle has guided pandoc's decisions in finding syntax for
3174This principle has guided pandoc's decisions in finding syntax for
2087tables, footnotes, and other extensions.
3175tables, footnotes, and other extensions.
@@ -2094,8 +3182,7 @@ it discourages it, and provides other, non-HTMLish ways of representing
2094important document elements like definition lists, tables, mathematics, and
3182important document elements like definition lists, tables, mathematics, and
2095footnotes.
3183footnotes.
2097−Paragraphs
3185+## Paragraphs
2100A paragraph is one or more lines of text followed by one or more blank lines.
3187A paragraph is one or more lines of text followed by one or more blank lines.
2101Newlines are treated as spaces, so you can reflow your paragraphs as you like.
3188Newlines are treated as spaces, so you can reflow your paragraphs as you like.
@@ -2108,43 +3195,42 @@ Note: in multiline and grid table cells, this is the only way
2108to create a hard line break, since trailing spaces in the cells
3195to create a hard line break, since trailing spaces in the cells
2109are ignored.
3196are ignored.
2111−Headers
3198+## Headings
2114−There are two kinds of headers: Setext and ATX.
3200+There are two kinds of headings: Setext and ATX.
2116−### Setext-style headers ###
3202+### Setext-style headings ###
2118−A setext-style header is a line of text "underlined" with a row of `=` signs
3204+A setext-style heading is a line of text "underlined" with a row of `=` signs
2119−(for a level one header) or `-` signs (for a level two header):
3205+(for a level-one heading) or `-` signs (for a level-two heading):
2121− A level-one header
3207+ A level-one heading
2122− ==================
3208+ ===================
2124− A level-two header
3210+ A level-two heading
2125− ------------------
3211+ -------------------
2127−The header text can contain inline formatting, such as emphasis (see
3213+The heading text can contain inline formatting, such as emphasis (see
2128[Inline formatting], below).
3214[Inline formatting], below).
2131−### ATX-style headers ###
3217+### ATX-style headings ###
2133−An ATX-style header consists of one to six `#` signs and a line of
3219+An ATX-style heading consists of one to six `#` signs and a line of
2134text, optionally followed by any number of `#` signs. The number of
3220text, optionally followed by any number of `#` signs. The number of
2135−`#` signs at the beginning of the line is the header level:
3221+`#` signs at the beginning of the line is the heading level:
2137− ## A level-two header
3223+ ## A level-two heading
2139− ### A level-three header ###
3225+ ### A level-three heading ###
2141−As with setext-style headers, the header text can contain formatting:
3227+As with setext-style headings, the heading text can contain formatting:
2143− # A level-one header with a [link](/url) and *emphasis*
3229+ # A level-one heading with a [link](/url) and *emphasis*
2145#### Extension: `blank_before_header` ####
3231#### Extension: `blank_before_header` ####
2147−Standard Markdown syntax does not require a blank line before a header.
3233+Standard Markdown syntax does not require a blank line before a heading.
2148Pandoc does require this (except, of course, at the beginning of the
3234Pandoc does require this (except, of course, at the beginning of the
2149document). The reason for the requirement is that it is all too easy for a
3235document). The reason for the requirement is that it is all too easy for a
2150`#` to end up at the beginning of a line by accident (perhaps through line
3236`#` to end up at the beginning of a line by accident (perhaps through line
@@ -2156,29 +3242,30 @@ wrapping). Consider, for example:
2156#### Extension: `space_in_atx_header` ####
3242#### Extension: `space_in_atx_header` ####
2158Many Markdown implementations do not require a space between the
3244Many Markdown implementations do not require a space between the
2159−opening `#`s of an ATX header and the header text, so that
3245+opening `#`s of an ATX heading and the heading text, so that
2160−`#5 bolt` and `#hashtag` count as headers. With this extension,
3246+`#5 bolt` and `#hashtag` count as headings. With this extension,
2161pandoc does require the space.
3247pandoc does require the space.
2163−### Header identifiers ###
3249+### Heading identifiers ###
3251+See also the [`auto_identifiers`
2165−See also the [`auto_identifiers` extension](#extension-auto_identifiers) above.
3252+extension](#extension-auto_identifiers) above.
2167#### Extension: `header_attributes` ####
3254#### Extension: `header_attributes` ####
2169−Headers can be assigned attributes using this syntax at the end
3256+Headings can be assigned attributes using this syntax at the end
2170−of the line containing the header text:
3257+of the line containing the heading text:
2172 {#identifier .class .class key=value key=value}
3259 {#identifier .class .class key=value key=value}
2174−Thus, for example, the following headers will all be assigned the identifier
3261+Thus, for example, the following headings will all be assigned the identifier
2177− # My header {#foo}
3264+ # My heading {#foo}
2179− ## My header ## {#foo}
3266+ ## My heading ## {#foo}
2181− My other header {#foo}
3268+ My other heading {#foo}
2182 ---------------
3269 ---------------
2184(This syntax is compatible with [PHP Markdown Extra].)
3271(This syntax is compatible with [PHP Markdown Extra].)
@@ -2187,51 +3274,56 @@ Note that although this syntax allows assignment of classes and key/value
2187attributes, writers generally don't use all of this information. Identifiers,
3274attributes, writers generally don't use all of this information. Identifiers,
2188classes, and key/value attributes are used in HTML and HTML-based formats such
3275classes, and key/value attributes are used in HTML and HTML-based formats such
2189as EPUB and slidy. Identifiers are used for labels and link anchors in the
3276as EPUB and slidy. Identifiers are used for labels and link anchors in the
2190−LaTeX, ConTeXt, Textile, and AsciiDoc writers.
3277+LaTeX, ConTeXt, Textile, Jira markup, and AsciiDoc writers.
2192−Headers with the class `unnumbered` will not be numbered, even if
3279+Headings with the class `unnumbered` will not be numbered, even if
2193`--number-sections` is specified. A single hyphen (`-`) in an attribute
3280`--number-sections` is specified. A single hyphen (`-`) in an attribute
2194context is equivalent to `.unnumbered`, and preferable in non-English
3281context is equivalent to `.unnumbered`, and preferable in non-English
2195documents. So,
3282documents. So,
2197− # My header {-}
3284+ # My heading {-}
2199is just the same as
3286is just the same as
2201− # My header {.unnumbered}
3288+ # My heading {.unnumbered}
3290+If the `unlisted` class is present in addition to `unnumbered`,
3291+the heading will not be included in a table of contents.
3292+(Currently this feature is only implemented for certain
3293+formats: those based on LaTeX and HTML, PowerPoint, and RTF.)
2203#### Extension: `implicit_header_references` ####
3295#### Extension: `implicit_header_references` ####
2205−Pandoc behaves as if reference links have been defined for each header.
3297+Pandoc behaves as if reference links have been defined for each heading.
2206−So, to link to a header
3298+So, to link to a heading
2208− # Header identifiers in HTML
3300+ # Heading identifiers in HTML
2210you can simply write
3302you can simply write
2212− [Header identifiers in HTML]
3304+ [Heading identifiers in HTML]
2216− [Header identifiers in HTML][]
3308+ [Heading identifiers in HTML][]
2220− [the section on header identifiers][header identifiers in
3312+ [the section on heading identifiers][heading identifiers in
2223instead of giving the identifier explicitly:
3315instead of giving the identifier explicitly:
2225− [Header identifiers in HTML](#header-identifiers-in-html)
3317+ [Heading identifiers in HTML](#heading-identifiers-in-html)
2227−If there are multiple headers with identical text, the corresponding
3319+If there are multiple headings with identical text, the corresponding
2228reference will link to the first one only, and you will need to use explicit
3320reference will link to the first one only, and you will need to use explicit
2229links to link to the others, as described above.
3321links to link to the others, as described above.
2231Like regular reference links, these references are case-insensitive.
3323Like regular reference links, these references are case-insensitive.
2233Explicit link reference definitions always take priority over
3325Explicit link reference definitions always take priority over
2234−implicit header references. So, in the following example, the
3326+implicit heading references. So, in the following example, the
2235link will point to `bar`, not to `#foo`:
3327link will point to `bar`, not to `#foo`:
@@ -2240,12 +3332,11 @@ link will point to `bar`, not to `#foo`:
2241 See [foo]
3333 See [foo]
2243−Block quotations
3335+## Block quotations
2246Markdown uses email conventions for quoting blocks of text.
3337Markdown uses email conventions for quoting blocks of text.
2247A block quotation is one or more paragraphs or other block elements
3338A block quotation is one or more paragraphs or other block elements
2248−(such as lists or headers), with each line preceded by a `>` character
3339+(such as lists or headings), with each line preceded by a `>` character
2249and an optional space. (The `>` need not start at the left margin, but
3340and an optional space. (The `>` need not start at the left margin, but
2250it should not be indented more than three spaces.)
3341it should not be indented more than three spaces.)
@@ -2280,19 +3371,19 @@ block in a block quote, you need five spaces after the `>`:
2281#### Extension: `blank_before_blockquote` ####
3372#### Extension: `blank_before_blockquote` ####
2283−Standard Markdown syntax does not require a blank line before a block
3374+Standard Markdown syntax does not require a blank line before a
2284−quote. Pandoc does require this (except, of course, at the beginning of the
3375+block quote. Pandoc does require this (except, of course, at
2285−document). The reason for the requirement is that it is all too easy for a
3376+the beginning of the document). The reason for the requirement
3377+is that it is all too easy for a `>` to end up at the beginning
2286−`>` to end up at the beginning of a line by accident (perhaps through line
3378+of a line by accident (perhaps through line wrapping). So,
2287−wrapping). So, unless the `markdown_strict` format is used, the following does
3379+unless the `markdown_strict` format is used, the following does
2288not produce a nested block quote in pandoc:
3380not produce a nested block quote in pandoc:
2290 > This is a block quote.
3382 > This is a block quote.
2291 >> Nested.
3383 >> Nested.
2294−Verbatim (code) blocks
3386+## Verbatim (code) blocks
2295−----------------------
2297### Indented code blocks ###
3388### Indented code blocks ###
@@ -2354,14 +3445,16 @@ this syntax:
2354 qsort (filter (>= x) xs)
3445 qsort (filter (>= x) xs)
2355 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3446 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2357−Here `mycode` is an identifier, `haskell` and `numberLines` are classes, and
3448+Here `mycode` is an identifier, `haskell` and `numberLines` are
2358−`startFrom` is an attribute with value `100`. Some output formats can use this
3449+classes, and `startFrom` is an attribute with value `100`. Some
3450+output formats can use this information to do syntax
2359−information to do syntax highlighting. Currently, the only output formats
3451+highlighting. Currently, the only output formats that uses this
2360−that uses this information are HTML, LaTeX, Docx, Ms, and PowerPoint. If
3452+information are HTML, LaTeX, Docx, Ms, and PowerPoint. If
2361−highlighting is supported for your output format and language, then the code
3453+highlighting is supported for your output format and language,
2362−block above will appear highlighted, with numbered lines. (To see which
3454+then the code block above will appear highlighted, with numbered
2363−languages are supported, type `pandoc --list-highlight-languages`.) Otherwise,
3455+lines. (To see which languages are supported, type `pandoc
3456+--list-highlight-languages`.) Otherwise, the code block above
2364−the code block above will appear as follows:
3457+will appear as follows:
2366 <pre id="mycode" class="haskell numberLines" startFrom="100">
3459 <pre id="mycode" class="haskell numberLines" startFrom="100">
@@ -2398,8 +3491,7 @@ To set the highlighting style, use `--highlight-style`.
2398For more information on highlighting, see [Syntax highlighting],
3491For more information on highlighting, see [Syntax highlighting],
2401−Line blocks
3494+## Line blocks
2404#### Extension: `line_blocks` ####
3496#### Extension: `line_blocks` ####
@@ -2425,10 +3517,12 @@ line must begin with a space.
2425 | 200 Main St.
3517 | 200 Main St.
2426 | Berkeley, CA 94718
3518 | Berkeley, CA 94718
3520+Inline formatting (such as emphasis) is allowed in the content,
3521+but not block-level formatting (such as block quotes or lists).
2428This syntax is borrowed from [reStructuredText].
3523This syntax is borrowed from [reStructuredText].
2433### Bullet lists ###
3527### Bullet lists ###
@@ -2598,6 +3692,12 @@ If default list markers are desired, use `#.`:
2599 #. three
3693 #. three
3695+#### Extension: `task_lists` ####
3697+Pandoc supports task lists, using the syntax of GitHub-Flavored Markdown.
3699+ - [ ] an unchecked task list item
2602### Definition lists ###
3702### Definition lists ###
@@ -2623,11 +3723,12 @@ a blank line, and must be followed by one or more definitions.
2623A definition begins with a colon or tilde, which may be indented one
3723A definition begins with a colon or tilde, which may be indented one
2624or two spaces.
3724or two spaces.
2626−A term may have multiple definitions, and each definition may consist of one or
3726+A term may have multiple definitions, and each definition may
2627−more block elements (paragraph, code block, list, etc.), each indented four
3727+consist of one or more block elements (paragraph, code block,
3728+list, etc.), each indented four spaces or one tab stop. The
2628−spaces or one tab stop. The body of the definition (including the first line,
3729+body of the definition (including the first line, aside from the
2629−aside from the colon or tilde) should be indented four spaces. However,
3730+colon or tilde) should be indented four spaces. However, as with
2630−as with other Markdown lists, you can "lazily" omit indentation except
3731+other Markdown lists, you can "lazily" omit indentation except
2631at the beginning of a paragraph or other block element:
3732at the beginning of a paragraph or other block element:
@@ -2653,9 +3754,10 @@ definition:
2653Note that space between items in a definition list is required.
3754Note that space between items in a definition list is required.
2654(A variant that loosens this requirement, but disallows "lazy"
3755(A variant that loosens this requirement, but disallows "lazy"
2655hard wrapping, can be activated with `compact_definition_lists`: see
3756hard wrapping, can be activated with `compact_definition_lists`: see
2656−[Non-pandoc extensions], below.)
3757+[Non-default extensions], below.)
2658−[^3]: I have been influenced by the suggestions of [David Wheeler](http://www.justatheory.com/computers/markup/modest-markdown-proposal.html).
3759+[^3]: I have been influenced by the suggestions of [David
3760+ Wheeler](https://justatheory.com/2009/02/modest-markdown-proposal/).
2660### Numbered example lists ###
3762### Numbered example lists ###
@@ -2691,30 +3793,6 @@ list marker. That is, example lists always behave as if the
2691labels tend to be long, and indenting content to the
3793labels tend to be long, and indenting content to the
2692first non-space character after the label would be awkward.
3794first non-space character after the label would be awkward.
2694−### Compact and loose lists ###
2696−Pandoc behaves differently from `Markdown.pl` on some "edge
2697−cases" involving lists. Consider this source:
2707−Pandoc transforms this into a "compact list" (with no `<p>` tags around
2708−"First", "Second", or "Third"), while Markdown puts `<p>` tags around
2709−"Second" and "Third" (but not "First"), because of the blank space
2710−around "Third". Pandoc follows a simple rule: if the text is followed by
2711−a blank line, it is treated as a paragraph. Since "Second" is followed
2712−by a list, and not a blank line, it isn't treated as a paragraph. The
2713−fact that the list is followed by a blank line is irrelevant. (Note:
2714−Pandoc works this way even when the `markdown_strict` format is specified. This
2715−behavior is consistent with the official Markdown syntax description,
2716−even though it is different from that of `Markdown.pl`.)
2719### Ending a list ###
3797### Ending a list ###
@@ -2753,8 +3831,7 @@ of one big list:
2756−Horizontal rules
3834+## Horizontal rules
2759A line containing a row of three or more `*`, `-`, or `_` characters
3836A line containing a row of three or more `*`, `-`, or `_` characters
2760(optionally separated by spaces) produces a horizontal rule:
3837(optionally separated by spaces) produces a horizontal rule:
@@ -2764,8 +3841,7 @@ A line containing a row of three or more `*`, `-`, or `_` characters
2764 ---------------
3841 ---------------
2767−Tables
3844+## Tables
2770Four kinds of tables may be used. The first three kinds presuppose the use of
3846Four kinds of tables may be used. The first three kinds presuppose the use of
2771a fixed-width font, such as Courier. The fourth kind can be used with
3847a fixed-width font, such as Courier. The fourth kind can be used with
@@ -2790,7 +3866,7 @@ Simple tables look like this:
2791 Table: Demonstration of simple table syntax.
3867 Table: Demonstration of simple table syntax.
2793−The headers and table rows must each fit on one line. Column
3869+The header and table rows must each fit on one line. Column
2794alignments are determined by the position of the header text relative
3870alignments are determined by the position of the header text relative
2795to the dashed line below it:[^4]
3871to the dashed line below it:[^4]
@@ -2809,7 +3885,7 @@ to the dashed line below it:[^4]
2809The table must end with a blank line, or a line of dashes followed by
3885The table must end with a blank line, or a line of dashes followed by
2810a blank line.
3886a blank line.
2812−The column headers may be omitted, provided a dashed line is used
3888+The column header row may be omitted, provided a dashed line is used
2813to end the table. For example:
3889to end the table. For example:
2815 ------- ------ ---------- -------
3891 ------- ------ ---------- -------
@@ -2818,13 +3894,13 @@ to end the table. For example:
2819 ------- ------ ---------- -------
3895 ------- ------ ---------- -------
2821−When headers are omitted, column alignments are determined on the basis
3897+When the header row is omitted, column alignments are determined on the basis
2822of the first line of the table body. So, in the tables above, the columns
3898of the first line of the table body. So, in the tables above, the columns
2823would be right, left, center, and right aligned, respectively.
3899would be right, left, center, and right aligned, respectively.
2825#### Extension: `multiline_tables` ####
3901#### Extension: `multiline_tables` ####
2827−Multiline tables allow headers and table rows to span multiple lines
3903+Multiline tables allow header and table rows to span multiple lines
2828of text (but cells that span multiple columns or rows of the table are
3904of text (but cells that span multiple columns or rows of the table are
2829not supported). Here is an example:
3905not supported). Here is an example:
@@ -2846,7 +3922,7 @@ not supported). Here is an example:
2846These work like simple tables, but with the following differences:
3922These work like simple tables, but with the following differences:
2848 - They must begin with a row of dashes, before the header text
3924 - They must begin with a row of dashes, before the header text
2849− (unless the headers are omitted).
3925+ (unless the header row is omitted).
2850 - They must end with a row of dashes, then a blank line.
3926 - They must end with a row of dashes, then a blank line.
2851 - The rows must be separated by blank lines.
3927 - The rows must be separated by blank lines.
@@ -2855,7 +3931,7 @@ the columns, and the writers try to reproduce these relative widths in
2855the output. So, if you find that one of the columns is too narrow in the
3931the output. So, if you find that one of the columns is too narrow in the
2856output, try widening it in the Markdown source.
3932output, try widening it in the Markdown source.
2858−Headers may be omitted in multiline tables as well as simple tables:
3934+The header may be omitted in multiline tables as well as simple tables:
2860 ----------- ------- --------------- -------------------------
3936 ----------- ------- --------------- -------------------------
2861 First row 12.0 Example of a row that
3937 First row 12.0 Example of a row that
@@ -2866,7 +3942,7 @@ Headers may be omitted in multiline tables as well as simple tables:
2867 ----------- ------- --------------- -------------------------
3943 ----------- ------- --------------- -------------------------
2869− : Here's a multiline table without headers.
3945+ : Here's a multiline table without a header.
2871It is possible for a multiline table to have just one row, but the row
3947It is possible for a multiline table to have just one row, but the row
2872should be followed by a blank line (and then the row of dashes that ends
3948should be followed by a blank line (and then the row of dashes that ends
@@ -2892,9 +3968,8 @@ The row of `=`s separates the header from the table body, and can be
2892omitted for a headerless table. The cells of grid tables may contain
3968omitted for a headerless table. The cells of grid tables may contain
2893arbitrary block elements (multiple paragraphs, code blocks, lists,
3969arbitrary block elements (multiple paragraphs, code blocks, lists,
2894etc.). Cells that span multiple columns or rows are not
3970etc.). Cells that span multiple columns or rows are not
2895−supported. Grid tables can be created easily using [Emacs table mode].
3971+supported. Grid tables can be created easily using Emacs' table-mode
2896−
3972+(`M-x table-insert`).
2897−[Emacs table mode]: http://table.sourceforge.net/
2899Alignments can be specified as with pipe tables, by putting
3974Alignments can be specified as with pipe tables, by putting
2900colons at the boundaries of the separator line after the
3975colons at the boundaries of the separator line after the
@@ -2922,7 +3997,7 @@ and the same number of rows in each column. For example, the
2922Docutils [sample grid tables] will not render as expected with
3997Docutils [sample grid tables] will not render as expected with
2925−[sample grid tables]: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/docs/ref/rst/restructuredtext.html#grid-tables
4000+[sample grid tables]: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/docs/ref/rst/restructuredtext.html#grid-tables
2928#### Extension: `pipe_tables` ####
4003#### Extension: `pipe_tables` ####
@@ -2955,7 +4030,7 @@ legal (though ugly) pipe table:
2956The cells of pipe tables cannot contain block elements like paragraphs
4031The cells of pipe tables cannot contain block elements like paragraphs
2957and lists, and cannot span multiple lines. If a pipe table contains a
4032and lists, and cannot span multiple lines. If a pipe table contains a
2958−row whose printable content is wider than the column width (see
4033+row whose Markdown content is wider than the column width (see
2959`--columns`), then the table will take up the full text width and
4034`--columns`), then the table will take up the full text width and
2960the cell contents will wrap, with the relative cell widths determined
4035the cell contents will wrap, with the relative cell widths determined
2961by the number of dashes in the line separating the table header from
4036by the number of dashes in the line separating the table header from
@@ -2979,8 +4054,7 @@ you'll need to add colons as above.
2980[PHP Markdown Extra tables]: https://michelf.ca/projects/php-markdown/extra/#table
4055[PHP Markdown Extra tables]: https://michelf.ca/projects/php-markdown/extra/#table
2982−Metadata blocks
4057+## Metadata blocks
2985#### Extension: `pandoc_title_block` ####
4059#### Extension: `pandoc_title_block` ####
@@ -2996,30 +4070,42 @@ output.) The block may contain just a title, a title and an author,
2996or all three elements. If you want to include an author but no
4070or all three elements. If you want to include an author but no
2997title, or a title and a date but no author, you need a blank line:
4071title, or a title and a date but no author, you need a blank line:
3000− % Author
4075+% Author
3002− % My title
4079+% My title
3004− % June 15, 2006
4081+% June 15, 2006
3006The title may occupy multiple lines, but continuation lines must
4084The title may occupy multiple lines, but continuation lines must
3007begin with leading space, thus:
4085begin with leading space, thus:
3009− % My title
4088+% My title
3010− on multiple lines
4089+ on multiple lines
3012If a document has multiple authors, the authors may be put on
4092If a document has multiple authors, the authors may be put on
3013separate lines with leading space, or separated by semicolons, or
4093separate lines with leading space, or separated by semicolons, or
3014both. So, all of the following are equivalent:
4094both. So, all of the following are equivalent:
3016− % Author One
4097+% Author One
3017− Author Two
4098+ Author Two
3019− % Author One; Author Two
4102+% Author One; Author Two
3021− % Author One;
4106+% Author One;
3022− Author Two
4107+ Author Two
3024The date must fit on one line.
4110The date must fit on one line.
@@ -3060,7 +4146,7 @@ will also have "Version 4.0" in the header.
3061#### Extension: `yaml_metadata_block` ####
4147#### Extension: `yaml_metadata_block` ####
3063−A YAML metadata block is a valid YAML object, delimited by a line of three
4149+A [YAML] metadata block is a valid YAML object, delimited by a line of three
3064hyphens (`---`) at the top and a line of three hyphens (`---`) or three dots
4150hyphens (`---`) at the top and a line of three hyphens (`---`) or three dots
3065(`...`) at the bottom. A YAML metadata block may occur anywhere in the
4151(`...`) at the bottom. A YAML metadata block may occur anywhere in the
3066document, but if it is not at the beginning, it must be preceded by a blank
4152document, but if it is not at the beginning, it must be preceded by a blank
@@ -3083,20 +4169,22 @@ given a role by external processors.) Field names must not be
3083interpretable as YAML numbers or boolean values (so, for
4169interpretable as YAML numbers or boolean values (so, for
3084example, `yes`, `True`, and `15` cannot be used as field names).
4170example, `yes`, `True`, and `15` cannot be used as field names).
3086−A document may contain multiple metadata blocks. The metadata fields will
4172+A document may contain multiple metadata blocks. If two
3087−be combined through a *left-biased union*: if two metadata blocks attempt
3088−to set the same field, the value from the first block will be taken.
4173+metadata blocks attempt to set the same field, the value from
4174+the second block will be taken.
3090When pandoc is used with `-t markdown` to create a Markdown document,
4176When pandoc is used with `-t markdown` to create a Markdown document,
3091a YAML metadata block will be produced only if the `-s/--standalone`
4177a YAML metadata block will be produced only if the `-s/--standalone`
3092option is used. All of the metadata will appear in a single block
4178option is used. All of the metadata will appear in a single block
3093at the beginning of the document.
4179at the beginning of the document.
3095−Note that YAML escaping rules must be followed. Thus, for example,
4181+Note that [YAML] escaping rules must be followed. Thus, for example,
3096−if a title contains a colon, it must be quoted. The pipe character
4182+if a title contains a colon, it must be quoted, and if it contains a
4183+backslash escape, then it must be ensured that it is not treated as a
4184+[YAML escape sequence]. The pipe character (`|`) can be used to begin
3097−(`|`) can be used to begin an indented block that will be interpreted
4185+an indented block that will be interpreted literally, without need for
3098−literally, without need for escaping. This form is necessary
4186+escaping. This form is necessary when the field contains blank lines
3099−when the field contains blank lines or block-level formatting:
4187+or block-level formatting:
3102 title: 'This is the title: it contains a colon'
4190 title: 'This is the title: it contains a colon'
@@ -3110,6 +4198,12 @@ when the field contains blank lines or block-level formatting:
3110 It consists of two paragraphs.
4198 It consists of two paragraphs.
4201+The literal block after the `|` must be indented relative to the
4202+line containing the `|`. If it is not, the YAML will be invalid
4203+and pandoc will not interpret it as metadata. For an overview
4204+of the complex rules governing YAML, see the [Wikipedia entry on
3113Template variables will be set automatically from the metadata. Thus, for
4207Template variables will be set automatically from the metadata. Thus, for
3114example, in writing HTML, the variable `abstract` will be set to the HTML
4208example, in writing HTML, the variable `abstract` will be set to the HTML
3115equivalent of the Markdown in the `abstract` field:
4209equivalent of the Markdown in the `abstract` field:
@@ -3156,8 +4250,25 @@ will be interpreted as markdown. For example:
3156 \renewcommand{\section}[1]{\clearpage\oldsection{#1}}
4250 \renewcommand{\section}[1]{\clearpage\oldsection{#1}}
4253+Note: the `yaml_metadata_block` extension works with
4254+`commonmark` as well as `markdown` (and it is enabled by default
4255+in `gfm` and `commonmark_x`). However, in these formats the
4256+following restrictions apply:
4258+- The YAML metadata block must occur at the beginning of the
4259+ document (and there can be only one). If multiple files are
4260+ given as arguments to pandoc, only the first can be a YAML
4263+- The leaf nodes of the YAML structure are parsed in isolation from
4264+ each other and from the rest of the document. So, for
4265+ example, you can't use a reference link in these contexts
4266+ if the link definition is somewhere else in the document.
4268+[YAML escape sequence]: https://yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html#id2776092
4269+[Wikipedia entry on YAML syntax]: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/YAML#Syntax
3159−Backslash escapes
4271+## Backslash escapes
3162#### Extension: `all_symbols_escapable` ####
4273#### Extension: `all_symbols_escapable` ####
@@ -3183,9 +4294,12 @@ which allows only the following characters to be backslash-escaped:
3183(However, if the `markdown_strict` format is used, the standard Markdown rule
4294(However, if the `markdown_strict` format is used, the standard Markdown rule
3184will be used.)
4295will be used.)
3186−A backslash-escaped space is parsed as a nonbreaking space. It will
4297+A backslash-escaped space is parsed as a nonbreaking space. In TeX output,
3187−appear in TeX output as `~` and in HTML and XML as `\ ` or
4298+it will appear as `~`. In HTML and XML output, it will appear as a
3188−`\ `.
4299+literal unicode nonbreaking space character (note that it will thus
4300+actually look "invisible" in the generated HTML source; you can still
4301+use the `--ascii` command-line option to make it appear as an explicit
3190A backslash-escaped newline (i.e. a backslash occurring at the end of
4304A backslash-escaped newline (i.e. a backslash occurring at the end of
3191a line) is parsed as a hard line break. It will appear in TeX output as
4305a line) is parsed as a hard line break. It will appear in TeX output as
@@ -3195,8 +4309,7 @@ two trailing spaces on a line.
3196Backslash escapes do not work in verbatim contexts.
4310Backslash escapes do not work in verbatim contexts.
3198−Inline formatting
4312+## Inline formatting
3201### Emphasis ###
4314### Emphasis ###
@@ -3244,12 +4357,13 @@ text by `~` characters. Thus, for example,
3245 H~2~O is a liquid. 2^10^ is 1024.
4358 H~2~O is a liquid. 2^10^ is 1024.
4360+The text between `^...^` or `~...~` may not contain spaces or
3247−If the superscripted or subscripted text contains spaces, these spaces
4361+newlines. If the superscripted or subscripted text contains
3248−must be escaped with backslashes. (This is to prevent accidental
4362+spaces, these spaces must be escaped with backslashes. (This is
3249−superscripting and subscripting through the ordinary use of `~` and `^`.)
4363+to prevent accidental superscripting and subscripting through
4364+the ordinary use of `~` and `^`, and also bad interactions with
3250−Thus, if you want the letter P with 'a cat' in subscripts, use
4365+footnotes.) Thus, if you want the letter P with 'a cat' in
3251−`P~a\ cat~`, not `P~a cat~`.
4366+subscripts, use `P~a\ cat~`, not `P~a cat~`.
3254### Verbatim ###
4368### Verbatim ###
@@ -3298,8 +4412,7 @@ For compatibility with other Markdown flavors, CSS is also supported:
3298This will work in all output formats that support small caps.
4412This will work in all output formats that support small caps.
3304#### Extension: `tex_math_dollars` ####
4417#### Extension: `tex_math_dollars` ####
@@ -3311,6 +4424,10 @@ left, and must not be followed immediately by a digit. Thus,
3311you need to enclose text in literal `$` characters, backslash-escape
4424you need to enclose text in literal `$` characters, backslash-escape
3312them and they won't be treated as math delimiters.
4425them and they won't be treated as math delimiters.
4427+For display math, use `$$` delimiters. (In this case, the delimiters
4428+may be separated from the formula by whitespace. However, there can be
4429+no blank lines betwen the opening and closing `$$` delimiters.)
3314TeX math will be printed in all output formats. How it is rendered
4431TeX math will be printed in all output formats. How it is rendered
3315depends on the output format:
4432depends on the output format:
@@ -3322,16 +4439,23 @@ Markdown, Emacs Org mode, ConTeXt, ZimWiki
3322 ~ It will appear verbatim surrounded by `$...$` (for inline
4439 ~ It will appear verbatim surrounded by `$...$` (for inline
3323 math) or `$$...$$` (for display math).
4440 math) or `$$...$$` (for display math).
4443+ ~ It will appear verbatim surrounded by `{{formula}}..{{/formula}}`.
3325reStructuredText
4445reStructuredText
3326 ~ It will be rendered using an [interpreted text role `:math:`].
4446 ~ It will be rendered using an [interpreted text role `:math:`].
3329− ~ It will be rendered as `latexmath:[...]`.
4449+ ~ For AsciiDoc output format (`-t asciidoc`) it will appear verbatim
4450+ surrounded by `latexmath:[$...$]` (for inline math) or
4451+ `[latexmath]++++\[...\]+++` (for display math).
4452+ For AsciiDoctor output format (`-t asciidoctor`) the LaTex delimiters
4453+ (`$..$` and `\[..\]`) are omitted.
3332 ~ It will be rendered inside a `@math` command.
4456 ~ It will be rendered inside a `@math` command.
3334−groff man
4458+roff man, Jira markup
3335 ~ It will be rendered verbatim without `$`'s.
4459 ~ It will be rendered verbatim without `$`'s.
3337MediaWiki, DokuWiki
4461MediaWiki, DokuWiki
@@ -3365,10 +4489,9 @@ HTML, Slidy, DZSlides, S5, EPUB
3365 command-line options selected. Therefore see [Math rendering in HTML]
4489 command-line options selected. Therefore see [Math rendering in HTML]
3368−[interpreted text role `:math:`]: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/docs/ref/rst/roles.html#math
4492+[interpreted text role `:math:`]: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/docs/ref/rst/roles.html#math
3370−Raw HTML
4494+## Raw HTML
3373#### Extension: `raw_html` ####
4496#### Extension: `raw_html` ####
@@ -3379,8 +4502,17 @@ Markdown allows it, but it has been made an extension so that it can
3379be disabled if desired.)
4502be disabled if desired.)
3381The raw HTML is passed through unchanged in HTML, S5, Slidy, Slideous,
4504The raw HTML is passed through unchanged in HTML, S5, Slidy, Slideous,
3382−DZSlides, EPUB, Markdown, Emacs Org mode, and Textile output, and suppressed
4505+DZSlides, EPUB, Markdown, CommonMark, Emacs Org mode, and Textile
3383−in other formats.
4506+output, and suppressed in other formats.
4508+For a more explicit way of including raw HTML in a Markdown
4509+document, see the [`raw_attribute` extension][Extension: `raw_attribute`].
4511+In the CommonMark format, if `raw_html` is enabled, superscripts,
4512+subscripts, strikeouts and small capitals will be represented as HTML.
4513+Otherwise, plain-text fallbacks will be used. Note that even if
4514+`raw_html` is disabled, tables will be rendered with HTML syntax if
4515+they cannot use pipe syntax.
3385#### Extension: `markdown_in_html_blocks` ####
4517#### Extension: `markdown_in_html_blocks` ####
@@ -3397,7 +4529,7 @@ Thus, for example, pandoc will turn
3399 <td>*one*</td>
4531 <td>*one*</td>
3400− <td>[a link](http://google.com)</td>
4532+ <td>[a link](https://google.com)</td>
3402 </table>
4534 </table>
@@ -3406,14 +4538,14 @@ into
3408 <td><em>one</em></td>
4540 <td><em>one</em></td>
3409− <td><a href="http://google.com">a link</a></td>
4541+ <td><a href="https://google.com">a link</a></td>
3411 </table>
4543 </table>
3413whereas `Markdown.pl` will preserve it as is.
4545whereas `Markdown.pl` will preserve it as is.
3415−There is one exception to this rule: text between `<script>` and
4547+There is one exception to this rule: text between `<script>`,
3416−`<style>` tags is not interpreted as Markdown.
4548+`<style>`, and `<textarea>` tags is not interpreted as Markdown.
3418This departure from standard Markdown should make it easier to mix
4550This departure from standard Markdown should make it easier to mix
3419Markdown with HTML block elements. For example, one can surround
4551Markdown with HTML block elements. For example, one can surround
@@ -3455,6 +4587,10 @@ Note that in LaTeX environments, like
3455the material between the begin and end tags will be interpreted as raw
4587the material between the begin and end tags will be interpreted as raw
3456LaTeX, not as Markdown.
4588LaTeX, not as Markdown.
4590+For a more explicit and flexible way of including raw TeX in a
4591+Markdown document, see the [`raw_attribute`
4592+extension][Extension: `raw_attribute`].
3458Inline LaTeX is ignored in output formats other than Markdown, LaTeX,
4594Inline LaTeX is ignored in output formats other than Markdown, LaTeX,
3459Emacs Org mode, and ConTeXt.
4595Emacs Org mode, and ConTeXt.
@@ -3465,7 +4601,7 @@ Emacs Org mode, and ConTeXt.
3465Inline spans and fenced code blocks with a special
4601Inline spans and fenced code blocks with a special
3466kind of attribute will be parsed as raw content with the
4602kind of attribute will be parsed as raw content with the
3467designated format. For example, the following produces a raw
4603designated format. For example, the following produces a raw
3468−groff `ms` block:
4604+roff `ms` block:
3470 ```{=ms}
4606 ```{=ms}
3471 .MYMACRO
4607 .MYMACRO
@@ -3501,12 +4637,11 @@ example, to use a raw attribute with a backtick code block,
3502The raw attribute cannot be combined with regular attributes.
4638The raw attribute cannot be combined with regular attributes.
3504−LaTeX macros
4640+## LaTeX macros
3507#### Extension: `latex_macros` ####
4642#### Extension: `latex_macros` ####
3509−For output formats other than LaTeX, pandoc will parse LaTeX
4644+When this extension is enabled, pandoc will parse LaTeX
3510macro definitions and apply the resulting macros to all LaTeX
4645macro definitions and apply the resulting macros to all LaTeX
3511math and raw LaTeX. So, for example, the following will work in
4646math and raw LaTeX. So, for example, the following will work in
3512all output formats, not just LaTeX:
4647all output formats, not just LaTeX:
@@ -3516,18 +4651,20 @@ all output formats, not just LaTeX:
3516 $\tuple{a, b, c}$
4651 $\tuple{a, b, c}$
3518Note that LaTeX macros will not be applied if they occur
4653Note that LaTeX macros will not be applied if they occur
3519−inside inside a raw span or block marked with the
4654+inside a raw span or block marked with the
3520[`raw_attribute` extension](#extension-raw_attribute).
4655[`raw_attribute` extension](#extension-raw_attribute).
3522When `latex_macros` is disabled, the raw LaTeX and math will
4657When `latex_macros` is disabled, the raw LaTeX and math will
3523not have macros applied. This is usually a better approach when
4658not have macros applied. This is usually a better approach when
3524you are targeting LaTeX or PDF.
4659you are targeting LaTeX or PDF.
3526−Whether or not `latex_macros` is enabled, the macro definitions
3527−will still be passed through as raw LaTeX.
4661+Macro definitions in LaTeX will be passed through as raw LaTeX
4662+only if `latex_macros` is not enabled. Macro definitions in
4663+Markdown source (or other formats allowing `raw_tex`) will
4664+be passed through regardless of whether `latex_macros` is
3532Markdown allows links to be specified in several ways.
4669Markdown allows links to be specified in several ways.
@@ -3536,7 +4673,7 @@ Markdown allows links to be specified in several ways.
3536If you enclose a URL or email address in pointy brackets, it
4673If you enclose a URL or email address in pointy brackets, it
3537will become a link:
4674will become a link:
3539− <http://google.com>
4676+ <https://google.com>
3540 <sam@green.eggs.ham>
4677 <sam@green.eggs.ham>
3542### Inline links ###
4679### Inline links ###
@@ -3546,7 +4683,7 @@ followed by the URL in parentheses. (Optionally, the URL can
3546be followed by a link title, in quotes.)
4683be followed by a link title, in quotes.)
3548 This is an [inline link](/url), and here's [one with
4685 This is an [inline link](/url), and here's [one with
3549− a title](http://fsf.org "click here for a good time!").
4686+ a title](https://fsf.org "click here for a good time!").
3551There can be no space between the bracketed part and the parenthesized part.
4688There can be no space between the bracketed part and the parenthesized part.
3552The link text can contain formatting (such as emphasis), but the title cannot.
4689The link text can contain formatting (such as emphasis), but the title cannot.
@@ -3575,7 +4712,7 @@ Here are some examples:
3576 [my label 1]: /foo/bar.html "My title, optional"
4713 [my label 1]: /foo/bar.html "My title, optional"
3577 [my label 2]: /foo
4714 [my label 2]: /foo
3578− [my label 3]: http://fsf.org (The free software foundation)
4715+ [my label 3]: https://fsf.org (The free software foundation)
3579 [my label 4]: /bar#special 'A title in single quotes'
4716 [my label 4]: /bar#special 'A title in single quotes'
3581The URL may optionally be surrounded by angle brackets:
4718The URL may optionally be surrounded by angle brackets:
@@ -3584,7 +4721,7 @@ The URL may optionally be surrounded by angle brackets:
3585The title may go on the next line:
4722The title may go on the next line:
3587− [my label 3]: http://fsf.org
4724+ [my label 3]: https://fsf.org
3588 "The free software foundation"
4725 "The free software foundation"
3590Note that link labels are not case sensitive. So, this will work:
4727Note that link labels are not case sensitive. So, this will work:
@@ -3622,7 +4759,7 @@ be omitted entirely:
3622### Internal links ###
4759### Internal links ###
3624To link to another section of the same document, use the automatically
4761To link to another section of the same document, use the automatically
3625−generated identifier (see [Header identifiers]). For example:
4762+generated identifier (see [Heading identifiers]). For example:
3627 See the [Introduction](#introduction).
4764 See the [Introduction](#introduction).
@@ -3635,8 +4772,7 @@ or
3635Internal links are currently supported for HTML formats (including
4772Internal links are currently supported for HTML formats (including
3636HTML slide shows and EPUB), LaTeX, and ConTeXt.
4773HTML slide shows and EPUB), LaTeX, and ConTeXt.
3638−Images
4775+## Images
3641A link immediately preceded by a `!` will be treated as an image.
4777A link immediately preceded by a `!` will be treated as an image.
3642The link text will be used as the image's alt text:
4778The link text will be used as the image's alt text:
@@ -3682,10 +4818,11 @@ Attributes can be set on links and images:
3682(This syntax is compatible with [PHP Markdown Extra] when only `#id`
4818(This syntax is compatible with [PHP Markdown Extra] when only `#id`
3683and `.class` are used.)
4819and `.class` are used.)
3685−For HTML and EPUB, all attributes except `width` and `height` (but
4821+For HTML and EPUB, all known HTML5 attributes except `width` and
3686−including `srcset` and `sizes`) are passed through as is. The other
4822+`height` (but including `srcset` and `sizes`) are passed through
4823+as is. Unknown attributes are passed through as custom
4824+attributes, with `data-` prepended. The other writers ignore
3687−writers ignore attributes that are not supported by their output
4825+attributes that are not specifically supported by their output format.
3690The `width` and `height` attributes on images are treated specially. When
4827The `width` and `height` attributes on images are treated specially. When
3691used without a unit, the unit is assumed to be pixels. However, any of
4828used without a unit, the unit is assumed to be pixels. However, any of
@@ -3697,24 +4834,27 @@ For example:
3697{ width=50% }
4834{ width=50% }
3700−- Dimensions are converted to inches for output in page-based formats like
4837+- Dimensions may be converted to a form that is compatible with
3701− LaTeX. Dimensions are converted to pixels for output in HTML-like
4838+ the output format (for example, dimensions given in pixels will
3702− formats. Use the `--dpi` option to specify the number of pixels per
4839+ be converted to inches when converting HTML to LaTeX). Conversion
3703− inch. The default is 96dpi.
4840+ between pixels and physical measurements is affected by the
4841+ `--dpi` option (by default, 96 dpi is assumed, unless the image
4842+ itself contains dpi information).
3704- The `%` unit is generally relative to some available space.
4843- The `%` unit is generally relative to some available space.
3705− For example the above example will render to
4844+ For example the above example will render to the following.
3706− `<img href="file.jpg" style="width: 50%;" />` (HTML),
4845+ - HTML: `<img href="file.jpg" style="width: 50%;" />`
3707− `\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{file.jpg}` (LaTeX), or
4846+ - LaTeX: `\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth,height=\textheight]{file.jpg}`
3708− `\externalfigure[file.jpg][width=0.5\textwidth]` (ConTeXt).
4847+ (If you're using a custom template, you need to configure `graphicx`
4848+ as in the default template.)
4849+ - ConTeXt: `\externalfigure[file.jpg][width=0.5\textwidth]`
3709- Some output formats have a notion of a class
4850- Some output formats have a notion of a class
3710− ([ConTeXt](http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Using_Graphics#Multiple_Image_Settings))
4851+ ([ConTeXt](https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Using_Graphics#Multiple_Image_Settings))
3711 or a unique identifier (LaTeX `\caption`), or both (HTML).
4852 or a unique identifier (LaTeX `\caption`), or both (HTML).
3712- When no `width` or `height` attributes are specified, the fallback
4853- When no `width` or `height` attributes are specified, the fallback
3713 is to look at the image resolution and the dpi metadata embedded in
4854 is to look at the image resolution and the dpi metadata embedded in
3714 the image file.
4855 the image file.
3716−Divs and Spans
4857+## Divs and Spans
3719Using the `native_divs` and `native_spans` extensions
4859Using the `native_divs` and `native_spans` extensions
3720(see [above][Extension: `native_divs`]), HTML syntax can
4860(see [above][Extension: `native_divs`]), HTML syntax can
@@ -3770,8 +4910,7 @@ followed immediately by attributes:
3771 [This is *some text*]{.class key="val"}
4911 [This is *some text*]{.class key="val"}
3773−Footnotes
4913+## Footnotes
3776#### Extension: `footnotes` ####
4915#### Extension: `footnotes` ####
@@ -3817,45 +4956,401 @@ they cannot contain multiple paragraphs). The syntax is as follows:
3818Inline and regular footnotes may be mixed freely.
4957Inline and regular footnotes may be mixed freely.
3820−Citations
4959+## Citation syntax
3823#### Extension: `citations` ####
4961#### Extension: `citations` ####
4963+To cite a bibliographic item with an identifier foo, use the
4964+syntax `@foo`. Normal citations should be included in square
4965+brackets, with semicolons separating distinct items:
4967+ Blah blah [@doe99; @smith2000; @smith2004].
4969+How this is rendered depends on the citation style. In an
4970+author-date style, it might render as
4972+ Blah blah (Doe 1999, Smith 2000, 2004).
4974+In a footnote style, it might render as
4978+ [^1]: John Doe, "Frogs," *Journal of Amphibians* 44 (1999);
4979+ Susan Smith, "Flies," *Journal of Insects* (2000);
4980+ Susan Smith, "Bees," *Journal of Insects* (2004).
4982+See the [CSL user documentation] for more information about CSL
4983+styles and how they affect rendering.
4985+Unless a citation key start with a letter, digit, or `_`,
4986+and contains only alphanumerics and internal punctuation
4987+characters (`:.#$%&-+?<>~/`), it must be surrounded
4988+by curly braces, which are not considered part of the key.
4989+In `@Foo_bar.baz.`, the key is `Foo_bar.baz`. The final
4990+period is not *internal* punctuation, so it is not included in
4991+the key. In `@{Foo_bar.baz.}`, the key is `Foo_bar.baz.`, including
4992+the final period. The curly braces are recommended if you use URLs as
4993+keys: `[@{https://example.com/bib?name=foobar&date=2000}, p. 33]`.
4995+Citation items may optionally include a prefix, a locator, and
4998+ Blah blah [see @doe99, pp. 33-35 and *passim*; @smith04, chap. 1].
5000+The first item (`doe99`) has prefix `see `, locator `pp. 33-35`,
5001+and suffix `and *passim*`. The second item (`smith04`) has
5002+locator `chap. 1` and no prefix or suffix.
5004+Pandoc uses some heuristics to separate the locator from the
5005+rest of the subject. It is sensitive to the locator terms
5006+defined in the [CSL locale files]. Either abbreviated or
5007+unabbreviated forms are accepted. In the `en-US` locale, locator
5008+terms can be written in either singular or plural forms, as
5009+`book`, `bk.`/`bks.`; `chapter`, `chap.`/`chaps.`; `column`,
5010+`col.`/`cols.`; `figure`, `fig.`/`figs.`; `folio`,
5011+`fol.`/`fols.`; `number`, `no.`/`nos.`; `line`, `l.`/`ll.`;
5012+`note`, `n.`/`nn.`; `opus`, `op.`/`opp.`; `page`, `p.`/`pp.`;
5013+`paragraph`, `para.`/`paras.`; `part`, `pt.`/`pts.`; `section`,
5014+`sec.`/`secs.`; `sub verbo`, `s.v.`/`s.vv.`; `verse`,
5015+`v.`/`vv.`; `volume`, `vol.`/`vols.`; `¶`/`¶¶`; `§`/`§§`. If no
5016+locator term is used, "page" is assumed.
5018+In complex cases, you can force something to be treated as
5019+a locator by enclosing it in curly braces or prevent parsing
5020+the suffix as locator by prepending curly braces:
5022+ [@smith{ii, A, D-Z}, with a suffix]
5023+ [@smith, {pp. iv, vi-xi, (xv)-(xvii)} with suffix here]
5024+ [@smith{}, 99 years later]
5026+A minus sign (`-`) before the `@` will suppress mention of
5027+the author in the citation. This can be useful when the
5028+author is already mentioned in the text:
5030+ Smith says blah [-@smith04].
5032+You can also write an author-in-text citation, by omitting the
5035+ @smith04 says blah.
5037+ @smith04 [p. 33] says blah.
5039+This will cause the author's name to be rendered, followed by
5040+the bibliographical details. Use this form when you want to
5041+make the citation the subject of a sentence.
5043+When you are using a note style, it is usually better to let
5044+citeproc create the footnotes from citations rather than writing
5045+an explicit note. If you do write an explicit note that
5046+contains a citation, note that normal citations will be put in
5047+parentheses, while author-in-text citations will not. For
5048+this reason, it is sometimes preferable to use the
5049+author-in-text style inside notes when using a note style.
5051+[CSL user documentation]: https://citationstyles.org/authors/
5052+[CSL]: https://docs.citationstyles.org/en/stable/specification.html
5053+[CSL markup specs]: https://docs.citationstyles.org/en/1.0/release-notes.html#rich-text-markup-within-fields
5054+[Chicago Manual of Style]: https://chicagomanualofstyle.org
5055+[Citation Style Language]: https://citationstyles.org
5056+[Zotero Style Repository]: https://www.zotero.org/styles
5057+[finding and editing styles]: https://citationstyles.org/authors/
5058+[CSL locale files]: https://github.com/citation-style-language/locales
5060+## Non-default extensions
5062+The following Markdown syntax extensions are not enabled by default
5063+in pandoc, but may be enabled by adding `+EXTENSION` to the format
5064+name, where `EXTENSION` is the name of the extension. Thus, for
5065+example, `markdown+hard_line_breaks` is Markdown with hard line breaks.
5067+#### Extension: `rebase_relative_paths` ####
5069+Rewrite relative paths for Markdown links and images, depending
5070+on the path of the file containing the link or image link. For
5071+each link or image, pandoc will compute the directory of the
5072+containing file, relative to the working directory, and prepend
5073+the resulting path to the link or image path.
5075+The use of this extension is best understood by example.
5076+Suppose you have a a subdirectory for each chapter of a book,
5077+`chap1`, `chap2`, `chap3`. Each contains a file `text.md` and a
5078+number of images used in the chapter. You would like to have
5079+`` in `chap1/text.md` refer to
5080+`chap1/spider.jpg` and `` in `chap2/text.md`
5081+refer to `chap2/spider.jpg`. To do this, use
5083+ pandoc chap*/*.md -f markdown+rebase_relative_paths
5085+Without this extension, you would have to use
5086+`` in `chap1/text.md` and
5087+`` in `chap2/text.md`. Links with
5088+relative paths will be rewritten in the same way as images.
5090+Absolute paths and URLs are not changed. Neither are empty
5091+paths or paths consisting entirely of a fragment, e.g., `#foo`.
5093+Note that relative paths in reference links and images will
5094+be rewritten relative to the file containing the link
5095+reference definition, not the file containing the reference link
5096+or image itself, if these differ.
5098+#### Extension: `attributes` ####
5100+Allows attributes to be attached to any inline or block-level
5101+element. The syntax for the attributes is the same as that
5102+used in [`header_attributes`][Extension: `header_attributes`].
5104+- Attributes that occur immediately after an inline
5105+ element affect that element. If they follow a space, then they
5106+ belong to the space. (Hence, this option subsumes
5107+ `inline_code_attributes` and `link_attributes`.)
5108+- Attributes that occur immediately before a block
5109+ element, on a line by themselves, affect that
5111+- Consecutive attribute specifiers may be used,
5112+ either for blocks or for inlines. Their attributes
5114+- Attributes that occur at the end of the text of
5115+ a Setext or ATX heading (separated by whitespace
5116+ from the text) affect the heading element. (Hence, this
5117+ option subsumes `header_attributes`.)
5118+- Attributes that occur after the opening fence
5119+ in a fenced code block affect the code block element. (Hence,
5120+ this option subsumes `fenced_code_attributes`.)
5121+- Attributes that occur at the end of a reference
5122+ link definition affect links that refer to that
5125+Note that pandoc's AST does not currently allow attributes
5126+to be attached to arbitrary elements. Hence a Span or Div
5127+container will be added if needed.
5129+#### Extension: `old_dashes` ####
5131+Selects the pandoc <= 1.8.2.1 behavior for parsing smart dashes:
5132+`-` before a numeral is an en-dash, and `--` is an em-dash.
5133+This option only has an effect if `smart` is enabled. It is
5134+selected automatically for `textile` input.
5136+#### Extension: `angle_brackets_escapable` ####
5138+Allow `<` and `>` to be backslash-escaped, as they can be in
5139+GitHub flavored Markdown but not original Markdown. This is
5140+implied by pandoc's default `all_symbols_escapable`.
5142+#### Extension: `lists_without_preceding_blankline` ####
5144+Allow a list to occur right after a paragraph, with no intervening
5147+#### Extension: `four_space_rule` ####
5149+Selects the pandoc <= 2.0 behavior for parsing lists, so that
5150+four spaces indent are needed for list item continuation
5153+#### Extension: `spaced_reference_links` ####
5155+Allow whitespace between the two components of a reference link,
5160+#### Extension: `hard_line_breaks` ####
5162+Causes all newlines within a paragraph to be interpreted as hard line
5163+breaks instead of spaces.
5165+#### Extension: `ignore_line_breaks` ####
5167+Causes newlines within a paragraph to be ignored, rather than being
5168+treated as spaces or as hard line breaks. This option is intended for
5169+use with East Asian languages where spaces are not used between words,
5170+but text is divided into lines for readability.
5172+#### Extension: `east_asian_line_breaks` ####
5174+Causes newlines within a paragraph to be ignored, rather than
5175+being treated as spaces or as hard line breaks, when they occur
5176+between two East Asian wide characters. This is a better choice
5177+than `ignore_line_breaks` for texts that include a mix of East
5178+Asian wide characters and other characters.
5180+#### Extension: `emoji` ####
5182+Parses textual emojis like `:smile:` as Unicode emoticons.
5184+#### Extension: `tex_math_single_backslash` ####
5186+Causes anything between `\(` and `\)` to be interpreted as inline
5187+TeX math, and anything between `\[` and `\]` to be interpreted
5188+as display TeX math. Note: a drawback of this extension is that
5189+it precludes escaping `(` and `[`.
5191+#### Extension: `tex_math_double_backslash` ####
5193+Causes anything between `\\(` and `\\)` to be interpreted as inline
5194+TeX math, and anything between `\\[` and `\\]` to be interpreted
5195+as display TeX math.
5197+#### Extension: `markdown_attribute` ####
5199+By default, pandoc interprets material inside block-level tags as Markdown.
5200+This extension changes the behavior so that Markdown is only parsed
5201+inside block-level tags if the tags have the attribute `markdown=1`.
5203+#### Extension: `mmd_title_block` ####
5205+Enables a [MultiMarkdown] style title block at the top of
5206+the document, for example:
5210+ Date: September 1, 2008
5211+ Comment: This is a sample mmd title block, with
5212+ a field spanning multiple lines.
5214+See the MultiMarkdown documentation for details. If `pandoc_title_block` or
5215+`yaml_metadata_block` is enabled, it will take precedence over
5218+#### Extension: `abbreviations` ####
5220+Parses PHP Markdown Extra abbreviation keys, like
5222+ *[HTML]: Hypertext Markup Language
5224+Note that the pandoc document model does not support
5225+abbreviations, so if this extension is enabled, abbreviation keys are
5226+simply skipped (as opposed to being parsed as paragraphs).
5228+#### Extension: `autolink_bare_uris` ####
5230+Makes all absolute URIs into links, even when not surrounded by
5231+pointy braces `<...>`.
5233+#### Extension: `mmd_link_attributes` ####
5235+Parses multimarkdown style key-value attributes on link
5236+and image references. This extension should not be confused with the
5237+[`link_attributes`](#extension-link_attributes) extension.
5239+ This is a reference ![image][ref] with multimarkdown attributes.
5241+ [ref]: https://path.to/image "Image title" width=20px height=30px
5242+ id=myId class="myClass1 myClass2"
5244+#### Extension: `mmd_header_identifiers` ####
5246+Parses multimarkdown style heading identifiers (in square brackets,
5247+after the heading but before any trailing `#`s in an ATX heading).
5249+#### Extension: `compact_definition_lists` ####
5251+Activates the definition list syntax of pandoc 1.12.x and earlier.
5252+This syntax differs from the one described above under [Definition lists]
5253+in several respects:
5255+ - No blank line is required between consecutive items of the
5257+ - To get a "tight" or "compact" list, omit space between consecutive
5258+ items; the space between a term and its definition does not affect
5260+ - Lazy wrapping of paragraphs is not allowed: the entire definition must
5261+ be indented four spaces.[^6]
5263+[^6]: To see why laziness is incompatible with relaxing the requirement
5264+ of a blank line between items, consider the following example:
5271+ Is this a single list item with two definitions of "bar," the first of
5272+ which is lazily wrapped, or two list items? To remove the ambiguity
5273+ we must either disallow lazy wrapping or require a blank line between
5276+#### Extension: `gutenberg` ####
5278+Use [Project Gutenberg] conventions for `plain` output:
5279+all-caps for strong emphasis, surround by underscores
5280+for regular emphasis, add extra blank space around headings.
5282+ [Project Gutenberg]: https://www.gutenberg.org
5284+#### Extension: `sourcepos` ####
5286+Include source position attributes when parsing `commonmark`.
5287+For elements that accept attributes, a `data-pos` attribute
5288+is added; other elements are placed in a surrounding
5289+Div or Span elemnet with a `data-pos` attribute.
5291+## Markdown variants
5293+In addition to pandoc's extended Markdown, the following Markdown
5294+variants are supported:
5296+- `markdown_phpextra` (PHP Markdown Extra)
5297+- `markdown_github` (deprecated GitHub-Flavored Markdown)
5298+- `markdown_mmd` (MultiMarkdown)
5299+- `markdown_strict` (Markdown.pl)
5300+- `commonmark` (CommonMark)
5301+- `gfm` (Github-Flavored Markdown)
5302+- `commonmark_x` (CommonMark with many pandoc extensions)
5304+To see which extensions are supported for a given format,
5305+and which are enabled by default, you can use the command
5307+ pandoc --list-extensions=FORMAT
5309+where `FORMAT` is replaced with the name of the format.
5311+Note that the list of extensions for `commonmark`,
5312+`gfm`, and `commonmark_x` are defined relative to default
5313+commonmark. So, for example, `backtick_code_blocks`
5314+does not appear as an extension, since it is enabled by
5315+default and cannot be disabled.
3825−Using an external filter, `pandoc-citeproc`, pandoc can automatically generate
5319+When the `--citeproc` option is used, pandoc can automatically generate
3826citations and a bibliography in a number of styles. Basic usage is
5320citations and a bibliography in a number of styles. Basic usage is
3828− pandoc --filter pandoc-citeproc myinput.txt
5322+ pandoc --citeproc myinput.txt
3830−In order to use this feature, you will need to specify a bibliography file
5324+To use this feature, you will need to have
5326+- a document containing citations (see [Extension: `citations`]);
5327+- a source of bibliographic data: either an external bibliography
5328+ file or a list of `references` in the document's YAML metadata
5329+- optionally, a [CSL] citation style.
5331+## Specifying bibliographic data
5333+You can specify an external bibliography using the
3831−using the `bibliography` metadata field in a YAML metadata section, or
5334+`bibliography` metadata field in a YAML metadata section or the
3832−`--bibliography` command line argument. You can supply multiple `--bibliography`
5335+`--bibliography` command line argument. If you want to use
5336+multiple bibliography files, you can supply multiple
3833−arguments or set `bibliography` metadata field to YAML array, if you want to
5337+`--bibliography` arguments or set `bibliography` metadata field
3834−use multiple bibliography files. The bibliography may have any of these
5338+to YAML array. A bibliography may have any of these formats:
3837 Format File extension
5340 Format File extension
3838 ------------ --------------
5341 ------------ --------------
3839 BibLaTeX .bib
5342 BibLaTeX .bib
3840 BibTeX .bibtex
5343 BibTeX .bibtex
3842 CSL JSON .json
5344 CSL JSON .json
3843 CSL YAML .yaml
5345 CSL YAML .yaml
3851Note that `.bib` can be used with both BibTeX and BibLaTeX files;
5347Note that `.bib` can be used with both BibTeX and BibLaTeX files;
3852−use `.bibtex` to force BibTeX.
5348+use the extension `.bibtex` to force interpretation as BibTeX.
3854−Note that `pandoc-citeproc --bib2json` and `pandoc-citeproc --bib2yaml`
3855−can produce `.json` and `.yaml` files from any of the supported formats.
3857−In-field markup: In BibTeX and BibLaTeX databases, pandoc-citeproc parses
5350+In BibTeX and BibLaTeX databases, pandoc parses LaTeX markup
5351+inside fields such as `title`; in CSL YAML databases, pandoc
3858−a subset of LaTeX markup; in CSL YAML databases, pandoc Markdown; and in CSL JSON databases, an [HTML-like markup][CSL markup specs]:
5352+Markdown; and in CSL JSON databases, an [HTML-like markup][CSL
3860`<i>...</i>`
5355`<i>...</i>`
3861: italics
5356: italics
@@ -3875,14 +5370,11 @@ a subset of LaTeX markup; in CSL YAML databases, pandoc Markdown; and in CSL JSO
3875`<span class="nocase">...</span>`
5370`<span class="nocase">...</span>`
3876: prevent a phrase from being capitalized as title case
5371: prevent a phrase from being capitalized as title case
3878−`pandoc-citeproc -j` and `-y` interconvert the CSL JSON
3879−and CSL YAML formats as far as possible.
3881−As an alternative to specifying a bibliography file using `--bibliography`
5373+As an alternative to specifying a bibliography file using
3882−or the YAML metadata field `bibliography`, you can include
5374+`--bibliography` or the YAML metadata field `bibliography`, you
3883−the citation data directly in the `references` field of the
5375+can include the citation data directly in the `references` field
3884−document's YAML metadata. The field should contain an array of
5376+of the document's YAML metadata. The field should contain an
3885−YAML-encoded references, for example:
5377+array of YAML-encoded references, for example:
3888 references:
5380 references:
@@ -3898,323 +5390,273 @@ YAML-encoded references, for example:
3898 - - 1953
5390 - - 1953
3901− title: 'Molecular structure of nucleic acids: a structure for deoxyribose
5393+ title: 'Molecular structure of nucleic acids: a structure for
3902− nucleic acid'
5394+ deoxyribose nucleic acid'
3903 title-short: Molecular structure of nucleic acids
5395 title-short: Molecular structure of nucleic acids
3904 container-title: Nature
5396 container-title: Nature
3905 volume: 171
5397 volume: 171
3906 issue: 4356
5398 issue: 4356
3907 page: 737-738
5399 page: 737-738
3908 DOI: 10.1038/171737a0
5400 DOI: 10.1038/171737a0
3909− URL: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v171/n4356/abs/171737a0.html
5401+ URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/171737a0
3910 language: en-GB
5402 language: en-GB
3913−(`pandoc-citeproc --bib2yaml` can produce these from a bibliography file in one
5405+If both an external bibliography and inline (YAML metadata)
3914−of the supported formats.)
5406+references are provided, both will be used. In case of
3915−
5407+conflicting `id`s, the inline references will take precedence.
3916−Citations and references can be formatted using any style supported by the
3917−[Citation Style Language], listed in the [Zotero Style Repository].
3918−These files are specified using the `--csl` option or the `csl` metadata field.
3919−By default, `pandoc-citeproc` will use the [Chicago Manual of Style] author-date
3920−format. The CSL project provides further information on [finding and editing styles].
3922−To make your citations hyperlinks to the corresponding bibliography
3923−entries, add `link-citations: true` to your YAML metadata.
3925−Citations go inside square brackets and are separated by semicolons.
3926−Each citation must have a key, composed of '@' + the citation
3927−identifier from the database, and may optionally have a prefix,
3928−a locator, and a suffix. The citation key must begin with a letter, digit,
3929−or `_`, and may contain alphanumerics, `_`, and internal punctuation
3930−characters (`:.#$%&-+?<>~/`). Here are some examples:
3932− Blah blah [see @doe99, pp. 33-35; also @smith04, chap. 1].
3934− Blah blah [@doe99, pp. 33-35, 38-39 and *passim*].
3936− Blah blah [@smith04; @doe99].
3938−`pandoc-citeproc` detects locator terms in the [CSL locale files].
3939−Either abbreviated or unabbreviated forms are accepted. In the `en-US`
3940−locale, locator terms can be written in either singular or plural forms,
3941−as `book`, `bk.`/`bks.`; `chapter`, `chap.`/`chaps.`; `column`,
3942−`col.`/`cols.`; `figure`, `fig.`/`figs.`; `folio`, `fol.`/`fols.`;
3943−`number`, `no.`/`nos.`; `line`, `l.`/`ll.`; `note`, `n.`/`nn.`; `opus`,
3944−`op.`/`opp.`; `page`, `p.`/`pp.`; `paragraph`, `para.`/`paras.`; `part`,
3945−`pt.`/`pts.`; `section`, `sec.`/`secs.`; `sub verbo`, `s.v.`/`s.vv.`;
3946−`verse`, `v.`/`vv.`; `volume`, `vol.`/`vols.`; `¶`/`¶¶`; `§`/`§§`. If no
3947−locator term is used, "page" is assumed.
3949−A minus sign (`-`) before the `@` will suppress mention of
3950−the author in the citation. This can be useful when the
3951−author is already mentioned in the text:
3953− Smith says blah [-@smith04].
3955−You can also write an in-text citation, as follows:
3957− @smith04 says blah.
3959− @smith04 [p. 33] says blah.
3961−If the style calls for a list of works cited, it will be placed
3962−at the end of the document. Normally, you will want to end your
3963−document with an appropriate header:
3969−The bibliography will be inserted after this header. Note that
3970−the `unnumbered` class will be added to this header, so that the
3971−section will not be numbered.
3973−If you want to include items in the bibliography without actually
5409+Note that `pandoc` can be used to produce such a YAML metadata
3974−citing them in the body text, you can define a dummy `nocite` metadata
5410+section from a BibTeX, BibLaTeX, or CSL JSON bibliography:
3975−field and put the citations there:
3977− ---
5412+ pandoc chem.bib -s -f biblatex -t markdown
3978− nocite: |
5413+ pandoc chem.json -s -f csljson -t markdown
3982− @item3
5415+Indeed, `pandoc` can convert between any of these
3984−In this example, the document will contain a citation for `item3`
5418+ pandoc chem.bib -s -f biblatex -t csljson
3985−only, but the bibliography will contain entries for `item1`, `item2`, and
5419+ pandoc chem.yaml -s -f markdown -t biblatex
3988−It is possible to create a bibliography with all the citations,
5421+Running pandoc on a bibliography file with the `--citeproc`
3989−whether or not they appear in the document, by using a wildcard:
5422+option will create a formatted bibliography in the format
3991− ---
5425+ pandoc chem.bib -s --citeproc -o chem.html
3992− nocite: |
5426+ pandoc chem.bib -s --citeproc -o chem.pdf
3996−For LaTeX output, you can also use [`natbib`] or [`biblatex`] to
5428+### Capitalization in titles
3997−render the bibliography. In order to do so, specify bibliography
3998−files as outlined above, and add `--natbib` or `--biblatex`
3999−argument to `pandoc` invocation. Bear in mind that bibliography
4000−files have to be in respective format (either BibTeX or
4003−For more information, see the [pandoc-citeproc man page].
5430+If you are using a bibtex or biblatex bibliography, then observe
5431+the following rules:
4005−[CSL markup specs]: http://docs.citationstyles.org/en/1.0/release-notes.html#rich-text-markup-within-fields
5433+ - English titles should be in title case. Non-English titles should
4006−[Chicago Manual of Style]: http://chicagomanualofstyle.org
5434+ be in sentence case, and the `langid` field in biblatex should be
4007−[Citation Style Language]: http://citationstyles.org
5435+ set to the relevant language. (The following values are treated
4008−[Zotero Style Repository]: https://www.zotero.org/styles
5436+ as English: `american`, `british`, `canadian`, `english`,
4009−[finding and editing styles]: https://citationstyles.org/authors/
5437+ `australian`, `newzealand`, `USenglish`, or `UKenglish`.)
4010−[CSL locale files]: https://github.com/citation-style-language/locales
4011−[pandoc-citeproc man page]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc-citeproc/blob/master/man/pandoc-citeproc.1.md
4013−Non-pandoc extensions
5439+ - As is standard with bibtex/biblatex, proper names should be
4014−---------------------
5440+ protected with curly braces so that they won't be lowercased
5441+ in styles that call for sentence case. For example:
4016−The following Markdown syntax extensions are not enabled by default
5443+ title = {My Dinner with {Andre}}
4017−in pandoc, but may be enabled by adding `+EXTENSION` to the format
4018−name, where `EXTENSION` is the name of the extension. Thus, for
4019−example, `markdown+hard_line_breaks` is Markdown with hard line breaks.
4021−#### Extension: `old_dashes` ####
5445+ - In addition, words that should remain lowercase (or camelCase)
5446+ should be protected:
4023−Selects the pandoc <= 1.8.2.1 behavior for parsing smart dashes:
5448+ title = {Spin Wave Dispersion on the {nm} Scale}
4024−`-` before a numeral is an en-dash, and `--` is an em-dash.
4025−This option only has an effect if `smart` is enabled. It is
4026−selected automatically for `textile` input.
4028−#### Extension: `angle_brackets_escapable` ####
5450+ Though this is not necessary in bibtex/biblatex, it is necessary
5451+ with citeproc, which stores titles internally in sentence case,
5452+ and converts to title case in styles that require it. Here we
5453+ protect "nm" so that it doesn't get converted to "Nm" at this stage.
4030−Allow `<` and `>` to be backslash-escaped, as they can be in
5455+If you are using a CSL bibliography (either JSON or YAML), then observe
4031−GitHub flavored Markdown but not original Markdown. This is
5456+the following rules:
4032−implied by pandoc's default `all_symbols_escapable`.
4034−#### Extension: `lists_without_preceding_blankline` ####
5458+ - All titles should be in sentence case.
4036−Allow a list to occur right after a paragraph, with no intervening
5460+ - Use the `language` field for non-English titles to prevent their
4037−blank space.
5461+ conversion to title case in styles that call for this. (Conversion
5462+ happens only if `language` begins with `en` or is left empty.)
4039−#### Extension: `four_space_rule` ####
5464+ - Protect words that should not be converted to title case using
4041−Selects the pandoc <= 2.0 behavior for parsing lists, so that
5467+ Spin wave dispersion on the <span class="nocase">nm</span> scale
4042−four spaces indent are needed for list item continuation
4045−#### Extension: `spaced_reference_links` ####
5469+### Conference Papers, Published vs. Unpublished
4047−Allow whitespace between the two components of a reference link,
5471+For a formally published conference paper, use the biblatex entry type
4048−for example,
5472+`inproceedings` (which will be mapped to CSL `paper-conference`).
4050− [foo] [bar].
5474+For an unpublished manuscript, use the biblatex entry type
5475+`unpublished` without an `eventtitle` field (this entry type
5476+will be mapped to CSL `manuscript`).
4052−#### Extension: `hard_line_breaks` ####
5478+For a talk, an unpublished conference paper, or a poster
5479+presentation, use the biblatex entry type `unpublished` with an
5480+`eventtitle` field (this entry type will be mapped to CSL
5481+`speech`). Use the biblatex `type` field to indicate the type,
5482+e.g. "Paper", or "Poster". `venue` and `eventdate` may be useful
5483+too, though `eventdate` will not be rendered by most CSL styles.
5484+Note that `venue` is for the event's venue, unlike `location`
5485+which describes the publisher's location; do not use the latter
5486+for an unpublished conference paper.
4054−Causes all newlines within a paragraph to be interpreted as hard line
4055−breaks instead of spaces.
4057−#### Extension: `ignore_line_breaks` ####
5489+## Specifying a citation style
4059−Causes newlines within a paragraph to be ignored, rather than being
5491+Citations and references can be formatted using any style supported by the
4060−treated as spaces or as hard line breaks. This option is intended for
5492+[Citation Style Language], listed in the [Zotero Style Repository].
4061−use with East Asian languages where spaces are not used between words,
5493+These files are specified using the `--csl` option or the `csl`
4062−but text is divided into lines for readability.
5494+(or `citation-style`) metadata field. By default, pandoc will
5495+use the [Chicago Manual of Style] author-date format. (You can
5496+override this default by copying a CSL style of your choice
5497+to `default.csl` in your user data directory.)
5498+The CSL project provides further information on [finding and
5501+The `--citation-abbreviations` option (or the
5502+`citation-abbreviations` metadata field) may be used to specify
5503+a JSON file containing abbreviations of journals that should be
5504+used in formatted bibliographies when `form="short"` is
5505+specified. The format of the file can be illustrated with an
4064−#### Extension: `east_asian_line_breaks` ####
4066−Causes newlines within a paragraph to be ignored, rather than
5509+ { "default": {
4067−being treated as spaces or as hard line breaks, when they occur
5510+ "container-title": {
4068−between two East Asian wide characters. This is a better choice
5511+ "Lloyd's Law Reports": "Lloyd's Rep",
4069−than `ignore_line_breaks` for texts that include a mix of East
5512+ "Estates Gazette": "EG",
4070−Asian wide characters and other characters.
5513+ "Scots Law Times": "SLT"
4072−#### Extension: `emoji` ####
4074−Parses textual emojis like `:smile:` as Unicode emoticons.
5519+## Citations in note styles
4076−#### Extension: `tex_math_single_backslash` ####
5521+Pandoc's citation processing is designed to allow you to
5522+move between author-date, numerical, and note styles without
5523+modifying the markdown source. When you're using a note
5524+style, avoid inserting footnotes manually. Instead, insert
5525+citations just as you would in an author-date style---for
4078−Causes anything between `\(` and `\)` to be interpreted as inline
5528+ Blah blah [@foo, p. 33].
4079−TeX math, and anything between `\[` and `\]` to be interpreted
4080−as display TeX math. Note: a drawback of this extension is that
4081−it precludes escaping `(` and `[`.
4083−#### Extension: `tex_math_double_backslash` ####
5530+The footnote will be created automatically. Pandoc will take
5531+care of removing the space and moving the note before or
5532+after the period, depending on the setting of
5533+`notes-after-punctuation`, as described below in [Other relevant
4085−Causes anything between `\\(` and `\\)` to be interpreted as inline
5536+In some cases you may need to put a citation inside a regular
4086−TeX math, and anything between `\\[` and `\\]` to be interpreted
5537+footnote. Normal citations in footnotes (such as `[@foo, p.
4087−as display TeX math.
5538+33]`) will be rendered in parentheses. In-text citations (such
5539+as `@foo [p. 33]`) will be rendered without parentheses. (A
5540+comma will be added if appropriate.) Thus:
4089−#### Extension: `markdown_attribute` ####
5542+ [^1]: Some studies [@foo; @bar, p. 33] show that
5543+ frubulicious zoosnaps are quantical. For a survey
5544+ of the literature, see @baz [chap. 1].
4091−By default, pandoc interprets material inside block-level tags as Markdown.
5546+## Raw content in a style
4092−This extension changes the behavior so that Markdown is only parsed
4093−inside block-level tags if the tags have the attribute `markdown=1`.
4095−#### Extension: `mmd_title_block` ####
5548+To include raw content in a prefix, suffix, delimiter, or term,
5549+surround it with these tags indicating the format:
4097−Enables a [MultiMarkdown] style title block at the top of
5551+ {{jats}}<ref>{{/jats}}
4098−the document, for example:
4100− Title: My title
5553+Without the tags, the string will be interpreted as a string
4101− Author: John Doe
5554+and escaped in the output, rather than being passed through raw.
4102− Date: September 1, 2008
4103− Comment: This is a sample mmd title block, with
4104− a field spanning multiple lines.
4106−See the MultiMarkdown documentation for details. If `pandoc_title_block` or
5556+This feature allows stylesheets to be customized to give
4107−`yaml_metadata_block` is enabled, it will take precedence over
5557+different output for different output formats. However,
4108−`mmd_title_block`.
5558+stylesheets customized in this way will not be usable
5559+by other CSL implementations.
4110−#### Extension: `abbreviations` ####
4112−Parses PHP Markdown Extra abbreviation keys, like
4114− *[HTML]: Hypertext Markup Language
5563+## Placement of the bibliography
4116−Note that the pandoc document model does not support
5565+If the style calls for a list of works cited, it will be placed
4117−abbreviations, so if this extension is enabled, abbreviation keys are
5566+in a div with id `refs`, if one exists:
4118−simply skipped (as opposed to being parsed as paragraphs).
4120−#### Extension: `autolink_bare_uris` ####
5568+ ::: {#refs}
4122−Makes all absolute URIs into links, even when not surrounded by
5571+Otherwise, it will be placed at the end of the document.
4123−pointy braces `<...>`.
5572+Generation of the bibliography can be suppressed by setting
5573+`suppress-bibliography: true` in the YAML metadata.
4125−#### Extension: `mmd_link_attributes` ####
5575+If you wish the bibliography to have a section heading, you can
5576+set `reference-section-title` in the metadata, or put the heading
5577+at the beginning of the div with id `refs` (if you are using it)
5578+or at the end of your document:
4127−Parses multimarkdown style key-value attributes on link
5580+ last paragraph...
4128−and image references. This extension should not be confused with the
4129−[`link_attributes`](#extension-link_attributes) extension.
4131− This is a reference ![image][ref] with multimarkdown attributes.
5582+ # References
4133− [ref]: http://path.to/image "Image title" width=20px height=30px
5584+The bibliography will be inserted after this heading. Note that
4134− id=myId class="myClass1 myClass2"
5585+the `unnumbered` class will be added to this heading, so that the
5586+section will not be numbered.
4136−#### Extension: `mmd_header_identifiers` ####
5588+## Including uncited items in the bibliography
4138−Parses multimarkdown style header identifiers (in square brackets,
5590+If you want to include items in the bibliography without actually
4139−after the header but before any trailing `#`s in an ATX header).
5591+citing them in the body text, you can define a dummy `nocite` metadata
5592+field and put the citations there:
4141−#### Extension: `compact_definition_lists` ####
5594+ ---
4143−Activates the definition list syntax of pandoc 1.12.x and earlier.
5599+ @item3
4144−This syntax differs from the one described above under [Definition lists]
4145−in several respects:
4147− - No blank line is required between consecutive items of the
5601+In this example, the document will contain a citation for `item3`
4148− definition list.
5602+only, but the bibliography will contain entries for `item1`, `item2`, and
4149− - To get a "tight" or "compact" list, omit space between consecutive
5603+`item3`.
4150− items; the space between a term and its definition does not affect
4152− - Lazy wrapping of paragraphs is not allowed: the entire definition must
4153− be indented four spaces.[^6]
4155−[^6]: To see why laziness is incompatible with relaxing the requirement
5605+It is possible to create a bibliography with all the citations,
4156− of a blank line between items, consider the following example:
5606+whether or not they appear in the document, by using a wildcard:
4159− : definition
5609+ nocite: |
4161− : definition
5611+ ...
4163− Is this a single list item with two definitions of "bar," the first of
5613+For LaTeX output, you can also use [`natbib`] or [`biblatex`] to
4164− which is lazily wrapped, or two list items? To remove the ambiguity
5614+render the bibliography. In order to do so, specify bibliography
4165− we must either disallow lazy wrapping or require a blank line between
5615+files as outlined above, and add `--natbib` or `--biblatex`
4166− list items.
5616+argument to `pandoc` invocation. Bear in mind that bibliography
5617+files have to be in either BibTeX (for `--natbib`)
5618+or BibLaTeX (for `--biblatex`) format.
4168−Markdown variants
5620+## Other relevant metadata fields
4171−In addition to pandoc's extended Markdown, the following Markdown
5622+A few other metadata fields affect bibliography formatting:
4172−variants are supported:
4174−`markdown_phpextra` (PHP Markdown Extra)
5624+`link-citations`
4175−: `footnotes`, `pipe_tables`, `raw_html`, `markdown_attribute`,
5625+: If true, citations will be
4176− `fenced_code_blocks`, `definition_lists`, `intraword_underscores`,
5626+ hyperlinked to the corresponding bibliography entries
4177− `header_attributes`, `link_attributes`, `abbreviations`,
5627+ (for author-date and numerical styles only).
4178− `shortcut_reference_links`, `spaced_reference_links`.
5628+
4180−`markdown_github` (deprecated GitHub-Flavored Markdown)
5630+: The `lang` field will affect how the style is localized,
4181−: `pipe_tables`, `raw_html`, `fenced_code_blocks`, `gfm_auto_identifiers`,
5631+ for example in the translation of labels, the use
4182− `ascii_identifiers`, `backtick_code_blocks`, `autolink_bare_uris`,
5632+ of quotation marks, and the way items are sorted.
4183− `space_in_atx_header`, `intraword_underscores`, `strikeout`,
5633+ (For backwards compatibility, `locale` may be used instead
4184− `emoji`, `shortcut_reference_links`, `angle_brackets_escapable`,
5634+ of `lang`, but this use is deprecated.)
4185− `lists_without_preceding_blankline`.
5635+
4186−
5636+ A BCP 47 language tag is expected: for example, `en`,
4187−`markdown_mmd` (MultiMarkdown)
5637+ `de`, `en-US`, `fr-CA`, `ug-Cyrl`. The unicode extension
4188−: `pipe_tables`, `raw_html`, `markdown_attribute`, `mmd_link_attributes`,
5638+ syntax (after `-u-`) may be used to specify options for
4189− `tex_math_double_backslash`, `intraword_underscores`,
5639+ collation (sorting) more precisely. Here are some examples:
4190− `mmd_title_block`, `footnotes`, `definition_lists`,
5640+
4191− `all_symbols_escapable`, `implicit_header_references`,
5641+ - `zh-u-co-pinyin` -- Chinese with the Pinyin collation.
4192− `auto_identifiers`, `mmd_header_identifiers`,
5642+ - `es-u-co-trad` -- Spanish with the traditional collation
4193− `shortcut_reference_links`, `implicit_figures`,
5643+ (with `Ch` sorting after `C`).
4194− `superscript`, `subscript`, `backtick_code_blocks`,
5644+ - `fr-u-kb` -- French with "backwards" accent sorting
4195− `spaced_reference_links`, `raw_attribute`.
5645+ (with `coté` sorting after `côte`).
4196−
5646+ - `en-US-u-kf-upper` -- English with uppercase letters sorting
4197−`markdown_strict` (Markdown.pl)
5647+ before lower (default is lower before upper).
4198−: `raw_html`, `shortcut_reference_links`,
5648+
4199− `spaced_reference_links`.
5649+`notes-after-punctuation`
4200−
5650+: If true (the default), pandoc will put footnote citations
4201−We also support `commonmark` and `gfm` (GitHub-Flavored Markdown,
5651+ after following punctuation. For example, if the source
4202−which is implemented as a set of extensions on `commonmark`).
5652+ contains `blah blah [@jones99].`, the result will look like
4203−
5653+ `blah blah.[^1]`, with the note moved after the period and
4204−Note, however, that `commonmark` and `gfm` have limited support
5654+ the space collapsed. If false, the space will still be
4205−for extensions. Only those listed below (and `smart` and
5655+ collapsed, but the footnote will not be moved after the
4206−`raw_tex`) will work. The extensions can, however, all be
5656+ punctuation.
4207−individually disabled.
5657+
4208−Also, `raw_tex` only affects `gfm` output, not input.
5658+
4210−`gfm` (GitHub-Flavored Markdown)
4211−: `pipe_tables`, `raw_html`, `fenced_code_blocks`, `gfm_auto_identifiers`,
4212− `ascii_identifiers`, `backtick_code_blocks`, `autolink_bare_uris`,
4213− `intraword_underscores`, `strikeout`, `hard_line_breaks`, `emoji`,
4214− `shortcut_reference_links`, `angle_brackets_escapable`.
4216−Producing slide shows with pandoc
4217−=================================
4219You can use pandoc to produce an HTML + JavaScript slide presentation
5661You can use pandoc to produce an HTML + JavaScript slide presentation
4220that can be viewed via a web browser. There are five ways to do this,
5662that can be viewed via a web browser. There are five ways to do this,
@@ -4262,18 +5704,21 @@ To produce an HTML/JavaScript slide show, simply type
4263where `FORMAT` is either `s5`, `slidy`, `slideous`, `dzslides`, or `revealjs`.
5705where `FORMAT` is either `s5`, `slidy`, `slideous`, `dzslides`, or `revealjs`.
4265−For Slidy, Slideous, reveal.js, and S5, the file produced by pandoc with the
5707+For Slidy, Slideous, reveal.js, and S5, the file produced by
4266−`-s/--standalone` option embeds a link to JavaScript and CSS files, which are
5708+pandoc with the `-s/--standalone` option embeds a link to
5709+JavaScript and CSS files, which are assumed to be available at
4267−assumed to be available at the relative path `s5/default` (for S5), `slideous`
5710+the relative path `s5/default` (for S5), `slideous` (for
4268−(for Slideous), `reveal.js` (for reveal.js), or at the Slidy website at
5711+Slideous), `reveal.js` (for reveal.js), or at the Slidy website
4269−`w3.org` (for Slidy). (These paths can be changed by setting the `slidy-url`,
5712+at `w3.org` (for Slidy). (These paths can be changed by setting
5713+the `slidy-url`, `slideous-url`, `revealjs-url`, or `s5-url`
4270−`slideous-url`, `revealjs-url`, or `s5-url` variables; see [Variables for slides],
5714+variables; see [Variables for HTML slides], above.) For
4271−above.) For DZSlides, the (relatively short) JavaScript and CSS are included in
5715+DZSlides, the (relatively short) JavaScript and CSS are included
4272−the file by default.
5716+in the file by default.
4274−With all HTML slide formats, the `--self-contained` option can be used to
5718+With all HTML slide formats, the `--self-contained` option can
4275−produce a single file that contains all of the data necessary to display the
5719+be used to produce a single file that contains all of the data
5720+necessary to display the slide show, including linked scripts,
4276−slide show, including linked scripts, stylesheets, images, and videos.
5721+stylesheets, images, and videos.
4278To produce a PDF slide show using beamer, type
5723To produce a PDF slide show using beamer, type
@@ -4286,14 +5731,13 @@ To produce a Powerpoint slide show, type
4287 pandoc habits.txt -o habits.pptx
5732 pandoc habits.txt -o habits.pptx
4289−Structuring the slide show
5734+## Structuring the slide show
4290−--------------------------
4292−By default, the *slide level* is the highest header level in
5736+By default, the *slide level* is the highest heading level in
4293the hierarchy that is followed immediately by content, and not another
5737the hierarchy that is followed immediately by content, and not another
4294−header, somewhere in the document. In the example above, level 1 headers
5738+heading, somewhere in the document. In the example above, level-1 headings
4295−are always followed by level 2 headers, which are followed by content,
5739+are always followed by level-2 headings, which are followed by content,
4296−so 2 is the slide level. This default can be overridden using
5740+so the slide level is 2. This default can be overridden using
4297the `--slide-level` option.
5741the `--slide-level` option.
4299The document is carved up into slides according to the following
5743The document is carved up into slides according to the following
@@ -4301,17 +5745,21 @@ rules:
4302 * A horizontal rule always starts a new slide.
5746 * A horizontal rule always starts a new slide.
4304− * A header at the slide level always starts a new slide.
5748+ * A heading at the slide level always starts a new slide.
4306− * Headers *below* the slide level in the hierarchy create
5750+ * Headings *below* the slide level in the hierarchy create
4307− headers *within* a slide.
5751+ headings *within* a slide. (In beamer, a "block" will be
5752+ created. If the heading has the class `example`, an
5753+ `exampleblock` environment will be used; if it has the class
5754+ `alert`, an `alertblock` will be used; otherwise a regular
5755+ `block` will be used.)
4309− * Headers *above* the slide level in the hierarchy create
5757+ * Headings *above* the slide level in the hierarchy create
4310 "title slides," which just contain the section title
5758 "title slides," which just contain the section title
4311 and help to break the slide show into sections.
5759 and help to break the slide show into sections.
4312−
5760+ Non-slide content under these headings will be included
4313− * Content *above* the slide level will not appear in the slide
5761+ on the title slide (for HTML slide shows) or in a
4314− show.
5762+ subsequent slide with the same title (for beamer).
4316 * A title page is constructed automatically from the document's title
5764 * A title page is constructed automatically from the document's title
4317 block, if present. (In the case of beamer, this can be disabled
5765 block, if present. (In the case of beamer, this can be disabled
@@ -4319,17 +5767,16 @@ rules:
4320These rules are designed to support many different styles of slide show. If
5768These rules are designed to support many different styles of slide show. If
4321you don't care about structuring your slides into sections and subsections,
5769you don't care about structuring your slides into sections and subsections,
4322−you can just use level 1 headers for all each slide. (In that case, level 1
5770+you can just use level-1 headings for all each slide. (In that case, level-1
4323will be the slide level.) But you can also structure the slide show into
5771will be the slide level.) But you can also structure the slide show into
4324sections, as in the example above.
5772sections, as in the example above.
4326Note: in reveal.js slide shows, if slide level is 2, a two-dimensional
5774Note: in reveal.js slide shows, if slide level is 2, a two-dimensional
4327−layout will be produced, with level 1 headers building horizontally
5775+layout will be produced, with level-1 headings building horizontally
4328−and level 2 headers building vertically. It is not recommended that
5776+and level-2 headings building vertically. It is not recommended that
4329you use deeper nesting of section levels with reveal.js.
5777you use deeper nesting of section levels with reveal.js.
4331−Incremental lists
5779+## Incremental lists
4334By default, these writers produce lists that display "all at once."
5781By default, these writers produce lists that display "all at once."
4335If you want your lists to display incrementally (one item at a time),
5782If you want your lists to display incrementally (one item at a time),
@@ -4367,8 +5814,10 @@ option):
4367Both methods allow incremental and nonincremental lists to be mixed
5814Both methods allow incremental and nonincremental lists to be mixed
4368in a single document.
5815in a single document.
5817+Note: Neither the `-i/--incremental` option nor any of the
5818+methods described here currently works for PowerPoint output.
4370−Inserting pauses
5820+## Inserting pauses
4373You can add "pauses" within a slide by including a paragraph containing
5822You can add "pauses" within a slide by including a paragraph containing
4374three dots, separated by spaces:
5823three dots, separated by spaces:
@@ -4381,8 +5830,9 @@ three dots, separated by spaces:
4382 content after the pause
5831 content after the pause
5833+Note: this feature is not yet implemented for PowerPoint output.
4384−Styling the slides
5835+## Styling the slides
4387You can change the style of HTML slides by putting customized CSS files
5837You can change the style of HTML slides by putting customized CSS files
4388in `$DATADIR/s5/default` (for S5), `$DATADIR/slidy` (for Slidy),
5838in `$DATADIR/s5/default` (for S5), `$DATADIR/slidy` (for Slidy),
@@ -4407,9 +5857,9 @@ To style beamer slides, you can specify a `theme`, `colortheme`,
4408 pandoc -t beamer habits.txt -V theme:Warsaw -o habits.pdf
5858 pandoc -t beamer habits.txt -V theme:Warsaw -o habits.pdf
4410−Note that header attributes will turn into slide attributes
5860+Note that heading attributes will turn into slide attributes
4411(on a `<div>` or `<section>`) in HTML slide formats, allowing you
5861(on a `<div>` or `<section>`) in HTML slide formats, allowing you
4412−to style individual slides. In beamer, the only header attribute
5862+to style individual slides. In beamer, the only heading attribute
4413that affects slides is the `allowframebreaks` class, which sets the
5863that affects slides is the `allowframebreaks` class, which sets the
4414`allowframebreaks` option, causing multiple slides to be created
5864`allowframebreaks` option, causing multiple slides to be created
4415if the content overfills the frame. This is recommended especially for
5865if the content overfills the frame. This is recommended especially for
@@ -4417,8 +5867,7 @@ bibliographies:
4418 # References {.allowframebreaks}
5868 # References {.allowframebreaks}
4420−Speaker notes
5870+## Speaker notes
4423Speaker notes are supported in reveal.js and PowerPoint (pptx)
5872Speaker notes are supported in reveal.js and PowerPoint (pptx)
4424output. You can add notes to your Markdown document thus:
5873output. You can add notes to your Markdown document thus:
@@ -4439,8 +5888,7 @@ in handouts and presenter view.
4439Notes are not yet supported for other slide formats, but the notes
5888Notes are not yet supported for other slide formats, but the notes
4440will not appear on the slides themselves.
5889will not appear on the slides themselves.
4442−Columns
5891+## Columns
4445To put material in side by side columns, you can use a native
5893To put material in side by side columns, you can use a native
4446div container with class `columns`, containing two or more div
5894div container with class `columns`, containing two or more div
@@ -4455,12 +5903,46 @@ containers with class `column` and a `width` attribute:
4456 ::::::::::::::
5904 ::::::::::::::
5906+### Additional columns attributes in beamer
5908+The div containers with classes `columns` and `column` can optionally have
5909+an `align` attribute.
5910+The class `columns` can optionally have a `totalwidth` attribute or an
5911+`onlytextwidth` class.
5913+ :::::::::::::: {.columns align=center totalwidth=8em}
5914+ ::: {.column width="40%"}
5917+ ::: {.column width="60%" align=bottom}
5922+The `align` attributes on `columns` and `column` can be used with the
5923+values `top`, `top-baseline`, `center` and `bottom` to vertically align
5924+the columns. It defaults to `top` in `columns`.
5926+The `totalwidth` attribute limits the width of the columns to the given value.
5928+ :::::::::::::: {.columns align=top .onlytextwidth}
5929+ ::: {.column width="40%" align=center}
5932+ ::: {.column width="60%"}
5937+The class `onlytextwidth` sets the `totalwidth` to `\textwidth`.
5939+See Section 12.7 of the [Beamer User's Guide] for more details.
4458−Frame attributes in beamer
5941+## Frame attributes in beamer
4459−--------------------------
4461Sometimes it is necessary to add the LaTeX `[fragile]` option to
5943Sometimes it is necessary to add the LaTeX `[fragile]` option to
4462a frame in beamer (for example, when using the `minted` environment).
5944a frame in beamer (for example, when using the `minted` environment).
4463−This can be forced by adding the `fragile` class to the header
5945+This can be forced by adding the `fragile` class to the heading
4464introducing the slide:
5946introducing the slide:
4466 # Fragile slide {.fragile}
5948 # Fragile slide {.fragile}
@@ -4470,10 +5952,9 @@ the [Beamer User's Guide] may also be used: `allowdisplaybreaks`,
4470`allowframebreaks`, `b`, `c`, `t`, `environment`, `label`, `plain`,
5952`allowframebreaks`, `b`, `c`, `t`, `environment`, `label`, `plain`,
4471`shrink`, `standout`, `noframenumbering`.
5953`shrink`, `standout`, `noframenumbering`.
4473−Background in reveal.js and beamer
5955+## Background in reveal.js and beamer
4474−----------------------------------
4476−Background images can be added to self-contained reveal.js slideshows and
5957+Background images can be added to self-contained reveal.js slideshows and
4477to beamer slideshows.
5958to beamer slideshows.
4479For the same image on every slide, use the configuration
5960For the same image on every slide, use the configuration
@@ -4481,14 +5962,14 @@ option `background-image` either in the YAML metadata block
4481or as a command-line variable. (There are no other options in
5962or as a command-line variable. (There are no other options in
4482beamer and the rest of this section concerns reveal.js slideshows.)
5963beamer and the rest of this section concerns reveal.js slideshows.)
4484−For reveal.js, you can instead use the reveal.js-native option
5965+For reveal.js, you can instead use the reveal.js-native option
4485−`parallaxBackgroundImage`. You can also set `parallaxBackgroundHorizontal`
5966+`parallaxBackgroundImage`. You can also set `parallaxBackgroundHorizontal`
4486−and `parallaxBackgroundVertical` the same way and must also set
5967+and `parallaxBackgroundVertical` the same way and must also set
4487`parallaxBackgroundSize` to have your values take effect.
5968`parallaxBackgroundSize` to have your values take effect.
4489To set an image for a particular reveal.js slide, add
5970To set an image for a particular reveal.js slide, add
4490`{data-background-image="/path/to/image"}`
5971`{data-background-image="/path/to/image"}`
4491−to the first slide-level header on the slide (which may even be empty).
5972+to the first slide-level heading on the slide (which may even be empty).
4493In reveal.js's overview mode, the parallaxBackgroundImage will show up
5974In reveal.js's overview mode, the parallaxBackgroundImage will show up
4494only on the first slide.
5975only on the first slide.
@@ -4497,9 +5978,12 @@ Other reveal.js background settings also work on individual slides, including
4497`data-background-size`, `data-background-repeat`, `data-background-color`,
5978`data-background-size`, `data-background-repeat`, `data-background-color`,
4498`data-transition`, and `data-transition-speed`.
5979`data-transition`, and `data-transition-speed`.
4500−See the [reveal.js
5981+To add a background image to the automatically generated title slide, use the
5982+`title-slide-attributes` variable in the YAML metadata block. It must contain
5983+a map of attribute names and values.
4501−documentation](https://github.com/hakimel/reveal.js#slide-backgrounds)
5985+See the [reveal.js documentation](https://revealjs.com/backgrounds/) for more
4502−for more details.
5986+details.
4504For example in reveal.js:
5988For example in reveal.js:
@@ -4507,6 +5991,9 @@ For example in reveal.js:
4508title: My Slideshow
5992title: My Slideshow
4509parallaxBackgroundImage: /path/to/my/background_image.png
5993parallaxBackgroundImage: /path/to/my/background_image.png
5994+title-slide-attributes:
5995+ data-background-image: /path/to/title_image.png
5996+ data-background-size: contain
4512## Slide One
5999## Slide One
@@ -4515,14 +6002,12 @@ Slide 1 has background_image.png as its background.
4516## {data-background-image="/path/to/special_image.jpg"}
6003## {data-background-image="/path/to/special_image.jpg"}
4518−Slide 2 has a special image for its background, even though the header has no content.
6005+Slide 2 has a special image for its background, even though the heading has no content.
4521−Creating EPUBs with pandoc
6008+# EPUBs
4522−==========================
4524−EPUB Metadata
6010+## EPUB Metadata
4527EPUB metadata may be specified using the `--epub-metadata` option, but
6012EPUB metadata may be specified using the `--epub-metadata` option, but
4528if the source document is Markdown, it is better to use a [YAML metadata
6013if the source document is Markdown, it is better to use a [YAML metadata
@@ -4600,11 +6085,20 @@ The following fields are recognized:
4602 ~ A string value.
6087 ~ A string value.
6089+`belongs-to-collection`
6090+ ~ A string value. identifies the name of a collection to which
6091+ the EPUB Publication belongs.
6094+ ~ The `group-position` field indicates the numeric position in which
6095+ the EPUB Publication belongs relative to other works belonging to
6096+ the same `belongs-to-collection` field.
4604`cover-image`
6098`cover-image`
4605 ~ A string value (path to cover image).
6099 ~ A string value (path to cover image).
4607−`stylesheet`
6101+`css` (or legacy: `stylesheet`)
4608 ~ A string value (path to CSS stylesheet).
6102 ~ A string value (path to CSS stylesheet).
4610`page-progression-direction`
6104`page-progression-direction`
@@ -4621,15 +6115,14 @@ The following fields are recognized:
4621 - `binding`: `true`|`false` (default `true`)
6115 - `binding`: `true`|`false` (default `true`)
4622 - `scroll-axis`: `vertical`|`horizontal`|`default`
6116 - `scroll-axis`: `vertical`|`horizontal`|`default`
4624−[MARC relators]: http://loc.gov/marc/relators/relaterm.html
6118+[MARC relators]: https://loc.gov/marc/relators/relaterm.html
4625[`spine` element]: http://idpf.org/epub/301/spec/epub-publications.html#sec-spine-elem
6119[`spine` element]: http://idpf.org/epub/301/spec/epub-publications.html#sec-spine-elem
4627−The `epub:type` attribute
6121+## The `epub:type` attribute
4628−-------------------------
4630−You can mark up the header that corresponds to an EPUB chapter using the
6123+For `epub3` output, you can mark up the heading that corresponds to an EPUB
4631−[`epub:type` attribute][epub-type]. For example, to set the attribute
6124+chapter using the [`epub:type` attribute][epub-type]. For example, to set
4632−to the value `prologue`, use this markdown:
6125+the attribute to the value `prologue`, use this markdown:
4634 # My chapter {epub:type=prologue}
6127 # My chapter {epub:type=prologue}
@@ -4650,22 +6143,26 @@ abstract frontmatter
4650acknowledgments frontmatter
6143acknowledgments frontmatter
4651copyright-page frontmatter
6144copyright-page frontmatter
4652dedication frontmatter
6145dedication frontmatter
6147+keywords frontmatter
6149+contributors frontmatter
6150+other-credits frontmatter
6152+revision-history frontmatter
6153+titlepage frontmatter
6154+halftitlepage frontmatter
6155+seriespage frontmatter
4653foreword frontmatter
6156foreword frontmatter
4654−halftitle, frontmatter
4655−introduction frontmatter
4656preface frontmatter
6157preface frontmatter
4657−seriespage frontmatter
4658−titlepage frontmatter
4659−afterword backmatter
4660appendix backmatter
6158appendix backmatter
4661colophon backmatter
6159colophon backmatter
4662−conclusion backmatter
6160+bibliography backmatter
4663−epigraph backmatter
6161+index backmatter
4665[epub-type]: http://www.idpf.org/epub/31/spec/epub-contentdocs.html#sec-epub-type-attribute
6163[epub-type]: http://www.idpf.org/epub/31/spec/epub-contentdocs.html#sec-epub-type-attribute
4667−Linked media
6165+## Linked media
4670By default, pandoc will download media referenced from any `<img>`, `<audio>`,
6167By default, pandoc will download media referenced from any `<img>`, `<audio>`,
4671`<video>` or `<source>` element present in the generated EPUB,
6168`<video>` or `<source>` element present in the generated EPUB,
@@ -4675,13 +6172,137 @@ instead, use raw HTML in your source and add `data-external="1"` to the tag
4675with the `src` attribute. For example:
6172with the `src` attribute. For example:
4677 <audio controls="1">
6174 <audio controls="1">
4678− <source src="http://example.com/music/toccata.mp3"
6175+ <source src="https://example.com/music/toccata.mp3"
4679 data-external="1" type="audio/mpeg">
6176 data-external="1" type="audio/mpeg">
4680 </source>
6177 </source>
4681 </audio>
6178 </audio>
6182+When creating a [Jupyter notebook], pandoc will try to infer the
6183+notebook structure. Code blocks with the class `code` will be
6184+taken as code cells, and intervening content will be taken as
6185+Markdown cells. Attachments will automatically be created for
6186+images in Markdown cells. Metadata will be taken from the
6187+`jupyter` metadata field. For example:
6196+ display_name: Python 2
6203+ file_extension: ".py"
6204+ mimetype: "text/x-python"
6206+ nbconvert_exporter: "python"
6207+ pygments_lexer: "ipython2"
6213+**Lorem ipsum** dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nunc luctus
6214+bibendum felis dictum sodales.
6223+from IPython.display import HTML
6226+console.log("hello");
6234+This image  will be
6235+included as a cell attachment.
6238+If you want to add cell attributes, group cells differently, or
6239+add output to code cells, then you need to include divs to
6240+indicate the structure. You can use either [fenced
6241+divs][Extension: `fenced_divs`] or [native divs][Extension:
6242+`native_divs`] for this. Here is an example:
6245+:::::: {.cell .markdown}
6248+**Lorem ipsum** dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nunc luctus
6249+bibendum felis dictum sodales.
6252+:::::: {.cell .code execution_count=1}
6257+::: {.output .stream .stdout}
6264+:::::: {.cell .code execution_count=2}
6266+from IPython.display import HTML
6269+console.log("hello");
6275+::: {.output .execute_result execution_count=2}
6278+console.log("hello");
6287+If you include raw HTML or TeX in an output cell, use the
6288+[raw attribute][Extension: `fenced_attribute`], as shown
6289+in the last cell of the example above. Although pandoc can
6290+process "bare" raw HTML and TeX, the result is often
6291+interspersed raw elements and normal textual elements, and
6292+in an output cell pandoc expects a single, connected raw
6293+block. To avoid using raw HTML or TeX except when
6294+marked explicitly using raw attributes, we recommend
6295+specifying the extensions `-raw_html-raw_tex+raw_attribute` when
6296+translating between Markdown and ipynb notebooks.
6298+Note that options and extensions that affect reading and
6299+writing of Markdown will also affect Markdown cells in ipynb
6300+notebooks. For example, `--wrap=preserve` will preserve
6301+soft line breaks in Markdown cells; `--atx-headers` will
6302+cause ATX-style headings to be used; and `--preserve-tabs` will
6303+prevent tabs from being turned to spaces.
4683−Syntax highlighting
6305+# Syntax highlighting
4686Pandoc will automatically highlight syntax in [fenced code blocks] that
6307Pandoc will automatically highlight syntax in [fenced code blocks] that
4687are marked with a language name. The Haskell library [skylighting] is
6308are marked with a language name. The Haskell library [skylighting] is
@@ -4709,7 +6330,7 @@ Then edit `my.theme` and use it like this:
4709If you are not satisfied with the built-in highlighting, or you
6330If you are not satisfied with the built-in highlighting, or you
4710want highlight a language that isn't supported, you can use the
6331want highlight a language that isn't supported, you can use the
4711`--syntax-definition` option to load a [KDE-style XML syntax definition
6332`--syntax-definition` option to load a [KDE-style XML syntax definition
4712−file](https://docs.kde.org/stable5/en/applications/katepart/highlight.html).
6333+file](https://docs.kde.org/stable5/en/kate/katepart/highlight.html).
4713Before writing your own, have a look at KDE's [repository of syntax
6334Before writing your own, have a look at KDE's [repository of syntax
4714definitions](https://github.com/KDE/syntax-highlighting/tree/master/data/syntax).
6335definitions](https://github.com/KDE/syntax-highlighting/tree/master/data/syntax).
@@ -4717,11 +6338,58 @@ To disable highlighting, use the `--no-highlight` option.
4718[skylighting]: https://github.com/jgm/skylighting
6339[skylighting]: https://github.com/jgm/skylighting
4720−Custom Styles in Docx
6341+# Custom Styles
4721−=====================
6342+
6343+Custom styles can be used in the docx and ICML formats.
6347+By default, pandoc's docx and ICML output applies a predefined set of styles
6348+for blocks such as paragraphs and block quotes, and uses largely default
6349+formatting (italics, bold) for inlines. This will work for most
6350+purposes, especially alongside a `reference.docx` file. However, if you
6351+need to apply your own styles to blocks, or match a preexisting set of
6352+styles, pandoc allows you to define custom styles for blocks and text
6353+using `div`s and `span`s, respectively.
6355+If you define a `div` or `span` with the attribute `custom-style`,
6356+pandoc will apply your specified style to the contained elements (with
6357+the exception of elements whose function depends on a style, like
6358+headings, code blocks, block quotes, or links). So, for example, using
6359+the `bracketed_spans` syntax,
6361+ [Get out]{custom-style="Emphatically"}, he said.
6363+would produce a docx file with "Get out" styled with character
6364+style `Emphatically`. Similarly, using the `fenced_divs` syntax,
6366+ Dickinson starts the poem simply:
6368+ ::: {custom-style="Poetry"}
6369+ | A Bird came down the Walk---
6370+ | He did not know I saw---
6373+would style the two contained lines with the `Poetry` paragraph style.
6375+For docx output, styles will be defined in the output file as inheriting
6376+from normal text, if the styles are not yet in your reference.docx.
6377+If they are already defined, pandoc will not alter the definition.
6379+This feature allows for greatest customization in conjunction with
6380+[pandoc filters]. If you want all paragraphs after block quotes to be
6381+indented, you can write a filter to apply the styles necessary. If you
6382+want all italics to be transformed to the `Emphasis` character style
6383+(perhaps to change their color), you can write a filter which will
6384+transform all italicized inlines to inlines within an `Emphasis`
6385+custom-style `span`.
6387+For docx output, you don't need to enable any extensions for
6388+custom styles to work.
6390+[pandoc filters]: https://pandoc.org/filters.html
4726The docx reader, by default, only reads those styles that it can
6394The docx reader, by default, only reads those styles that it can
4727convert into pandoc elements, either by direct conversion or
6395convert into pandoc elements, either by direct conversion or
@@ -4750,17 +6418,17 @@ And with the extension:
4751 $ pandoc test/docx/custom-style-reference.docx -f docx+styles -t markdown
6419 $ pandoc test/docx/custom-style-reference.docx -f docx+styles -t markdown
4753− ::: {custom-style="FirstParagraph"}
6421+ ::: {custom-style="First Paragraph"}
4754 This is some text.
6422 This is some text.
4757− ::: {custom-style="BodyText"}
6425+ ::: {custom-style="Body Text"}
4758 This is text with an [emphasized]{custom-style="Emphatic"} text style.
6426 This is text with an [emphasized]{custom-style="Emphatic"} text style.
4759 And this is text with a [strengthened]{custom-style="Strengthened"}
6427 And this is text with a [strengthened]{custom-style="Strengthened"}
4760 text style.
6428 text style.
4763− ::: {custom-style="MyBlockStyle"}
6431+ ::: {custom-style="My Block Style"}
4764 > Here is a styled paragraph that inherits from Block Text.
6432 > Here is a styled paragraph that inherits from Block Text.
@@ -4768,75 +6436,85 @@ With these custom styles, you can use your input document as a
4768reference-doc while creating docx output (see below), and maintain the
6436reference-doc while creating docx output (see below), and maintain the
4769same styles in your input and output files.
6437same styles in your input and output files.
4774−By default, pandoc's docx output applies a predefined set of styles for
4775−blocks such as paragraphs and block quotes, and uses largely default
4776−formatting (italics, bold) for inlines. This will work for most
4777−purposes, especially alongside a `reference.docx` file. However, if you
4778−need to apply your own styles to blocks, or match a preexisting set of
4779−styles, pandoc allows you to define custom styles for blocks and text
4780−using `div`s and `span`s, respectively.
4782−If you define a `div` or `span` with the attribute `custom-style`,
4783−pandoc will apply your specified style to the contained elements. So,
4784−for example using the `bracketed_spans` syntax,
4786− [Get out]{custom-style="Emphatically"}, he said.
4788−would produce a docx file with "Get out" styled with character
4789−style `Emphatically`. Similarly, using the `fenced_divs` syntax,
4791− Dickinson starts the poem simply:
4793− ::: {custom-style="Poetry"}
4794− | A Bird came down the Walk---
4795− | He did not know I saw---
4798−would style the two contained lines with the `Poetry` paragraph style.
4800−If the styles are not yet in your reference.docx, they will be defined
4801−in the output file as inheriting from normal text. If they are already
4802−defined, pandoc will not alter the definition.
4804−This feature allows for greatest customization in conjunction with
4805−[pandoc filters]. If you want all paragraphs after block quotes to be
4806−indented, you can write a filter to apply the styles necessary. If you
4807−want all italics to be transformed to the `Emphasis` character style
4808−(perhaps to change their color), you can write a filter which will
4809−transform all italicized inlines to inlines within an `Emphasis`
4810−custom-style `span`.
4812−[pandoc filters]: http://pandoc.org/filters.html
4814−Custom writers
6439+# Custom writers
4817−Pandoc can be extended with custom writers written in [lua]. (Pandoc
6441+Pandoc can be extended with custom writers written in [Lua]. (Pandoc
4818−includes a lua interpreter, so lua need not be installed separately.)
6442+includes a Lua interpreter, so Lua need not be installed separately.)
4820−To use a custom writer, simply specify the path to the lua script
6444+To use a custom writer, simply specify the path to the Lua script
4821in place of the output format. For example:
6445in place of the output format. For example:
4823 pandoc -t data/sample.lua
6447 pandoc -t data/sample.lua
4825−Creating a custom writer requires writing a lua function for each
6449+Creating a custom writer requires writing a Lua function for each
4826possible element in a pandoc document. To get a documented example
6450possible element in a pandoc document. To get a documented example
4827which you can modify according to your needs, do
6451which you can modify according to your needs, do
4829 pandoc --print-default-data-file sample.lua
6453 pandoc --print-default-data-file sample.lua
6455+Note that custom writers have no default template. If you want
6456+to use `--standalone` with a custom writer, you will need to
6457+specify a template manually using `--template` or add a new
6458+default template with the name
6459+`default.NAME_OF_CUSTOM_WRITER.lua` to the `templates`
6460+subdirectory of your user data directory (see [Templates]).
4831−[lua]: http://www.lua.org
6462+[Lua]: https://www.lua.org
6464+# Reproducible builds
6466+Some of the document formats pandoc targets (such as EPUB,
6467+docx, and ODT) include build timestamps in the generated document.
6468+That means that the files generated on successive builds will
6469+differ, even if the source does not. To avoid this, set the
6470+`SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH` environment variable, and the timestamp will
6471+be taken from it instead of the current time.
6472+`SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH` should contain an integer unix timestamp
6473+(specifying the number of second since midnight UTC January 1, 1970).
6475+Some document formats also include a unique identifier. For
6476+EPUB, this can be set explicitly by setting the `identifier`
6477+metadata field (see [EPUB Metadata], above).
6479+# A note on security
6481+If you use pandoc to convert user-contributed content in a web
6482+application, here are some things to keep in mind:
6484+1. Although pandoc itself will not create or modify any files other
6485+ than those you explicitly ask it create (with the exception
6486+ of temporary files used in producing PDFs), a filter or custom
6487+ writer could in principle do anything on your file system. Please
6488+ audit filters and custom writers very carefully before using them.
6490+2. If your application uses pandoc as a Haskell library (rather than
6491+ shelling out to the executable), it is possible to use it in a mode
6492+ that fully isolates pandoc from your file system, by running the
6493+ pandoc operations in the `PandocPure` monad. See the document
6494+ [Using the pandoc API](https://pandoc.org/using-the-pandoc-api.html)
6497+3. Pandoc's parsers can exhibit pathological performance on some
6498+ corner cases. It is wise to put any pandoc operations under
6499+ a timeout, to avoid DOS attacks that exploit these issues.
6500+ If you are using the pandoc executable, you can add the
6501+ command line options `+RTS -M512M -RTS` (for example) to limit
6502+ the heap size to 512MB.
6504+4. The HTML generated by pandoc is not guaranteed to be safe.
6505+ If `raw_html` is enabled for the Markdown input, users can
6506+ inject arbitrary HTML. Even if `raw_html` is disabled,
6507+ users can include dangerous content in URLs and attributes.
6508+ To be safe, you should run all the generated HTML through
4833−Authors
6511+# Authors
4836−Copyright 2006-2017 John MacFarlane (jgm@berkeley.edu). Released
6513+Copyright 2006--2021 John MacFarlane (jgm@berkeley.edu). Released
4837under the [GPL], version 2 or greater. This software carries no
6514under the [GPL], version 2 or greater. This software carries no
4838warranty of any kind. (See COPYRIGHT for full copyright and
6515warranty of any kind. (See COPYRIGHT for full copyright and
4839warranty notices.) For a full list of contributors, see the file
6516warranty notices.) For a full list of contributors, see the file
4840AUTHORS.md in the pandoc source code.
6517AUTHORS.md in the pandoc source code.
4842−[GPL]: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html "GNU General Public License"
6519+[GPL]: https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html "GNU General Public License"
6520+[YAML]: https://yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html "YAML v1.2 Spec"