@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
2−title: Pandoc User's Guide
1+% Pandoc User's Guide
3−author: John MacFarlane
2+% John MacFarlane
4−date: June 20, 2021
3+% April 5, 2019
9`pandoc` [*options*] [*input-file*]...
8`pandoc` [*options*] [*input-file*]...
11−# Description
10+Description
13Pandoc is a [Haskell] library for converting from one markup format to
13Pandoc is a [Haskell] library for converting from one markup format to
14another, and a command-line tool that uses this library.
14another, and a command-line tool that uses this library.
@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ model. While conversions from pandoc's Markdown to all formats aspire
40to be perfect, conversions from formats more expressive than pandoc's
40to be perfect, conversions from formats more expressive than pandoc's
41Markdown can be expected to be lossy.
41Markdown can be expected to be lossy.
43−## Using pandoc
43+Using pandoc
45If no *input-files* are specified, input is read from *stdin*.
46If no *input-files* are specified, input is read from *stdin*.
46Output goes to *stdout* by default. For output to a file,
47Output goes to *stdout* by default. For output to a file,
@@ -61,7 +62,8 @@ If multiple input files are given, `pandoc` will concatenate them all (with
61blank lines between them) before parsing. (Use `--file-scope` to parse files
62blank lines between them) before parsing. (Use `--file-scope` to parse files
62individually.)
63individually.)
64−## Specifying formats
65+Specifying formats
66The format of the input and output can be specified explicitly using
68The format of the input and output can be specified explicitly using
67command-line options. The input format can be specified using the
69command-line options. The input format can be specified using the
@@ -93,7 +95,8 @@ If no input file is specified (so that input comes from *stdin*), or
93if the input files' extensions are unknown, the input format will
95if the input files' extensions are unknown, the input format will
94be assumed to be Markdown.
96be assumed to be Markdown.
96−## Character encoding
98+Character encoding
98Pandoc uses the UTF-8 character encoding for both input and output.
101Pandoc uses the UTF-8 character encoding for both input and output.
99If your local character encoding is not UTF-8, you
102If your local character encoding is not UTF-8, you
@@ -106,9 +109,10 @@ RTF, OPML, DocBook, and Texinfo), information about
106the character encoding is included in the document header, which
109the character encoding is included in the document header, which
107will only be included if you use the `-s/--standalone` option.
110will only be included if you use the `-s/--standalone` option.
109−[`iconv`]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/
112+[`iconv`]: http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/
111−## Creating a PDF
114+Creating a PDF
113To produce a PDF, specify an output file with a `.pdf` extension:
117To produce a PDF, specify an output file with a `.pdf` extension:
@@ -116,18 +120,17 @@ To produce a PDF, specify an output file with a `.pdf` extension:
117By default, pandoc will use LaTeX to create the PDF, which requires
121By default, pandoc will use LaTeX to create the PDF, which requires
118that a LaTeX engine be installed (see `--pdf-engine` below).
122that a LaTeX engine be installed (see `--pdf-engine` below).
119−Alternatively, pandoc can use ConTeXt, roff ms, or HTML as an
124+Alternatively, pandoc can use [ConTeXt], `pdfroff`, or any of the
125+following HTML/CSS-to-PDF-engines, to create a PDF: [`wkhtmltopdf`],
126+[`weasyprint`] or [`prince`].
120−intermediate format. To do this, specify an output file with a
127+To do this, specify an output file with a `.pdf` extension, as before,
121−`.pdf` extension, as before, but add the `--pdf-engine` option
128+but add the `--pdf-engine` option or `-t context`, `-t html`, or `-t ms`
122−or `-t context`, `-t html`, or `-t ms` to the command line.
129+to the command line (`-t html` defaults to `--pdf-engine=wkhtmltopdf`).
123−The tool used to generate the PDF from the intermediate format
130+
124−may be specified using `--pdf-engine`.
131+PDF output uses [variables for LaTeX] (with a LaTeX engine);
126−You can control the PDF style using variables, depending on
127−the intermediate format used: see [variables for LaTeX],
128−[variables for ConTeXt], [variables for `wkhtmltopdf`],
132+[variables for ConTeXt] (with ConTeXt); or [variables for `wkhtmltopdf`]
129−[variables for ms]. When HTML is used as an intermediate
133+(an HTML/CSS-to-PDF engine; `--css` also affects the output).
130−format, the output can be styled using `--css`.
132To debug the PDF creation, it can be useful to look at the intermediate
135To debug the PDF creation, it can be useful to look at the intermediate
133representation: instead of `-o test.pdf`, use for example `-s -o test.tex`
136representation: instead of `-o test.pdf`, use for example `-s -o test.tex`
@@ -136,32 +139,33 @@ to output the generated LaTeX. You can then test it with `pdflatex test.tex`.
136When using LaTeX, the following packages need to be available
139When using LaTeX, the following packages need to be available
137(they are included with all recent versions of [TeX Live]):
140(they are included with all recent versions of [TeX Live]):
138[`amsfonts`], [`amsmath`], [`lm`], [`unicode-math`],
141[`amsfonts`], [`amsmath`], [`lm`], [`unicode-math`],
139−[`iftex`], [`listings`] (if the
142+[`ifxetex`], [`ifluatex`], [`listings`] (if the
140`--listings` option is used), [`fancyvrb`], [`longtable`],
143`--listings` option is used), [`fancyvrb`], [`longtable`],
141−[`booktabs`], [`graphicx`] (if the document
144+[`booktabs`], [`graphicx`] and [`grffile`] (if the document
142contains images), [`hyperref`], [`xcolor`],
145contains images), [`hyperref`], [`xcolor`],
143[`ulem`], [`geometry`] (with the `geometry` variable set),
146[`ulem`], [`geometry`] (with the `geometry` variable set),
144[`setspace`] (with `linestretch`), and
147[`setspace`] (with `linestretch`), and
145[`babel`] (with `lang`). The use of `xelatex` or `lualatex` as
148[`babel`] (with `lang`). The use of `xelatex` or `lualatex` as
146−the PDF engine requires [`fontspec`]. `lualatex` uses
149+the PDF engine requires [`fontspec`]. `xelatex` uses
147−[`selnolig`]. `xelatex` uses [`polyglossia`] (with `lang`),
150+[`polyglossia`] (with `lang`), [`xecjk`], and [`bidi`] (with the
148−[`xecjk`], and [`bidi`] (with the `dir` variable set). If the
151+`dir` variable set). If the `mathspec` variable is set,
149−`mathspec` variable is set, `xelatex` will use [`mathspec`]
152+`xelatex` will use [`mathspec`] instead of [`unicode-math`].
150−instead of [`unicode-math`]. The [`upquote`] and [`microtype`]
153+The [`upquote`] and [`microtype`] packages are used if
151−packages are used if available, and [`csquotes`] will be used
154+available, and [`csquotes`] will be used for [typography]
152−for [typography] if the `csquotes` variable or metadata field is
155+if `\usepackage{csquotes}` is present in the template or
153−set to a true value. The [`natbib`], [`biblatex`], [`bibtex`],
156+included via `/H/--include-in-header`. The [`natbib`],
154−and [`biber`] packages can optionally be used for [citation
157+[`biblatex`], [`bibtex`], and [`biber`] packages can optionally
155−rendering]. The following packages will be used to improve
158+be used for [citation rendering]. The following packages
159+will be used to improve output quality if present, but
156−output quality if present, but pandoc does not require them to
160+pandoc does not require them to be present:
157−be present: [`upquote`] (for straight quotes in verbatim
161+[`upquote`] (for straight quotes in verbatim environments),
158−environments), [`microtype`] (for better spacing adjustments),
162+[`microtype`] (for better spacing adjustments),
159−[`parskip`] (for better inter-paragraph spaces), [`xurl`] (for
163+[`parskip`] (for better inter-paragraph spaces),
160−better line breaks in URLs), [`bookmark`] (for better PDF
164+[`xurl`] (for better line breaks in URLs),
165+[`bookmark`] (for better PDF bookmarks),
161−bookmarks), and [`footnotehyper`] or [`footnote`] (to allow
166+and [`footnotehyper`] or [`footnote`] (to allow footnotes in tables).
162−footnotes in tables).
167+
164−[TeX Live]: https://www.tug.org/texlive/
168+[TeX Live]: http://www.tug.org/texlive/
165[`amsfonts`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/amsfonts
169[`amsfonts`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/amsfonts
166[`amsmath`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/amsmath
170[`amsmath`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/amsmath
167[`babel`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/babel
171[`babel`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/babel
@@ -180,7 +184,8 @@ footnotes in tables).
180[`graphicx`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/graphicx
184[`graphicx`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/graphicx
181[`grffile`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/grffile
185[`grffile`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/grffile
182[`hyperref`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/hyperref
186[`hyperref`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/hyperref
183−[`iftex`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/iftex
187+[`ifluatex`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/ifluatex
188+[`ifxetex`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/ifxetex
184[`listings`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/listings
189[`listings`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/listings
185[`lm`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/lm
190[`lm`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/lm
186[`longtable`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/longtable
191[`longtable`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/longtable
@@ -194,44 +199,41 @@ footnotes in tables).
194[`ulem`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/ulem
199[`ulem`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/ulem
195[`unicode-math`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/unicode-math
200[`unicode-math`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/unicode-math
196[`upquote`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/upquote
201[`upquote`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/upquote
197−[`weasyprint`]: https://weasyprint.org
202+[`weasyprint`]: http://weasyprint.org
198[`wkhtmltopdf`]: https://wkhtmltopdf.org
203[`wkhtmltopdf`]: https://wkhtmltopdf.org
199[`xcolor`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/xcolor
204[`xcolor`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/xcolor
200[`xecjk`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/xecjk
205[`xecjk`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/xecjk
201[`xurl`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/xurl
206[`xurl`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/xurl
202−[`selnolig`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/selnolig
206−## Reading from the Web
210+Reading from the Web
208−Instead of an input file, an absolute URI may be given. In this case
213+Instead of an input file, an absolute URI may be given. In this case
209pandoc will fetch the content using HTTP:
214pandoc will fetch the content using HTTP:
211− pandoc -f html -t markdown https://www.fsf.org
216+ pandoc -f html -t markdown http://www.fsf.org
213It is possible to supply a custom User-Agent string or other
218It is possible to supply a custom User-Agent string or other
214header when requesting a document from a URL:
219header when requesting a document from a URL:
216 pandoc -f html -t markdown --request-header User-Agent:"Mozilla/5.0" \
221 pandoc -f html -t markdown --request-header User-Agent:"Mozilla/5.0" \
217− https://www.fsf.org
222+ http://www.fsf.org
221−## General options {.options}
227+General options {.options}
223`-f` *FORMAT*, `-r` *FORMAT*, `--from=`*FORMAT*, `--read=`*FORMAT*
230`-f` *FORMAT*, `-r` *FORMAT*, `--from=`*FORMAT*, `--read=`*FORMAT*
225: Specify input format. *FORMAT* can be:
232: Specify input format. *FORMAT* can be:
227 ::: {#input-formats}
234 ::: {#input-formats}
228− - `bibtex` ([BibTeX] bibliography)
229− - `biblatex` ([BibLaTeX] bibliography)
230 - `commonmark` ([CommonMark] Markdown)
235 - `commonmark` ([CommonMark] Markdown)
231− - `commonmark_x` ([CommonMark] Markdown with extensions)
232 - `creole` ([Creole 1.0])
236 - `creole` ([Creole 1.0])
233− - `csljson` ([CSL JSON] bibliography)
234− - `csv` ([CSV] table)
235 - `docbook` ([DocBook])
237 - `docbook` ([DocBook])
236 - `docx` ([Word docx])
238 - `docx` ([Word docx])
237 - `dokuwiki` ([DokuWiki markup])
239 - `dokuwiki` ([DokuWiki markup])
@@ -245,7 +247,6 @@ header when requesting a document from a URL:
245 - `html` ([HTML])
247 - `html` ([HTML])
246 - `ipynb` ([Jupyter notebook])
248 - `ipynb` ([Jupyter notebook])
247 - `jats` ([JATS] XML)
249 - `jats` ([JATS] XML)
248− - `jira` ([Jira]/Confluence wiki markup)
249 - `json` (JSON version of native AST)
250 - `json` (JSON version of native AST)
250 - `latex` ([LaTeX])
251 - `latex` ([LaTeX])
251 - `markdown` ([Pandoc's Markdown])
252 - `markdown` ([Pandoc's Markdown])
@@ -280,12 +281,8 @@ header when requesting a document from a URL:
280 ::: {#output-formats}
281 ::: {#output-formats}
281 - `asciidoc` ([AsciiDoc]) or `asciidoctor` ([AsciiDoctor])
282 - `asciidoc` ([AsciiDoc]) or `asciidoctor` ([AsciiDoctor])
282 - `beamer` ([LaTeX beamer][`beamer`] slide show)
283 - `beamer` ([LaTeX beamer][`beamer`] slide show)
283− - `bibtex` ([BibTeX] bibliography)
284− - `biblatex` ([BibLaTeX] bibliography)
285 - `commonmark` ([CommonMark] Markdown)
284 - `commonmark` ([CommonMark] Markdown)
286− - `commonmark_x` ([CommonMark] Markdown with extensions)
287 - `context` ([ConTeXt])
285 - `context` ([ConTeXt])
288− - `csljson` ([CSL JSON] bibliography)
289 - `docbook` or `docbook4` ([DocBook] 4)
286 - `docbook` or `docbook4` ([DocBook] 4)
290 - `docbook5` (DocBook 5)
287 - `docbook5` (DocBook 5)
291 - `docx` ([Word docx])
288 - `docx` ([Word docx])
@@ -302,11 +299,7 @@ header when requesting a document from a URL:
302 - `html4` ([XHTML] 1.0 Transitional)
299 - `html4` ([XHTML] 1.0 Transitional)
303 - `icml` ([InDesign ICML])
300 - `icml` ([InDesign ICML])
304 - `ipynb` ([Jupyter notebook])
301 - `ipynb` ([Jupyter notebook])
305− - `jats_archiving` ([JATS] XML, Archiving and Interchange Tag Set)
302+ - `jats` ([JATS] XML)
306− - `jats_articleauthoring` ([JATS] XML, Article Authoring Tag Set)
307− - `jats_publishing` ([JATS] XML, Journal Publishing Tag Set)
308− - `jats` (alias for `jats_archiving`)
309− - `jira` ([Jira]/Confluence wiki markup)
310 - `json` (JSON version of native AST)
303 - `json` (JSON version of native AST)
311 - `latex` ([LaTeX])
304 - `latex` ([LaTeX])
312 - `man` ([roff man])
305 - `man` ([roff man])
@@ -322,7 +315,6 @@ header when requesting a document from a URL:
322 - `opml` ([OPML])
315 - `opml` ([OPML])
323 - `opendocument` ([OpenDocument])
316 - `opendocument` ([OpenDocument])
324 - `org` ([Emacs Org mode])
317 - `org` ([Emacs Org mode])
326 - `plain` (plain text),
318 - `plain` (plain text),
327 - `pptx` ([PowerPoint] slide show)
319 - `pptx` ([PowerPoint] slide show)
328 - `rst` ([reStructuredText])
320 - `rst` ([reStructuredText])
@@ -337,10 +329,10 @@ header when requesting a document from a URL:
337 - `tei` ([TEI Simple])
329 - `tei` ([TEI Simple])
338 - `xwiki` ([XWiki markup])
330 - `xwiki` ([XWiki markup])
339 - `zimwiki` ([ZimWiki markup])
331 - `zimwiki` ([ZimWiki markup])
340− - the path of a custom Lua writer, see [Custom writers] below
332+ - the path of a custom lua writer, see [Custom writers] below
343− Note that `odt`, `docx`, `epub`, and `pdf` output will not be directed
335+ Note that `odt`, `docx`, and `epub` output will not be directed
344 to *stdout* unless forced with `-o -`.
336 to *stdout* unless forced with `-o -`.
346 Extensions can be individually enabled or
338 Extensions can be individually enabled or
@@ -361,29 +353,15 @@ header when requesting a document from a URL:
361 will be used. On \*nix and macOS systems this will be the `pandoc`
353 will be used. On \*nix and macOS systems this will be the `pandoc`
362 subdirectory of the XDG data directory (by default,
354 subdirectory of the XDG data directory (by default,
363 `$HOME/.local/share`, overridable by setting the `XDG_DATA_HOME`
355 `$HOME/.local/share`, overridable by setting the `XDG_DATA_HOME`
364− environment variable). If that directory does not exist and
356+ environment variable). If that directory does not exist,
365− `$HOME/.pandoc` exists, it will be used (for backwards compatibility).
357+ `$HOME/.pandoc` will be used (for backwards compatibility).
366− On Windows the default user data directory is
358+ In Windows the default user data directory is
367 `C:\Users\USERNAME\AppData\Roaming\pandoc`.
359 `C:\Users\USERNAME\AppData\Roaming\pandoc`.
368 You can find the default user data directory on your system by
360 You can find the default user data directory on your system by
369 looking at the output of `pandoc --version`.
361 looking at the output of `pandoc --version`.
370− Data files placed in this directory (for example, `reference.odt`,
371− `reference.docx`, `epub.css`, `templates`) will override
362+ A `reference.odt`, `reference.docx`, `epub.css`, `templates`,
363+ `slidy`, `slideous`, or `s5` directory
372− pandoc's normal defaults.
364+ placed in this directory will override pandoc's normal defaults.
374−`-d` *FILE*, `--defaults=`*FILE*
376−: Specify a set of default option settings. *FILE* is a YAML
377− file whose fields correspond to command-line option
378− settings. All options for document conversion, including input
379− and output files, can be set using a defaults file. The file will
380− be searched for first in the working directory, and then in
381− the `defaults` subdirectory of the user data directory
382− (see `--data-dir`). The `.yaml` extension may be omitted.
383− See the section [Default files] for more information on the
384− file format. Settings from the defaults file may be
385− overridden or extended by subsequent options on the command
388`--bash-completion`
366`--bash-completion`
@@ -394,7 +372,8 @@ header when requesting a document from a URL:
395`--verbose`
373`--verbose`
397−: Give verbose debugging output.
375+: Give verbose debugging output. Currently this only has an effect
@@ -420,7 +399,7 @@ header when requesting a document from a URL:
421`--list-extensions`[`=`*FORMAT*]
400`--list-extensions`[`=`*FORMAT*]
423−: List supported extensions for *FORMAT*, one per line, preceded
402+: List supported extensions, one per line, preceded
424 by a `+` or `-` indicating whether it is enabled by default
403 by a `+` or `-` indicating whether it is enabled by default
425 in *FORMAT*. If *FORMAT* is not specified, defaults for
404 in *FORMAT*. If *FORMAT* is not specified, defaults for
426 pandoc's Markdown are given.
405 pandoc's Markdown are given.
@@ -443,88 +422,65 @@ header when requesting a document from a URL:
444: Show usage message.
423: Show usage message.
446−[Markdown]: https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/
425+[Markdown]: http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/
447−[CommonMark]: https://commonmark.org
426+[CommonMark]: http://commonmark.org
448[PHP Markdown Extra]: https://michelf.ca/projects/php-markdown/extra/
427[PHP Markdown Extra]: https://michelf.ca/projects/php-markdown/extra/
449[GitHub-Flavored Markdown]: https://help.github.com/articles/github-flavored-markdown/
428[GitHub-Flavored Markdown]: https://help.github.com/articles/github-flavored-markdown/
450−[MultiMarkdown]: https://fletcherpenney.net/multimarkdown/
429+[MultiMarkdown]: http://fletcherpenney.net/multimarkdown/
451−[reStructuredText]: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/docs/ref/rst/introduction.html
430+[reStructuredText]: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/docs/ref/rst/introduction.html
452−[S5]: https://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/s5/
431+[S5]: http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/s5/
453−[Slidy]: https://www.w3.org/Talks/Tools/Slidy2/
432+[Slidy]: http://www.w3.org/Talks/Tools/Slidy/
454−[Slideous]: https://goessner.net/articles/slideous/
433+[Slideous]: http://goessner.net/articles/slideous/
455−[HTML]: https://www.w3.org/html/
434+[HTML]: http://www.w3.org/html/
456−[HTML5]: https://html.spec.whatwg.org/
435+[HTML5]: http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/
457[polyglot markup]: https://www.w3.org/TR/html-polyglot/
436[polyglot markup]: https://www.w3.org/TR/html-polyglot/
458−[XHTML]: https://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/
437+[XHTML]: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/
459−[LaTeX]: https://www.latex-project.org/
438+[LaTeX]: http://latex-project.org
460[`beamer`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/beamer
439[`beamer`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/beamer
461[Beamer User's Guide]: http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/beamer/doc/beameruserguide.pdf
440[Beamer User's Guide]: http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/beamer/doc/beameruserguide.pdf
462−[ConTeXt]: https://www.contextgarden.net/
441+[ConTeXt]: http://www.contextgarden.net/
463−[Rich Text Format]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rich_Text_Format
442+[Rich Text Format]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rich_Text_Format
464−[DocBook]: https://docbook.org
443+[DocBook]: http://docbook.org
465[JATS]: https://jats.nlm.nih.gov
444[JATS]: https://jats.nlm.nih.gov
466−[Jira]: https://jira.atlassian.com/secure/WikiRendererHelpAction.jspa?section=all
467−[txt2tags]: https://txt2tags.org
445+[txt2tags]: http://txt2tags.org
468[EPUB]: http://idpf.org/epub
446[EPUB]: http://idpf.org/epub
469[OPML]: http://dev.opml.org/spec2.html
447[OPML]: http://dev.opml.org/spec2.html
470[OpenDocument]: http://opendocument.xml.org
448[OpenDocument]: http://opendocument.xml.org
471−[ODT]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDocument
449+[ODT]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDocument
472−[Textile]: https://www.promptworks.com/textile
450+[Textile]: http://redcloth.org/textile
473[MediaWiki markup]: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Formatting
451[MediaWiki markup]: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Formatting
474[DokuWiki markup]: https://www.dokuwiki.org/dokuwiki
452[DokuWiki markup]: https://www.dokuwiki.org/dokuwiki
475−[ZimWiki markup]: https://zim-wiki.org/manual/Help/Wiki_Syntax.html
453+[ZimWiki markup]: http://zim-wiki.org/manual/Help/Wiki_Syntax.html
476[XWiki markup]: https://www.xwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Documentation/UserGuide/Features/XWikiSyntax/
454[XWiki markup]: https://www.xwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Documentation/UserGuide/Features/XWikiSyntax/
477−[TWiki markup]: https://twiki.org/cgi-bin/view/TWiki/TextFormattingRules
455+[TWiki markup]: http://twiki.org/cgi-bin/view/TWiki/TextFormattingRules
478[TikiWiki markup]: https://doc.tiki.org/Wiki-Syntax-Text#The_Markup_Language_Wiki-Syntax
456[TikiWiki markup]: https://doc.tiki.org/Wiki-Syntax-Text#The_Markup_Language_Wiki-Syntax
479[Haddock markup]: https://www.haskell.org/haddock/doc/html/ch03s08.html
457[Haddock markup]: https://www.haskell.org/haddock/doc/html/ch03s08.html
480[Creole 1.0]: http://www.wikicreole.org/wiki/Creole1.0
458[Creole 1.0]: http://www.wikicreole.org/wiki/Creole1.0
481−[CSV]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4180
459+[roff man]: http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/groff_man.7.html
482−[roff man]: https://man.cx/groff_man(7)
483−[roff ms]: https://man.cx/groff_ms(7)
460+[roff ms]: http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/groff_ms.7.html
484[Haskell]: https://www.haskell.org
461[Haskell]: https://www.haskell.org
485−[GNU Texinfo]: https://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/
462+[GNU Texinfo]: http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/
486−[Emacs Org mode]: https://orgmode.org
463+[Emacs Org mode]: http://orgmode.org
487−[AsciiDoc]: https://www.methods.co.nz/asciidoc/
464+[AsciiDoc]: http://www.methods.co.nz/asciidoc/
488[AsciiDoctor]: https://asciidoctor.org/
465[AsciiDoctor]: https://asciidoctor.org/
489−[DZSlides]: https://paulrouget.com/dzslides/
466+[DZSlides]: http://paulrouget.com/dzslides/
490[Word docx]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_Open_XML
467[Word docx]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_Open_XML
491[PDF]: https://www.adobe.com/pdf/
468[PDF]: https://www.adobe.com/pdf/
492−[reveal.js]: https://revealjs.com/
469+[reveal.js]: http://lab.hakim.se/reveal-js/
493[FictionBook2]: http://www.fictionbook.org/index.php/Eng:XML_Schema_Fictionbook_2.1
470[FictionBook2]: http://www.fictionbook.org/index.php/Eng:XML_Schema_Fictionbook_2.1
494[Jupyter notebook]: https://nbformat.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
471[Jupyter notebook]: https://nbformat.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
495−[InDesign ICML]: https://wwwimages.adobe.com/www.adobe.com/content/dam/acom/en/devnet/indesign/sdk/cs6/idml/idml-cookbook.pdf
472+[InDesign ICML]: http://wwwimages.adobe.com/www.adobe.com/content/dam/acom/en/devnet/indesign/sdk/cs6/idml/idml-cookbook.pdf
496[TEI Simple]: https://github.com/TEIC/TEI-Simple
473[TEI Simple]: https://github.com/TEIC/TEI-Simple
497[Muse]: https://amusewiki.org/library/manual
474[Muse]: https://amusewiki.org/library/manual
498[PowerPoint]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPoint
475[PowerPoint]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPoint
499[Vimwiki]: https://vimwiki.github.io
476[Vimwiki]: https://vimwiki.github.io
500−[CSL JSON]: https://citeproc-js.readthedocs.io/en/latest/csl-json/markup.html
477+
501−[BibTeX]: https://ctan.org/pkg/bibtex
502−[BibLaTeX]: https://ctan.org/pkg/biblatex
504−## Reader options {.options}
478+Reader options {.options}
506−`--shift-heading-level-by=`*NUMBER*
508−: Shift heading levels by a positive or negative integer.
509− For example, with `--shift-heading-level-by=-1`, level 2
510− headings become level 1 headings, and level 3 headings
511− become level 2 headings. Headings cannot have a level
512− less than 1, so a heading that would be shifted below level 1
513− becomes a regular paragraph. Exception: with a shift of -N,
514− a level-N heading at the beginning of the document
515− replaces the metadata title. `--shift-heading-level-by=-1`
516− is a good choice when converting HTML or Markdown documents that
517− use an initial level-1 heading for the document title and
518− level-2+ headings for sections. `--shift-heading-level-by=1`
519− may be a good choice for converting Markdown documents that
520− use level-1 headings for sections to HTML, since pandoc uses
521− a level-1 heading to render the document title.
523`--base-header-level=`*NUMBER*
481`--base-header-level=`*NUMBER*
525−: *Deprecated. Use `--shift-heading-level-by`=X instead,
526− where X = NUMBER - 1.* Specify the base level for headings
483+: Specify the base level for headings (defaults to 1).
529`--strip-empty-paragraphs`
485`--strip-empty-paragraphs`
@@ -589,32 +545,41 @@ header when requesting a document from a URL:
590 3. `$PATH` (executable only)
546 3. `$PATH` (executable only)
592− Filters, Lua-filters, and citeproc processing are applied in
548+ Filters and lua-filters are applied in the order specified
593− the order specified on the command line.
549+ on the command line.
595−`-L` *SCRIPT*, `--lua-filter=`*SCRIPT*
551+`--lua-filter=`*SCRIPT*
597: Transform the document in a similar fashion as JSON filters (see
553: Transform the document in a similar fashion as JSON filters (see
598− `--filter`), but use pandoc's built-in Lua filtering system. The given
554+ `--filter`), but use pandoc's build-in lua filtering system. The given
599− Lua script is expected to return a list of Lua filters which will be
555+ lua script is expected to return a list of lua filters which will be
600− applied in order. Each Lua filter must contain element-transforming
556+ applied in order. Each lua filter must contain element-transforming
601 functions indexed by the name of the AST element on which the filter
557 functions indexed by the name of the AST element on which the filter
602 function should be applied.
558 function should be applied.
604− The `pandoc` Lua module provides helper functions for element
560+ The `pandoc` lua module provides helper functions for element
605− creation. It is always loaded into the script's Lua environment.
561+ creation. It is always loaded into the script's lua environment.
607− See the [Lua filters documentation] for further details.
563+ The following is an example lua script for macro-expansion:
609− In order of preference, pandoc will look for Lua filters in
565+ function expand_hello_world(inline)
566+ if inline.c == '{{helloworld}}' then
567+ return pandoc.Emph{ pandoc.Str "Hello, World" }
611− 1. a specified full or relative path
573+ return {{Str = expand_hello_world}}
613− 2. `$DATADIR/filters` where `$DATADIR` is the user data
575+ In order of preference, pandoc will look for lua filters in
614− directory (see `--data-dir`, above).
616− Filters, Lua filters, and citeproc processing are applied in
577+ 1. a specified full or relative path (executable or
617− the order specified on the command line.
578+ non-executable)
580+ 2. `$DATADIR/filters` (executable or non-executable)
581+ where `$DATADIR` is the user data directory (see
582+ `--data-dir`, above).
619`-M` *KEY*[`=`*VAL*], `--metadata=`*KEY*[`:`*VAL*]
584`-M` *KEY*[`=`*VAL*], `--metadata=`*KEY*[`:`*VAL*]
@@ -631,23 +596,19 @@ header when requesting a document from a URL:
632`--metadata-file=`*FILE*
597`--metadata-file=`*FILE*
634−: Read metadata from the supplied YAML (or JSON) file. This
599+: Read metadata from the supplied YAML (or JSON) file.
635− option can be used with every input format, but string scalars
600+ This option can be used with every input format, but string
636− in the YAML file will always be parsed as Markdown. Generally,
601+ scalars in the YAML file will always be parsed as Markdown.
637− the input will be handled the same as in [YAML metadata
602+ Generally, the input will be handled the same as in
638− blocks][Extension: `yaml_metadata_block`]. This option can be
603+ [YAML metadata blocks][Extension: `yaml_metadata_block`].
639− used repeatedly to include multiple metadata files; values in
640− files specified later on the command line will be preferred
641− over those specified in earlier files. Metadata values
642− specified inside the document, or by using `-M`, overwrite
604+ Metadata values specified inside the document, or by using `-M`,
643− values specified with this option.
605+ overwrite values specified with this option.
645`-p`, `--preserve-tabs`
607`-p`, `--preserve-tabs`
647−: Preserve tabs instead of converting them to spaces. (By default, pandoc
609+: Preserve tabs instead of converting them to spaces (the default).
648− converts tabs to spaces before parsing its input.) Note that this will
649− only affect tabs in literal code spans and code blocks. Tabs in regular
610+ Note that this will only affect tabs in literal code spans and code
650− text are always treated as spaces.
611+ blocks; tabs in regular text will be treated as spaces.
652`--tab-stop=`*NUMBER*
613`--tab-stop=`*NUMBER*
@@ -657,30 +618,30 @@ header when requesting a document from a URL:
658: Specifies what to do with insertions, deletions, and comments
619: Specifies what to do with insertions, deletions, and comments
659 produced by the MS Word "Track Changes" feature. `accept` (the
620 produced by the MS Word "Track Changes" feature. `accept` (the
660− default) processes all the insertions and deletions.
621+ default), inserts all insertions, and ignores all
622+ deletions. `reject` inserts all deletions and ignores
661− `reject` ignores them. Both `accept` and `reject` ignore comments.
623+ insertions. Both `accept` and `reject` ignore comments. `all` puts
662− `all` includes all insertions, deletions, and comments, wrapped
624+ in insertions, deletions, and comments, wrapped in spans with
663− in spans with `insertion`, `deletion`, `comment-start`, and
625+ `insertion`, `deletion`, `comment-start`, and `comment-end`
664− `comment-end` classes, respectively. The author and time of
626+ classes, respectively. The author and time of change is
665− change is included. `all` is useful for scripting: only
627+ included. `all` is useful for scripting: only accepting changes
666− accepting changes from a certain reviewer, say, or before a
628+ from a certain reviewer, say, or before a certain date. If a
667− certain date. If a paragraph is inserted or deleted,
629+ paragraph is inserted or deleted, `track-changes=all` produces a
668− `track-changes=all` produces a span with the class
669− `paragraph-insertion`/`paragraph-deletion` before the
630+ span with the class `paragraph-insertion`/`paragraph-deletion`
670− affected paragraph break. This option only affects the docx
631+ before the affected paragraph break. This option only affects the
671− reader.
632+ docx reader.
673`--extract-media=`*DIR*
634`--extract-media=`*DIR*
675: Extract images and other media contained in or linked from
636: Extract images and other media contained in or linked from
676 the source document to the path *DIR*, creating it if
637 the source document to the path *DIR*, creating it if
677 necessary, and adjust the images references in the document
638 necessary, and adjust the images references in the document
678− so they point to the extracted files. Media are downloaded,
639+ so they point to the extracted files. If the source format is
679− read from the file system, or extracted from a binary
640+ a binary container (docx, epub, or odt), the media is
680− container (e.g. docx), as needed. The original file paths
641+ extracted from the container and the original
681− are used if they are relative paths not containing `..`.
642+ filenames are used. Otherwise the media is read from the
682− Otherwise filenames are constructed from the SHA1 hash of
643+ file system or downloaded, and new filenames are constructed
683− the contents.
644+ based on SHA1 hashes of the contents.
685`--abbreviations=`*FILE*
646`--abbreviations=`*FILE*
@@ -691,17 +652,17 @@ header when requesting a document from a URL:
691 system default, use
652 system default, use
692 `pandoc --print-default-data-file=abbreviations`. The only
653 `pandoc --print-default-data-file=abbreviations`. The only
693 use pandoc makes of this list is in the Markdown reader.
654 use pandoc makes of this list is in the Markdown reader.
694− Strings found in this list will be followed by a nonbreaking
655+ Strings ending in a period that are found in this list will
656+ be followed by a nonbreaking space, so that the period will
695− space, and the period will not produce sentence-ending space
657+ not produce sentence-ending space in formats like LaTeX.
696− in formats like LaTeX. The strings may not contain spaces.
698[`pandocfilters`]: https://github.com/jgm/pandocfilters
659[`pandocfilters`]: https://github.com/jgm/pandocfilters
699[PHP]: https://github.com/vinai/pandocfilters-php
660[PHP]: https://github.com/vinai/pandocfilters-php
700[perl]: https://metacpan.org/pod/Pandoc::Filter
661[perl]: https://metacpan.org/pod/Pandoc::Filter
701[JavaScript/node.js]: https://github.com/mvhenderson/pandoc-filter-node
662[JavaScript/node.js]: https://github.com/mvhenderson/pandoc-filter-node
702−[Lua filters documentation]: https://pandoc.org/lua-filters.html
704−## General writer options {.options}
664+General writer options {.options}
665+----------------------
706`-s`, `--standalone`
667`-s`, `--standalone`
@@ -726,8 +687,11 @@ header when requesting a document from a URL:
726`-V` *KEY*[`=`*VAL*], `--variable=`*KEY*[`:`*VAL*]
687`-V` *KEY*[`=`*VAL*], `--variable=`*KEY*[`:`*VAL*]
728: Set the template variable *KEY* to the value *VAL* when rendering the
689: Set the template variable *KEY* to the value *VAL* when rendering the
729− document in standalone mode. If no *VAL* is specified, the
690+ document in standalone mode. This is generally only useful when the
691+ `--template` option is used to specify a custom template, since
692+ pandoc automatically sets the variables used in the default
693+ templates. If no *VAL* is specified, the key will be given the
730− key will be given the value `true`.
694+ value `true`.
732`-D` *FORMAT*, `--print-default-template=`*FORMAT*
696`-D` *FORMAT*, `--print-default-template=`*FORMAT*
@@ -738,11 +702,6 @@ header when requesting a document from a URL:
738 `-o`/`--output` must come before `--print-default-template`
702 `-o`/`--output` must come before `--print-default-template`
739 on the command line.
703 on the command line.
741− Note that some of the default templates use partials, for
742− example `styles.html`. To print the partials, use
743− `--print-default-data-file`: for example,
744− `--print-default-data-file=templates/styles.html`.
746`--print-default-data-file=`*FILE*
705`--print-default-data-file=`*FILE*
748: Print a system default data file. Files in the user data directory
707: Print a system default data file. Files in the user data directory
@@ -759,12 +718,9 @@ header when requesting a document from a URL:
760`--dpi`=*NUMBER*
719`--dpi`=*NUMBER*
762−: Specify the default dpi (dots per inch) value for conversion
721+: Specify the dpi (dots per inch) value for conversion from pixels
763− from pixels to inch/centimeters and vice versa. (Technically,
722+ to inch/centimeters and vice versa. The default is 96dpi.
764− the correct term would be ppi: pixels per inch.) The default
723+ Technically, the correct term would be ppi (pixels per inch).
765− is 96dpi. When images contain information about dpi
766− internally, the encoded value is used instead of the default
767− specified by this option.
769`--wrap=auto`|`none`|`preserve`
725`--wrap=auto`|`none`|`preserve`
@@ -795,12 +751,6 @@ header when requesting a document from a URL:
795 unless `-s/--standalone` is used, and it has no effect
751 unless `-s/--standalone` is used, and it has no effect
796 on `man`, `docbook4`, `docbook5`, or `jats` output.
752 on `man`, `docbook4`, `docbook5`, or `jats` output.
798− Note that if you are producing a PDF via `ms`, the table
799− of contents will appear at the beginning of the
800− document, before the title. If you would prefer it to
801− be at the end of the document, use the option
802− `--pdf-engine-opt=--no-toc-relocation`.
804`--toc-depth=`*NUMBER*
754`--toc-depth=`*NUMBER*
806: Specify the number of section levels to include in the table
756: Specify the number of section levels to include in the table
@@ -852,8 +802,7 @@ header when requesting a document from a URL:
852 which will be used for syntax highlighting of appropriately
802 which will be used for syntax highlighting of appropriately
853 marked code blocks. This can be used to add support for
803 marked code blocks. This can be used to add support for
854 new languages or to use altered syntax definitions for
804 new languages or to use altered syntax definitions for
855− existing languages. This option may be repeated to add
805+ existing languages.
856− multiple syntax definitions.
858`-H` *FILE*, `--include-in-header=`*FILE*|*URL*
807`-H` *FILE*, `--include-in-header=`*FILE*|*URL*
@@ -891,11 +840,11 @@ header when requesting a document from a URL:
891 will not be searched. For example:
840 will not be searched. For example:
892 `--resource-path=.:test` will search the working directory
841 `--resource-path=.:test` will search the working directory
893 and the `test` subdirectory, in that order.
842 and the `test` subdirectory, in that order.
894− This option can be used repeatedly. Search path components
843+
895− that come later on the command line will be searched before
844+ `--resource-path` only has an effect if (a) the output
896− those that come earlier, so
845+ format embeds images (for example, `docx`, `pdf`, or `html`
897− `--resource-path foo:bar --resource-path baz:bim` is
846+ with `--self-contained`) or (b) it is used together with
898− equivalent to `--resource-path baz:bim:foo:bar`.
847+ `--extract-media`.
900`--request-header=`*NAME*`:`*VAL*
849`--request-header=`*NAME*`:`*VAL*
@@ -905,13 +854,8 @@ header when requesting a document from a URL:
905 downloaded). If you're behind a proxy, you also need to set
854 downloaded). If you're behind a proxy, you also need to set
906 the environment variable `http_proxy` to `http://...`.
855 the environment variable `http_proxy` to `http://...`.
908−`--no-check-certificate`
910−: Disable the certificate verification to allow access to
911− unsecure HTTP resources (for example when the certificate
912− is no longer valid or self signed).
914−## Options affecting specific writers {.options}
857+Options affecting specific writers {.options}
858+----------------------------------
916`--self-contained`
860`--self-contained`
@@ -936,9 +880,7 @@ header when requesting a document from a URL:
937`--html-q-tags`
881`--html-q-tags`
939−: Use `<q>` tags for quotes in HTML. (This option only has an
883+: Use `<q>` tags for quotes in HTML.
940− effect if the `smart` extension is enabled for the input
@@ -956,45 +898,37 @@ header when requesting a document from a URL:
956 placement of link references is affected by the
898 placement of link references is affected by the
957 `--reference-location` option.
899 `--reference-location` option.
959−`--reference-location=block`|`section`|`document`
901+`--reference-location = block`|`section`|`document`
961: Specify whether footnotes (and references, if `reference-links` is
903: Specify whether footnotes (and references, if `reference-links` is
962 set) are placed at the end of the current (top-level) block, the
904 set) are placed at the end of the current (top-level) block, the
963 current section, or the document. The default is
905 current section, or the document. The default is
964 `document`. Currently only affects the markdown writer.
906 `document`. Currently only affects the markdown writer.
966−`--markdown-headings=setext`|`atx`
968−: Specify whether to use ATX-style (`#`-prefixed) or
969− Setext-style (underlined) headings for level 1 and 2
970− headings in Markdown output. (The default is `atx`.)
971− ATX-style headings are always used for levels 3+.
972− This option also affects Markdown cells in `ipynb` output.
974`--atx-headers`
908`--atx-headers`
976−: *Deprecated synonym for `--markdown-headings=atx`.*
910+: Use ATX-style headings in Markdown output. The default is
911+ to use setext-style headings for levels 1 to 2, and then ATX headings.
912+ (Note: for `gfm` output, ATX headings are always used.)
913+ This option also affects markdown cells in `ipynb` output.
978−`--top-level-division=default`|`section`|`chapter`|`part`
915+`--top-level-division=[default|section|chapter|part]`
980−: Treat top-level headings as the given division type in
917+: Treat top-level headings as the given division type in LaTeX, ConTeXt,
981− LaTeX, ConTeXt, DocBook, and TEI output. The hierarchy
918+ DocBook, and TEI output. The hierarchy order is part, chapter, then section;
982− order is part, chapter, then section; all headings are
983− shifted such that the top-level heading becomes the
919+ all headings are shifted such that the top-level heading becomes the specified
984− specified type. The default behavior is to determine the
920+ type. The default behavior is to determine the best division type via
985− best division type via heuristics: unless other conditions
921+ heuristics: unless other conditions apply, `section` is chosen. When the
986− apply, `section` is chosen. When the `documentclass`
987− variable is set to `report`, `book`, or `memoir` (unless the
922+ LaTeX document class is set to `report`, `book`, or `memoir` (unless the
988− `article` option is specified), `chapter` is implied as the
923+ `article` option is specified), `chapter` is implied as the setting for this
989− setting for this option. If `beamer` is the output format,
924+ option. If `beamer` is the output format, specifying either `chapter` or
990− specifying either `chapter` or `part` will cause top-level
991− headings to become `\part{..}`, while second-level headings
925+ `part` will cause top-level headings to become `\part{..}`, while
992− remain as their default type.
926+ second-level headings remain as their default type.
994`-N`, `--number-sections`
928`-N`, `--number-sections`
996−: Number section headings in LaTeX, ConTeXt, HTML, Docx, ms, or EPUB
930+: Number section headings in LaTeX, ConTeXt, HTML, or EPUB output.
997− output. By default, sections are not numbered. Sections with class
931+ By default, sections are not numbered. Sections with class
998 `unnumbered` will never be numbered, even if `--number-sections`
932 `unnumbered` will never be numbered, even if `--number-sections`
999 is specified.
933 is specified.
@@ -1013,7 +947,7 @@ header when requesting a document from a URL:
1014: Use the [`listings`] package for LaTeX code blocks. The package
948: Use the [`listings`] package for LaTeX code blocks. The package
1015 does not support multi-byte encoding for source code. To handle UTF-8
949 does not support multi-byte encoding for source code. To handle UTF-8
1016− you would need to use a custom template. This issue is fully
950+ you would need to use a custom template. This issue is fully
1017 documented here: [Encoding issue with the listings package].
951 documented here: [Encoding issue with the listings package].
1019`-i`, `--incremental`
953`-i`, `--incremental`
@@ -1059,7 +993,8 @@ header when requesting a document from a URL:
1060: Specify *STRING* as a prefix at the beginning of the title
994: Specify *STRING* as a prefix at the beginning of the title
1061 that appears in the HTML header (but not in the title as it
995 that appears in the HTML header (but not in the title as it
1062− appears at the beginning of the HTML body). Implies `--standalone`.
996+ appears at the beginning of the HTML body). Implies
1064`-c` *URL*, `--css=`*URL*
999`-c` *URL*, `--css=`*URL*
@@ -1136,7 +1071,6 @@ header when requesting a document from a URL:
1136 - Verbatim Char
1071 - Verbatim Char
1137 - Footnote Reference
1072 - Footnote Reference
1138 - Hyperlink
1073 - Hyperlink
1141 Table style:
1075 Table style:
@@ -1276,18 +1210,8 @@ header when requesting a document from a URL:
1276: Use the specified engine when producing PDF output.
1210: Use the specified engine when producing PDF output.
1277 Valid values are `pdflatex`, `lualatex`, `xelatex`, `latexmk`,
1211 Valid values are `pdflatex`, `lualatex`, `xelatex`, `latexmk`,
1278 `tectonic`, `wkhtmltopdf`, `weasyprint`, `prince`, `context`,
1212 `tectonic`, `wkhtmltopdf`, `weasyprint`, `prince`, `context`,
1279− and `pdfroff`. If the engine is not in your PATH, the full
1213+ and `pdfroff`. The default is `pdflatex`. If the engine is
1280− path of the engine may be specified here. If this option
1214+ not in your PATH, the full path of the engine may be specified here.
1281− is not specified, pandoc uses the following defaults
1282− depending on the output format specified using `-t/--to`:
1284− - `-t latex` or none: `pdflatex` (other options: `xelatex`, `lualatex`,
1285− `tectonic`, `latexmk`)
1286− - `-t context`: `context`
1287− - `-t html`: `wkhtmltopdf` (other options: `prince`, `weasyprint`;
1288− see [print-css.rocks](https://print-css.rocks) for a good
1289− introduction to PDF generation from HTML/CSS.)
1290− - `-t ms`: `pdfroff`
1292`--pdf-engine-opt=`*STRING*
1216`--pdf-engine-opt=`*STRING*
@@ -1296,84 +1220,59 @@ header when requesting a document from a URL:
1296 auxiliary files, use `--pdf-engine-opt=-outdir=foo`.
1220 auxiliary files, use `--pdf-engine-opt=-outdir=foo`.
1297 Note that no check for duplicate options is done.
1221 Note that no check for duplicate options is done.
1299−[Dublin Core elements]: https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dces/
1223+[Dublin Core elements]: http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/
1300−[ISO 8601 format]: https://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime
1224+[ISO 8601 format]: http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime
1301[Encoding issue with the listings package]:
1225[Encoding issue with the listings package]:
1302 https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Source_Code_Listings#Encoding_issue
1226 https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Source_Code_Listings#Encoding_issue
1304−## Citation rendering {.options}
1228+Citation rendering {.options}
1305−
1229+------------------
1308−: Process the citations in the file, replacing them with
1309− rendered citations and adding a bibliography.
1310− Citation processing will not take place unless bibliographic
1311− data is supplied, either through an external file specified
1312− using the `--bibliography` option or the `bibliography`
1313− field in metadata, or via a `references` section in metadata
1314− containing a list of citations in CSL YAML format with
1315− Markdown formatting. The style is controlled by a [CSL]
1316− stylesheet specified using the `--csl` option or the `csl`
1317− field in metadata. (If no stylesheet is specified,
1318− the `chicago-author-date` style will be used by default.)
1319− The citation processing transformation may be applied before
1320− or after filters or Lua filters (see `--filter`,
1321− `--lua-filter`): these transformations are applied in the
1322− order they appear on the command line. For more
1323− information, see the section on [Citations].
1325`--bibliography=`*FILE*
1231`--bibliography=`*FILE*
1327: Set the `bibliography` field in the document's metadata to *FILE*,
1233: Set the `bibliography` field in the document's metadata to *FILE*,
1328− overriding any value set in the metadata. If you supply
1234+ overriding any value set in the metadata, and process citations
1235+ using `pandoc-citeproc`. (This is equivalent to
1236+ `--metadata bibliography=FILE --filter pandoc-citeproc`.)
1237+ If `--natbib` or `--biblatex` is also supplied, `pandoc-citeproc` is not
1238+ used, making this equivalent to `--metadata bibliography=FILE`.
1329− this argument multiple times, each *FILE* will be added to
1239+ If you supply this argument multiple times, each *FILE* will be added
1330− bibliography. If *FILE* is a URL, it will be fetched
1240+ to bibliography.
1331− via HTTP. If *FILE* is not found relative to the
1332− working directory, it will be sought in the resource path
1333− (see `--resource-path`).
1335`--csl=`*FILE*
1242`--csl=`*FILE*
1337: Set the `csl` field in the document's metadata to *FILE*,
1244: Set the `csl` field in the document's metadata to *FILE*,
1338 overriding any value set in the metadata. (This is equivalent to
1245 overriding any value set in the metadata. (This is equivalent to
1339− `--metadata csl=FILE`.) If *FILE* is a URL, it will be
1246+ `--metadata csl=FILE`.)
1340− fetched via HTTP. If *FILE* is not found relative to the
1247+ This option is only relevant with `pandoc-citeproc`.
1341− working directory, it will be sought in the resource path
1342− (see `--resource-path`) and finally in the `csl`
1343− subdirectory of the pandoc user data directory.
1345`--citation-abbreviations=`*FILE*
1249`--citation-abbreviations=`*FILE*
1347: Set the `citation-abbreviations` field in the document's metadata to
1251: Set the `citation-abbreviations` field in the document's metadata to
1348 *FILE*, overriding any value set in the metadata. (This is equivalent to
1252 *FILE*, overriding any value set in the metadata. (This is equivalent to
1349 `--metadata citation-abbreviations=FILE`.)
1253 `--metadata citation-abbreviations=FILE`.)
1350− If *FILE* is a URL, it will be fetched via HTTP. If *FILE* is not
1254+ This option is only relevant with `pandoc-citeproc`.
1351− found relative to the working directory, it will be sought
1352− in the resource path (see `--resource-path`) and finally in
1353− the `csl` subdirectory of the pandoc user data directory.
1355`--natbib`
1256`--natbib`
1357−: Use [`natbib`] for citations in LaTeX output. This option
1258+: Use [`natbib`] for citations in LaTeX output. This option is not for use
1358− is not for use with the `--citeproc` option or with PDF
1259+ with the `pandoc-citeproc` filter or with PDF output. It is intended for
1359− output. It is intended for use in producing a LaTeX file
1360− that can be processed with [`bibtex`].
1260+ use in producing a LaTeX file that can be processed with [`bibtex`].
1362`--biblatex`
1262`--biblatex`
1364−: Use [`biblatex`] for citations in LaTeX output. This option
1264+: Use [`biblatex`] for citations in LaTeX output. This option is not for use
1365− is not for use with the `--citeproc` option or with PDF
1265+ with the `pandoc-citeproc` filter or with PDF output. It is intended for
1366− output. It is intended for use in producing a LaTeX file
1367− that can be processed with [`bibtex`] or [`biber`].
1266+ use in producing a LaTeX file that can be processed with [`bibtex`] or [`biber`].
1369−## Math rendering in HTML {.options}
1268+Math rendering in HTML {.options}
1269+----------------------
1371−The default is to render TeX math as far as possible using
1271+The default is to render TeX math as far as possible using Unicode characters.
1372−Unicode characters. Formulas are put inside a `span` with
1373−`class="math"`, so that they may be styled differently from the
1272+Formulas are put inside a `span` with `class="math"`, so that they may be styled
1374−surrounding text if needed. However, this gives acceptable
1273+differently from the surrounding text if needed. However, this gives acceptable
1375−results only for basic math, usually you will want to use
1274+results only for basic math, usually you will want to use `--mathjax` or another
1376−`--mathjax` or another of the following options.
1275+of the following options.
1378`--mathjax`[`=`*URL*]
1277`--mathjax`[`=`*URL*]
@@ -1387,11 +1286,10 @@ results only for basic math, usually you will want to use
1388`--mathml`
1287`--mathml`
1390−: Convert TeX math to [MathML] (in `epub3`, `docbook4`,
1289+: Convert TeX math to [MathML] (in `epub3`, `docbook4`, `docbook5`, `jats`,
1391− `docbook5`, `jats`, `html4` and `html5`). This is the
1392− default in `odt` output. Note that currently only Firefox
1290+ `html4` and `html5`). This is the default in `odt` output. Note that
1393− and Safari (and select e-book readers) natively support
1291+ currently only Firefox and Safari (and select e-book readers) natively
1394− MathML.
1292+ support MathML.
1396`--webtex`[`=`*URL*]
1294`--webtex`[`=`*URL*]
@@ -1415,19 +1313,21 @@ results only for basic math, usually you will want to use
1415`--gladtex`
1313`--gladtex`
1417: Enclose TeX math in `<eq>` tags in HTML output. The resulting HTML
1315: Enclose TeX math in `<eq>` tags in HTML output. The resulting HTML
1418− can then be processed by [GladTeX] to produce SVG images of the typeset
1316+ can then be processed by [GladTeX] to produce images of the typeset
1419− formulas and an HTML file with these images embedded.
1317+ formulas and an HTML file with links to these images.
1318+ So, the procedure is:
1421 pandoc -s --gladtex input.md -o myfile.htex
1320 pandoc -s --gladtex input.md -o myfile.htex
1422− gladtex -d image_dir myfile.htex
1321+ gladtex -d myfile-images myfile.htex
1423− # produces myfile.html and images in image_dir
1322+ # produces myfile.html and images in myfile-images
1425−[MathML]: https://www.w3.org/Math/
1324+[MathML]: http://www.w3.org/Math/
1426[MathJax]: https://www.mathjax.org
1325[MathJax]: https://www.mathjax.org
1427[KaTeX]: https://github.com/Khan/KaTeX
1326[KaTeX]: https://github.com/Khan/KaTeX
1428−[GladTeX]: https://humenda.github.io/GladTeX/
1327+[GladTeX]: http://humenda.github.io/GladTeX/
1430−## Options for wrapper scripts {.options}
1329+Options for wrapper scripts {.options}
1330+---------------------------
1432`--dump-args`
1332`--dump-args`
@@ -1451,277 +1351,8 @@ results only for basic math, usually you will want to use
1452 pandoc -o foo.html -s
1352 pandoc -o foo.html -s
1456−If pandoc completes successfully, it will return exit code 0.
1457−Nonzero exit codes have the following meanings:
1460−----- ------------------------------------
1461− 3 PandocFailOnWarningError
1463− 5 PandocTemplateError
1464− 6 PandocOptionError
1465− 21 PandocUnknownReaderError
1466− 22 PandocUnknownWriterError
1467− 23 PandocUnsupportedExtensionError
1468− 24 PandocCiteprocError
1469− 31 PandocEpubSubdirectoryError
1472− 47 PandocPDFProgramNotFoundError
1474− 62 PandocShouldNeverHappenError
1476− 64 PandocParseError
1477− 65 PandocParsecError
1478− 66 PandocMakePDFError
1479− 67 PandocSyntaxMapError
1480− 83 PandocFilterError
1482− 92 PandocUTF8DecodingError
1483− 93 PandocIpynbDecodingError
1484− 94 PandocUnsupportedCharsetError
1485− 97 PandocCouldNotFindDataFileError
1486− 99 PandocResourceNotFound
1487−----- ------------------------------------
1491−The `--defaults` option may be used to specify a package
1492−of options. Here is a sample defaults file demonstrating all of
1493−the fields that may be used:
1496−from: markdown+emoji
1497−# reader: may be used instead of from:
1499−# writer: may be used instead of to:
1501−# leave blank for output to stdout:
1503−# leave blank for input from stdin, use [] for no input:
1507−# or you may use input-file: with a single value
1509−# Include options from the specified defaults files.
1510−# The files will be searched for first in the working directory
1511−# and then in the defaults subdirectory of the user data directory.
1512−# The files are included in the same order in which they appear in
1513−# the list. Options specified in this defaults file always have
1514−# priority over the included ones.
1521−self-contained: false
1523−# note that structured variables may be specified:
1525− documentclass: book
1530−# metadata values specified here are parsed as literal
1531−# string text, not markdown:
1538−# or you may use metadata-file: with a single value
1540−# Note that these take files, not their contents:
1541−include-before-body: []
1542−include-after-body: []
1543−include-in-header: []
1544−resource-path: ["."]
1546−# turn on built-in citation processing. Note that if you need
1547−# control over when the citeproc processing is done relative
1548−# to other filters, you should instead use `citeproc` in the
1549−# list of `filters` (see below).
1555−citation-abbreviations: abbrevs.json
1557−# Filters will be assumed to be Lua filters if they have
1558−# the .lua extension, and json filters otherwise. But
1559−# the filter type can also be specified explicitly, as shown.
1560−# Filters are run in the order specified.
1561−# To include the built-in citeproc filter, use either `citeproc`
1562−# or `{type: citeproc}`.
1572−# ERROR, WARNING, or INFO
1576−# citeproc, natbib, or biblatex. This only affects LaTeX
1577−# output. If you want to use citeproc to format citations,
1578−# you should also set 'citeproc: true' (see above).
1579−cite-method: citeproc
1581−# part, chapter, section, or default:
1582−top-level-division: chapter
1585−pdf-engine: pdflatex
1588−# you may also use pdf-engine-opt: with a single option
1589−# pdf-engine-opt: "-shell-escape"
1591−# auto, preserve, or none
1596−extract-media: mediadir
1598−table-of-contents: true
1600−number-sections: false
1601−# a list of offsets at each heading level
1602−number-offset: [0,0,0,0,0,0]
1603−# toc: may also be used instead of table-of-contents:
1604−shift-heading-level-by: 1
1606−identifier-prefix: foo
1608−strip-empty-paragraphs: true
1609−# lf, crlf, or native
1611−strip-comments: false
1612−indented-code-classes: []
1614−default-image-extension: ".jpg"
1616−# either a style name of a style definition file:
1617−highlight-style: pygments
1620−# or you may use syntax-definition: with a single value
1623−reference-doc: myref.docx
1625−# method is plain, webtex, gladtex, mathml, mathjax, katex
1626−# you may specify a url with webtex, mathjax, katex
1629− url: "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"
1630−# none, references, or javascript
1631−email-obfuscation: javascript
1639−epub-subdirectory: EPUB
1640−epub-metadata: meta.xml
1643−epub-chapter-level: 1
1644−epub-cover-image: cover.jpg
1646−reference-links: true
1647−# block, section, or document
1648−reference-location: block
1649−markdown-headings: setext
1651−# accept, reject, or all
1652−track-changes: accept
1658−# none, all, or best
1661−# A list of two-element lists
1663−- ["User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0"]
1665−fail-if-warnings: false
1671−Fields that are omitted will just have their regular
1672−default values. So a defaults file can be as simple as
1679−In fields that expect a file path (or list of file paths), the
1680−following syntax may be used to interpolate environment variables:
1683−csl: ${HOME}/mycsldir/special.csl
1686−`${USERDATA}` may also be used; this will always resolve to the
1687−user data directory that is current when the defaults file is
1688−parsed, regardless of the setting of the environment
1689−variable `USERDATA`.
1691−`${.}` will resolve to the directory containing the default
1692−file itself. This allows you to refer to resources contained
1696−epub-cover-image: ${.}/cover.jpg
1697−epub-metadata: ${.}/meta.xml
1699−- . # the working directory from which pandoc is run
1700−- ${.}/images # the images subdirectory of the directory
1701− # containing this defaults file
1704−This environment variable interpolation syntax *only* works in
1705−fields that expect file paths.
1707−Default files can be placed in the `defaults` subdirectory of
1708−the user data directory and used from any directory. For
1709−example, one could create a file specifying defaults for writing
1710−letters, save it as `letter.yaml` in the `defaults` subdirectory
1711−of the user data directory, and then invoke these defaults
1712−from any directory using `pandoc --defaults letter`
1713−or `pandoc -dletter`.
1715−When multiple defaults are used, their contents will be combined.
1717−Note that, where command-line arguments may be repeated
1718−(`--metadata-file`, `--css`, `--include-in-header`,
1719−`--include-before-body`, `--include-after-body`, `--variable`,
1720−`--metadata`, `--syntax-definition`), the values specified on
1721−the command line will combine with values specified in the
1722−defaults file, rather than replacing them.
1724−# Templates
1354+Templates
1726When the `-s/--standalone` option is used, pandoc uses a template to
1357When the `-s/--standalone` option is used, pandoc uses a template to
1727add header and footer material that is needed for a self-standing
1358add header and footer material that is needed for a self-standing
@@ -1747,398 +1378,18 @@ directory (see `--data-dir`, above). *Exceptions:*
1747Templates contain *variables*, which allow for the inclusion of
1378Templates contain *variables*, which allow for the inclusion of
1748arbitrary information at any point in the file. They may be set at the
1379arbitrary information at any point in the file. They may be set at the
1749command line using the `-V/--variable` option. If a variable is not set,
1380command line using the `-V/--variable` option. If a variable is not set,
1750−pandoc will look for the key in the document's metadata, which can be set
1381+pandoc will look for the key in the document's metadata – which can be set
1751using either [YAML metadata blocks][Extension: `yaml_metadata_block`]
1382using either [YAML metadata blocks][Extension: `yaml_metadata_block`]
1752−or with the `-M/--metadata` option. In addition, some variables
1383+or with the `-M/--metadata` option.
1753−are given default values by pandoc. See [Variables] below for
1754−a list of variables used in pandoc's default templates.
1756−If you use custom templates, you may need to revise them as pandoc
1757−changes. We recommend tracking the changes in the default templates,
1758−and modifying your custom templates accordingly. An easy way to do this
1759−is to fork the [pandoc-templates] repository and merge in
1760−changes after each pandoc release.
1762− [pandoc-templates]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc-templates
1768−Anything between the sequence `$--` and the end of the
1769−line will be treated as a comment and omitted from the output.
1773−To mark variables and control structures in the template,
1774−either `$`...`$` or `${`...`}` may be used as delimiters.
1775−The styles may also be mixed in the same template, but the
1776−opening and closing delimiter must match in each case. The
1777−opening delimiter may be followed by one or more spaces
1778−or tabs, which will be ignored. The closing delimiter may
1779−be followed by one or more spaces or tabs, which will be
1782−To include a literal `$` in the document, use `$$`.
1784−### Interpolated variables
1786−A slot for an interpolated variable is a variable name surrounded
1787−by matched delimiters. Variable names must begin with a letter
1788−and can contain letters, numbers, `_`, `-`, and `.`. The
1789−keywords `it`, `if`, `else`, `endif`, `for`, `sep`, and `endfor` may
1790−not be used as variable names. Examples:
1803−Variable names with periods are used to get at structured
1804−variable values. So, for example, `employee.salary` will return the
1805−value of the `salary` field of the object that is the value of
1806−the `employee` field.
1808−- If the value of the variable is simple value, it will be
1809− rendered verbatim. (Note that no escaping is done;
1810− the assumption is that the calling program will escape
1811− the strings appropriately for the output format.)
1812−- If the value is a list, the values will be concatenated.
1813−- If the value is a map, the string `true` will be rendered.
1814−- Every other value will be rendered as the empty string.
1818−A conditional begins with `if(variable)` (enclosed in
1819−matched delimiters) and ends with `endif` (enclosed in matched
1820−delimiters). It may optionally contain an `else` (enclosed in
1821−matched delimiters). The `if` section is used if
1822−`variable` has a non-empty value, otherwise the `else`
1823−section is used (if present). Examples:
1838−${if(foo)}bar${endif}
1851−The keyword `elseif` may be used to simplify complex nested
1866−A for loop begins with `for(variable)` (enclosed in
1867−matched delimiters) and ends with `endfor` (enclosed in matched
1870−- If `variable` is an array, the material inside the loop will
1871− be evaluated repeatedly, with `variable` being set to each
1872− value of the array in turn, and concatenated.
1873−- If `variable` is a map, the material inside will be set to
1875−- If the value of the associated variable is not an array or
1876− a map, a single iteration will be performed on its value.
1881−$for(foo)$$foo$$sep$, $endfor$
1884− - $foo.last$, $foo.first$
1888− - ${ foo.bar.last }, ${ foo.bar.first }
1892−$it.name$: $it.office$
1896−You may optionally specify a separator between consecutive
1897−values using `sep` (enclosed in matched delimiters). The
1898−material between `sep` and the `endfor` is the separator.
1901−${ for(foo) }${ foo }${ sep }, ${ endfor }
1904−Instead of using `variable` inside the loop, the special
1905−anaphoric keyword `it` may be used.
1909− - ${ it.last }, ${ it.first }
1915−Partials (subtemplates stored in different files) may be
1916−included by using the name of the partial, followed
1917−by `()`, for example:
1923−Partials will be sought in the directory containing
1924−the main template. The file name will be assumed to
1925−have the same extension as the main template if it
1926−lacks an extension. When calling the partial, the
1927−full name including file extension can also be used:
1933−(If a partial is not found in the directory of the
1934−template and the template path is given as a relative
1935−path, it will also be sought in the `templates`
1936−subdirectory of the user data directory.)
1938−Partials may optionally be applied to variables using
1944−${ articles:bibentry() }
1947−If `articles` is an array, this will iterate over its
1948−values, applying the partial `bibentry()` to each one. So the
1949−second example above is equivalent to
1957−Note that the anaphoric keyword `it` must be used when
1958−iterating over partials. In the above examples,
1959−the `bibentry` partial should contain `it.title`
1960−(and so on) instead of `articles.title`.
1962−Final newlines are omitted from included partials.
1964−Partials may include other partials.
1966−A separator between values of an array may be specified
1967−in square brackets, immediately after the variable name
1973−${articles:bibentry()[; ]$
1976−The separator in this case is literal and (unlike with `sep`
1977−in an explicit `for` loop) cannot contain interpolated
1978−variables or other template directives.
1982−To ensure that content is "nested," that is, subsequent lines
1983−indented, use the `^` directive:
1986−$item.number$ $^$$item.description$ ($item.price$)
1989−In this example, if `item.description` has multiple lines,
1990−they will all be indented to line up with the first line:
1993−00123 A fine bottle of 18-year old
1994− Oban whiskey. ($148)
1997−To nest multiple lines to the same level, align them
1998−with the `^` directive in the template. For example:
2001−$item.number$ $^$$item.description$ ($item.price$)
2002− (Available til $item.sellby$.)
2008−00123 A fine bottle of 18-year old
2009− Oban whiskey. ($148)
2010− (Available til March 30, 2020.)
2013−If a variable occurs by itself on a line, preceded by whitespace
2014−and not followed by further text or directives on the same line,
2015−and the variable's value contains multiple lines, it will be
2016−nested automatically.
2018−### Breakable spaces
2020−Normally, spaces in the template itself (as opposed to values of
2021−the interpolated variables) are not breakable, but they can be
2022−made breakable in part of the template by using the `~` keyword
2023−(ended with another `~`).
2026−$~$This long line may break if the document is rendered
2027−with a short line length.$~$
2032−A pipe transforms the value of a variable or partial. Pipes are
2033−specified using a slash (`/`) between the variable name (or partial)
2034−and the pipe name. Example:
2041−$for(metadata/pairs)$
2042−- $it.key$: $it.value$
2045−$employee:name()/uppercase$
2048−Pipes may be chained:
2051−$for(employees/pairs)$
2052−$it.key/alpha/uppercase$. $it.name$
2056−Some pipes take parameters:
2059−|----------------------|------------|
2061−$it.name.first/uppercase/left 20 "| "$$it.name.salary/right 10 " | " " |"$
2063−|----------------------|------------|
2066−Currently the following pipes are predefined:
2068−- `pairs`: Converts a map or array to an array of maps,
2069− each with `key` and `value` fields. If the original
2070− value was an array, the `key` will be the array index,
2073−- `uppercase`: Converts text to uppercase.
2075−- `lowercase`: Converts text to lowercase.
2077−- `length`: Returns the length of the value: number
2078− of characters for a textual value, number of elements
2079− for a map or array.
2081−- `reverse`: Reverses a textual value or array,
2082− and has no effect on other values.
2084−- `first`: Returns the first value of an array, if
2085− applied to a non-empty array; otherwise returns
2086− the original value.
2088−- `last`: Returns the last value of an array, if
2089− applied to a non-empty array; otherwise returns
2090− the original value.
2092−- `rest`: Returns all but the first value of an array, if
2093− applied to a non-empty array; otherwise returns
2094− the original value.
2096−- `allbutlast`: Returns all but the last value of an array, if
2097− applied to a non-empty array; otherwise returns
2098− the original value.
2100−- `chomp`: Removes trailing newlines (and breakable space).
2102−- `nowrap`: Disables line wrapping on breakable spaces.
2104−- `alpha`: Converts textual values that can be
2105− read as an integer into lowercase alphabetic
2106− characters `a..z` (mod 26). This can be used to get lettered
2107− enumeration from array indices. To get uppercase
2108− letters, chain with `uppercase`.
2110−- `roman`: Converts textual values that can be
2111− read as an integer into lowercase roman numerials.
2112− This can be used to get lettered enumeration from array indices.
2113− To get uppercase roman, chain with `uppercase`.
2115−- `left n "leftborder" "rightborder"`: Renders a textual value
2116− in a block of width `n`, aligned to the left, with an optional
2117− left and right border. Has no effect on other values. This
2118− can be used to align material in tables. Widths are positive
2119− integers indicating the number of characters. Borders
2120− are strings inside double quotes; literal `"` and `\` characters
2121− must be backslash-escaped.
2123−- `right n "leftborder" "rightborder"`: Renders a textual value
2124− in a block of width `n`, aligned to the right, and has no
2125− effect on other values.
2127−- `center n "leftborder" "rightborder"`: Renders a textual
2128− value in a block of width `n`, aligned to the center, and has
2129− no effect on other values.
2134−### Metadata variables
1385+Metadata variables
2136`title`, `author`, `date`
1388`title`, `author`, `date`
2137: allow identification of basic aspects of the document. Included
1389: allow identification of basic aspects of the document. Included
2138 in PDF metadata through LaTeX and ConTeXt. These can be set
1390 in PDF metadata through LaTeX and ConTeXt. These can be set
2139 through a [pandoc title block][Extension: `pandoc_title_block`],
1391 through a [pandoc title block][Extension: `pandoc_title_block`],
2140− which allows for multiple authors, or through a
1392+ which allows for multiple authors, or through a YAML metadata block:
2141− [YAML metadata block][Extension: `yaml_metadata_block`]:
@@ -2146,13 +1397,6 @@ Currently the following pipes are predefined:
2146 - Peter Abelard
1397 - Peter Abelard
2149− Note that if you just want to set PDF or HTML metadata, without
2150− including a title block in the document itself, you can
2151− set the `title-meta`, `author-meta`, and `date-meta`
2152− variables. (By default these are set automatically, based
2153− on `title`, `author`, and `date`.) The page title in HTML
2154− is set by `pagetitle`, which is equal to `title` by default.
2156`subtitle`
1400`subtitle`
2157: document subtitle, included in HTML, EPUB, LaTeX, ConTeXt, and docx
1401: document subtitle, included in HTML, EPUB, LaTeX, ConTeXt, and docx
2158 documents
1402 documents
@@ -2178,7 +1422,7 @@ Currently the following pipes are predefined:
2178Additionally,
1422Additionally,
2179any root-level string metadata, not included in ODT, docx
1423any root-level string metadata, not included in ODT, docx
2180or pptx metadata is added as a *custom property*.
1424or pptx metadata is added as a *custom property*.
2181−The following [YAML] metadata block for instance:
1425+The following YAML metadata block for instance:
2184 title: 'This is the title'
1428 title: 'This is the title'
@@ -2197,7 +1441,8 @@ will include `title`, `author` and `description` as standard document
2197properties and `subtitle` as a custom property when converting to docx,
1441properties and `subtitle` as a custom property when converting to docx,
2198ODT or pptx.
1442ODT or pptx.
2200−### Language variables
1444+Language variables
2203: identifies the main language of the document using IETF language
1448: identifies the main language of the document using IETF language
@@ -2225,101 +1470,28 @@ ODT or pptx.
2225: the base script direction, either `rtl` (right-to-left)
1470: the base script direction, either `rtl` (right-to-left)
2226 or `ltr` (left-to-right).
1471 or `ltr` (left-to-right).
2228− For bidirectional documents, native pandoc `span`s and
1473+ For bidirectional documents, native pandoc `span`s and `div`s
2229− `div`s with the `dir` attribute (value `rtl` or `ltr`) can
1474+ with the `dir` attribute (value `rtl` or `ltr`) can be used to
2230− be used to override the base direction in some output
1475+ override the base direction in some output formats.
2231− formats. This may not always be necessary if the final
1476+ This may not always be necessary if the final renderer
2232− renderer (e.g. the browser, when generating HTML) supports
1477+ (e.g. the browser, when generating HTML) supports the
2233− the [Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm].
1478+ [Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm].
2235− When using LaTeX for bidirectional documents, only the
1480+ When using LaTeX for bidirectional documents, only the `xelatex` engine
2236− `xelatex` engine is fully supported (use
2237− `--pdf-engine=xelatex`).
1481+ is fully supported (use `--pdf-engine=xelatex`).
2239[BCP 47]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47
1483[BCP 47]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47
2240−[Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm]: https://www.w3.org/International/articles/inline-bidi-markup/uba-basics
1484+[Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm]: http://www.w3.org/International/articles/inline-bidi-markup/uba-basics
2241[Language subtag lookup]: https://r12a.github.io/app-subtags/
1485[Language subtag lookup]: https://r12a.github.io/app-subtags/
2243−### Variables for HTML
2246−: Enables inclusion of most of the [CSS] in the `styles.html`
2247− [partial](#partials) (have a look with
2248− `pandoc --print-default-data-file=templates/styles.html`).
2249− Unless you use [`--css`](#option--css), this variable
2250− is set to `true` by default. You can disable it with
2251− e.g. `pandoc -M document-css=false`.
2254−: sets the CSS `font-family` property on the `html` element.
2257−: sets the base CSS `font-size`, which you'd usually set
2258− to e.g. `20px`, but it also accepts `pt`
2259− (12pt = 16px in most browsers).
2262−: sets the CSS `color` property on the `html` element.
2265−: sets the CSS `color` property on all links.
2268−: sets the CSS `font-family` property on `code` elements.
2270−`monobackgroundcolor`
2271−: sets the CSS `background-color` property on `code` elements
2272− and adds extra padding.
2275−: sets the CSS `line-height` property on the `html` element,
2276− which is preferred to be unitless.
2279−: sets the CSS `background-color` property on the `html` element.
2281−`margin-left`, `margin-right`, `margin-top`, `margin-bottom`
2282−: sets the corresponding CSS `padding` properties on the `body` element.
2284−To override or extend some [CSS] for just one document, include for example:
2290− font-style: italic;
2293− background-color: #f0f0f0;
2296− padding: 0.5em 2em 0.5em 0.5em;
2299− border-bottom: none;
2304−[CSS]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS
2306−### Variables for HTML math
2309−: when using [KaTeX](#option--katex), you can render display
2310−math equations flush left using [YAML metadata](#layout) or with
2311−`-M classoption=fleqn`.
2313−### Variables for HTML slides
1487+Variables for HTML slides
1488+-------------------------
2315These affect HTML output when [producing slide shows with pandoc].
1490These affect HTML output when [producing slide shows with pandoc].
2316−
1491+All [reveal.js configuration options] are available as variables.
2318−: author affiliations: can be a list when there are multiple authors
2320`revealjs-url`
1493`revealjs-url`
2321−: base URL for reveal.js documents (defaults to
1494+: base URL for reveal.js documents (defaults to `reveal.js`)
2322− `https://unpkg.com/reveal.js@^4/`)
2325: base URL for S5 documents (defaults to `s5/default`)
1497: base URL for S5 documents (defaults to `s5/default`)
@@ -2331,16 +1503,10 @@ These affect HTML output when [producing slide shows with pandoc].
2331`slideous-url`
1503`slideous-url`
2332: base URL for Slideous documents (defaults to `slideous`)
1504: base URL for Slideous documents (defaults to `slideous`)
2334−`title-slide-attributes`
2335−: additional attributes for the title slide of reveal.js slide shows.
2336− See [background in reveal.js and beamer] for an example.
2338−All [reveal.js configuration options] are available as variables.
2339−To turn off boolean flags that default to true in reveal.js, use `0`.
2341−[reveal.js configuration options]: https://revealjs.com/config/
1506+[reveal.js configuration options]: https://github.com/hakimel/reveal.js#configuration
2343−### Variables for Beamer slides
1508+Variables for Beamer slides
1509+---------------------------
2345These variables change the appearance of PDF slides using [`beamer`].
1511These variables change the appearance of PDF slides using [`beamer`].
@@ -2369,7 +1535,7 @@ These variables change the appearance of PDF slides using [`beamer`].
2369: enables "title pages" for new sections (default is true)
1535: enables "title pages" for new sections (default is true)
2371`theme`, `colortheme`, `fonttheme`, `innertheme`, `outertheme`
1537`theme`, `colortheme`, `fonttheme`, `innertheme`, `outertheme`
2372−: beamer themes
1538+: beamer themes:
2374`themeoptions`
1540`themeoptions`
2375: options for LaTeX beamer themes (a list).
1541: options for LaTeX beamer themes (a list).
@@ -2377,27 +1543,19 @@ These variables change the appearance of PDF slides using [`beamer`].
2377`titlegraphic`
1543`titlegraphic`
2378: image for title slide
1544: image for title slide
2380−### Variables for PowerPoint
2382−These variables control the visual aspects of a slide show that
2383−are not easily controlled via templates.
2386−: font to use for code.
2388−### Variables for LaTeX
1546+Variables for LaTeX
2390Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with a LaTeX engine.
1549Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with a LaTeX engine.
2392−#### Layout
1551+### Layout
2394`block-headings`
1553`block-headings`
2395−: make `\paragraph` and `\subparagraph` (fourth- and
1554+: make `\paragraph` and `\subparagraph` (fourth- and fifth-level headings, or
2396− fifth-level headings, or fifth- and sixth-level with book
2397− classes) free-standing rather than run-in; requires further
1555+ fifth- and sixth-level with book classes) free-standing rather than run-in;
2398− formatting to distinguish from `\subsubsection` (third- or
1556+ requires further formatting to distinguish from `\subsubsection` (third- or
2399− fourth-level headings). Instead of using this option,
1557+ fourth-level headings). Instead of using this option, [KOMA-Script] can adjust
2400− [KOMA-Script] can adjust headings more extensively:
1558+ headings more extensively:
2403 documentclass: scrartcl
1561 documentclass: scrartcl
@@ -2423,10 +1581,9 @@ Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with a LaTeX engine.
2425`documentclass`
1583`documentclass`
2426−: document class: usually one of the standard classes,
1584+: document class: usually one of the standard classes, [`article`], [`book`],
2427− [`article`], [`book`], and [`report`]; the [KOMA-Script]
2428− equivalents, `scrartcl`, `scrbook`, and `scrreprt`, which
1585+ and [`report`]; the [KOMA-Script] equivalents, `scrartcl`, `scrbook`,
2429− default to smaller margins; or [`memoir`]
1586+ and `scrreprt`, which default to smaller margins; or [`memoir`]
2431`geometry`
1588`geometry`
2432: option for [`geometry`] package, e.g. `margin=1in`;
1589: option for [`geometry`] package, e.g. `margin=1in`;
@@ -2439,21 +1596,9 @@ Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with a LaTeX engine.
2439 - heightrounded
1596 - heightrounded
2443−: option for [`hyperref`] package, e.g. `linktoc=all`;
2444− repeat for multiple options:
2450− - pdfpagemode=FullScreen
2454−: if true, pandoc will use document class settings for
2455− indentation (the default LaTeX template otherwise removes
1600+: uses document class settings for indentation (the default LaTeX template
2456− indentation and adds space between paragraphs)
1601+ otherwise removes indentation and adds space between paragraphs)
2458`linestretch`
1603`linestretch`
2459: adjusts line spacing using the [`setspace`]
1604: adjusts line spacing using the [`setspace`]
@@ -2475,11 +1620,11 @@ Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with a LaTeX engine.
2475: numbering depth for sections (with `--number-sections` option
1620: numbering depth for sections (with `--number-sections` option
2476 or `numbersections` variable)
1621 or `numbersections` variable)
2478−#### Fonts
1623+### Fonts
2480`fontenc`
1625`fontenc`
2481−: allows font encoding to be specified through `fontenc` package (with
1626+: allows font encoding to be specified through `fontenc` package (with `pdflatex`);
2482− `pdflatex`); default is `T1` (see [LaTeX font encodings guide])
1627+ default is `T1` (see [LaTeX font encodings guide])
2484`fontfamily`
1629`fontfamily`
2485: font package for use with `pdflatex`:
1630: font package for use with `pdflatex`:
@@ -2499,9 +1644,9 @@ Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with a LaTeX engine.
2501`fontsize`
1646`fontsize`
2502−: font size for body text. The standard classes allow 10pt, 11pt, and
1647+: font size for body text. The standard classes allow 10pt, 11pt, and 12pt.
2503− 12pt. To use another size, set `documentclass` to one of
1648+ To use another size, set `documentclass` to one of the [KOMA-Script] classes,
2504− the [KOMA-Script] classes, such as `scrartcl` or `scrbook`.
1649+ such as `scrartcl` or `scrbook`.
2506`mainfont`, `sansfont`, `monofont`, `mathfont`, `CJKmainfont`
1651`mainfont`, `sansfont`, `monofont`, `mathfont`, `CJKmainfont`
2507: font families for use with `xelatex` or
1652: font families for use with `xelatex` or
@@ -2510,10 +1655,9 @@ Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with a LaTeX engine.
2511`mainfontoptions`, `sansfontoptions`, `monofontoptions`, `mathfontoptions`, `CJKoptions`
1656`mainfontoptions`, `sansfontoptions`, `monofontoptions`, `mathfontoptions`, `CJKoptions`
2512: options to use with `mainfont`, `sansfont`, `monofont`, `mathfont`,
1657: options to use with `mainfont`, `sansfont`, `monofont`, `mathfont`,
2513− `CJKmainfont` in `xelatex` and `lualatex`. Allow for any
1658+ `CJKmainfont` in `xelatex` and `lualatex`. Allow for any choices
2514− choices available through [`fontspec`]; repeat for multiple
1659+ available through [`fontspec`]; repeat for multiple options. For example,
2515− options. For example, to use the [TeX Gyre] version of
2516− Palatino with lowercase figures:
1660+ to use the [TeX Gyre] version of Palatino with lowercase figures:
2519 mainfont: TeX Gyre Pagella
1663 mainfont: TeX Gyre Pagella
@@ -2525,7 +1669,7 @@ Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with a LaTeX engine.
2525`microtypeoptions`
1669`microtypeoptions`
2526: options to pass to the microtype package
1670: options to pass to the microtype package
2528−#### Links
1672+### Links
2530`colorlinks`
1674`colorlinks`
2531: add color to link text; automatically enabled if any of
1675: add color to link text; automatically enabled if any of
@@ -2540,7 +1684,7 @@ Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with a LaTeX engine.
2540`links-as-notes`
1684`links-as-notes`
2541: causes links to be printed as footnotes
1685: causes links to be printed as footnotes
2543−#### Front matter
1687+### Front matter
2545`lof`, `lot`
1689`lof`, `lot`
2546: include list of figures, list of tables
1690: include list of figures, list of tables
@@ -2549,13 +1693,12 @@ Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with a LaTeX engine.
2549: contents of acknowledgments footnote after document title
1693: contents of acknowledgments footnote after document title
2552−: include table of contents (can also be set using
1696+: include table of contents (can also be set using `--toc/--table-of-contents`)
2553− `--toc/--table-of-contents`)
2555`toc-depth`
1698`toc-depth`
2556: level of section to include in table of contents
1699: level of section to include in table of contents
2558−#### BibLaTeX Bibliographies
1701+### BibLaTeX Bibliographies
2560These variables function when using BibLaTeX for [citation rendering].
1703These variables function when using BibLaTeX for [citation rendering].
@@ -2575,7 +1718,7 @@ These variables function when using BibLaTeX for [citation rendering].
2575: list of options for natbib
1718: list of options for natbib
2577[KOMA-Script]: https://ctan.org/pkg/koma-script
1720[KOMA-Script]: https://ctan.org/pkg/koma-script
2578−[LaTeX Font Catalogue]: https://tug.org/FontCatalogue/
1721+[LaTeX Font Catalogue]: http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/
2579[LaTeX font encodings guide]: https://ctan.org/pkg/encguide
1722[LaTeX font encodings guide]: https://ctan.org/pkg/encguide
2580[TeX Gyre]: http://www.gust.org.pl/projects/e-foundry/tex-gyre
1723[TeX Gyre]: http://www.gust.org.pl/projects/e-foundry/tex-gyre
2581[`article`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/article
1724[`article`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/article
@@ -2584,7 +1727,8 @@ These variables function when using BibLaTeX for [citation rendering].
2584[`memoir`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/memoir
1727[`memoir`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/memoir
2585[`report`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/report
1728[`report`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/report
2587−### Variables for ConTeXt
1730+Variables for ConTeXt
1731+---------------------
2589Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with ConTeXt.
1733Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with ConTeXt.
@@ -2592,12 +1736,12 @@ Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with ConTeXt.
2592: font size for body text (e.g. `10pt`, `12pt`)
1736: font size for body text (e.g. `10pt`, `12pt`)
2594`headertext`, `footertext`
1738`headertext`, `footertext`
2595−: text to be placed in running header or footer (see [ConTeXt Headers and
1739+: text to be placed in running header or footer (see [ConTeXt Headers and Footers]);
2596− Footers]); repeat up to four times for different placement
1740+ repeat up to four times for different placement
2598`indenting`
1742`indenting`
2599−: controls indentation of paragraphs, e.g. `yes,small,next` (see
1743+: controls indentation of paragraphs, e.g. `yes,small,next` (see [ConTeXt Indentation]);
2600− [ConTeXt Indentation]); repeat for multiple options
1744+ repeat for multiple options
2602`interlinespace`
1746`interlinespace`
2603: adjusts line spacing, e.g. `4ex` (using [`setupinterlinespace`]);
1747: adjusts line spacing, e.g. `4ex` (using [`setupinterlinespace`]);
@@ -2608,19 +1752,16 @@ Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with ConTeXt.
2608 repeat for multiple options
1752 repeat for multiple options
2610`linkcolor`, `contrastcolor`
1754`linkcolor`, `contrastcolor`
2611−: color for links outside and inside a page, e.g. `red`, `blue` (see
1755+: color for links outside and inside a page, e.g. `red`, `blue` (see [ConTeXt Color])
2614`linkstyle`
1757`linkstyle`
2615−: typeface style for links, e.g. `normal`, `bold`, `slanted`, `boldslanted`,
1758+: typeface style for links, e.g. `normal`, `bold`, `slanted`, `boldslanted`, `type`, `cap`, `small`
2616− `type`, `cap`, `small`
2618`lof`, `lot`
1760`lof`, `lot`
2619: include list of figures, list of tables
1761: include list of figures, list of tables
2621`mainfont`, `sansfont`, `monofont`, `mathfont`
1763`mainfont`, `sansfont`, `monofont`, `mathfont`
2622−: font families: take the name of any system font (see
1764+: font families: take the name of any system font (see [ConTeXt Font Switching])
2623− [ConTeXt Font Switching])
2625`margin-left`, `margin-right`, `margin-top`, `margin-bottom`
1766`margin-left`, `margin-right`, `margin-top`, `margin-bottom`
2626: sets margins, if `layout` is not used (otherwise `layout`
1767: sets margins, if `layout` is not used (otherwise `layout`
@@ -2635,41 +1776,18 @@ Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with ConTeXt.
2635 repeat for multiple options
1776 repeat for multiple options
2638−: adds to the preamble the setup necessary to generate PDF/A
1779+: adds to the preamble the setup necessary to generate PDF/A-1b:2005.
2639− of the type specified, e.g. `1a:2005`, `2a`. If no type is
2640− specified (i.e. the value is set to True, by e.g.
2641− `--metadata=pdfa` or `pdfa: true` in a YAML metadata block),
2642− `1b:2005` will be used as default, for reasons of backwards
2643− compatibility. Using `--variable=pdfa` without specified value
2644− is not supported. To successfully generate PDF/A the required
1780+ To successfully generate PDF/A the required ICC color profiles have to
2645− ICC color profiles have to be available and the content and all
1781+ be available and the content and all included files (such as images)
2646− included files (such as images) have to be standard conforming.
1782+ have to be standard conforming. The ICC profiles can be obtained
2647− The ICC profiles and output intent may be specified using the
1783+ from [ConTeXt ICC Profiles]. See also [ConTeXt PDFA] for more
2648− variables `pdfaiccprofile` and `pdfaintent`. See also [ConTeXt
2649− PDFA] for more details.
1784+ details.
2652−: when used in conjunction with `pdfa`, specifies the ICC profile to use
2653− in the PDF, e.g. `default.cmyk`. If left unspecified, `sRGB.icc` is
2654− used as default. May be repeated to include multiple profiles. Note that
2655− the profiles have to be available on the system. They can be obtained
2656− from [ConTeXt ICC Profiles].
2659−: when used in conjunction with `pdfa`, specifies the output intent for
2660− the colors, e.g. `ISO coated v2 300\letterpercent\space (ECI)`
2661− If left unspecified, `sRGB IEC61966-2.1` is used as default.
2664−: include table of contents (can also be set using
1787+: include table of contents (can also be set using `--toc/--table-of-contents`)
2665− `--toc/--table-of-contents`)
2667`whitespace`
1789`whitespace`
2668−: spacing between paragraphs, e.g. `none`, `small` (using
1790+: spacing between paragraphs, e.g. `none`, `small` (using [`setupwhitespace`])
2669− [`setupwhitespace`])
2672−: include all source documents as file attachments in the PDF file
2674[ConTeXt Paper Setup]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/PaperSetup
1792[ConTeXt Paper Setup]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/PaperSetup
2675[ConTeXt Layout]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Layout
1793[ConTeXt Layout]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Layout
@@ -2683,7 +1801,8 @@ Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with ConTeXt.
2683[`setupinterlinespace`]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Command/setupinterlinespace
1801[`setupinterlinespace`]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Command/setupinterlinespace
2684[`setuppagenumbering`]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Command/setuppagenumbering
1802[`setuppagenumbering`]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Command/setuppagenumbering
2686−### Variables for `wkhtmltopdf`
1804+Variables for `wkhtmltopdf`
1805+---------------------------
2688Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with [`wkhtmltopdf`].
1807Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with [`wkhtmltopdf`].
2689The `--css` option also affects the output.
1808The `--css` option also affects the output.
@@ -2697,7 +1816,8 @@ The `--css` option also affects the output.
2697`papersize`
1816`papersize`
2698: sets the PDF paper size
1817: sets the PDF paper size
2700−### Variables for man pages
1819+Variables for man pages
1820+-----------------------
2702`adjusting`
1822`adjusting`
2703: adjusts text to left (`l`), right (`r`), center (`c`),
1823: adjusts text to left (`l`), right (`r`), center (`c`),
@@ -2715,7 +1835,8 @@ The `--css` option also affects the output.
2715`section`
1835`section`
2716: section number in man pages
1836: section number in man pages
2718−### Variables for ms
1838+Variables for ms
2720`fontfamily`
1841`fontfamily`
2721: font family (e.g. `T` or `P`)
1842: font family (e.g. `T` or `P`)
@@ -2729,7 +1850,8 @@ The `--css` option also affects the output.
2729`pointsize`
1850`pointsize`
2730: point size (e.g. `10p`)
1851: point size (e.g. `10p`)
2732−### Variables set automatically
1853+Structural variables
1854+--------------------
2734Pandoc sets these variables automatically in response to [options] or
1856Pandoc sets these variables automatically in response to [options] or
2735document contents; users can also modify them. These vary depending
1857document contents; users can also modify them. These vary depending
@@ -2769,9 +1891,9 @@ on the output format, and include the following:
2770`sourcefile`, `outputfile`
1892`sourcefile`, `outputfile`
2771: source and destination filenames, as given on the command line.
1893: source and destination filenames, as given on the command line.
2772− `sourcefile` can also be a list if input comes from multiple files,
1894+ `sourcefile` can also be a list if input comes from multiple files, or empty
2773− or empty if input is from stdin. You can use the following snippet in
1895+ if input is from stdin. You can use the following snippet in your template
2774− your template to distinguish them:
1896+ to distinguish them:
2776 $if(sourcefile)$
1898 $if(sourcefile)$
2777 $for(sourcefile)$
1899 $for(sourcefile)$
@@ -2793,11 +1915,82 @@ on the output format, and include the following:
2794`toc-title`
1916`toc-title`
2795: title of table of contents (works only with EPUB,
1917: title of table of contents (works only with EPUB,
2796− HTML, opendocument, odt, docx, pptx, beamer, LaTeX)
1918+ opendocument, odt, docx, pptx, beamer, LaTeX)
1920+Using variables in templates
1921+----------------------------
1923+Variable names are sequences of alphanumerics, `-`, and `_`,
1924+starting with a letter. A variable name surrounded by `$` signs
1925+will be replaced by its value. For example, the string `$title$` in
1927+ <title>$title$</title>
1929+will be replaced by the document title.
1931+To write a literal `$` in a template, use `$$`.
1933+Templates may contain conditionals. The syntax is as follows:
1941+This will include `X` in the template if `variable` has a truthy
1942+value; otherwise it will include `Y`. Here a truthy value is any
1945+- a string that is not entirely white space,
1946+- a non-empty array where the first value is truthy,
1947+- any number (including zero),
1949+- the boolean `true` (to specify the boolean `true`
1950+ value using YAML metadata or the `--metadata` flag,
1951+ use `true`, `True`, or `TRUE`; with the `--variable`
1952+ flag, simply omit a value for the variable, e.g.
1953+ `--variable draft`).
1955+`X` and `Y` are placeholders for any valid template text,
1956+and may include interpolated variables or other conditionals.
1957+The `$else$` section may be omitted.
1959+When variables can have multiple values (for example, `author` in
1960+a multi-author document), you can use the `$for$` keyword:
1963+ <meta name="author" content="$author$" />
1966+You can optionally specify a separator to be used between
1969+ $for(author)$$author$$sep$, $endfor$
1971+Note that the separator needs to be specified immediately before the `$endfor`
1974+A dot can be used to select a field of a variable that takes
1975+an object as its value. So, for example:
1977+ $author.name$ ($author.affiliation$)
1979+The value of a variable will be indented to the same level as the variable.
1981+If you use custom templates, you may need to revise them as pandoc
1982+changes. We recommend tracking the changes in the default templates,
1983+and modifying your custom templates accordingly. An easy way to do this
1984+is to fork the [pandoc-templates] repository and merge in changes after each
1987+Templates may contain comments: anything on a line after `$--`
1988+will be treated as a comment and ignored.
2798[pandoc-templates]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc-templates
1990[pandoc-templates]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc-templates
2800−# Extensions
1992+Extensions
2802The behavior of some of the readers and writers can be adjusted by
1995The behavior of some of the readers and writers can be adjusted by
2803enabling or disabling various extensions.
1996enabling or disabling various extensions.
@@ -2818,7 +2011,8 @@ Note that markdown extensions added to the `ipynb` format
2818affect Markdown cells in Jupyter notebooks (as do command-line
2011affect Markdown cells in Jupyter notebooks (as do command-line
2819options like `--atx-headers`).
2012options like `--atx-headers`).
2821−## Typography
2014+Typography
2823#### Extension: `smart` ####
2017#### Extension: `smart` ####
@@ -2850,7 +2044,8 @@ literally. In writing LaTeX, enabling `smart` tells pandoc
2850to use the ligatures when possible; if `smart` is disabled
2044to use the ligatures when possible; if `smart` is disabled
2851pandoc will use unicode quotation mark and dash characters.
2045pandoc will use unicode quotation mark and dash characters.
2853−## Headings and sections
2047+Headings and sections
2048+---------------------
2855#### Extension: `auto_identifiers` ####
2050#### Extension: `auto_identifiers` ####
@@ -2931,9 +2126,9 @@ Changes the algorithm used by `auto_identifiers` to conform to
2931GitHub's method. Spaces are converted to dashes (`-`),
2126GitHub's method. Spaces are converted to dashes (`-`),
2932uppercase characters to lowercase characters, and punctuation
2127uppercase characters to lowercase characters, and punctuation
2933characters other than `-` and `_` are removed.
2128characters other than `-` and `_` are removed.
2934−Emojis are replaced by their names.
2936−## Math Input
2130+Math Input
2938The extensions [`tex_math_dollars`](#extension-tex_math_dollars),
2133The extensions [`tex_math_dollars`](#extension-tex_math_dollars),
2939[`tex_math_single_backslash`](#extension-tex_math_single_backslash), and
2134[`tex_math_single_backslash`](#extension-tex_math_single_backslash), and
@@ -2943,47 +2138,59 @@ are described in the section about Pandoc's Markdown.
2943However, they can also be used with HTML input. This is handy for
2138However, they can also be used with HTML input. This is handy for
2944reading web pages formatted using MathJax, for example.
2139reading web pages formatted using MathJax, for example.
2946−## Raw HTML/TeX
2141+Raw HTML/TeX
2144+The following extensions (especially how they affect Markdown
2145+input/output) are also described in more detail in their respective
2146+sections of [Pandoc's Markdown].
2948−The following extensions are described in more detail in
2148+#### Extension: `raw_html` {#raw_html}
2949−their respective sections of [Pandoc's Markdown]:
2951−- [`raw_html`](#extension-raw_html) allows HTML elements which
2150+When converting from HTML, parse elements to raw HTML which are not
2952− are not representable in pandoc's AST to be parsed as raw HTML.
2151+representable in pandoc's AST.
2953− By default, this is disabled for HTML input.
2152+By default, this is disabled for HTML input.
2955−- [`raw_tex`](#extension-raw_tex) allows raw LaTeX, TeX, and ConTeXt
2154+#### Extension: `raw_tex` {#raw_tex}
2956− to be included in a document. This extension can be enabled/disabled
2957− for the following formats (in addition to `markdown`):
2959− input formats
2156+Allows raw LaTeX, TeX, and ConTeXt to be included in a document.
2960− : `latex`, `textile`, `html` (environments, `\ref`, and
2961− `\eqref` only), `ipynb`
2963− output formats
2158+This extension can be enabled/disabled for the following formats
2964− : `textile`, `commonmark`
2159+(in addition to `markdown`):
2162+: `latex`, `org`, `textile`, `html` (environments, `\ref`, and
2163+ `\eqref` only), `ipynb`
2166+: `textile`, `commonmark`
2966− Note: as applied to `ipynb`, `raw_html` and `raw_tex` affect not
2168+Note: as applied to `ipynb`, `raw_html` and `raw_tex` affect not
2967− only raw TeX in markdown cells, but data with mime type
2169+only raw TeX in markdown cells, but data with mime type
2968− `text/html` in output cells. Since the `ipynb` reader attempts
2170+`text/html` in output cells. Since the `ipynb` reader attempts
2969− to preserve the richest possible outputs when several options
2171+to preserve the richest possible outputs when several options
2970− are given, you will get best results if you disable `raw_html`
2172+are given, you will get best results if you disable `raw_html`
2971− and `raw_tex` when converting to formats like `docx` which don't
2173+and `raw_tex` when converting to formats like `docx` which don't
2972− allow raw `html` or `tex`.
2174+allow raw `html` or `tex`.
2176+#### Extension: `native_divs` {#native_divs}
2178+This extension is enabled by default for HTML input. This means that
2179+`div`s are parsed to pandoc native elements. (Alternatively, you
2180+can parse them to raw HTML using `-f html-native_divs+raw_html`.)
2182+When converting HTML to Markdown, for example, you may want to drop all
2185+ pandoc -f html-native_divs-native_spans -t markdown
2974−- [`native_divs`](#extension-native_divs) causes HTML `div`
2187+#### Extension: `native_spans` {#native_spans}
2975− elements to be parsed as native pandoc Div blocks.
2976− If you want them to be parsed as raw HTML, use
2977− `-f html-native_divs+raw_html`.
2979−- [`native_spans`](#extension-native_spans) causes HTML `span`
2189+Analogous to `native_divs` above.
2980− elements to be parsed as native pandoc Span inlines.
2981− If you want them to be parsed as raw HTML, use
2982− `-f html-native_spans+raw_html`. If you want to drop all
2983− `div`s and `span`s when converting HTML to Markdown, you
2984− can use `pandoc -f html-native_divs-native_spans -t markdown`.
2986−## Literate Haskell support
2192+Literate Haskell support
2193+------------------------
2988#### Extension: `literate_haskell` ####
2195#### Extension: `literate_haskell` ####
@@ -3044,7 +2251,8 @@ Note that GHC expects the bird tracks in the first column, so indented
3044literate code blocks (e.g. inside an itemized environment) will not be
2251literate code blocks (e.g. inside an itemized environment) will not be
3045picked up by the Haskell compiler.
2252picked up by the Haskell compiler.
3047−## Other extensions
2254+Other extensions
3049#### Extension: `empty_paragraphs` ####
2257#### Extension: `empty_paragraphs` ####
@@ -3059,60 +2267,13 @@ input formats
3059output formats
2267output formats
3060: `docx`, `odt`, `opendocument`, `html`
2268: `docx`, `odt`, `opendocument`, `html`
3062−#### Extension: `native_numbering` ####
2270+#### Extension: `styles` #### {#ext-styles}
3064−Enables native numbering of figures and tables. Enumeration
3067−This extension can be enabled/disabled for the following formats:
3070−: `odt`, `opendocument`
3072−#### Extension: `xrefs_name` ####
3074−Links to headings, figures and tables inside the document are
3075−substituted with cross-references that will use the name or caption
3076−of the referenced item. The original link text is replaced once
3077−the generated document is refreshed. This extension can be combined
3078−with `xrefs_number` in which case numbers will appear before the
3081−Text in cross-references is only made consistent with the referenced
3082−item once the document has been refreshed.
3084−This extension can be enabled/disabled for the following formats:
3087−: `odt`, `opendocument`
3089−#### Extension: `xrefs_number` ####
3091−Links to headings, figures and tables inside the document are
3092−substituted with cross-references that will use the number
3093−of the referenced item. The original link text is discarded.
3094−This extension can be combined with `xrefs_name` in which case
3095−the name or caption numbers will appear after the number.
3097−For the `xrefs_number` to be useful heading numbers must be enabled
3098−in the generated document, also table and figure captions must be enabled
3099−using for example the `native_numbering` extension.
3101−Numbers in cross-references are only visible in the final document once
3102−it has been refreshed.
3104−This extension can be enabled/disabled for the following formats:
3107−: `odt`, `opendocument`
3109−#### Extension: `styles` #### {#ext-styles}
3111−When converting from docx, read all docx styles as divs (for
2272+When converting from docx, read all docx styles as divs (for
3112−paragraph styles) and spans (for character styles) regardless
2273+paragraph styles) and spans (for character styles) regardless
3113−of whether pandoc understands the meaning of these styles.
2274+of whether pandoc understands the meaning of these styles.
3114−This can be used with [docx custom styles](#custom-styles).
2275+This can be used with [docx custom styles](#custom-styles).
3115−Disabled by default.
2276+Disabled by default.
3117input formats
2278input formats
@@ -3122,36 +2283,22 @@ input formats
3122In the `muse` input format, this enables Text::Amuse
2283In the `muse` input format, this enables Text::Amuse
3123extensions to Emacs Muse markup.
2284extensions to Emacs Muse markup.
3125−#### Extension: `raw_markdown` ####
3127−In the `ipynb` input format, this causes Markdown cells
3128−to be included as raw Markdown blocks (allowing lossless
3129−round-tripping) rather than being parsed. Use this only
3130−when you are targeting `ipynb` or a markdown-based
3133#### Extension: `citations` {#org-citations}
2286#### Extension: `citations` {#org-citations}
3135−Some aspects of [Pandoc's Markdown citation syntax](#citations)
2288+Some aspects of [Pandoc's Markdown citation syntax](#citations) are also accepted
3136−are also accepted in `org` input.
2289+in `org` input.
3138−#### Extension: `element_citations` ####
3140−In the `jats` output formats, this causes reference items to
3141−be replaced with `<element-citation>` elements. These
3142−elements are not influenced by CSL styles, but all information
3143−on the item is included in tags.
3145#### Extension: `ntb` ####
2291#### Extension: `ntb` ####
3147In the `context` output format this enables the use of [Natural Tables
2293In the `context` output format this enables the use of [Natural Tables
3148−(TABLE)](https://wiki.contextgarden.net/TABLE) instead of the default
2294+(TABLE)](http://wiki.contextgarden.net/TABLE) instead of the default
3149−[Extreme Tables (xtables)](https://wiki.contextgarden.net/xtables).
2295+[Extreme Tables (xtables)](http://wiki.contextgarden.net/xtables).
3150Natural tables allow more fine-grained global customization but come
2296Natural tables allow more fine-grained global customization but come
3151at a performance penalty compared to extreme tables.
2297at a performance penalty compared to extreme tables.
3154−# Pandoc's Markdown
2300+Pandoc's Markdown
3156Pandoc understands an extended and slightly revised version of
2303Pandoc understands an extended and slightly revised version of
3157John Gruber's [Markdown] syntax. This document explains the syntax,
2304John Gruber's [Markdown] syntax. This document explains the syntax,
@@ -3161,7 +2308,8 @@ of `markdown`. Extensions can be enabled or disabled to specify the
3161behavior more granularly. They are described in the following. See also
2308behavior more granularly. They are described in the following. See also
3162[Extensions] above, for extensions that work also on other formats.
2309[Extensions] above, for extensions that work also on other formats.
3164−## Philosophy
2311+Philosophy
3166Markdown is designed to be easy to write, and, even more importantly,
2314Markdown is designed to be easy to write, and, even more importantly,
3167easy to read:
2315easy to read:
@@ -3169,7 +2317,7 @@ easy to read:
3169> A Markdown-formatted document should be publishable as-is, as plain
2317> A Markdown-formatted document should be publishable as-is, as plain
3170> text, without looking like it's been marked up with tags or formatting
2318> text, without looking like it's been marked up with tags or formatting
3171> instructions.
2319> instructions.
3172−> -- [John Gruber](https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax#philosophy)
2320+> -- [John Gruber](http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax#philosophy)
3174This principle has guided pandoc's decisions in finding syntax for
2322This principle has guided pandoc's decisions in finding syntax for
3175tables, footnotes, and other extensions.
2323tables, footnotes, and other extensions.
@@ -3182,7 +2330,8 @@ it discourages it, and provides other, non-HTMLish ways of representing
3182important document elements like definition lists, tables, mathematics, and
2330important document elements like definition lists, tables, mathematics, and
3183footnotes.
2331footnotes.
3185−## Paragraphs
2333+Paragraphs
3187A paragraph is one or more lines of text followed by one or more blank lines.
2336A paragraph is one or more lines of text followed by one or more blank lines.
3188Newlines are treated as spaces, so you can reflow your paragraphs as you like.
2337Newlines are treated as spaces, so you can reflow your paragraphs as you like.
@@ -3195,7 +2344,8 @@ Note: in multiline and grid table cells, this is the only way
3195to create a hard line break, since trailing spaces in the cells
2344to create a hard line break, since trailing spaces in the cells
3196are ignored.
2345are ignored.
3198−## Headings
2347+Headings
3200There are two kinds of headings: Setext and ATX.
2350There are two kinds of headings: Setext and ATX.
@@ -3248,8 +2398,7 @@ pandoc does require the space.
3249### Heading identifiers ###
2399### Heading identifiers ###
3251−See also the [`auto_identifiers`
3252−extension](#extension-auto_identifiers) above.
2401+See also the [`auto_identifiers` extension](#extension-auto_identifiers) above.
3254#### Extension: `header_attributes` ####
2403#### Extension: `header_attributes` ####
@@ -3274,7 +2423,7 @@ Note that although this syntax allows assignment of classes and key/value
3274attributes, writers generally don't use all of this information. Identifiers,
2423attributes, writers generally don't use all of this information. Identifiers,
3275classes, and key/value attributes are used in HTML and HTML-based formats such
2424classes, and key/value attributes are used in HTML and HTML-based formats such
3276as EPUB and slidy. Identifiers are used for labels and link anchors in the
2425as EPUB and slidy. Identifiers are used for labels and link anchors in the
3277−LaTeX, ConTeXt, Textile, Jira markup, and AsciiDoc writers.
2426+LaTeX, ConTeXt, Textile, and AsciiDoc writers.
3279Headings with the class `unnumbered` will not be numbered, even if
2428Headings with the class `unnumbered` will not be numbered, even if
3280`--number-sections` is specified. A single hyphen (`-`) in an attribute
2429`--number-sections` is specified. A single hyphen (`-`) in an attribute
@@ -3287,11 +2436,6 @@ is just the same as
3288 # My heading {.unnumbered}
2437 # My heading {.unnumbered}
3290−If the `unlisted` class is present in addition to `unnumbered`,
3291−the heading will not be included in a table of contents.
3292−(Currently this feature is only implemented for certain
3293−formats: those based on LaTeX and HTML, PowerPoint, and RTF.)
3295#### Extension: `implicit_header_references` ####
2439#### Extension: `implicit_header_references` ####
3297Pandoc behaves as if reference links have been defined for each heading.
2441Pandoc behaves as if reference links have been defined for each heading.
@@ -3332,7 +2476,8 @@ link will point to `bar`, not to `#foo`:
3333 See [foo]
2477 See [foo]
3335−## Block quotations
2479+Block quotations
3337Markdown uses email conventions for quoting blocks of text.
2482Markdown uses email conventions for quoting blocks of text.
3338A block quotation is one or more paragraphs or other block elements
2483A block quotation is one or more paragraphs or other block elements
@@ -3371,19 +2516,19 @@ block in a block quote, you need five spaces after the `>`:
3372#### Extension: `blank_before_blockquote` ####
2517#### Extension: `blank_before_blockquote` ####
3374−Standard Markdown syntax does not require a blank line before a
2519+Standard Markdown syntax does not require a blank line before a block
3375−block quote. Pandoc does require this (except, of course, at
2520+quote. Pandoc does require this (except, of course, at the beginning of the
3376−the beginning of the document). The reason for the requirement
2521+document). The reason for the requirement is that it is all too easy for a
3377−is that it is all too easy for a `>` to end up at the beginning
3378−of a line by accident (perhaps through line wrapping). So,
2522+`>` to end up at the beginning of a line by accident (perhaps through line
3379−unless the `markdown_strict` format is used, the following does
2523+wrapping). So, unless the `markdown_strict` format is used, the following does
3380not produce a nested block quote in pandoc:
2524not produce a nested block quote in pandoc:
3382 > This is a block quote.
2526 > This is a block quote.
3383 >> Nested.
2527 >> Nested.
3386−## Verbatim (code) blocks
2530+Verbatim (code) blocks
2531+----------------------
3388### Indented code blocks ###
2533### Indented code blocks ###
@@ -3445,16 +2590,14 @@ this syntax:
3445 qsort (filter (>= x) xs)
2590 qsort (filter (>= x) xs)
3446 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2591 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3448−Here `mycode` is an identifier, `haskell` and `numberLines` are
2593+Here `mycode` is an identifier, `haskell` and `numberLines` are classes, and
3449−classes, and `startFrom` is an attribute with value `100`. Some
2594+`startFrom` is an attribute with value `100`. Some output formats can use this
3450−output formats can use this information to do syntax
3451−highlighting. Currently, the only output formats that uses this
2595+information to do syntax highlighting. Currently, the only output formats
3452−information are HTML, LaTeX, Docx, Ms, and PowerPoint. If
2596+that uses this information are HTML, LaTeX, Docx, Ms, and PowerPoint. If
3453−highlighting is supported for your output format and language,
2597+highlighting is supported for your output format and language, then the code
3454−then the code block above will appear highlighted, with numbered
2598+block above will appear highlighted, with numbered lines. (To see which
3455−lines. (To see which languages are supported, type `pandoc
2599+languages are supported, type `pandoc --list-highlight-languages`.) Otherwise,
3456−--list-highlight-languages`.) Otherwise, the code block above
3457−will appear as follows:
2600+the code block above will appear as follows:
3459 <pre id="mycode" class="haskell numberLines" startFrom="100">
2602 <pre id="mycode" class="haskell numberLines" startFrom="100">
@@ -3491,7 +2634,8 @@ To set the highlighting style, use `--highlight-style`.
3491For more information on highlighting, see [Syntax highlighting],
2634For more information on highlighting, see [Syntax highlighting],
3494−## Line blocks
2637+Line blocks
3496#### Extension: `line_blocks` ####
2640#### Extension: `line_blocks` ####
@@ -3517,12 +2661,10 @@ line must begin with a space.
3517 | 200 Main St.
2661 | 200 Main St.
3518 | Berkeley, CA 94718
2662 | Berkeley, CA 94718
3520−Inline formatting (such as emphasis) is allowed in the content,
3521−but not block-level formatting (such as block quotes or lists).
3523This syntax is borrowed from [reStructuredText].
2664This syntax is borrowed from [reStructuredText].
3527### Bullet lists ###
2669### Bullet lists ###
@@ -3723,12 +2865,11 @@ a blank line, and must be followed by one or more definitions.
3723A definition begins with a colon or tilde, which may be indented one
2865A definition begins with a colon or tilde, which may be indented one
3724or two spaces.
2866or two spaces.
3726−A term may have multiple definitions, and each definition may
2868+A term may have multiple definitions, and each definition may consist of one or
3727−consist of one or more block elements (paragraph, code block,
2869+more block elements (paragraph, code block, list, etc.), each indented four
3728−list, etc.), each indented four spaces or one tab stop. The
3729−body of the definition (including the first line, aside from the
2870+spaces or one tab stop. The body of the definition (including the first line,
3730−colon or tilde) should be indented four spaces. However, as with
2871+aside from the colon or tilde) should be indented four spaces. However,
3731−other Markdown lists, you can "lazily" omit indentation except
2872+as with other Markdown lists, you can "lazily" omit indentation except
3732at the beginning of a paragraph or other block element:
2873at the beginning of a paragraph or other block element:
@@ -3754,10 +2895,9 @@ definition:
3754Note that space between items in a definition list is required.
2895Note that space between items in a definition list is required.
3755(A variant that loosens this requirement, but disallows "lazy"
2896(A variant that loosens this requirement, but disallows "lazy"
3756hard wrapping, can be activated with `compact_definition_lists`: see
2897hard wrapping, can be activated with `compact_definition_lists`: see
3757−[Non-default extensions], below.)
2898+[Non-pandoc extensions], below.)
3759−[^3]: I have been influenced by the suggestions of [David
2900+[^3]: I have been influenced by the suggestions of [David Wheeler](http://www.justatheory.com/computers/markup/modest-markdown-proposal.html).
3760− Wheeler](https://justatheory.com/2009/02/modest-markdown-proposal/).
3762### Numbered example lists ###
2902### Numbered example lists ###
@@ -3793,6 +2933,30 @@ list marker. That is, example lists always behave as if the
3793labels tend to be long, and indenting content to the
2933labels tend to be long, and indenting content to the
3794first non-space character after the label would be awkward.
2934first non-space character after the label would be awkward.
2936+### Compact and loose lists ###
2938+Pandoc behaves differently from `Markdown.pl` on some "edge
2939+cases" involving lists. Consider this source:
2949+Pandoc transforms this into a "compact list" (with no `<p>` tags around
2950+"First", "Second", or "Third"), while Markdown puts `<p>` tags around
2951+"Second" and "Third" (but not "First"), because of the blank space
2952+around "Third". Pandoc follows a simple rule: if the text is followed by
2953+a blank line, it is treated as a paragraph. Since "Second" is followed
2954+by a list, and not a blank line, it isn't treated as a paragraph. The
2955+fact that the list is followed by a blank line is irrelevant. (Note:
2956+Pandoc works this way even when the `markdown_strict` format is specified. This
2957+behavior is consistent with the official Markdown syntax description,
2958+even though it is different from that of `Markdown.pl`.)
3797### Ending a list ###
2961### Ending a list ###
@@ -3831,7 +2995,8 @@ of one big list:
3834−## Horizontal rules
2998+Horizontal rules
3836A line containing a row of three or more `*`, `-`, or `_` characters
3001A line containing a row of three or more `*`, `-`, or `_` characters
3837(optionally separated by spaces) produces a horizontal rule:
3002(optionally separated by spaces) produces a horizontal rule:
@@ -3841,7 +3006,8 @@ A line containing a row of three or more `*`, `-`, or `_` characters
3841 ---------------
3006 ---------------
3844−## Tables
3009+Tables
3846Four kinds of tables may be used. The first three kinds presuppose the use of
3012Four kinds of tables may be used. The first three kinds presuppose the use of
3847a fixed-width font, such as Courier. The fourth kind can be used with
3013a fixed-width font, such as Courier. The fourth kind can be used with
@@ -3968,8 +3134,9 @@ The row of `=`s separates the header from the table body, and can be
3968omitted for a headerless table. The cells of grid tables may contain
3134omitted for a headerless table. The cells of grid tables may contain
3969arbitrary block elements (multiple paragraphs, code blocks, lists,
3135arbitrary block elements (multiple paragraphs, code blocks, lists,
3970etc.). Cells that span multiple columns or rows are not
3136etc.). Cells that span multiple columns or rows are not
3971−supported. Grid tables can be created easily using Emacs' table-mode
3137+supported. Grid tables can be created easily using [Emacs table mode].
3972−(`M-x table-insert`).
3138+
3139+[Emacs table mode]: http://table.sourceforge.net/
3974Alignments can be specified as with pipe tables, by putting
3141Alignments can be specified as with pipe tables, by putting
3975colons at the boundaries of the separator line after the
3142colons at the boundaries of the separator line after the
@@ -3997,7 +3164,7 @@ and the same number of rows in each column. For example, the
3997Docutils [sample grid tables] will not render as expected with
3164Docutils [sample grid tables] will not render as expected with
4000−[sample grid tables]: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/docs/ref/rst/restructuredtext.html#grid-tables
3167+[sample grid tables]: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/docs/ref/rst/restructuredtext.html#grid-tables
4003#### Extension: `pipe_tables` ####
3170#### Extension: `pipe_tables` ####
@@ -4030,7 +3197,7 @@ legal (though ugly) pipe table:
4031The cells of pipe tables cannot contain block elements like paragraphs
3198The cells of pipe tables cannot contain block elements like paragraphs
4032and lists, and cannot span multiple lines. If a pipe table contains a
3199and lists, and cannot span multiple lines. If a pipe table contains a
4033−row whose Markdown content is wider than the column width (see
3200+row whose printable content is wider than the column width (see
4034`--columns`), then the table will take up the full text width and
3201`--columns`), then the table will take up the full text width and
4035the cell contents will wrap, with the relative cell widths determined
3202the cell contents will wrap, with the relative cell widths determined
4036by the number of dashes in the line separating the table header from
3203by the number of dashes in the line separating the table header from
@@ -4054,7 +3221,8 @@ you'll need to add colons as above.
4055[PHP Markdown Extra tables]: https://michelf.ca/projects/php-markdown/extra/#table
3222[PHP Markdown Extra tables]: https://michelf.ca/projects/php-markdown/extra/#table
4057−## Metadata blocks
3224+Metadata blocks
4059#### Extension: `pandoc_title_block` ####
3227#### Extension: `pandoc_title_block` ####
@@ -4070,42 +3238,30 @@ output.) The block may contain just a title, a title and an author,
4070or all three elements. If you want to include an author but no
3238or all three elements. If you want to include an author but no
4071title, or a title and a date but no author, you need a blank line:
3239title, or a title and a date but no author, you need a blank line:
4075−% Author
3242+ % Author
4079−% My title
3244+ % My title
4081−% June 15, 2006
3246+ % June 15, 2006
4084The title may occupy multiple lines, but continuation lines must
3248The title may occupy multiple lines, but continuation lines must
4085begin with leading space, thus:
3249begin with leading space, thus:
4088−% My title
3251+ % My title
4089− on multiple lines
3252+ on multiple lines
4092If a document has multiple authors, the authors may be put on
3254If a document has multiple authors, the authors may be put on
4093separate lines with leading space, or separated by semicolons, or
3255separate lines with leading space, or separated by semicolons, or
4094both. So, all of the following are equivalent:
3256both. So, all of the following are equivalent:
4097−% Author One
3258+ % Author One
4098− Author Two
3259+ Author Two
4102−% Author One; Author Two
3261+ % Author One; Author Two
4106−% Author One;
3263+ % Author One;
4107− Author Two
3264+ Author Two
4110The date must fit on one line.
3266The date must fit on one line.
@@ -4146,7 +3302,7 @@ will also have "Version 4.0" in the header.
4147#### Extension: `yaml_metadata_block` ####
3303#### Extension: `yaml_metadata_block` ####
4149−A [YAML] metadata block is a valid YAML object, delimited by a line of three
3305+A YAML metadata block is a valid YAML object, delimited by a line of three
4150hyphens (`---`) at the top and a line of three hyphens (`---`) or three dots
3306hyphens (`---`) at the top and a line of three hyphens (`---`) or three dots
4151(`...`) at the bottom. A YAML metadata block may occur anywhere in the
3307(`...`) at the bottom. A YAML metadata block may occur anywhere in the
4152document, but if it is not at the beginning, it must be preceded by a blank
3308document, but if it is not at the beginning, it must be preceded by a blank
@@ -4169,22 +3325,20 @@ given a role by external processors.) Field names must not be
4169interpretable as YAML numbers or boolean values (so, for
3325interpretable as YAML numbers or boolean values (so, for
4170example, `yes`, `True`, and `15` cannot be used as field names).
3326example, `yes`, `True`, and `15` cannot be used as field names).
4172−A document may contain multiple metadata blocks. If two
3328+A document may contain multiple metadata blocks. The metadata fields will
3329+be combined through a *left-biased union*: if two metadata blocks attempt
4173−metadata blocks attempt to set the same field, the value from
3330+to set the same field, the value from the first block will be taken.
4174−the second block will be taken.
4176When pandoc is used with `-t markdown` to create a Markdown document,
3332When pandoc is used with `-t markdown` to create a Markdown document,
4177a YAML metadata block will be produced only if the `-s/--standalone`
3333a YAML metadata block will be produced only if the `-s/--standalone`
4178option is used. All of the metadata will appear in a single block
3334option is used. All of the metadata will appear in a single block
4179at the beginning of the document.
3335at the beginning of the document.
4181−Note that [YAML] escaping rules must be followed. Thus, for example,
3337+Note that YAML escaping rules must be followed. Thus, for example,
4182−if a title contains a colon, it must be quoted, and if it contains a
3338+if a title contains a colon, it must be quoted. The pipe character
4183−backslash escape, then it must be ensured that it is not treated as a
4184−[YAML escape sequence]. The pipe character (`|`) can be used to begin
4185−an indented block that will be interpreted literally, without need for
3339+(`|`) can be used to begin an indented block that will be interpreted
4186−escaping. This form is necessary when the field contains blank lines
3340+literally, without need for escaping. This form is necessary
4187−or block-level formatting:
3341+when the field contains blank lines or block-level formatting:
4190 title: 'This is the title: it contains a colon'
3344 title: 'This is the title: it contains a colon'
@@ -4198,12 +3352,6 @@ or block-level formatting:
4198 It consists of two paragraphs.
3352 It consists of two paragraphs.
4201−The literal block after the `|` must be indented relative to the
4202−line containing the `|`. If it is not, the YAML will be invalid
4203−and pandoc will not interpret it as metadata. For an overview
4204−of the complex rules governing YAML, see the [Wikipedia entry on
4207Template variables will be set automatically from the metadata. Thus, for
3355Template variables will be set automatically from the metadata. Thus, for
4208example, in writing HTML, the variable `abstract` will be set to the HTML
3356example, in writing HTML, the variable `abstract` will be set to the HTML
4209equivalent of the Markdown in the `abstract` field:
3357equivalent of the Markdown in the `abstract` field:
@@ -4250,25 +3398,8 @@ will be interpreted as markdown. For example:
4250 \renewcommand{\section}[1]{\clearpage\oldsection{#1}}
3398 \renewcommand{\section}[1]{\clearpage\oldsection{#1}}
4253−Note: the `yaml_metadata_block` extension works with
4254−`commonmark` as well as `markdown` (and it is enabled by default
4255−in `gfm` and `commonmark_x`). However, in these formats the
4256−following restrictions apply:
4258−- The YAML metadata block must occur at the beginning of the
4259− document (and there can be only one). If multiple files are
4260− given as arguments to pandoc, only the first can be a YAML
4263−- The leaf nodes of the YAML structure are parsed in isolation from
4264− each other and from the rest of the document. So, for
4265− example, you can't use a reference link in these contexts
4266− if the link definition is somewhere else in the document.
4268−[YAML escape sequence]: https://yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html#id2776092
4269−[Wikipedia entry on YAML syntax]: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/YAML#Syntax
4271−## Backslash escapes
3401+Backslash escapes
4273#### Extension: `all_symbols_escapable` ####
3404#### Extension: `all_symbols_escapable` ####
@@ -4294,12 +3425,9 @@ which allows only the following characters to be backslash-escaped:
4294(However, if the `markdown_strict` format is used, the standard Markdown rule
3425(However, if the `markdown_strict` format is used, the standard Markdown rule
4295will be used.)
3426will be used.)
4297−A backslash-escaped space is parsed as a nonbreaking space. In TeX output,
3428+A backslash-escaped space is parsed as a nonbreaking space. It will
4298−it will appear as `~`. In HTML and XML output, it will appear as a
3429+appear in TeX output as `~` and in HTML and XML as `\ ` or
4299−literal unicode nonbreaking space character (note that it will thus
3430+`\ `.
4300−actually look "invisible" in the generated HTML source; you can still
4301−use the `--ascii` command-line option to make it appear as an explicit
4304A backslash-escaped newline (i.e. a backslash occurring at the end of
3432A backslash-escaped newline (i.e. a backslash occurring at the end of
4305a line) is parsed as a hard line break. It will appear in TeX output as
3433a line) is parsed as a hard line break. It will appear in TeX output as
@@ -4309,7 +3437,8 @@ two trailing spaces on a line.
4310Backslash escapes do not work in verbatim contexts.
3438Backslash escapes do not work in verbatim contexts.
4312−## Inline formatting
3440+Inline formatting
4314### Emphasis ###
3443### Emphasis ###
@@ -4357,13 +3486,12 @@ text by `~` characters. Thus, for example,
4358 H~2~O is a liquid. 2^10^ is 1024.
3487 H~2~O is a liquid. 2^10^ is 1024.
4360−The text between `^...^` or `~...~` may not contain spaces or
4361−newlines. If the superscripted or subscripted text contains
3489+If the superscripted or subscripted text contains spaces, these spaces
4362−spaces, these spaces must be escaped with backslashes. (This is
3490+must be escaped with backslashes. (This is to prevent accidental
4363−to prevent accidental superscripting and subscripting through
3491+superscripting and subscripting through the ordinary use of `~` and `^`.)
4364−the ordinary use of `~` and `^`, and also bad interactions with
4365−footnotes.) Thus, if you want the letter P with 'a cat' in
3492+Thus, if you want the letter P with 'a cat' in subscripts, use
4366−subscripts, use `P~a\ cat~`, not `P~a cat~`.
3493+`P~a\ cat~`, not `P~a cat~`.
4368### Verbatim ###
3496### Verbatim ###
@@ -4412,7 +3540,8 @@ For compatibility with other Markdown flavors, CSS is also supported:
4412This will work in all output formats that support small caps.
3540This will work in all output formats that support small caps.
4417#### Extension: `tex_math_dollars` ####
3546#### Extension: `tex_math_dollars` ####
@@ -4424,10 +3553,6 @@ left, and must not be followed immediately by a digit. Thus,
4424you need to enclose text in literal `$` characters, backslash-escape
3553you need to enclose text in literal `$` characters, backslash-escape
4425them and they won't be treated as math delimiters.
3554them and they won't be treated as math delimiters.
4427−For display math, use `$$` delimiters. (In this case, the delimiters
4428−may be separated from the formula by whitespace. However, there can be
4429−no blank lines betwen the opening and closing `$$` delimiters.)
4431TeX math will be printed in all output formats. How it is rendered
3556TeX math will be printed in all output formats. How it is rendered
4432depends on the output format:
3557depends on the output format:
@@ -4455,7 +3580,7 @@ AsciiDoc
4456 ~ It will be rendered inside a `@math` command.
3581 ~ It will be rendered inside a `@math` command.
4458−roff man, Jira markup
3583+roff man
4459 ~ It will be rendered verbatim without `$`'s.
3584 ~ It will be rendered verbatim without `$`'s.
4461MediaWiki, DokuWiki
3586MediaWiki, DokuWiki
@@ -4489,9 +3614,10 @@ HTML, Slidy, DZSlides, S5, EPUB
4489 command-line options selected. Therefore see [Math rendering in HTML]
3614 command-line options selected. Therefore see [Math rendering in HTML]
4492−[interpreted text role `:math:`]: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/docs/ref/rst/roles.html#math
3617+[interpreted text role `:math:`]: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/docs/ref/rst/roles.html#math
4494−## Raw HTML
3619+Raw HTML
4496#### Extension: `raw_html` ####
3622#### Extension: `raw_html` ####
@@ -4529,7 +3655,7 @@ Thus, for example, pandoc will turn
4531 <td>*one*</td>
3657 <td>*one*</td>
4532− <td>[a link](https://google.com)</td>
3658+ <td>[a link](http://google.com)</td>
4534 </table>
3660 </table>
@@ -4538,14 +3664,14 @@ into
4540 <td><em>one</em></td>
3666 <td><em>one</em></td>
4541− <td><a href="https://google.com">a link</a></td>
3667+ <td><a href="http://google.com">a link</a></td>
4543 </table>
3669 </table>
4545whereas `Markdown.pl` will preserve it as is.
3671whereas `Markdown.pl` will preserve it as is.
4547−There is one exception to this rule: text between `<script>`,
3673+There is one exception to this rule: text between `<script>` and
4548−`<style>`, and `<textarea>` tags is not interpreted as Markdown.
3674+`<style>` tags is not interpreted as Markdown.
4550This departure from standard Markdown should make it easier to mix
3676This departure from standard Markdown should make it easier to mix
4551Markdown with HTML block elements. For example, one can surround
3677Markdown with HTML block elements. For example, one can surround
@@ -4637,7 +3763,8 @@ example, to use a raw attribute with a backtick code block,
4638The raw attribute cannot be combined with regular attributes.
3764The raw attribute cannot be combined with regular attributes.
4640−## LaTeX macros
3766+LaTeX macros
4642#### Extension: `latex_macros` ####
3769#### Extension: `latex_macros` ####
@@ -4658,13 +3785,11 @@ When `latex_macros` is disabled, the raw LaTeX and math will
4658not have macros applied. This is usually a better approach when
3785not have macros applied. This is usually a better approach when
4659you are targeting LaTeX or PDF.
3786you are targeting LaTeX or PDF.
3788+Whether or not `latex_macros` is enabled, the macro definitions
4661−Macro definitions in LaTeX will be passed through as raw LaTeX
3789+will still be passed through as raw LaTeX.
4662−only if `latex_macros` is not enabled. Macro definitions in
4663−Markdown source (or other formats allowing `raw_tex`) will
4664−be passed through regardless of whether `latex_macros` is
4669Markdown allows links to be specified in several ways.
3794Markdown allows links to be specified in several ways.
@@ -4673,7 +3798,7 @@ Markdown allows links to be specified in several ways.
4673If you enclose a URL or email address in pointy brackets, it
3798If you enclose a URL or email address in pointy brackets, it
4674will become a link:
3799will become a link:
4676− <https://google.com>
3801+ <http://google.com>
4677 <sam@green.eggs.ham>
3802 <sam@green.eggs.ham>
4679### Inline links ###
3804### Inline links ###
@@ -4683,7 +3808,7 @@ followed by the URL in parentheses. (Optionally, the URL can
4683be followed by a link title, in quotes.)
3808be followed by a link title, in quotes.)
4685 This is an [inline link](/url), and here's [one with
3810 This is an [inline link](/url), and here's [one with
4686− a title](https://fsf.org "click here for a good time!").
3811+ a title](http://fsf.org "click here for a good time!").
4688There can be no space between the bracketed part and the parenthesized part.
3813There can be no space between the bracketed part and the parenthesized part.
4689The link text can contain formatting (such as emphasis), but the title cannot.
3814The link text can contain formatting (such as emphasis), but the title cannot.
@@ -4712,7 +3837,7 @@ Here are some examples:
4713 [my label 1]: /foo/bar.html "My title, optional"
3838 [my label 1]: /foo/bar.html "My title, optional"
4714 [my label 2]: /foo
3839 [my label 2]: /foo
4715− [my label 3]: https://fsf.org (The free software foundation)
3840+ [my label 3]: http://fsf.org (The free software foundation)
4716 [my label 4]: /bar#special 'A title in single quotes'
3841 [my label 4]: /bar#special 'A title in single quotes'
4718The URL may optionally be surrounded by angle brackets:
3843The URL may optionally be surrounded by angle brackets:
@@ -4721,7 +3846,7 @@ The URL may optionally be surrounded by angle brackets:
4722The title may go on the next line:
3847The title may go on the next line:
4724− [my label 3]: https://fsf.org
3849+ [my label 3]: http://fsf.org
4725 "The free software foundation"
3850 "The free software foundation"
4727Note that link labels are not case sensitive. So, this will work:
3852Note that link labels are not case sensitive. So, this will work:
@@ -4772,7 +3897,8 @@ or
4772Internal links are currently supported for HTML formats (including
3897Internal links are currently supported for HTML formats (including
4773HTML slide shows and EPUB), LaTeX, and ConTeXt.
3898HTML slide shows and EPUB), LaTeX, and ConTeXt.
4775−## Images
3900+Images
4777A link immediately preceded by a `!` will be treated as an image.
3903A link immediately preceded by a `!` will be treated as an image.
4778The link text will be used as the image's alt text:
3904The link text will be used as the image's alt text:
@@ -4818,11 +3944,10 @@ Attributes can be set on links and images:
4818(This syntax is compatible with [PHP Markdown Extra] when only `#id`
3944(This syntax is compatible with [PHP Markdown Extra] when only `#id`
4819and `.class` are used.)
3945and `.class` are used.)
4821−For HTML and EPUB, all known HTML5 attributes except `width` and
3947+For HTML and EPUB, all attributes except `width` and `height` (but
4822−`height` (but including `srcset` and `sizes`) are passed through
3948+including `srcset` and `sizes`) are passed through as is. The other
4823−as is. Unknown attributes are passed through as custom
4824−attributes, with `data-` prepended. The other writers ignore
4825−attributes that are not specifically supported by their output format.
3949+writers ignore attributes that are not supported by their output
4827The `width` and `height` attributes on images are treated specially. When
3952The `width` and `height` attributes on images are treated specially. When
4828used without a unit, the unit is assumed to be pixels. However, any of
3953used without a unit, the unit is assumed to be pixels. However, any of
@@ -4834,12 +3959,10 @@ For example:
4834{ width=50% }
3959{ width=50% }
4837−- Dimensions may be converted to a form that is compatible with
3962+- Dimensions are converted to inches for output in page-based formats like
4838− the output format (for example, dimensions given in pixels will
3963+ LaTeX. Dimensions are converted to pixels for output in HTML-like
4839− be converted to inches when converting HTML to LaTeX). Conversion
3964+ formats. Use the `--dpi` option to specify the number of pixels per
4840− between pixels and physical measurements is affected by the
3965+ inch. The default is 96dpi.
4841− `--dpi` option (by default, 96 dpi is assumed, unless the image
4842− itself contains dpi information).
4843- The `%` unit is generally relative to some available space.
3966- The `%` unit is generally relative to some available space.
4844 For example the above example will render to the following.
3967 For example the above example will render to the following.
4845 - HTML: `<img href="file.jpg" style="width: 50%;" />`
3968 - HTML: `<img href="file.jpg" style="width: 50%;" />`
@@ -4848,13 +3971,14 @@ For example:
4848 as in the default template.)
3971 as in the default template.)
4849 - ConTeXt: `\externalfigure[file.jpg][width=0.5\textwidth]`
3972 - ConTeXt: `\externalfigure[file.jpg][width=0.5\textwidth]`
4850- Some output formats have a notion of a class
3973- Some output formats have a notion of a class
4851− ([ConTeXt](https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Using_Graphics#Multiple_Image_Settings))
3974+ ([ConTeXt](http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Using_Graphics#Multiple_Image_Settings))
4852 or a unique identifier (LaTeX `\caption`), or both (HTML).
3975 or a unique identifier (LaTeX `\caption`), or both (HTML).
4853- When no `width` or `height` attributes are specified, the fallback
3976- When no `width` or `height` attributes are specified, the fallback
4854 is to look at the image resolution and the dpi metadata embedded in
3977 is to look at the image resolution and the dpi metadata embedded in
4855 the image file.
3978 the image file.
4857−## Divs and Spans
3980+Divs and Spans
4859Using the `native_divs` and `native_spans` extensions
3983Using the `native_divs` and `native_spans` extensions
4860(see [above][Extension: `native_divs`]), HTML syntax can
3984(see [above][Extension: `native_divs`]), HTML syntax can
@@ -4910,7 +4034,8 @@ followed immediately by attributes:
4911 [This is *some text*]{.class key="val"}
4035 [This is *some text*]{.class key="val"}
4913−## Footnotes
4037+Footnotes
4915#### Extension: `footnotes` ####
4040#### Extension: `footnotes` ####
@@ -4956,72 +4081,143 @@ they cannot contain multiple paragraphs). The syntax is as follows:
4957Inline and regular footnotes may be mixed freely.
4082Inline and regular footnotes may be mixed freely.
4959−## Citation syntax
4084+Citations
4961#### Extension: `citations` ####
4087#### Extension: `citations` ####
4963−To cite a bibliographic item with an identifier foo, use the
4089+Using an external filter, `pandoc-citeproc`, pandoc can automatically generate
4964−syntax `@foo`. Normal citations should be included in square
4090+citations and a bibliography in a number of styles. Basic usage is
4965−brackets, with semicolons separating distinct items:
4091+
4092+ pandoc --filter pandoc-citeproc myinput.txt
4094+In order to use this feature, you will need to specify a bibliography file
4095+using the `bibliography` metadata field in a YAML metadata section, or
4096+`--bibliography` command line argument. You can supply multiple `--bibliography`
4097+arguments or set `bibliography` metadata field to YAML array, if you want to
4098+use multiple bibliography files. The bibliography may have any of these
4101+ Format File extension
4102+ ------------ --------------
4115+Note that `.bib` can be used with both BibTeX and BibLaTeX files;
4116+use `.bibtex` to force BibTeX.
4967− Blah blah [@doe99; @smith2000; @smith2004].
4118+Note that `pandoc-citeproc --bib2json` and `pandoc-citeproc --bib2yaml`
4119+can produce `.json` and `.yaml` files from any of the supported formats.
4969−How this is rendered depends on the citation style. In an
4121+In-field markup: In BibTeX and BibLaTeX databases,
4970−author-date style, it might render as
4122+pandoc-citeproc parses a subset of LaTeX markup; in CSL YAML
4123+databases, pandoc Markdown; and in CSL JSON databases, an
4124+[HTML-like markup][CSL markup specs]:
4972− Blah blah (Doe 1999, Smith 2000, 2004).
4126+`<i>...</i>`
4974−In a footnote style, it might render as
4129+`<b>...</b>`
4976− Blah blah.[^1]
4132+`<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">...</span>` or `<sc>...</sc>`
4978− [^1]: John Doe, "Frogs," *Journal of Amphibians* 44 (1999);
4135+`<sub>...</sub>`
4979− Susan Smith, "Flies," *Journal of Insects* (2000);
4136+: subscript
4980− Susan Smith, "Bees," *Journal of Insects* (2004).
4982−See the [CSL user documentation] for more information about CSL
4138+`<sup>...</sup>`
4983−styles and how they affect rendering.
4139+: superscript
4985−Unless a citation key start with a letter, digit, or `_`,
4141+`<span class="nocase">...</span>`
4986−and contains only alphanumerics and internal punctuation
4142+: prevent a phrase from being capitalized as title case
4987−characters (`:.#$%&-+?<>~/`), it must be surrounded
4143+
4988−by curly braces, which are not considered part of the key.
4144+`pandoc-citeproc -j` and `-y` interconvert the CSL JSON
4989−In `@Foo_bar.baz.`, the key is `Foo_bar.baz`. The final
4145+and CSL YAML formats as far as possible.
4990−period is not *internal* punctuation, so it is not included in
4991−the key. In `@{Foo_bar.baz.}`, the key is `Foo_bar.baz.`, including
4992−the final period. The curly braces are recommended if you use URLs as
4993−keys: `[@{https://example.com/bib?name=foobar&date=2000}, p. 33]`.
4995−Citation items may optionally include a prefix, a locator, and
4147+As an alternative to specifying a bibliography file using `--bibliography`
4996−a suffix. In
4148+or the YAML metadata field `bibliography`, you can include
4149+the citation data directly in the `references` field of the
4150+document's YAML metadata. The field should contain an array of
4151+YAML-encoded references, for example:
4998− Blah blah [see @doe99, pp. 33-35 and *passim*; @smith04, chap. 1].
4153+ ---
4155+ - type: article-journal
4156+ id: WatsonCrick1953
4167+ title: 'Molecular structure of nucleic acids: a structure for deoxyribose
4169+ title-short: Molecular structure of nucleic acids
4170+ container-title: Nature
4174+ DOI: 10.1038/171737a0
4175+ URL: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v171/n4356/abs/171737a0.html
5000−The first item (`doe99`) has prefix `see `, locator `pp. 33-35`,
4179+(`pandoc-citeproc --bib2yaml` can produce these from a bibliography file in one
5001−and suffix `and *passim*`. The second item (`smith04`) has
4180+of the supported formats.)
5002−locator `chap. 1` and no prefix or suffix.
5004−Pandoc uses some heuristics to separate the locator from the
4182+Citations and references can be formatted using any style supported by the
5005−rest of the subject. It is sensitive to the locator terms
4183+[Citation Style Language], listed in the [Zotero Style Repository].
5006−defined in the [CSL locale files]. Either abbreviated or
4184+These files are specified using the `--csl` option or the `csl` metadata field.
4185+By default, `pandoc-citeproc` will use the [Chicago Manual of Style] author-date
4186+format. The CSL project provides further information on [finding and editing styles].
4188+To make your citations hyperlinks to the corresponding bibliography
4189+entries, add `link-citations: true` to your YAML metadata.
4191+Citations go inside square brackets and are separated by semicolons.
4192+Each citation must have a key, composed of '@' + the citation
4193+identifier from the database, and may optionally have a prefix,
4194+a locator, and a suffix. The citation key must begin with a letter, digit,
4195+or `_`, and may contain alphanumerics, `_`, and internal punctuation
4196+characters (`:.#$%&-+?<>~/`). Here are some examples:
4198+ Blah blah [see @doe99, pp. 33-35; also @smith04, chap. 1].
4200+ Blah blah [@doe99, pp. 33-35, 38-39 and *passim*].
4202+ Blah blah [@smith04; @doe99].
4204+`pandoc-citeproc` detects locator terms in the [CSL locale files].
5007−unabbreviated forms are accepted. In the `en-US` locale, locator
4205+Either abbreviated or unabbreviated forms are accepted. In the `en-US`
5008−terms can be written in either singular or plural forms, as
4206+locale, locator terms can be written in either singular or plural forms,
5009−`book`, `bk.`/`bks.`; `chapter`, `chap.`/`chaps.`; `column`,
4207+as `book`, `bk.`/`bks.`; `chapter`, `chap.`/`chaps.`; `column`,
5010−`col.`/`cols.`; `figure`, `fig.`/`figs.`; `folio`,
4208+`col.`/`cols.`; `figure`, `fig.`/`figs.`; `folio`, `fol.`/`fols.`;
5011−`fol.`/`fols.`; `number`, `no.`/`nos.`; `line`, `l.`/`ll.`;
4209+`number`, `no.`/`nos.`; `line`, `l.`/`ll.`; `note`, `n.`/`nn.`; `opus`,
5012−`note`, `n.`/`nn.`; `opus`, `op.`/`opp.`; `page`, `p.`/`pp.`;
5013−`paragraph`, `para.`/`paras.`; `part`, `pt.`/`pts.`; `section`,
4210+`op.`/`opp.`; `page`, `p.`/`pp.`; `paragraph`, `para.`/`paras.`; `part`,
5014−`sec.`/`secs.`; `sub verbo`, `s.v.`/`s.vv.`; `verse`,
4211+`pt.`/`pts.`; `section`, `sec.`/`secs.`; `sub verbo`, `s.v.`/`s.vv.`;
5015−`v.`/`vv.`; `volume`, `vol.`/`vols.`; `¶`/`¶¶`; `§`/`§§`. If no
4212+`verse`, `v.`/`vv.`; `volume`, `vol.`/`vols.`; `¶`/`¶¶`; `§`/`§§`. If no
5016locator term is used, "page" is assumed.
4213locator term is used, "page" is assumed.
5018−In complex cases, you can force something to be treated as
4215+`pandoc-citeproc` will use heuristics to distinguish the locator
5019−a locator by enclosing it in curly braces or prevent parsing
4216+from the suffix. In complex cases, the locator can be enclosed
5020−the suffix as locator by prepending curly braces:
4217+in curly braces (using `pandoc-citeproc` 0.15 and higher only):
5022 [@smith{ii, A, D-Z}, with a suffix]
4219 [@smith{ii, A, D-Z}, with a suffix]
5023 [@smith, {pp. iv, vi-xi, (xv)-(xvii)} with suffix here]
4220 [@smith, {pp. iv, vi-xi, (xv)-(xvii)} with suffix here]
5024− [@smith{}, 99 years later]
5026A minus sign (`-`) before the `@` will suppress mention of
4222A minus sign (`-`) before the `@` will suppress mention of
5027the author in the citation. This can be useful when the
4223the author in the citation. This can be useful when the
@@ -5029,103 +4225,83 @@ author is already mentioned in the text:
5030 Smith says blah [-@smith04].
4226 Smith says blah [-@smith04].
5032−You can also write an author-in-text citation, by omitting the
4228+You can also write an in-text citation, as follows:
5035 @smith04 says blah.
4230 @smith04 says blah.
5037 @smith04 [p. 33] says blah.
4232 @smith04 [p. 33] says blah.
5039−This will cause the author's name to be rendered, followed by
4234+If the style calls for a list of works cited, it will be placed
5040−the bibliographical details. Use this form when you want to
4235+in a div with id `refs`, if one exists:
5041−make the citation the subject of a sentence.
4236+
5043−When you are using a note style, it is usually better to let
4238+ :::
5044−citeproc create the footnotes from citations rather than writing
4239+
5045−an explicit note. If you do write an explicit note that
4240+Otherwise, it will be placed at the end of the document.
5046−contains a citation, note that normal citations will be put in
4241+Generation of the bibliography can be suppressed by setting
5047−parentheses, while author-in-text citations will not. For
4242+`suppress-bibliography: true` in the YAML metadata.
5048−this reason, it is sometimes preferable to use the
4243+
5049−author-in-text style inside notes when using a note style.
4244+If you wish the bibliography to have a section heading, you can
5050−
4245+set `reference-section-title` in the metadata, or put the heading
5051−[CSL user documentation]: https://citationstyles.org/authors/
4246+at the beginning of the div with id `refs` (if you are using it)
5052−[CSL]: https://docs.citationstyles.org/en/stable/specification.html
4247+or at the end of your document:
4253+The bibliography will be inserted after this heading. Note that
4254+the `unnumbered` class will be added to this heading, so that the
4255+section will not be numbered.
4257+If you want to include items in the bibliography without actually
4258+citing them in the body text, you can define a dummy `nocite` metadata
4259+field and put the citations there:
4268+In this example, the document will contain a citation for `item3`
4269+only, but the bibliography will contain entries for `item1`, `item2`, and
4272+It is possible to create a bibliography with all the citations,
4273+whether or not they appear in the document, by using a wildcard:
4280+For LaTeX output, you can also use [`natbib`] or [`biblatex`] to
4281+render the bibliography. In order to do so, specify bibliography
4282+files as outlined above, and add `--natbib` or `--biblatex`
4283+argument to `pandoc` invocation. Bear in mind that bibliography
4284+files have to be in respective format (either BibTeX or
4287+For more information, see the [pandoc-citeproc man page].
5053−[CSL markup specs]: https://docs.citationstyles.org/en/1.0/release-notes.html#rich-text-markup-within-fields
4289+[CSL markup specs]: http://docs.citationstyles.org/en/1.0/release-notes.html#rich-text-markup-within-fields
5054−[Chicago Manual of Style]: https://chicagomanualofstyle.org
4290+[Chicago Manual of Style]: http://chicagomanualofstyle.org
5055−[Citation Style Language]: https://citationstyles.org
4291+[Citation Style Language]: http://citationstyles.org
5056[Zotero Style Repository]: https://www.zotero.org/styles
4292[Zotero Style Repository]: https://www.zotero.org/styles
5057[finding and editing styles]: https://citationstyles.org/authors/
4293[finding and editing styles]: https://citationstyles.org/authors/
5058[CSL locale files]: https://github.com/citation-style-language/locales
4294[CSL locale files]: https://github.com/citation-style-language/locales
4295+[pandoc-citeproc man page]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc-citeproc/blob/master/man/pandoc-citeproc.1.md
5060−## Non-default extensions
4297+Non-pandoc extensions
4298+---------------------
5062The following Markdown syntax extensions are not enabled by default
4300The following Markdown syntax extensions are not enabled by default
5063in pandoc, but may be enabled by adding `+EXTENSION` to the format
4301in pandoc, but may be enabled by adding `+EXTENSION` to the format
5064name, where `EXTENSION` is the name of the extension. Thus, for
4302name, where `EXTENSION` is the name of the extension. Thus, for
5065example, `markdown+hard_line_breaks` is Markdown with hard line breaks.
4303example, `markdown+hard_line_breaks` is Markdown with hard line breaks.
5067−#### Extension: `rebase_relative_paths` ####
5069−Rewrite relative paths for Markdown links and images, depending
5070−on the path of the file containing the link or image link. For
5071−each link or image, pandoc will compute the directory of the
5072−containing file, relative to the working directory, and prepend
5073−the resulting path to the link or image path.
5075−The use of this extension is best understood by example.
5076−Suppose you have a a subdirectory for each chapter of a book,
5077−`chap1`, `chap2`, `chap3`. Each contains a file `text.md` and a
5078−number of images used in the chapter. You would like to have
5079−`` in `chap1/text.md` refer to
5080−`chap1/spider.jpg` and `` in `chap2/text.md`
5081−refer to `chap2/spider.jpg`. To do this, use
5083− pandoc chap*/*.md -f markdown+rebase_relative_paths
5085−Without this extension, you would have to use
5086−`` in `chap1/text.md` and
5087−`` in `chap2/text.md`. Links with
5088−relative paths will be rewritten in the same way as images.
5090−Absolute paths and URLs are not changed. Neither are empty
5091−paths or paths consisting entirely of a fragment, e.g., `#foo`.
5093−Note that relative paths in reference links and images will
5094−be rewritten relative to the file containing the link
5095−reference definition, not the file containing the reference link
5096−or image itself, if these differ.
5098−#### Extension: `attributes` ####
5100−Allows attributes to be attached to any inline or block-level
5101−element. The syntax for the attributes is the same as that
5102−used in [`header_attributes`][Extension: `header_attributes`].
5104−- Attributes that occur immediately after an inline
5105− element affect that element. If they follow a space, then they
5106− belong to the space. (Hence, this option subsumes
5107− `inline_code_attributes` and `link_attributes`.)
5108−- Attributes that occur immediately before a block
5109− element, on a line by themselves, affect that
5111−- Consecutive attribute specifiers may be used,
5112− either for blocks or for inlines. Their attributes
5114−- Attributes that occur at the end of the text of
5115− a Setext or ATX heading (separated by whitespace
5116− from the text) affect the heading element. (Hence, this
5117− option subsumes `header_attributes`.)
5118−- Attributes that occur after the opening fence
5119− in a fenced code block affect the code block element. (Hence,
5120− this option subsumes `fenced_code_attributes`.)
5121−- Attributes that occur at the end of a reference
5122− link definition affect links that refer to that
5125−Note that pandoc's AST does not currently allow attributes
5126−to be attached to arbitrary elements. Hence a Span or Div
5127−container will be added if needed.
5129#### Extension: `old_dashes` ####
4305#### Extension: `old_dashes` ####
5131Selects the pandoc <= 1.8.2.1 behavior for parsing smart dashes:
4307Selects the pandoc <= 1.8.2.1 behavior for parsing smart dashes:
@@ -5238,7 +4414,7 @@ and image references. This extension should not be confused with the
5239 This is a reference ![image][ref] with multimarkdown attributes.
4415 This is a reference ![image][ref] with multimarkdown attributes.
5241− [ref]: https://path.to/image "Image title" width=20px height=30px
4417+ [ref]: http://path.to/image "Image title" width=20px height=30px
5242 id=myId class="myClass1 myClass2"
4418 id=myId class="myClass1 myClass2"
5244#### Extension: `mmd_header_identifiers` ####
4420#### Extension: `mmd_header_identifiers` ####
@@ -5273,390 +4449,60 @@ in several respects:
5273 we must either disallow lazy wrapping or require a blank line between
4449 we must either disallow lazy wrapping or require a blank line between
5274 list items.
4450 list items.
5276−#### Extension: `gutenberg` ####
5278−Use [Project Gutenberg] conventions for `plain` output:
5279−all-caps for strong emphasis, surround by underscores
5280−for regular emphasis, add extra blank space around headings.
5282− [Project Gutenberg]: https://www.gutenberg.org
5284−#### Extension: `sourcepos` ####
5286−Include source position attributes when parsing `commonmark`.
5287−For elements that accept attributes, a `data-pos` attribute
5288−is added; other elements are placed in a surrounding
5289−Div or Span elemnet with a `data-pos` attribute.
5291−## Markdown variants
4452+Markdown variants
5293In addition to pandoc's extended Markdown, the following Markdown
4455In addition to pandoc's extended Markdown, the following Markdown
5294variants are supported:
4456variants are supported:
5296−- `markdown_phpextra` (PHP Markdown Extra)
4458+`markdown_phpextra` (PHP Markdown Extra)
4459+: `footnotes`, `pipe_tables`, `raw_html`, `markdown_attribute`,
4460+ `fenced_code_blocks`, `definition_lists`, `intraword_underscores`,
4461+ `header_attributes`, `link_attributes`, `abbreviations`,
4462+ `shortcut_reference_links`, `spaced_reference_links`.
5297−- `markdown_github` (deprecated GitHub-Flavored Markdown)
4464+`markdown_github` (deprecated GitHub-Flavored Markdown)
4465+: `pipe_tables`, `raw_html`, `fenced_code_blocks`, `auto_identifiers`,
4466+ `gfm_auto_identifiers`, `backtick_code_blocks`,
4467+ `autolink_bare_uris`, `space_in_atx_header`,
4468+ `intraword_underscores`, `strikeout`, `task_lists`, `emoji`,
4469+ `shortcut_reference_links`, `angle_brackets_escapable`,
4470+ `lists_without_preceding_blankline`.
5298−- `markdown_mmd` (MultiMarkdown)
4472+`markdown_mmd` (MultiMarkdown)
4473+: `pipe_tables`, `raw_html`, `markdown_attribute`, `mmd_link_attributes`,
4474+ `tex_math_double_backslash`, `intraword_underscores`,
4475+ `mmd_title_block`, `footnotes`, `definition_lists`,
4476+ `all_symbols_escapable`, `implicit_header_references`,
4477+ `auto_identifiers`, `mmd_header_identifiers`,
4478+ `shortcut_reference_links`, `implicit_figures`,
4479+ `superscript`, `subscript`, `backtick_code_blocks`,
4480+ `spaced_reference_links`, `raw_attribute`.
5299−- `markdown_strict` (Markdown.pl)
4482+`markdown_strict` (Markdown.pl)
5300−- `commonmark` (CommonMark)
4483+: `raw_html`, `shortcut_reference_links`,
5301−- `gfm` (Github-Flavored Markdown)
4484+ `spaced_reference_links`.
5302−- `commonmark_x` (CommonMark with many pandoc extensions)
4485+
5303−
4486+We also support `commonmark` and `gfm` (GitHub-Flavored Markdown,
5304−To see which extensions are supported for a given format,
5305−and which are enabled by default, you can use the command
5307− pandoc --list-extensions=FORMAT
5309−where `FORMAT` is replaced with the name of the format.
5311−Note that the list of extensions for `commonmark`,
4487+which is implemented as a set of extensions on `commonmark`).
5312−`gfm`, and `commonmark_x` are defined relative to default
4488+
5313−commonmark. So, for example, `backtick_code_blocks`
4489+Note, however, that `commonmark` and `gfm` have limited support
5314−does not appear as an extension, since it is enabled by
4490+for extensions. Only those listed below (and `smart`,
5315−default and cannot be disabled.
4491+`raw_tex`, and `hard_line_breaks`) will work. The extensions
5316−
4492+can, however, all be individually disabled. Also, `raw_tex`
5317−# Citations
4493+only affects `gfm` output, not input.
5319−When the `--citeproc` option is used, pandoc can automatically generate
4495+`gfm` (GitHub-Flavored Markdown)
5320−citations and a bibliography in a number of styles. Basic usage is
4496+: `pipe_tables`, `raw_html`, `fenced_code_blocks`, `auto_identifiers`,
5321−
4497+ `gfm_auto_identifiers`, `backtick_code_blocks`,
5322− pandoc --citeproc myinput.txt
4498+ `autolink_bare_uris`, `space_in_atx_header`,
5323−
4499+ `intraword_underscores`, `strikeout`, `task_lists`, `emoji`,
5324−To use this feature, you will need to have
4500+ `shortcut_reference_links`, `angle_brackets_escapable`,
5325−
4501+ `lists_without_preceding_blankline`.
5326−- a document containing citations (see [Extension: `citations`]);
4502+
5327−- a source of bibliographic data: either an external bibliography
4503+
5328− file or a list of `references` in the document's YAML metadata
4504+Producing slide shows with pandoc
5329−- optionally, a [CSL] citation style.
4505+=================================
5331−## Specifying bibliographic data
5333−You can specify an external bibliography using the
5334−`bibliography` metadata field in a YAML metadata section or the
5335−`--bibliography` command line argument. If you want to use
5336−multiple bibliography files, you can supply multiple
5337−`--bibliography` arguments or set `bibliography` metadata field
5338−to YAML array. A bibliography may have any of these formats:
5340− Format File extension
5341− ------------ --------------
5347−Note that `.bib` can be used with both BibTeX and BibLaTeX files;
5348−use the extension `.bibtex` to force interpretation as BibTeX.
5350−In BibTeX and BibLaTeX databases, pandoc parses LaTeX markup
5351−inside fields such as `title`; in CSL YAML databases, pandoc
5352−Markdown; and in CSL JSON databases, an [HTML-like markup][CSL
5361−`<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">...</span>` or `<sc>...</sc>`
5370−`<span class="nocase">...</span>`
5371−: prevent a phrase from being capitalized as title case
5373−As an alternative to specifying a bibliography file using
5374−`--bibliography` or the YAML metadata field `bibliography`, you
5375−can include the citation data directly in the `references` field
5376−of the document's YAML metadata. The field should contain an
5377−array of YAML-encoded references, for example:
5381− - type: article-journal
5382− id: WatsonCrick1953
5393− title: 'Molecular structure of nucleic acids: a structure for
5394− deoxyribose nucleic acid'
5395− title-short: Molecular structure of nucleic acids
5396− container-title: Nature
5400− DOI: 10.1038/171737a0
5401− URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/171737a0
5405−If both an external bibliography and inline (YAML metadata)
5406−references are provided, both will be used. In case of
5407−conflicting `id`s, the inline references will take precedence.
5409−Note that `pandoc` can be used to produce such a YAML metadata
5410−section from a BibTeX, BibLaTeX, or CSL JSON bibliography:
5412− pandoc chem.bib -s -f biblatex -t markdown
5413− pandoc chem.json -s -f csljson -t markdown
5415−Indeed, `pandoc` can convert between any of these
5418− pandoc chem.bib -s -f biblatex -t csljson
5419− pandoc chem.yaml -s -f markdown -t biblatex
5421−Running pandoc on a bibliography file with the `--citeproc`
5422−option will create a formatted bibliography in the format
5425− pandoc chem.bib -s --citeproc -o chem.html
5426− pandoc chem.bib -s --citeproc -o chem.pdf
5428−### Capitalization in titles
5430−If you are using a bibtex or biblatex bibliography, then observe
5431−the following rules:
5433− - English titles should be in title case. Non-English titles should
5434− be in sentence case, and the `langid` field in biblatex should be
5435− set to the relevant language. (The following values are treated
5436− as English: `american`, `british`, `canadian`, `english`,
5437− `australian`, `newzealand`, `USenglish`, or `UKenglish`.)
5439− - As is standard with bibtex/biblatex, proper names should be
5440− protected with curly braces so that they won't be lowercased
5441− in styles that call for sentence case. For example:
5443− title = {My Dinner with {Andre}}
5445− - In addition, words that should remain lowercase (or camelCase)
5446− should be protected:
5448− title = {Spin Wave Dispersion on the {nm} Scale}
5450− Though this is not necessary in bibtex/biblatex, it is necessary
5451− with citeproc, which stores titles internally in sentence case,
5452− and converts to title case in styles that require it. Here we
5453− protect "nm" so that it doesn't get converted to "Nm" at this stage.
5455−If you are using a CSL bibliography (either JSON or YAML), then observe
5456−the following rules:
5458− - All titles should be in sentence case.
5460− - Use the `language` field for non-English titles to prevent their
5461− conversion to title case in styles that call for this. (Conversion
5462− happens only if `language` begins with `en` or is left empty.)
5464− - Protect words that should not be converted to title case using
5467− Spin wave dispersion on the <span class="nocase">nm</span> scale
5469−### Conference Papers, Published vs. Unpublished
5471−For a formally published conference paper, use the biblatex entry type
5472−`inproceedings` (which will be mapped to CSL `paper-conference`).
5474−For an unpublished manuscript, use the biblatex entry type
5475−`unpublished` without an `eventtitle` field (this entry type
5476−will be mapped to CSL `manuscript`).
5478−For a talk, an unpublished conference paper, or a poster
5479−presentation, use the biblatex entry type `unpublished` with an
5480−`eventtitle` field (this entry type will be mapped to CSL
5481−`speech`). Use the biblatex `type` field to indicate the type,
5482−e.g. "Paper", or "Poster". `venue` and `eventdate` may be useful
5483−too, though `eventdate` will not be rendered by most CSL styles.
5484−Note that `venue` is for the event's venue, unlike `location`
5485−which describes the publisher's location; do not use the latter
5486−for an unpublished conference paper.
5489−## Specifying a citation style
5491−Citations and references can be formatted using any style supported by the
5492−[Citation Style Language], listed in the [Zotero Style Repository].
5493−These files are specified using the `--csl` option or the `csl`
5494−(or `citation-style`) metadata field. By default, pandoc will
5495−use the [Chicago Manual of Style] author-date format. (You can
5496−override this default by copying a CSL style of your choice
5497−to `default.csl` in your user data directory.)
5498−The CSL project provides further information on [finding and
5501−The `--citation-abbreviations` option (or the
5502−`citation-abbreviations` metadata field) may be used to specify
5503−a JSON file containing abbreviations of journals that should be
5504−used in formatted bibliographies when `form="short"` is
5505−specified. The format of the file can be illustrated with an
5510− "container-title": {
5511− "Lloyd's Law Reports": "Lloyd's Rep",
5512− "Estates Gazette": "EG",
5513− "Scots Law Times": "SLT"
5519−## Citations in note styles
5521−Pandoc's citation processing is designed to allow you to
5522−move between author-date, numerical, and note styles without
5523−modifying the markdown source. When you're using a note
5524−style, avoid inserting footnotes manually. Instead, insert
5525−citations just as you would in an author-date style---for
5528− Blah blah [@foo, p. 33].
5530−The footnote will be created automatically. Pandoc will take
5531−care of removing the space and moving the note before or
5532−after the period, depending on the setting of
5533−`notes-after-punctuation`, as described below in [Other relevant
5536−In some cases you may need to put a citation inside a regular
5537−footnote. Normal citations in footnotes (such as `[@foo, p.
5538−33]`) will be rendered in parentheses. In-text citations (such
5539−as `@foo [p. 33]`) will be rendered without parentheses. (A
5540−comma will be added if appropriate.) Thus:
5542− [^1]: Some studies [@foo; @bar, p. 33] show that
5543− frubulicious zoosnaps are quantical. For a survey
5544− of the literature, see @baz [chap. 1].
5546−## Raw content in a style
5548−To include raw content in a prefix, suffix, delimiter, or term,
5549−surround it with these tags indicating the format:
5551− {{jats}}<ref>{{/jats}}
5553−Without the tags, the string will be interpreted as a string
5554−and escaped in the output, rather than being passed through raw.
5556−This feature allows stylesheets to be customized to give
5557−different output for different output formats. However,
5558−stylesheets customized in this way will not be usable
5559−by other CSL implementations.
5563−## Placement of the bibliography
5565−If the style calls for a list of works cited, it will be placed
5566−in a div with id `refs`, if one exists:
5571−Otherwise, it will be placed at the end of the document.
5572−Generation of the bibliography can be suppressed by setting
5573−`suppress-bibliography: true` in the YAML metadata.
5575−If you wish the bibliography to have a section heading, you can
5576−set `reference-section-title` in the metadata, or put the heading
5577−at the beginning of the div with id `refs` (if you are using it)
5578−or at the end of your document:
5584−The bibliography will be inserted after this heading. Note that
5585−the `unnumbered` class will be added to this heading, so that the
5586−section will not be numbered.
5588−## Including uncited items in the bibliography
5590−If you want to include items in the bibliography without actually
5591−citing them in the body text, you can define a dummy `nocite` metadata
5592−field and put the citations there:
5601−In this example, the document will contain a citation for `item3`
5602−only, but the bibliography will contain entries for `item1`, `item2`, and
5605−It is possible to create a bibliography with all the citations,
5606−whether or not they appear in the document, by using a wildcard:
5613−For LaTeX output, you can also use [`natbib`] or [`biblatex`] to
5614−render the bibliography. In order to do so, specify bibliography
5615−files as outlined above, and add `--natbib` or `--biblatex`
5616−argument to `pandoc` invocation. Bear in mind that bibliography
5617−files have to be in either BibTeX (for `--natbib`)
5618−or BibLaTeX (for `--biblatex`) format.
5620−## Other relevant metadata fields
5622−A few other metadata fields affect bibliography formatting:
5625−: If true, citations will be
5626− hyperlinked to the corresponding bibliography entries
5627− (for author-date and numerical styles only).
5630−: The `lang` field will affect how the style is localized,
5631− for example in the translation of labels, the use
5632− of quotation marks, and the way items are sorted.
5633− (For backwards compatibility, `locale` may be used instead
5634− of `lang`, but this use is deprecated.)
5636− A BCP 47 language tag is expected: for example, `en`,
5637− `de`, `en-US`, `fr-CA`, `ug-Cyrl`. The unicode extension
5638− syntax (after `-u-`) may be used to specify options for
5639− collation (sorting) more precisely. Here are some examples:
5641− - `zh-u-co-pinyin` -- Chinese with the Pinyin collation.
5642− - `es-u-co-trad` -- Spanish with the traditional collation
5643− (with `Ch` sorting after `C`).
5644− - `fr-u-kb` -- French with "backwards" accent sorting
5645− (with `coté` sorting after `côte`).
5646− - `en-US-u-kf-upper` -- English with uppercase letters sorting
5647− before lower (default is lower before upper).
5649−`notes-after-punctuation`
5650−: If true (the default), pandoc will put footnote citations
5651− after following punctuation. For example, if the source
5652− contains `blah blah [@jones99].`, the result will look like
5653− `blah blah.[^1]`, with the note moved after the period and
5654− the space collapsed. If false, the space will still be
5655− collapsed, but the footnote will not be moved after the
5661You can use pandoc to produce an HTML + JavaScript slide presentation
4507You can use pandoc to produce an HTML + JavaScript slide presentation
5662that can be viewed via a web browser. There are five ways to do this,
4508that can be viewed via a web browser. There are five ways to do this,
@@ -5704,21 +4550,18 @@ To produce an HTML/JavaScript slide show, simply type
5705where `FORMAT` is either `s5`, `slidy`, `slideous`, `dzslides`, or `revealjs`.
4551where `FORMAT` is either `s5`, `slidy`, `slideous`, `dzslides`, or `revealjs`.
5707−For Slidy, Slideous, reveal.js, and S5, the file produced by
4553+For Slidy, Slideous, reveal.js, and S5, the file produced by pandoc with the
5708−pandoc with the `-s/--standalone` option embeds a link to
4554+`-s/--standalone` option embeds a link to JavaScript and CSS files, which are
5709−JavaScript and CSS files, which are assumed to be available at
5710−the relative path `s5/default` (for S5), `slideous` (for
4555+assumed to be available at the relative path `s5/default` (for S5), `slideous`
5711−Slideous), `reveal.js` (for reveal.js), or at the Slidy website
4556+(for Slideous), `reveal.js` (for reveal.js), or at the Slidy website at
5712−at `w3.org` (for Slidy). (These paths can be changed by setting
4557+`w3.org` (for Slidy). (These paths can be changed by setting the `slidy-url`,
5713−the `slidy-url`, `slideous-url`, `revealjs-url`, or `s5-url`
5714−variables; see [Variables for HTML slides], above.) For
4558+`slideous-url`, `revealjs-url`, or `s5-url` variables; see [Variables for HTML slides],
5715−DZSlides, the (relatively short) JavaScript and CSS are included
4559+above.) For DZSlides, the (relatively short) JavaScript and CSS are included in
5716−in the file by default.
4560+the file by default.
5718−With all HTML slide formats, the `--self-contained` option can
4562+With all HTML slide formats, the `--self-contained` option can be used to
5719−be used to produce a single file that contains all of the data
4563+produce a single file that contains all of the data necessary to display the
5720−necessary to display the slide show, including linked scripts,
5721−stylesheets, images, and videos.
4564+slide show, including linked scripts, stylesheets, images, and videos.
5723To produce a PDF slide show using beamer, type
4566To produce a PDF slide show using beamer, type
@@ -5731,7 +4574,8 @@ To produce a Powerpoint slide show, type
5732 pandoc habits.txt -o habits.pptx
4575 pandoc habits.txt -o habits.pptx
5734−## Structuring the slide show
4577+Structuring the slide show
4578+--------------------------
5736By default, the *slide level* is the highest heading level in
4580By default, the *slide level* is the highest heading level in
5737the hierarchy that is followed immediately by content, and not another
4581the hierarchy that is followed immediately by content, and not another
@@ -5748,11 +4592,7 @@ rules:
5748 * A heading at the slide level always starts a new slide.
4592 * A heading at the slide level always starts a new slide.
5750 * Headings *below* the slide level in the hierarchy create
4594 * Headings *below* the slide level in the hierarchy create
5751− headings *within* a slide. (In beamer, a "block" will be
4595+ headings *within* a slide.
5752− created. If the heading has the class `example`, an
5753− `exampleblock` environment will be used; if it has the class
5754− `alert`, an `alertblock` will be used; otherwise a regular
5755− `block` will be used.)
5757 * Headings *above* the slide level in the hierarchy create
4597 * Headings *above* the slide level in the hierarchy create
5758 "title slides," which just contain the section title
4598 "title slides," which just contain the section title
@@ -5776,7 +4616,8 @@ layout will be produced, with level-1 headings building horizontally
5776and level-2 headings building vertically. It is not recommended that
4616and level-2 headings building vertically. It is not recommended that
5777you use deeper nesting of section levels with reveal.js.
4617you use deeper nesting of section levels with reveal.js.
5779−## Incremental lists
4619+Incremental lists
5781By default, these writers produce lists that display "all at once."
4622By default, these writers produce lists that display "all at once."
5782If you want your lists to display incrementally (one item at a time),
4623If you want your lists to display incrementally (one item at a time),
@@ -5814,10 +4655,8 @@ option):
5814Both methods allow incremental and nonincremental lists to be mixed
4655Both methods allow incremental and nonincremental lists to be mixed
5815in a single document.
4656in a single document.
5817−Note: Neither the `-i/--incremental` option nor any of the
5818−methods described here currently works for PowerPoint output.
5820−## Inserting pauses
4658+Inserting pauses
5822You can add "pauses" within a slide by including a paragraph containing
4661You can add "pauses" within a slide by including a paragraph containing
5823three dots, separated by spaces:
4662three dots, separated by spaces:
@@ -5830,9 +4669,8 @@ three dots, separated by spaces:
5831 content after the pause
4670 content after the pause
5833−Note: this feature is not yet implemented for PowerPoint output.
5835−## Styling the slides
4672+Styling the slides
5837You can change the style of HTML slides by putting customized CSS files
4675You can change the style of HTML slides by putting customized CSS files
5838in `$DATADIR/s5/default` (for S5), `$DATADIR/slidy` (for Slidy),
4676in `$DATADIR/s5/default` (for S5), `$DATADIR/slidy` (for Slidy),
@@ -5867,7 +4705,8 @@ bibliographies:
5868 # References {.allowframebreaks}
4706 # References {.allowframebreaks}
5870−## Speaker notes
4708+Speaker notes
5872Speaker notes are supported in reveal.js and PowerPoint (pptx)
4711Speaker notes are supported in reveal.js and PowerPoint (pptx)
5873output. You can add notes to your Markdown document thus:
4712output. You can add notes to your Markdown document thus:
@@ -5888,7 +4727,8 @@ in handouts and presenter view.
5888Notes are not yet supported for other slide formats, but the notes
4727Notes are not yet supported for other slide formats, but the notes
5889will not appear on the slides themselves.
4728will not appear on the slides themselves.
5891−## Columns
4730+Columns
5893To put material in side by side columns, you can use a native
4733To put material in side by side columns, you can use a native
5894div container with class `columns`, containing two or more div
4734div container with class `columns`, containing two or more div
@@ -5903,42 +4743,8 @@ containers with class `column` and a `width` attribute:
5904 ::::::::::::::
4744 ::::::::::::::
5906−### Additional columns attributes in beamer
5908−The div containers with classes `columns` and `column` can optionally have
5909−an `align` attribute.
5910−The class `columns` can optionally have a `totalwidth` attribute or an
5911−`onlytextwidth` class.
5913− :::::::::::::: {.columns align=center totalwidth=8em}
5914− ::: {.column width="40%"}
5917− ::: {.column width="60%" align=bottom}
5922−The `align` attributes on `columns` and `column` can be used with the
5923−values `top`, `top-baseline`, `center` and `bottom` to vertically align
5924−the columns. It defaults to `top` in `columns`.
5926−The `totalwidth` attribute limits the width of the columns to the given value.
5928− :::::::::::::: {.columns align=top .onlytextwidth}
5929− ::: {.column width="40%" align=center}
5932− ::: {.column width="60%"}
5937−The class `onlytextwidth` sets the `totalwidth` to `\textwidth`.
5939−See Section 12.7 of the [Beamer User's Guide] for more details.
5941−## Frame attributes in beamer
4746+Frame attributes in beamer
4747+--------------------------
5943Sometimes it is necessary to add the LaTeX `[fragile]` option to
4749Sometimes it is necessary to add the LaTeX `[fragile]` option to
5944a frame in beamer (for example, when using the `minted` environment).
4750a frame in beamer (for example, when using the `minted` environment).
@@ -5952,9 +4758,10 @@ the [Beamer User's Guide] may also be used: `allowdisplaybreaks`,
5952`allowframebreaks`, `b`, `c`, `t`, `environment`, `label`, `plain`,
4758`allowframebreaks`, `b`, `c`, `t`, `environment`, `label`, `plain`,
5953`shrink`, `standout`, `noframenumbering`.
4759`shrink`, `standout`, `noframenumbering`.
5955−## Background in reveal.js and beamer
4761+Background in reveal.js and beamer
4762+----------------------------------
5957−Background images can be added to self-contained reveal.js slideshows and
4764+Background images can be added to self-contained reveal.js slideshows and
5958to beamer slideshows.
4765to beamer slideshows.
5960For the same image on every slide, use the configuration
4767For the same image on every slide, use the configuration
@@ -5962,9 +4769,9 @@ option `background-image` either in the YAML metadata block
5962or as a command-line variable. (There are no other options in
4769or as a command-line variable. (There are no other options in
5963beamer and the rest of this section concerns reveal.js slideshows.)
4770beamer and the rest of this section concerns reveal.js slideshows.)
5965−For reveal.js, you can instead use the reveal.js-native option
4772+For reveal.js, you can instead use the reveal.js-native option
5966−`parallaxBackgroundImage`. You can also set `parallaxBackgroundHorizontal`
4773+`parallaxBackgroundImage`. You can also set `parallaxBackgroundHorizontal`
5967−and `parallaxBackgroundVertical` the same way and must also set
4774+and `parallaxBackgroundVertical` the same way and must also set
5968`parallaxBackgroundSize` to have your values take effect.
4775`parallaxBackgroundSize` to have your values take effect.
5970To set an image for a particular reveal.js slide, add
4777To set an image for a particular reveal.js slide, add
@@ -5978,12 +4785,9 @@ Other reveal.js background settings also work on individual slides, including
5978`data-background-size`, `data-background-repeat`, `data-background-color`,
4785`data-background-size`, `data-background-repeat`, `data-background-color`,
5979`data-transition`, and `data-transition-speed`.
4786`data-transition`, and `data-transition-speed`.
5981−To add a background image to the automatically generated title slide, use the
4788+See the [reveal.js
5982−`title-slide-attributes` variable in the YAML metadata block. It must contain
5983−a map of attribute names and values.
5985−See the [reveal.js documentation](https://revealjs.com/backgrounds/) for more
4789+documentation](https://github.com/hakimel/reveal.js#slide-backgrounds)
5986−details.
4790+for more details.
5988For example in reveal.js:
4792For example in reveal.js:
@@ -5991,9 +4795,6 @@ For example in reveal.js:
5992title: My Slideshow
4796title: My Slideshow
5993parallaxBackgroundImage: /path/to/my/background_image.png
4797parallaxBackgroundImage: /path/to/my/background_image.png
5994−title-slide-attributes:
5995− data-background-image: /path/to/title_image.png
5996− data-background-size: contain
5999## Slide One
4800## Slide One
@@ -6005,9 +4806,11 @@ Slide 1 has background_image.png as its background.
6005Slide 2 has a special image for its background, even though the heading has no content.
4806Slide 2 has a special image for its background, even though the heading has no content.
6008−# EPUBs
4809+Creating EPUBs with pandoc
4810+==========================
6010−## EPUB Metadata
4812+EPUB Metadata
6012EPUB metadata may be specified using the `--epub-metadata` option, but
4815EPUB metadata may be specified using the `--epub-metadata` option, but
6013if the source document is Markdown, it is better to use a [YAML metadata
4816if the source document is Markdown, it is better to use a [YAML metadata
@@ -6085,15 +4888,6 @@ The following fields are recognized:
6087 ~ A string value.
4890 ~ A string value.
6089−`belongs-to-collection`
6090− ~ A string value. identifies the name of a collection to which
6091− the EPUB Publication belongs.
6094− ~ The `group-position` field indicates the numeric position in which
6095− the EPUB Publication belongs relative to other works belonging to
6096− the same `belongs-to-collection` field.
6098`cover-image`
4892`cover-image`
6099 ~ A string value (path to cover image).
4893 ~ A string value (path to cover image).
@@ -6115,10 +4909,11 @@ The following fields are recognized:
6115 - `binding`: `true`|`false` (default `true`)
4909 - `binding`: `true`|`false` (default `true`)
6116 - `scroll-axis`: `vertical`|`horizontal`|`default`
4910 - `scroll-axis`: `vertical`|`horizontal`|`default`
6118−[MARC relators]: https://loc.gov/marc/relators/relaterm.html
4912+[MARC relators]: http://loc.gov/marc/relators/relaterm.html
6119[`spine` element]: http://idpf.org/epub/301/spec/epub-publications.html#sec-spine-elem
4913[`spine` element]: http://idpf.org/epub/301/spec/epub-publications.html#sec-spine-elem
6121−## The `epub:type` attribute
4915+The `epub:type` attribute
4916+-------------------------
6123For `epub3` output, you can mark up the heading that corresponds to an EPUB
4918For `epub3` output, you can mark up the heading that corresponds to an EPUB
6124chapter using the [`epub:type` attribute][epub-type]. For example, to set
4919chapter using the [`epub:type` attribute][epub-type]. For example, to set
@@ -6143,26 +4938,22 @@ abstract frontmatter
6143acknowledgments frontmatter
4938acknowledgments frontmatter
6144copyright-page frontmatter
4939copyright-page frontmatter
6145dedication frontmatter
4940dedication frontmatter
6147−keywords frontmatter
6149−contributors frontmatter
6150−other-credits frontmatter
6152−revision-history frontmatter
6153−titlepage frontmatter
6154−halftitlepage frontmatter
6155−seriespage frontmatter
6156foreword frontmatter
4941foreword frontmatter
4942+halftitle, frontmatter
4943+introduction frontmatter
6157preface frontmatter
4944preface frontmatter
4945+seriespage frontmatter
4946+titlepage frontmatter
4947+afterword backmatter
6158appendix backmatter
4948appendix backmatter
6159colophon backmatter
4949colophon backmatter
6160−bibliography backmatter
4950+conclusion backmatter
6161−index backmatter
4951+epigraph backmatter
6163[epub-type]: http://www.idpf.org/epub/31/spec/epub-contentdocs.html#sec-epub-type-attribute
4953[epub-type]: http://www.idpf.org/epub/31/spec/epub-contentdocs.html#sec-epub-type-attribute
6165−## Linked media
4955+Linked media
6167By default, pandoc will download media referenced from any `<img>`, `<audio>`,
4958By default, pandoc will download media referenced from any `<img>`, `<audio>`,
6168`<video>` or `<source>` element present in the generated EPUB,
4959`<video>` or `<source>` element present in the generated EPUB,
@@ -6172,12 +4963,13 @@ instead, use raw HTML in your source and add `data-external="1"` to the tag
6172with the `src` attribute. For example:
4963with the `src` attribute. For example:
6174 <audio controls="1">
4965 <audio controls="1">
6175− <source src="https://example.com/music/toccata.mp3"
4966+ <source src="http://example.com/music/toccata.mp3"
6176 data-external="1" type="audio/mpeg">
4967 data-external="1" type="audio/mpeg">
6177 </source>
4968 </source>
6178 </audio>
4969 </audio>
6180−# Jupyter notebooks
4971+Creating Jupyter notebooks with pandoc
4972+======================================
6182When creating a [Jupyter notebook], pandoc will try to infer the
4974When creating a [Jupyter notebook], pandoc will try to infer the
6183notebook structure. Code blocks with the class `code` will be
4975notebook structure. Code blocks with the class `code` will be
@@ -6302,7 +5094,8 @@ soft line breaks in Markdown cells; `--atx-headers` will
6302cause ATX-style headings to be used; and `--preserve-tabs` will
5094cause ATX-style headings to be used; and `--preserve-tabs` will
6303prevent tabs from being turned to spaces.
5095prevent tabs from being turned to spaces.
6305−# Syntax highlighting
5097+Syntax highlighting
6307Pandoc will automatically highlight syntax in [fenced code blocks] that
5100Pandoc will automatically highlight syntax in [fenced code blocks] that
6308are marked with a language name. The Haskell library [skylighting] is
5101are marked with a language name. The Haskell library [skylighting] is
@@ -6330,7 +5123,7 @@ Then edit `my.theme` and use it like this:
6330If you are not satisfied with the built-in highlighting, or you
5123If you are not satisfied with the built-in highlighting, or you
6331want highlight a language that isn't supported, you can use the
5124want highlight a language that isn't supported, you can use the
6332`--syntax-definition` option to load a [KDE-style XML syntax definition
5125`--syntax-definition` option to load a [KDE-style XML syntax definition
6333−file](https://docs.kde.org/stable5/en/kate/katepart/highlight.html).
5126+file](https://docs.kde.org/stable5/en/applications/katepart/highlight.html).
6334Before writing your own, have a look at KDE's [repository of syntax
5127Before writing your own, have a look at KDE's [repository of syntax
6335definitions](https://github.com/KDE/syntax-highlighting/tree/master/data/syntax).
5128definitions](https://github.com/KDE/syntax-highlighting/tree/master/data/syntax).
@@ -6338,11 +5131,13 @@ To disable highlighting, use the `--no-highlight` option.
6339[skylighting]: https://github.com/jgm/skylighting
5132[skylighting]: https://github.com/jgm/skylighting
6341−# Custom Styles
5134+Custom Styles
6343Custom styles can be used in the docx and ICML formats.
5137Custom styles can be used in the docx and ICML formats.
6345−## Output
5139+Output
6347By default, pandoc's docx and ICML output applies a predefined set of styles
5142By default, pandoc's docx and ICML output applies a predefined set of styles
6348for blocks such as paragraphs and block quotes, and uses largely default
5143for blocks such as paragraphs and block quotes, and uses largely default
@@ -6353,10 +5148,8 @@ styles, pandoc allows you to define custom styles for blocks and text
6353using `div`s and `span`s, respectively.
5148using `div`s and `span`s, respectively.
6355If you define a `div` or `span` with the attribute `custom-style`,
5150If you define a `div` or `span` with the attribute `custom-style`,
6356−pandoc will apply your specified style to the contained elements (with
5151+pandoc will apply your specified style to the contained elements. So,
6357−the exception of elements whose function depends on a style, like
6358−headings, code blocks, block quotes, or links). So, for example, using
6359−the `bracketed_spans` syntax,
5152+for example using the `bracketed_spans` syntax,
6361 [Get out]{custom-style="Emphatically"}, he said.
5154 [Get out]{custom-style="Emphatically"}, he said.
@@ -6387,9 +5180,10 @@ custom-style `span`.
6387For docx output, you don't need to enable any extensions for
5180For docx output, you don't need to enable any extensions for
6388custom styles to work.
5181custom styles to work.
6390−[pandoc filters]: https://pandoc.org/filters.html
5183+[pandoc filters]: http://pandoc.org/filters.html
6394The docx reader, by default, only reads those styles that it can
5188The docx reader, by default, only reads those styles that it can
6395convert into pandoc elements, either by direct conversion or
5189convert into pandoc elements, either by direct conversion or
@@ -6418,17 +5212,17 @@ And with the extension:
6419 $ pandoc test/docx/custom-style-reference.docx -f docx+styles -t markdown
5213 $ pandoc test/docx/custom-style-reference.docx -f docx+styles -t markdown
6421− ::: {custom-style="First Paragraph"}
5215+ ::: {custom-style="FirstParagraph"}
6422 This is some text.
5216 This is some text.
6425− ::: {custom-style="Body Text"}
5219+ ::: {custom-style="BodyText"}
6426 This is text with an [emphasized]{custom-style="Emphatic"} text style.
5220 This is text with an [emphasized]{custom-style="Emphatic"} text style.
6427 And this is text with a [strengthened]{custom-style="Strengthened"}
5221 And this is text with a [strengthened]{custom-style="Strengthened"}
6428 text style.
5222 text style.
6431− ::: {custom-style="My Block Style"}
5225+ ::: {custom-style="MyBlockStyle"}
6432 > Here is a styled paragraph that inherits from Block Text.
5226 > Here is a styled paragraph that inherits from Block Text.
@@ -6436,47 +5230,27 @@ With these custom styles, you can use your input document as a
6436reference-doc while creating docx output (see below), and maintain the
5230reference-doc while creating docx output (see below), and maintain the
6437same styles in your input and output files.
5231same styles in your input and output files.
6439−# Custom writers
5233+Custom writers
6441−Pandoc can be extended with custom writers written in [Lua]. (Pandoc
5236+Pandoc can be extended with custom writers written in [lua]. (Pandoc
6442−includes a Lua interpreter, so Lua need not be installed separately.)
5237+includes a lua interpreter, so lua need not be installed separately.)
6444−To use a custom writer, simply specify the path to the Lua script
5239+To use a custom writer, simply specify the path to the lua script
6445in place of the output format. For example:
5240in place of the output format. For example:
6447 pandoc -t data/sample.lua
5242 pandoc -t data/sample.lua
6449−Creating a custom writer requires writing a Lua function for each
5244+Creating a custom writer requires writing a lua function for each
6450possible element in a pandoc document. To get a documented example
5245possible element in a pandoc document. To get a documented example
6451which you can modify according to your needs, do
5246which you can modify according to your needs, do
6453 pandoc --print-default-data-file sample.lua
5248 pandoc --print-default-data-file sample.lua
6455−Note that custom writers have no default template. If you want
6456−to use `--standalone` with a custom writer, you will need to
6457−specify a template manually using `--template` or add a new
6458−default template with the name
6459−`default.NAME_OF_CUSTOM_WRITER.lua` to the `templates`
6460−subdirectory of your user data directory (see [Templates]).
6462−[Lua]: https://www.lua.org
5250+[lua]: http://www.lua.org
6464−# Reproducible builds
6466−Some of the document formats pandoc targets (such as EPUB,
6467−docx, and ODT) include build timestamps in the generated document.
6468−That means that the files generated on successive builds will
6469−differ, even if the source does not. To avoid this, set the
6470−`SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH` environment variable, and the timestamp will
6471−be taken from it instead of the current time.
6472−`SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH` should contain an integer unix timestamp
6473−(specifying the number of second since midnight UTC January 1, 1970).
6475−Some document formats also include a unique identifier. For
6476−EPUB, this can be set explicitly by setting the `identifier`
6477−metadata field (see [EPUB Metadata], above).
6479−# A note on security
5252+A note on security
6481If you use pandoc to convert user-contributed content in a web
5255If you use pandoc to convert user-contributed content in a web
6482application, here are some things to keep in mind:
5256application, here are some things to keep in mind:
@@ -6491,7 +5265,7 @@ application, here are some things to keep in mind:
6491 shelling out to the executable), it is possible to use it in a mode
5265 shelling out to the executable), it is possible to use it in a mode
6492 that fully isolates pandoc from your file system, by running the
5266 that fully isolates pandoc from your file system, by running the
6493 pandoc operations in the `PandocPure` monad. See the document
5267 pandoc operations in the `PandocPure` monad. See the document
6494− [Using the pandoc API](https://pandoc.org/using-the-pandoc-api.html)
5268+ [Using the pandoc API](http://pandoc.org/using-the-pandoc-api.html)
6495 for more details.
5269 for more details.
64973. Pandoc's parsers can exhibit pathological performance on some
52713. Pandoc's parsers can exhibit pathological performance on some
@@ -6504,17 +5278,17 @@ application, here are some things to keep in mind:
65044. The HTML generated by pandoc is not guaranteed to be safe.
52784. The HTML generated by pandoc is not guaranteed to be safe.
6505 If `raw_html` is enabled for the Markdown input, users can
5279 If `raw_html` is enabled for the Markdown input, users can
6506 inject arbitrary HTML. Even if `raw_html` is disabled,
5280 inject arbitrary HTML. Even if `raw_html` is disabled,
6507− users can include dangerous content in URLs and attributes.
5281+ users can include dangerous content in attributes for
5282+ headings, spans, and code blocks. To be safe, you should
6508− To be safe, you should run all the generated HTML through
5283+ run all the generated HTML through an HTML sanitizer.
6511−# Authors
5285+Authors
6513−Copyright 2006--2021 John MacFarlane (jgm@berkeley.edu). Released
5288+Copyright 2006--2019 John MacFarlane (jgm@berkeley.edu). Released
6514under the [GPL], version 2 or greater. This software carries no
5289under the [GPL], version 2 or greater. This software carries no
6515warranty of any kind. (See COPYRIGHT for full copyright and
5290warranty of any kind. (See COPYRIGHT for full copyright and
6516warranty notices.) For a full list of contributors, see the file
5291warranty notices.) For a full list of contributors, see the file
6517AUTHORS.md in the pandoc source code.
5292AUTHORS.md in the pandoc source code.
6519−[GPL]: https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html "GNU General Public License"
5294+[GPL]: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html "GNU General Public License"
6520−[YAML]: https://yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html "YAML v1.2 Spec"