diff --git a/kinode/src/eth/mod.rs b/kinode/src/eth/mod.rs
index 0379dcf4..82ebed42 100644
--- a/kinode/src/eth/mod.rs
+++ b/kinode/src/eth/mod.rs
@@ -1126,7 +1126,7 @@ async fn check_for_root_cap(
     caps_oracle
         .send(CapMessage::Has {
             on: process.clone(),
-            cap: Capability::new((our, &ETH_PROCESS_ID.clone()), "{\"root\":true}").unwrap(),
+            cap: Capability::new((our, ETH_PROCESS_ID.clone()), "{\"root\":true}").unwrap(),
             responder: send_cap_bool,
         })
         .await
diff --git a/kinode/src/fd_manager.rs b/kinode/src/fd_manager.rs
index 16f9ea04..b6130988 100644
--- a/kinode/src/fd_manager.rs
+++ b/kinode/src/fd_manager.rs
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ async fn send_all_fds_limits(our_node: &str, send_to_loop: &MessageSender, state
     for (process_id, limit) in &state.fds_limits {
         KernelMessage::builder()
             .id(rand::random())
-            .source((our_node, &FD_MANAGER_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
+            .source((our_node, FD_MANAGER_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
             .unwrap()
             .target((our_node, process_id))
             .unwrap()
@@ -386,7 +386,6 @@ async fn send_to_fd_manager(our: &Address, message: Message, send_to_loop: &Mess
         .source(our.clone())
         .unwrap()
         .target((our.node.clone(), FD_MANAGER_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
-        //.target((our.node.clone(), &FD_MANAGER_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
         .unwrap()
         .message(message)
         .build()
diff --git a/kinode/src/http/server.rs b/kinode/src/http/server.rs
index 42174307..2bef4775 100644
--- a/kinode/src/http/server.rs
+++ b/kinode/src/http/server.rs
@@ -931,7 +931,7 @@ async fn maintain_websocket(
 
     KernelMessage::builder()
         .id(rand::random())
-        .source((&*our, &HTTP_SERVER_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
+        .source((&*our, HTTP_SERVER_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
         .unwrap()
         .target((&*our, &app))
         .unwrap()
@@ -1017,7 +1017,7 @@ async fn websocket_close(
     ws_senders.remove(&channel_id);
     KernelMessage::builder()
         .id(rand::random())
-        .source(("our", &HTTP_SERVER_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
+        .source(("our", HTTP_SERVER_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
         .unwrap()
         .target(("our", &process))
         .unwrap()
@@ -1384,7 +1384,7 @@ pub async fn send_action_response(
 ) {
     KernelMessage::builder()
         .id(id)
-        .source(("our", &HTTP_SERVER_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
+        .source(("our", HTTP_SERVER_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
         .unwrap()
         .target(target)
         .unwrap()
diff --git a/kinode/src/kernel/mod.rs b/kinode/src/kernel/mod.rs
index eb8fd2b9..5dc1f0f2 100644
--- a/kinode/src/kernel/mod.rs
+++ b/kinode/src/kernel/mod.rs
@@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ enum ProcessSender {
 async fn persist_state(send_to_loop: &t::MessageSender, process_map: &t::ProcessMap) {
     t::KernelMessage::builder()
         .id(rand::random())
-        .source(("our", &KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
+        .source(("our", KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
         .unwrap()
-        .target(("our", &STATE_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
+        .target(("our", STATE_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
         .unwrap()
         .message(t::Message::Request(t::Request {
             inherit: false,
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ async fn handle_kernel_request(
                 sender
                     .send(Ok(t::KernelMessage::builder()
                         .id(km.id)
-                        .source((our_name, &KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
+                        .source((our_name, KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
                         .unwrap()
                         .target((our_name, process_id))
                         .unwrap()
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ async fn handle_kernel_request(
                 // fire an error back
                 t::KernelMessage::builder()
                     .id(km.id)
-                    .source((our_name, &KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
+                    .source((our_name, KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
                     .unwrap()
                     .target(km.rsvp.unwrap_or(km.source))
                     .unwrap()
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ async fn handle_kernel_request(
             };
             t::KernelMessage::builder()
                 .id(km.id)
-                .source(("our", &KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
+                .source(("our", KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
                 .unwrap()
                 .target(km.rsvp.unwrap_or(km.source))
                 .unwrap()
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ async fn handle_kernel_request(
                     if let Ok(()) = process_sender
                         .send(Ok(t::KernelMessage::builder()
                             .id(rand::random())
-                            .source((our_name, &KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
+                            .source((our_name, KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
                             .unwrap()
                             .target((our_name, &process_id))
                             .unwrap()
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ async fn handle_kernel_request(
                 };
             t::KernelMessage::builder()
                 .id(km.id)
-                .source(("our", &KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
+                .source(("our", KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
                 .unwrap()
                 .target(km.rsvp.unwrap_or(km.source))
                 .unwrap()
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ async fn handle_kernel_request(
                 .await;
             t::KernelMessage::builder()
                 .id(km.id)
-                .source(("our", &KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
+                .source(("our", KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
                 .unwrap()
                 .target(km.rsvp.unwrap_or(km.source))
                 .unwrap()
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ async fn handle_kernel_request(
             };
             t::KernelMessage::builder()
                 .id(km.id)
-                .source(("our", &KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
+                .source(("our", KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
                 .unwrap()
                 .target(km.rsvp.unwrap_or(km.source))
                 .unwrap()
@@ -689,8 +689,8 @@ pub async fn kernel(
     // to turn it on
     t::KernelMessage::builder()
         .id(rand::random())
-        .source((&our.name, &KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
-        .target((&our.name, &KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
+        .source((&our.name, KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
+        .target((&our.name, KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
         .message(t::Message::Request(t::Request {
             inherit: true,
             expects_response: None,
@@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ pub async fn kernel(
     // sending hard coded pki entries into networking for bootstrapped rpc
     t::KernelMessage::builder()
         .id(rand::random())
-        .source((&our.name, &KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
+        .source((&our.name, KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
         .target((our.name.as_str(), "net", "distro", "sys"))?
         .message(t::Message::Request(t::Request {
             inherit: false,
@@ -791,7 +791,7 @@ pub async fn kernel(
                         continue;
                     };
                     if !proc.capabilities.contains_key(
-                        &t::Capability::new((&our.name, &KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()), "\"network\"")?
+                        &t::Capability::new((&our.name, KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()), "\"network\"")?
                     ) {
                         // capabilities are not correct! skip this message.
                         t::Printout::new(
@@ -832,7 +832,7 @@ pub async fn kernel(
                         continue;
                     };
                     if !persisted.capabilities.contains_key(
-                        &t::Capability::new((&our.name, &KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()), "\"network\"")?
+                        &t::Capability::new((&our.name, KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()), "\"network\"")?
                     ) {
                         // capabilities are not correct! skip this message.
                         t::Printout::new(
@@ -868,7 +868,7 @@ pub async fn kernel(
                         };
                         if !persisted_target.public
                         && !persisted_source.capabilities.contains_key(
-                            &t::Capability::messaging((&our.name, &kernel_message.target.process.clone()))?
+                            &t::Capability::messaging((&our.name, &kernel_message.target.process))?
                         ) {
                             // capabilities are not correct! skip this message.
                             t::Printout::new(
diff --git a/kinode/src/kernel/process.rs b/kinode/src/kernel/process.rs
index 24954f9f..15af065b 100644
--- a/kinode/src/kernel/process.rs
+++ b/kinode/src/kernel/process.rs
@@ -370,8 +370,8 @@ pub async fn make_process_loop(
         t::OnExit::None => {
             t::KernelMessage::builder()
                 .id(rand::random())
-                .source((&our.node, &KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
-                .target((&our.node, &KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
+                .source((&our.node, KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
+                .target((&our.node, KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
                 .message(t::Message::Request(t::Request {
                     inherit: false,
                     expects_response: None,
@@ -409,8 +409,8 @@ pub async fn make_process_loop(
             // kill, **without** revoking capabilities from others!
             t::KernelMessage::builder()
                 .id(rand::random())
-                .source((&our.node, &KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
-                .target((&our.node, &KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
+                .source((&our.node, KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
+                .target((&our.node, KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
                 .message(t::Message::Request(t::Request {
                     inherit: false,
                     expects_response: None,
@@ -428,8 +428,8 @@ pub async fn make_process_loop(
             // then re-initialize with same capabilities
             t::KernelMessage::builder()
                 .id(rand::random())
-                .source((&our.node, &KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
-                .target((&our.node, &KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
+                .source((&our.node, KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
+                .target((&our.node, KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
                 .message(t::Message::Request(t::Request {
                     inherit: false,
                     expects_response: None,
@@ -456,8 +456,8 @@ pub async fn make_process_loop(
             // then run
             t::KernelMessage::builder()
                 .id(rand::random())
-                .source((&our.node, &KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
-                .target((&our.node, &KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
+                .source((&our.node, KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
+                .target((&our.node, KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
                 .message(t::Message::Request(t::Request {
                     inherit: false,
                     expects_response: None,
@@ -491,8 +491,8 @@ pub async fn make_process_loop(
             }
             t::KernelMessage::builder()
                 .id(rand::random())
-                .source((&our.node, &KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
-                .target((&our.node, &KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
+                .source((&our.node, KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
+                .target((&our.node, KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
                 .message(t::Message::Request(t::Request {
                     inherit: false,
                     expects_response: None,
diff --git a/kinode/src/main.rs b/kinode/src/main.rs
index c9e17a94..4afa4b56 100644
--- a/kinode/src/main.rs
+++ b/kinode/src/main.rs
@@ -482,9 +482,9 @@ async fn main() {
                 Ok(()) => {
                     KernelMessage::builder()
                         .id(rand::random())
-                        .source((our.name.as_str(), &KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
+                        .source((our.name.as_str(), KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
                         .unwrap()
-                        .target((our.name.as_str(), &KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
+                        .target((our.name.as_str(), KERNEL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
                         .unwrap()
                         .message(Message::Request(Request {
                             inherit: false,
diff --git a/kinode/src/state.rs b/kinode/src/state.rs
index 01da3be9..5320ce50 100644
--- a/kinode/src/state.rs
+++ b/kinode/src/state.rs
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ pub async fn state_sender(
                 {
                     KernelMessage::builder()
                         .id(km_id)
-                        .source((our_node.as_str(), &STATE_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
+                        .source((our_node.as_str(), STATE_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
                         .unwrap()
                         .target(km_rsvp)
                         .unwrap()
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ async fn handle_request(
     if let Some(target) = rsvp.or_else(|| expects_response.map(|_| source)) {
         KernelMessage::builder()
             .id(id)
-            .source((our_node, &STATE_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
+            .source((our_node, STATE_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
             .unwrap()
             .target(target)
             .unwrap()
diff --git a/kinode/src/terminal/mod.rs b/kinode/src/terminal/mod.rs
index 9cc7401f..32bd55e4 100644
--- a/kinode/src/terminal/mod.rs
+++ b/kinode/src/terminal/mod.rs
@@ -837,8 +837,8 @@ async fn handle_key_event(
                     command_history.add(command.to_string());
                     KernelMessage::builder()
                         .id(rand::random())
-                        .source((our.name.as_str(), &TERMINAL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
-                        .target((our.name.as_str(), &TERMINAL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
+                        .source((our.name.as_str(), TERMINAL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
+                        .target((our.name.as_str(), TERMINAL_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
                         .message(Message::Request(Request {
                             inherit: false,
                             expects_response: None,
diff --git a/kinode/src/timer.rs b/kinode/src/timer.rs
index cf52afbf..0bc05cc4 100644
--- a/kinode/src/timer.rs
+++ b/kinode/src/timer.rs
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ pub async fn timer_service(
                         if timer_millis == 0 {
                             KernelMessage::builder()
                                 .id(km.id)
-                                .source((our.as_str(), &TIMER_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
+                                .source((our.as_str(), TIMER_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
                                 .target(km.rsvp.unwrap_or(km.source))?
                                 .message(Message::Response((
                                     Response {
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ pub async fn timer_service(
                 for (id, addr) in timers {
                     KernelMessage::builder()
                         .id(id)
-                        .source((our.as_str(), &TIMER_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
+                        .source((our.as_str(), TIMER_PROCESS_ID.clone()))?
                         .target(addr)?
                         .message(Message::Response((
                             Response {
diff --git a/kinode/src/vfs.rs b/kinode/src/vfs.rs
index 3d6e1261..c12faf8c 100644
--- a/kinode/src/vfs.rs
+++ b/kinode/src/vfs.rs
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ pub async fn vfs(
     let vfs_path = Arc::new(fs::canonicalize(&vfs_path).await?);
 
     let mut files = Files::new(
-        Address::try_new(our_node.as_str(), &VFS_PROCESS_ID.clone())?,
+        Address::try_new(our_node.as_str(), VFS_PROCESS_ID.clone())?,
         send_to_loop,
     );
 
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ pub async fn vfs(
                 {
                     KernelMessage::builder()
                         .id(km_id)
-                        .source((our_node.as_str(), &VFS_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
+                        .source((our_node.as_str(), VFS_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
                         .unwrap()
                         .target(km_rsvp)
                         .unwrap()
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ async fn handle_request(
 
             KernelMessage::builder()
                 .id(km.id)
-                .source((our_node, &VFS_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
+                .source((our_node, VFS_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
                 .unwrap()
                 .target(km.source)
                 .unwrap()
@@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ async fn handle_request(
     if let Some(target) = km.rsvp.or_else(|| expects_response.map(|_| km.source)) {
         KernelMessage::builder()
             .id(km.id)
-            .source((our_node, &VFS_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
+            .source((our_node, VFS_PROCESS_ID.clone()))
             .unwrap()
             .target(target)
             .unwrap()
@@ -925,7 +925,7 @@ async fn read_capability(
 ) -> bool {
     let (send_cap_bool, recv_cap_bool) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
     let cap = Capability::new(
-        (our_node, &VFS_PROCESS_ID.clone()),
+        (our_node, VFS_PROCESS_ID.clone()),
         if root {
             "{\"root\":true}".to_string()
         } else {
@@ -954,7 +954,7 @@ async fn add_capability(
     send_to_caps_oracle: &CapMessageSender,
 ) -> Result<(), VfsError> {
     let cap = Capability::new(
-        (our_node, &VFS_PROCESS_ID.clone()),
+        (our_node, VFS_PROCESS_ID.clone()),
         format!("{{\"kind\": \"{kind}\", \"drive\": \"{drive}\"}}"),
     )
     .unwrap();