@@ -1,18 +1,14 @@
1−{-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable #-}
2−{-# LANGUAGE NamedFieldPuns #-}
3−{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
4−{-# LANGUAGE PatternGuards #-}
5−{-# LANGUAGE RecordWildCards #-}
6−{-# LANGUAGE ViewPatterns #-}
7−
1+{-# LANGUAGE BangPatterns, DeriveDataTypeable, OverloadedStrings #-}
2+{-# LANGUAGE DoAndIfThenElse, RecordWildCards, NamedFieldPuns #-}
83------------------------------------------------------------------------------
94-- |
105-- Module: Database.PostgreSQL.Simple
116-- Copyright: (c) 2011 MailRank, Inc.
12−-- (c) 2011-2012 Leon P Smith
7+-- (c) 2011 Leon P Smith
138-- License: BSD3
149-- Maintainer: Leon P Smith <leon@melding-monads.com>
1510-- Stability: experimental
11+-- Portability: portable
1612--
1713-- A mid-level client library for the PostgreSQL database, aimed at ease of
1814-- use and high performance.
@@ -42,9 +38,6 @@ module Database.PostgreSQL.Simple
4238 -- ** Modifying multiple rows at once
4339 -- $many
4440
45− -- ** @RETURNING@: modifications that return results
46− -- $returning
47−
4841 -- * Extracting results
4942 -- $result
5043
@@ -55,54 +48,33 @@ module Database.PostgreSQL.Simple
5548 -- $types
5649
5750 -- * Types
58− Connection
51+ Base.ConnectInfo(..)
52+ , Connection
5953 , Query
60− , ToRow
61− , FromRow
6254 , In(..)
6355 , Binary(..)
6456 , Only(..)
65− , (:.)(..)
6657 -- ** Exceptions
67− , SomePostgreSqlException(..)
6858 , SqlError(..)
69− , PQ.ExecStatus(..)
70− , FormatError(..)
71− , QueryError(..)
72− , ResultError(..)
59+ , FormatError(fmtMessage, fmtQuery, fmtParams)
60+ , QueryError(qeMessage, qeQuery)
61+ , ResultError(errSQLType, errHaskellType, errMessage)
7362 -- * Connection management
74− , Base.connectPostgreSQL
75− , Base.close
7663 , Base.connect
77− , Base.withConnect
78− , Base.ConnectInfo(..)
79− , Base.defaultConnectInfo
64+ , Base.connectPostgreSQL
8065 , Base.postgreSQLConnectionString
66+ , Base.defaultConnectInfo
67+ , Base.close
8168 -- * Queries that return results
8269 , query
8370 , query_
84− -- ** Queries taking parser as argument
85− , queryWith
86− , queryWith_
71+{--
8772 -- * Queries that stream results
88− , FoldOptions(..)
89− , FetchQuantity(..)
90− , defaultFoldOptions
9173 , fold
92− , foldWithOptions
9374 , fold_
94− , foldWithOptions_
9575 , forEach
9676 , forEach_
97− , returning
98− -- ** Queries that stream results taking a parser as an argument
99− , foldWith
100− , foldWithOptionsAndParser
101− , foldWith_
102− , foldWithOptionsAndParser_
103− , forEachWith
104− , forEachWith_
105− , returningWith
77+--}
10678 -- * Statements that do not return results
10779 , execute
10880 , execute_
@@ -110,7 +82,6 @@ module Database.PostgreSQL.Simple
11082-- , Base.insertID
11183 -- * Transaction handling
11284 , withTransaction
113− , withSavepoint
11485-- , Base.autocommit
11586 , begin
11687 , commit
@@ -120,27 +91,55 @@ module Database.PostgreSQL.Simple
12091 , formatQuery
12192 ) where
12293
123−import Data.ByteString.Builder (Builder, byteString, char8)
124−import Control.Applicative ((<$>))
125−import Control.Exception as E
126−import Data.ByteString (ByteString)
127−import Data.Int (Int64)
128−import Data.List (intersperse)
129−import Data.Monoid (mconcat)
130−import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.Compat ((<>), toByteString)
131−import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.Cursor
132−import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.FromField (ResultError(..))
133−import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.FromRow (FromRow(..))
134−import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.ToField (Action(..))
135−import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.ToRow (ToRow(..))
136−import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.Types
137− ( Binary(..), In(..), Only(..), Query(..), (:.)(..) )
138−import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.Internal as Base
139−import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.Internal.PQResultUtils
140−import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.Transaction
94+import Blaze.ByteString.Builder (Builder, fromByteString, toByteString)
95+import Blaze.ByteString.Builder.Char8 (fromChar)
96+import Control.Applicative ((<$>), pure)
97+import Control.Concurrent.MVar
98+import Control.Exception (Exception, bracket, onException, throw, throwIO)
99+import Control.Monad (forM)
100+import Control.Monad.Fix (fix)
101+import Data.ByteString (ByteString)
102+-- import qualified Data.ByteString as B (unpack)
103+import Data.Char(ord)
104+import Data.Int (Int64)
105+import qualified Data.IntMap as IntMap
106+import Data.List (intersperse)
107+import Data.Monoid (mappend, mconcat)
108+import Data.Typeable (Typeable)
109+--import Database.MySQL.Base (Connection, Result)
110+--import Database.MySQL.Base.Types (Field)
111+import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.BuiltinTypes (oid2builtin, builtin2typname)
112+import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.Param (Action(..), inQuotes)
113+import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.QueryParams (QueryParams(..))
114+import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.Result (ResultError(..))
115+import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.QueryResults (QueryResults(..))
116+-- import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.Result (ResultError(..))
117+import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.Types (Binary(..), In(..), Only(..), Query(..))
118+import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.Internal as Base
141119import qualified Database.PostgreSQL.LibPQ as PQ
120+import Text.Regex.PCRE.Light (compile, caseless, match)
142121import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as B
122+--import qualified Database.MySQL.Base as Base
123+
124+-- | Exception thrown if a 'Query' could not be formatted correctly.
125+-- This may occur if the number of \'@?@\' characters in the query
126+-- string does not match the number of parameters provided.
127+data FormatError = FormatError {
128+ fmtMessage :: String
129+ , fmtQuery :: Query
130+ , fmtParams :: [ByteString]
131+ } deriving (Eq, Show, Typeable)
132+
133+instance Exception FormatError
143134
135+-- | Exception thrown if 'query' is used to perform an @INSERT@-like
136+-- operation, or 'execute' is used to perform a @SELECT@-like operation.
137+data QueryError = QueryError {
138+ qeMessage :: String
139+ , qeQuery :: Query
140+ } deriving (Eq, Show, Typeable)
141+
142+instance Exception QueryError
144143
145144-- | Format a query string.
146145--
@@ -152,11 +151,11 @@ import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as B
152151--
153152-- Throws 'FormatError' if the query string could not be formatted
154153-- correctly.
155−formatQuery :: ToRow q => Connection -> Query -> q -> IO ByteString
154+formatQuery :: QueryParams q => Connection -> Query -> q -> IO ByteString
156155formatQuery conn q@(Query template) qs
157156 | null xs && '?' `B.notElem` template = return template
158157 | otherwise = toByteString <$> buildQuery conn q template xs
159− where xs = toRow qs
158+ where xs = renderParams qs
160159
161160-- | Format a query string with a variable number of rows.
162161--
@@ -171,208 +170,105 @@ formatQuery conn q@(Query template) qs
171170--
172171-- Throws 'FormatError' if the query string could not be formatted
173172-- correctly.
174−formatMany :: (ToRow q) => Connection -> Query -> [q] -> IO ByteString
173+formatMany :: (QueryParams q) => Connection -> Query -> [q] -> IO ByteString
175174formatMany _ q [] = fmtError "no rows supplied" q []
176175formatMany conn q@(Query template) qs = do
177− case parseTemplate template of
178− Just (before, qbits, after) -> do
179− bs <- mapM (buildQuery conn q qbits . toRow) qs
180− return . toByteString . mconcat $ byteString before :
181− intersperse (char8 ',') bs ++
182− [byteString after]
183− Nothing -> fmtError "syntax error in multi-row template" q []
184−
185−-- Split the input string into three pieces, @before@, @qbits@, and @after@,
186−-- following this grammar:
187−--
188−-- start: ^ before qbits after $
189−-- before: ([^?]* [^?\w])? 'VALUES' \s*
190−-- qbits: '(' \s* '?' \s* (',' \s* '?' \s*)* ')'
191−-- after: [^?]*
192−--
193−-- \s: [ \t\n\r\f]
194−-- \w: [A-Z] | [a-z] | [\x80-\xFF] | '_' | '$' | [0-9]
195−--
196−-- This would be much more concise with some sort of regex engine.
197−-- 'formatMany' used to use pcre-light instead of this hand-written parser,
198−-- but pcre is a hassle to install on Windows.
199−parseTemplate :: ByteString -> Maybe (ByteString, ByteString, ByteString)
200−parseTemplate template =
201− -- Convert input string to uppercase, to facilitate searching.
202− search $ B.map toUpper_ascii template
176+ case match re template [] of
177+ Just [_,before,qbits,after] -> do
178+ bs <- mapM (buildQuery conn q qbits . renderParams) qs
179+ return . toByteString . mconcat $ fromByteString before :
180+ intersperse (fromChar ',') bs ++
181+ [fromByteString after]
182+ _ -> error "foo"
203183 where
204− -- Search for the next occurrence of "VALUES"
205− search bs =
206− case B.breakSubstring "VALUES" bs of
207− (x, y)
208− -- If "VALUES" is not present in the string, or any '?' characters
209− -- were encountered prior to it, fail.
210− | B.null y || ('?' `B.elem` x)
211− -> Nothing
212−
213− -- If "VALUES" is preceded by an identifier character (a.k.a. \w),
214− -- try the next occurrence.
215− | not (B.null x) && isIdent (B.last x)
216− -> search $ B.drop 6 y
217−
218− -- Otherwise, we have a legitimate "VALUES" token.
219− | otherwise
220− -> parseQueryBits $ skipSpace $ B.drop 6 y
221−
222− -- Parse '(' \s* '?' \s* . If this doesn't match
223− -- (and we don't consume a '?'), look for another "VALUES".
224− --
225− -- qb points to the open paren (if present), meaning it points to the
226− -- beginning of the "qbits" production described above. This is why we
227− -- pass it down to finishQueryBits.
228− parseQueryBits qb
229− | Just ('(', skipSpace -> bs1) <- B.uncons qb
230− , Just ('?', skipSpace -> bs2) <- B.uncons bs1
231− = finishQueryBits qb bs2
232− | otherwise
233− = search qb
234−
235− -- Parse (',' \s* '?' \s*)* ')' [^?]* .
236− --
237− -- Since we've already consumed at least one '?', there's no turning back.
238− -- The parse has to succeed here, or the whole thing fails
239− -- (because we don't allow '?' to appear outside of the VALUES list).
240− finishQueryBits qb bs0
241− | Just (')', bs1) <- B.uncons bs0
242− = if '?' `B.elem` bs1
243− then Nothing
244− else Just $ slice3 template qb bs1
245− | Just (',', skipSpace -> bs1) <- B.uncons bs0
246− , Just ('?', skipSpace -> bs2) <- B.uncons bs1
247− = finishQueryBits qb bs2
248− | otherwise
249− = Nothing
250−
251− -- Slice a string into three pieces, given the start offset of the second
252− -- and third pieces. Each "offset" is actually a tail of the uppercase
253− -- version of the template string. Its length is used to infer the offset.
254− --
255− -- It is important to note that we only slice the original template.
256− -- We don't want our all-caps trick messing up the actual query string.
257− slice3 source p1 p2 =
258− (s1, s2, source'')
259− where
260− (s1, source') = B.splitAt (B.length source - B.length p1) source
261− (s2, source'') = B.splitAt (B.length p1 - B.length p2) source'
262−
263− toUpper_ascii c | c >= 'a' && c <= 'z' = toEnum (fromEnum c - 32)
264− | otherwise = c
265−
266− -- Based on the definition of {ident_cont} in src/backend/parser/scan.l
267− -- in the PostgreSQL source. No need to check [a-z], since we converted
268− -- the whole string to uppercase.
269− isIdent c = (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
270− || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
271− || (c >= '\x80' && c <= '\xFF')
272− || c == '_'
273− || c == '$'
274−
275− -- Based on {space} in scan.l
276− isSpace_ascii c = (c == ' ') || (c >= '\t' && c <= '\r')
277−
278− skipSpace = B.dropWhile isSpace_ascii
184+ re = compile "^([^?]+\\bvalues\\s*)\
185+ \(\\(\\s*[?](?:\\s*,\\s*[?])*\\s*\\))\
186+ \([^?]*)$"
187+ [caseless]
279188
189+escapeStringConn conn s = withConnection conn $ \c -> do
190+ PQ.escapeStringConn c s
280191
281192buildQuery :: Connection -> Query -> ByteString -> [Action] -> IO Builder
282−buildQuery conn q template xs =
283− zipParams (split template) <$> mapM (buildAction conn q xs) xs
284− where split s =
285− -- This part escapes double '??'s to make literal '?'s possible
286− -- in PostgreSQL queries using the JSON operators: @?@, @?|@ and @?&@
287− let (h,t) = breakOnSingleQuestionMark s
288− in byteString h
289− : if B.null t
290− then []
291− else split (B.tail t)
292− zipParams (t:ts) (p:ps) = t <> p <> zipParams ts ps
193+buildQuery conn q template xs = zipParams (split template) <$> mapM sub xs
194+ where quote = inQuotes . fromByteString . maybe undefined id
195+ sub (Plain b) = pure b
196+ sub (Escape s) = quote <$> escapeStringConn conn s
197+ sub (Many ys) = mconcat <$> mapM sub ys
198+ split s = fromByteString h : if B.null t then [] else split (B.tail t)
199+ where (h,t) = B.break (=='?') s
200+ zipParams (t:ts) (p:ps) = t `mappend` p `mappend` zipParams ts ps
293201 zipParams [t] [] = t
294− zipParams _ _ = fmtError (show countSingleQs ++
295− " single '?' characters, but " ++
202+ zipParams _ _ = fmtError (show (B.count '?' template) ++
203+ " '?' characters, but " ++
296204 show (length xs) ++ " parameters") q xs
297− countSingleQs = go 0 template
298− where go i "" = (i :: Int)
299− go i bs = case qms of
300− ("?","?") -> go i nextQMBS
301− ("?",_) -> go (i+1) nextQMBS
302− _ -> i
303− where qms = B.splitAt 1 qmBS
304− (qmBS,nextQMBS) = B.splitAt 2 qmBS'
305− qmBS' = B.dropWhile (/= '?') bs
306205
307206-- | Execute an @INSERT@, @UPDATE@, or other SQL query that is not
308207-- expected to return results.
309208--
310209-- Returns the number of rows affected.
311210--
312−-- Throws 'FormatError' if the query could not be formatted correctly, or
313−-- a 'SqlError' exception if the backend returns an error.
314−execute :: (ToRow q) => Connection -> Query -> q -> IO Int64
211+-- Throws 'FormatError' if the query could not be formatted correctly.
212+execute :: (QueryParams q) => Connection -> Query -> q -> IO Int64
315213execute conn template qs = do
316214 result <- exec conn =<< formatQuery conn template qs
317215 finishExecute conn template result
318216
217+-- | A version of 'execute' that does not perform query substitution.
218+execute_ :: Connection -> Query -> IO Int64
219+execute_ conn q@(Query stmt) = do
220+ result <- exec conn stmt
221+ finishExecute conn q result
222+
319223-- | Execute a multi-row @INSERT@, @UPDATE@, or other SQL query that is not
320224-- expected to return results.
321225--
322−-- Returns the number of rows affected. If the list of parameters is empty,
323−-- this function will simply return 0 without issuing the query to the backend.
324−-- If this is not desired, consider using the 'Values' constructor instead.
325−--
326−-- Throws 'FormatError' if the query could not be formatted correctly, or
327−-- a 'SqlError' exception if the backend returns an error.
328−--
329−-- For example, here's a command that inserts two rows into a table
330−-- with two columns:
331−--
332−-- @
333−-- executeMany c [sql|
334−-- INSERT INTO sometable VALUES (?,?)
335−-- |] [(1, \"hello\"),(2, \"world\")]
336−-- @
337−--
338−-- Here's an canonical example of a multi-row update command:
226+-- Returns the number of rows affected.
339227--
340−-- @
341−-- executeMany c [sql|
342−-- UPDATE sometable
343−-- SET y = upd.y
344−-- FROM (VALUES (?,?)) as upd(x,y)
345−-- WHERE sometable.x = upd.x
346−-- |] [(1, \"hello\"),(2, \"world\")]
347−-- @
348−
349−executeMany :: (ToRow q) => Connection -> Query -> [q] -> IO Int64
228+-- Throws 'FormatError' if the query could not be formatted correctly.
229+executeMany :: (QueryParams q) => Connection -> Query -> [q] -> IO Int64
350230executeMany _ _ [] = return 0
351231executeMany conn q qs = do
352232 result <- exec conn =<< formatMany conn q qs
353233 finishExecute conn q result
354234
355−-- | Execute @INSERT ... RETURNING@, @UPDATE ... RETURNING@, or other SQL
356−-- query that accepts multi-row input and is expected to return results.
357−-- Note that it is possible to write
358−-- @'query' conn "INSERT ... RETURNING ..." ...@
359−-- in cases where you are only inserting a single row, and do not need
360−-- functionality analogous to 'executeMany'.
361−--
362−-- If the list of parameters is empty, this function will simply return @[]@
363−-- without issuing the query to the backend. If this is not desired,
364−-- consider using the 'Values' constructor instead.
365−--
366−-- Throws 'FormatError' if the query could not be formatted correctly.
367−returning :: (ToRow q, FromRow r) => Connection -> Query -> [q] -> IO [r]
368−returning = returningWith fromRow
235+finishExecute :: Connection -> Query -> PQ.Result -> IO Int64
236+finishExecute conn q result = do
237+ status <- PQ.resultStatus result
238+ case status of
239+ PQ.CommandOk -> do
240+ ncols <- PQ.nfields result
241+ if ncols /= 0
242+ then throwIO $ QueryError ("execute resulted in " ++ show ncols ++
243+ "-column result") q
244+ else do
245+ nstr <- PQ.cmdTuples result
246+ return $ case nstr of
247+ Nothing -> 0 -- is this appropriate?
248+ Just str -> toInteger str
249+ PQ.TuplesOk -> do
250+ ncols <- PQ.nfields result
251+ throwIO $ QueryError ("execute resulted in " ++ show ncols ++
252+ "-column result") q
253+ PQ.CopyIn -> fail "FIXME: postgresql-simple does not currently support COPY IN"
254+ PQ.CopyOut -> fail "FIXME: postgresql-simple does not currently support COPY OUT"
255+ _ -> do
256+ errormsg <- maybe "" id <$> PQ.resultErrorMessage result
257+ statusmsg <- PQ.resStatus status
258+ state <- maybe "" id <$> PQ.resultErrorField result PQ.DiagSqlstate
259+ throwIO $ SqlError { sqlState = state
260+ , sqlNativeError = fromEnum status
261+ , sqlErrorMsg = B.concat [ "execute: ", statusmsg
262+ , ": ", errormsg ]}
263+ where
264+ toInteger str = B.foldl' delta 0 str
265+ where
266+ delta acc c =
267+ if '0' <= c && c <= '9'
268+ then 10 * acc + fromIntegral (ord c - ord '0')
269+ else error ("finishExecute: not an int: " ++ B.unpack str)
270+
369271
370−-- | A version of 'returning' taking parser as argument
371−returningWith :: (ToRow q) => RowParser r -> Connection -> Query -> [q] -> IO [r]
372−returningWith _ _ _ [] = return []
373−returningWith parser conn q qs = do
374− result <- exec conn =<< formatMany conn q qs
375− finishQueryWith parser conn q result
376272
377273-- | Perform a @SELECT@ or other SQL query that is expected to return
378274-- results. All results are retrieved and converted before this
@@ -389,44 +285,33 @@ returningWith parser conn q qs = do
389285-- using 'execute' instead of 'query').
390286--
391287-- * 'ResultError': result conversion failed.
392−--
393−-- * 'SqlError': the postgresql backend returned an error, e.g.
394−-- a syntax or type error, or an incorrect table or column name.
395−query :: (ToRow q, FromRow r) => Connection -> Query -> q -> IO [r]
396−query = queryWith fromRow
397−
398−-- | A version of 'query' that does not perform query substitution.
399−query_ :: (FromRow r) => Connection -> Query -> IO [r]
400−query_ = queryWith_ fromRow
401−
402−-- | A version of 'query' taking parser as argument
403−queryWith :: ToRow q => RowParser r -> Connection -> Query -> q -> IO [r]
404−queryWith parser conn template qs = do
288+query :: (QueryParams q, QueryResults r)
289+ => Connection -> Query -> q -> IO [r]
290+query conn template qs = do
405291 result <- exec conn =<< formatQuery conn template qs
406− finishQueryWith parser conn template result
292+ finishQuery conn template result
407293
408−-- | A version of 'query_' taking parser as argument
409−queryWith_ :: RowParser r -> Connection -> Query -> IO [r]
410−queryWith_ parser conn q@(Query que) = do
294+-- | A version of 'query' that does not perform query substitution.
295+query_ :: (QueryResults r) => Connection -> Query -> IO [r]
296+query_ conn q@(Query que) = do
411297 result <- exec conn que
412− finishQueryWith parser conn q result
413−
298+ finishQuery conn q result
299+{--
414300-- | Perform a @SELECT@ or other SQL query that is expected to return
415301-- results. Results are streamed incrementally from the server, and
416302-- consumed via a left fold.
417303--
304+-- The result consumer must be carefully written to execute
305+-- quickly. If the consumer is slow, server resources will be tied up,
306+-- and other clients may not be able to update the tables from which
307+-- the results are being streamed.
308+--
418309-- When dealing with small results, it may be simpler (and perhaps
419310-- faster) to use 'query' instead.
420311--
421312-- This fold is /not/ strict. The stream consumer is responsible for
422313-- forcing the evaluation of its result to avoid space leaks.
423314--
424−-- This is implemented using a database cursor. As such, this requires
425−-- a transaction. This function will detect whether or not there is a
426−-- transaction in progress, and will create a 'ReadCommitted' 'ReadOnly'
427−-- transaction if needed. The cursor is given a unique temporary name,
428−-- so the consumer may itself call fold.
429−--
430315-- Exceptions that may be thrown:
431316--
432317-- * 'FormatError': the query string could not be formatted correctly.
@@ -435,202 +320,163 @@ queryWith_ parser conn q@(Query que) = do
435320-- using 'execute' instead of 'query').
436321--
437322-- * 'ResultError': result conversion failed.
438−--
439−-- * 'SqlError': the postgresql backend returned an error, e.g.
440−-- a syntax or type error, or an incorrect table or column name.
441−fold :: ( FromRow row, ToRow params )
442− => Connection
443− -> Query
444− -> params
445− -> a
446− -> (a -> row -> IO a)
447− -> IO a
448−fold = foldWithOptions defaultFoldOptions
449−
450−-- | A version of 'fold' taking a parser as an argument
451−foldWith :: ( ToRow params )
452− => RowParser row
453− -> Connection
454− -> Query
455− -> params
456− -> a
457− -> (a -> row -> IO a)
458− -> IO a
459−foldWith = foldWithOptionsAndParser defaultFoldOptions
460−
461−-- | Number of rows to fetch at a time. 'Automatic' currently defaults
462−-- to 256 rows, although it might be nice to make this more intelligent
463−-- based on e.g. the average size of the rows.
464−data FetchQuantity
465− = Automatic
466− | Fixed !Int
467−
468−data FoldOptions
469− = FoldOptions {
470− fetchQuantity :: !FetchQuantity,
471− transactionMode :: !TransactionMode
472− }
473−
474−-- | defaults to 'Automatic', and 'TransactionMode' 'ReadCommitted' 'ReadOnly'
475−defaultFoldOptions :: FoldOptions
476−defaultFoldOptions = FoldOptions {
477− fetchQuantity = Automatic,
478− transactionMode = TransactionMode ReadCommitted ReadOnly
479− }
480−
481−-- | The same as 'fold', but this provides a bit more control over
482−-- lower-level details. Currently, the number of rows fetched per
483−-- round-trip to the server and the transaction mode may be adjusted
484−-- accordingly. If the connection is already in a transaction,
485−-- then the existing transaction is used and thus the 'transactionMode'
486−-- option is ignored.
487−foldWithOptions :: ( FromRow row, ToRow params )
488− => FoldOptions
489− -> Connection
490− -> Query
491− -> params
492− -> a
493− -> (a -> row -> IO a)
494− -> IO a
495−foldWithOptions opts = foldWithOptionsAndParser opts fromRow
496−
497−-- | A version of 'foldWithOptions' taking a parser as an argument
498−foldWithOptionsAndParser :: (ToRow params)
499− => FoldOptions
500− -> RowParser row
501− -> Connection
502− -> Query
503− -> params
504− -> a
505− -> (a -> row -> IO a)
506− -> IO a
507−foldWithOptionsAndParser opts parser conn template qs a f = do
508− q <- formatQuery conn template qs
509− doFold opts parser conn template (Query q) a f
510−
323+fold :: (QueryParams q, QueryResults r) =>
324+ Connection
325+ -> Query -- ^ Query template.
326+ -> q -- ^ Query parameters.
327+ -> a -- ^ Initial state for result consumer.
328+ -> (a -> r -> IO a) -- ^ Result consumer.
329+ -> IO a
330+fold conn template qs z f = do
331+ Base.query conn =<< formatQuery conn template qs
332+ finishFold conn template z f
333+--}
334+{--
511335-- | A version of 'fold' that does not perform query substitution.
512−fold_ :: (FromRow r) =>
336+fold_ :: (QueryResults r) =>
513337 Connection
514338 -> Query -- ^ Query.
515339 -> a -- ^ Initial state for result consumer.
516340 -> (a -> r -> IO a) -- ^ Result consumer.
517341 -> IO a
518−fold_ = foldWithOptions_ defaultFoldOptions
519−
520−-- | A version of 'fold_' taking a parser as an argument
521−foldWith_ :: RowParser r
522− -> Connection
523− -> Query
524− -> a
525− -> (a -> r -> IO a)
526− -> IO a
527−foldWith_ = foldWithOptionsAndParser_ defaultFoldOptions
528−
529−foldWithOptions_ :: (FromRow r) =>
530− FoldOptions
531− -> Connection
532− -> Query -- ^ Query.
533− -> a -- ^ Initial state for result consumer.
534− -> (a -> r -> IO a) -- ^ Result consumer.
535− -> IO a
536−foldWithOptions_ opts conn query' a f = doFold opts fromRow conn query' query' a f
537−
538−-- | A version of 'foldWithOptions_' taking a parser as an argument
539−foldWithOptionsAndParser_ :: FoldOptions
540− -> RowParser r
541− -> Connection
542− -> Query -- ^ Query.
543− -> a -- ^ Initial state for result consumer.
544− -> (a -> r -> IO a) -- ^ Result consumer.
545− -> IO a
546−foldWithOptionsAndParser_ opts parser conn query' a f = doFold opts parser conn query' query' a f
547−
548−doFold :: FoldOptions
549− -> RowParser row
550− -> Connection
551− -> Query
552− -> Query
553− -> a
554− -> (a -> row -> IO a)
555− -> IO a
556−doFold FoldOptions{..} parser conn _template q a0 f = do
557− stat <- withConnection conn PQ.transactionStatus
558− case stat of
559− PQ.TransIdle -> withTransactionMode transactionMode conn go
560− PQ.TransInTrans -> go
561− PQ.TransActive -> fail "foldWithOpts FIXME: PQ.TransActive"
562− -- This _shouldn't_ occur in the current incarnation of
563− -- the library, as we aren't using libpq asynchronously.
564− -- However, it could occur in future incarnations of
565− -- this library or if client code uses the Internal module
566− -- to use raw libpq commands on postgresql-simple connections.
567− PQ.TransInError -> fail "foldWithOpts FIXME: PQ.TransInError"
568− -- This should be turned into a better error message.
569− -- It is probably a bad idea to automatically roll
570− -- back the transaction and start another.
571− PQ.TransUnknown -> fail "foldWithOpts FIXME: PQ.TransUnknown"
572− -- Not sure what this means.
573− where
574− declare =
575− declareCursor conn q
576− fetch cursor a =
577− foldForwardWithParser cursor parser chunkSize f a
578−
579− go = bracket declare closeCursor $ \cursor ->
580− let loop a = fetch cursor a >>=
581− \r -> case r of
582− Left x -> return x
583− Right x -> loop x
584− in loop a0
585−
586−-- FIXME: choose the Automatic chunkSize more intelligently
587−-- One possibility is to use the type of the results, although this
588−-- still isn't a perfect solution, given that common types (e.g. text)
589−-- are of highly variable size.
590−-- A refinement of this technique is to pick this number adaptively
591−-- as results are read in from the database.
592− chunkSize = case fetchQuantity of
593− Automatic -> 256
594− Fixed n -> n
595−
342+fold_ conn q@(Query que) z f = do
343+ Base.query conn que
344+ finishFold conn q z f
345+--}
346+{--
596347-- | A version of 'fold' that does not transform a state value.
597−forEach :: (ToRow q, FromRow r) =>
348+forEach :: (QueryParams q, QueryResults r) =>
598349 Connection
599350 -> Query -- ^ Query template.
600351 -> q -- ^ Query parameters.
601352 -> (r -> IO ()) -- ^ Result consumer.
602353 -> IO ()
603−forEach = forEachWith fromRow
354+forEach conn template qs = fold conn template qs () . const
604355{-# INLINE forEach #-}
605356
606−-- | A version of 'forEach' taking a parser as an argument
607−forEachWith :: ( ToRow q )
608− => RowParser r
609− -> Connection
610− -> Query
611− -> q
612− -> (r -> IO ())
613− -> IO ()
614−forEachWith parser conn template qs = foldWith parser conn template qs () . const
615−{-# INLINE forEachWith #-}
616−
617357-- | A version of 'forEach' that does not perform query substitution.
618−forEach_ :: (FromRow r) =>
358+forEach_ :: (QueryResults r) =>
619359 Connection
620360 -> Query -- ^ Query template.
621361 -> (r -> IO ()) -- ^ Result consumer.
622362 -> IO ()
623−forEach_ = forEachWith_ fromRow
363+forEach_ conn template = fold_ conn template () . const
624364{-# INLINE forEach_ #-}
365+--}
625366
626−forEachWith_ :: RowParser r
627− -> Connection
628− -> Query
629− -> (r -> IO ())
630− -> IO ()
631−forEachWith_ parser conn template = foldWith_ parser conn template () . const
632−{-# INLINE forEachWith_ #-}
633−
367+forM' :: (Ord n, Num n) => n -> n -> (n -> IO a) -> IO [a]
368+forM' lo hi m = loop hi []
369+ where
370+ loop !n !as
371+ | n < lo = return as
372+ | otherwise = do
373+ a <- m n
374+ loop (n-1) (a:as)
375+
376+finishQuery :: (QueryResults r) => Connection -> Query -> PQ.Result -> IO [r]
377+finishQuery conn q result = do
378+ status <- PQ.resultStatus result
379+ case status of
380+ PQ.CommandOk -> do
381+ throwIO $ QueryError "query resulted in a command response" q
382+ PQ.TuplesOk -> do
383+ ncols <- PQ.nfields result
384+ fields <- forM' 0 (ncols-1) $ \column -> do
385+ type_oid <- PQ.ftype result column
386+ typename <- getTypename conn type_oid
387+ return Field{..}
388+ nrows <- PQ.ntuples result
389+ forM' 0 (nrows-1) $ \row -> do
390+ values <- forM' 0 (ncols-1) (\col -> PQ.getvalue result row col)
391+ case convertResults fields values of
392+ Left err -> throwIO err
393+ Right a -> return a
394+ PQ.CopyIn -> fail "FIXME: postgresql-simple does not currently support COPY IN"
395+ PQ.CopyOut -> fail "FIXME: postgresql-simple does not currently support COPY OUT"
396+ _ -> do
397+ errormsg <- maybe "" id <$> PQ.resultErrorMessage result
398+ statusmsg <- PQ.resStatus status
399+ state <- maybe "" id <$> PQ.resultErrorField result PQ.DiagSqlstate
400+ throwIO $ SqlError { sqlState = state
401+ , sqlNativeError = fromEnum status
402+ , sqlErrorMsg = B.concat [ "query: ", statusmsg
403+ , ": ", errormsg ]}
404+
405+{--
406+withResult (Base.storeResult conn) q $ \r fs -> do
407+ status <-
408+/ flip fix [] $ \loop acc -> do
409+ row <- Base.fetchRow r
410+ case row of
411+ [] -> return (reverse acc)
412+ _ -> let !c = convertResults fs row
413+ in loop (c:acc)
414+--}
415+{--
416+finishFold :: (QueryResults r) =>
417+ Connection -> Query -> a -> (a -> r -> IO a) -> IO a
418+finishFold conn q z0 f = withResult (Base.useResult conn) q $ \r fs ->
419+ flip fix z0 $ \loop z -> do
420+ row <- Base.fetchRow r
421+ case row of
422+ [] -> return z
423+ _ -> (f z $! convertResults fs row) >>= loop
424+--}
425+{--
426+withResult :: (IO Result) -> Query -> (Result -> [Field] -> IO a) -> IO a
427+withResult fetchResult q act = bracket fetchResult Base.freeResult $ \r -> do
428+ ncols <- Base.fieldCount (Right r)
429+ if ncols == 0
430+ then throwIO $ QueryError "query resulted in zero-column result" q
431+ else act r =<< Base.fetchFields r
432+--}
433+-- | Execute an action inside a SQL transaction.
434+--
435+-- This function initiates a transaction with a \"@begin
436+-- transaction@\" statement, then executes the supplied action. If
437+-- the action succeeds, the transaction will be completed with
438+-- 'Base.commit' before this function returns.
439+--
440+-- If the action throws /any/ kind of exception (not just a
441+-- PostgreSQL-related exception), the transaction will be rolled back using
442+-- 'rollback', then the exception will be rethrown.
443+withTransaction :: Connection -> IO a -> IO a
444+withTransaction conn act = do
445+ _ <- begin conn
446+ r <- act `onException` rollback conn
447+ commit conn
448+ return r
449+
450+-- | Rollback a transaction.
451+-- rollback :: (MonadCatchIO m,MonadIO m) => Connection -> m ()
452+rollback :: Connection -> IO ()
453+rollback conn = do
454+ _ <- execute_ conn "ABORT"
455+ return ()
456+
457+-- | Commit a transaction.
458+-- commit :: (MonadCatchIO m,MonadIO m) => Connection -> m ()
459+commit :: Connection -> IO ()
460+commit conn = do
461+ _ <- execute_ conn "COMMIT"
462+ return ()
463+
464+-- | Begin a transaction.
465+-- begin :: (MonadCatchIO m,MonadIO m) => Connection -> m ()
466+begin :: Connection -> IO ()
467+begin conn = do
468+ _ <- execute_ conn "BEGIN"
469+ return ()
470+
471+fmtError :: String -> Query -> [Action] -> a
472+fmtError msg q xs = throw FormatError {
473+ fmtMessage = msg
474+ , fmtQuery = q
475+ , fmtParams = map twiddle xs
476+ }
477+ where twiddle (Plain b) = toByteString b
478+ twiddle (Escape s) = s
479+ twiddle (Many ys) = B.concat (map twiddle ys)
634480
635481-- $use
636482--
@@ -658,11 +504,9 @@ forEachWith_ parser conn template = foldWith_ parser conn template () . const
658504-- >
659505-- > import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple
660506-- >
661−-- > hello :: IO Int
662507-- > hello = do
663−-- > conn <- connectPostgreSQL ""
664−-- > [Only i] <- query_ conn "select 2 + 2"
665−-- > return i
508+-- > conn <- connect defaultConnectInfo
509+-- > query conn "select 2 + 2"
666510--
667511-- A 'Query' value does not represent the actual query that will be
668512-- executed, but is a template for constructing the final query.
@@ -709,7 +553,7 @@ forEachWith_ parser conn template = foldWith_ parser conn template () . const
709553-- Automated type inference means that you will often be able to avoid
710554-- supplying explicit type signatures for the elements of a tuple.
711555-- However, sometimes the compiler will not be able to infer your
712−-- types. Consider a case where you write a numeric literal in a
556+-- types. Consider a care where you write a numeric literal in a
713557-- parameter tuple:
714558--
715559-- > query conn "select ? + ?" (40,2)
@@ -723,30 +567,15 @@ forEachWith_ parser conn template = foldWith_ parser conn template () . const
723567-- The same kind of problem can arise with string literals if you have
724568-- the @OverloadedStrings@ language extension enabled. Again, just
725569-- use an explicit type signature if this happens.
726−--
727−-- Finally, remember that the compiler must be able to infer the type
728−-- of a query's /results/ as well as its parameters. We might like
729−-- the following example to work:
730−--
731−-- > print =<< query_ conn "select 2 + 2"
732−--
733−-- Unfortunately, while a quick glance tells us that the result type
734−-- should be a single row containing a single numeric column, the
735−-- compiler has no way to infer what the types are. We can easily fix
736−-- this by providing an explicit type annotation:
737−--
738−-- > xs <- query_ conn "select 2 + 2"
739−-- > print (xs :: [Only Int])
740570
741571-- $only_param
742572--
743573-- Haskell lacks a single-element tuple type, so if you have just one
744−-- value you want substituted into a query or a single-column result,
745−-- what should you do?
574+-- value you want substituted into a query, what should you do?
746575--
747576-- The obvious approach would appear to be something like this:
748577--
749−-- > instance (ToField a) => ToRow a where
578+-- > instance (Param a) => QueryParam a where
750579-- > ...
751580--
752581-- Unfortunately, this wreaks havoc with type inference, so we take a
@@ -757,9 +586,6 @@ forEachWith_ parser conn template = foldWith_ parser conn template () . const
757586--
758587-- > execute conn "insert into users (first_name) values (?)"
759588-- > ["Nuala"]
760−--
761−-- A row of /n/ query results is represented using an /n/-tuple, so
762−-- you should use 'Only' to represent a single-column result.
763589
764590-- $in
765591--
@@ -777,7 +603,7 @@ forEachWith_ parser conn template = foldWith_ parser conn template () . const
777603-- Here's an example:
778604--
779605-- > query conn "select * from users where first_name in ?" $
780−-- > Only $ In ["Anna", "Boris", "Carla"]
606+-- > In ["Anna", "Boris", "Carla"]
781607--
782608-- If your 'In'-wrapped list is empty, the string @\"(null)\"@ will be
783609-- substituted instead, to ensure that your clause remains
@@ -805,7 +631,7 @@ forEachWith_ parser conn template = foldWith_ parser conn template () . const
805631-- * There must be no other \"@?@\" characters anywhere in your
806632-- template.
807633--
808−-- * There must be one or more \"@?@\" in the parentheses.
634+-- * There must one or more \"@?@\" in the parentheses.
809635--
810636-- * Extra white space is fine.
811637--
@@ -826,26 +652,10 @@ forEachWith_ parser conn template = foldWith_ parser conn template () . const
826652-- > insert into users (first_name,last_name) values
827653-- > ('Boris','Karloff'),('Ed','Wood')
828654
829−-- $returning
830−--
831−-- PostgreSQL supports returning values from data manipulation statements
832−-- such as @INSERT@ and @UPDATE@. You can use these statements by
833−-- using 'query' instead of 'execute'. For multi-tuple inserts,
834−-- use 'returning' instead of 'executeMany'.
835−--
836−-- For example, were there an auto-incrementing @id@ column and
837−-- timestamp column @t@ that defaulted to the present time for the
838−-- @sales@ table, then the following query would insert two new
839−-- sales records and also return their new @id@s and timestamps.
840−--
841−-- > let q = "insert into sales (amount, label) values (?,?) returning id, t"
842−-- > xs :: [(Int, UTCTime)] <- query conn q (15,"Sawdust")
843−-- > ys :: [(Int, UTCTime)] <- returning conn q [(20,"Chips"),(300,"Wood")]
844−
845655-- $result
846656--
847657-- The 'query' and 'query_' functions return a list of values in the
848−-- 'FromRow' typeclass. This class performs automatic extraction
658+-- 'QueryResults' typeclass. This class performs automatic extraction
849659-- and type conversion of rows from a query result.
850660--
851661-- Here is a simple example of how to extract results:
@@ -876,7 +686,7 @@ forEachWith_ parser conn template = foldWith_ parser conn template () . const
876686--
877687-- Although SQL can accommodate @NULL@ as a value for any of these
878688-- types, Haskell cannot. If your result contains columns that may be
879−-- @NULL@, be sure that you use 'Maybe' in those positions of your
689+-- @NULL@, be sure that you use 'Maybe' in those positions of of your
880690-- tuple.
881691--
882692-- > (Text, Maybe Int, Int)
@@ -902,7 +712,7 @@ forEachWith_ parser conn template = foldWith_ parser conn template () . const
902712-- all values of the given PostgreSQL type is considered \"compatible\".
903713-- For instance, you can always extract a PostgreSQL 16-bit @SMALLINT@
904714-- column to a Haskell 'Int'. The Haskell 'Float' type can accurately
905−-- represent a @SMALLINT@, so it is considered compatible with those types.
715+-- represent a @SMALLINT@, so it is considered compatble with those types.
906716--
907717-- * A numeric compatibility check is based only on the type of a
908718-- column, /not/ on its values. For instance, a PostgreSQL 64-bit
@@ -916,3 +726,25 @@ forEachWith_ parser conn template = foldWith_ parser conn template () . const
916726-- UTF-8. If you use some other encoding, decoding may fail or give
917727-- wrong results. In such cases, write a @newtype@ wrapper and a
918728-- custom 'Result' instance to handle your encoding.
729+
730+getTypename :: Connection -> PQ.Oid -> IO ByteString
731+getTypename conn@Connection{..} oid =
732+ case oid2builtin oid of
733+ Just builtin -> return $! builtin2typname builtin
734+ Nothing -> modifyMVar connectionObjects $ \oidmap -> do
735+ case IntMap.lookup (oid2int oid) oidmap of
736+ Just name -> return (oidmap, name)
737+ Nothing -> do
738+ names <- query conn "SELECT typname FROM pg_type WHERE oid=?"
739+ (Only oid)
740+ name <- case names of
741+ [] -> return $ throw SqlError {
742+ sqlNativeError = -1,
743+ sqlErrorMsg = "invalid type oid",
744+ sqlState = ""
745+ }
746+ [Only x] -> return x
747+ _ -> fail "typename query returned more than one result"
748+ -- oid is a primary key, so the query should
749+ -- never return more than one result
750+ return (IntMap.insert (oid2int oid) name oidmap, name)