2245d1c · urbit.org · git.iko.soy

reference/hoon-errors.md+22−22

compare with master

unifiedsplit

@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ a correct Hoon file. These values are always correct.

20Usually, the line and column tell you everything you need to

21know. But the worst-case scenario for a syntax error is that,

22somewhere above, you've confused Hoon's tall form by using the

23−wrong fanout for a rune. For example, `%+` ([**cenlus**](@/docs/hoon/hoon-expressions/rune/cen.md#cenlus),

23+wrong fanout for a rune. For example, `%+` ([**cenlus**](@/docs/reference/hoon-expressions/rune/cen.md#cenlus),

24−a function call whose sample is a cell) has three subhoons:

24+a function call whose sample is a cell) has three subreferences:

25

26−```hoon

26+```reference

27%+ foo

28 bar

29baz

@@ -31,17 +31,17 @@ baz

31

32But if you make a mistake and write

33

34−```hoon

34+```reference

35%+ foo

36bar

37```

38

39−the parser will eat the next hoon below and try to treat it as a

39+the parser will eat the next reference below and try to treat it as a

40part of the `%+`. This can cause a cascading error somewhere

41below, usually stopped by a `==` or `--`.

42

43When this happens, don't panic! Binary search actually works

44−quite well. Any hoon can be stubbed out as `!!`. Find the

44+quite well. Any reference can be stubbed out as `!!`. Find the

45prefix of your file that compiles, then work forward until

46the actual error appears.

47

@@ -53,12 +53,12 @@ Now your code parses but doesn't compile.

53

54Your first step should be to put a `!:` ("zapcol") rune at the

55top of the file. This is like calling the C compiler with `-g`;

56−it tells the Hoon compiler to generate tracing hoons.

56+it tells the Hoon compiler to generate tracing references.

57

58Bear in mind that `!:` breaks tail-call optimization. This is a

59bug, but a relatively low-priority bug. `!.` turns off `!:`.

60−Note that `!:` and `!.` are hoon-level, not file-level; you can

60+Note that `!:` and `!.` are reference-level, not file-level; you can

61−wrap any hoon in either.

61+wrap any reference in either.

62

63### Error trace

64

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ If you have `!:` on, you'll see an error trace, like

74nest-fail

75```

76

77−The bottom of this trace is the line and column of the hoon which

77+The bottom of this trace is the line and column of the reference which

78failed to compile, then the cause of the error (`nest-fail`).

79

80Hoon does not believe in inundating you with possibly irrelevant

@@ -100,13 +100,13 @@ means you tried to pound a square peg into a round hole.

100What was the peg and what was the hole? Hoon doesn't tell you by

101default, because moral fiber, and also because in too many cases

102trivial errors lead to large intimidating dumps. However, you

103−can use the `~!` rune ([**sigzap**](@/docs/hoon/hoon-expressions/rune/sig.md#sigzap)) to print the type of

103+can use the `~!` rune ([**sigzap**](@/docs/reference/hoon-expressions/rune/sig.md#sigzap)) to print the type of

104−any hoon in your stack trace.

104+any reference in your stack trace.

105

106For instance, you wrote `(foo bar)` and got a `nest-fail`. Change

107your code to be:

108

109−```hoon

109+```reference

110~! bar

111~! +6.foo

112(foo bar)

@@ -122,15 +122,15 @@ In other words, "undeclared variable."

122

123The most common subspecies of `find` error is `find.$`, meaning

124the empty name `$` was not found. This often happens when you

125−use a hoon that does not produce a gate/mold, as a gate/mold. For

125+use a reference that does not produce a gate/mold, as a gate/mold. For

126instance, `(foo bar)` will give `find.$` if `foo` is not actually a

127function.

128

129### `mint-vain` and `mint-lost`

130

131These are errors caused by type inference in pattern matching.

132−`mint-vain` means this hoon is never executed. `mint-lost` means

132+`mint-vain` means this reference is never executed. `mint-lost` means

133−there's a case in a `?-` ([**wuthep**](@/docs/hoon/hoon-expressions/rune/wut.md#wuthep)) that isn't handled.

133+there's a case in a `?-` ([**wuthep**](@/docs/reference/hoon-expressions/rune/wut.md#wuthep)) that isn't handled.

134

135## Runtime crashes

136

@@ -144,9 +144,9 @@ infinite loop will time out either too slowly or too fast). The

144stack trace will show what your code was doing when interrupted.

145

146The counterpart of `~!` for runtime crashes is `~|`

147−([**sigbar**](@/docs/hoon/hoon-expressions/rune/sig.md#sigbar)):

147+([**sigbar**](@/docs/reference/hoon-expressions/rune/sig.md#sigbar)):

148

149−```hoon

149+```reference

150~| foo

151(foo bar)

152```

@@ -160,19 +160,19 @@ The worst possibility, of course, is that your code runs but does

160the wrong thing. This is relatively unusual in a typed

161functional language, but it still happens.

162

163−`~&` ([**sigpam**](@/docs/hoon/hoon-expressions/rune/sig.md#sigpam)) is Hoon's debugging printf.

163+`~&` ([**sigpam**](@/docs/reference/hoon-expressions/rune/sig.md#sigpam)) is Hoon's debugging printf.

164This pretty-prints its argument:

165

166−```hoon

166+```reference

167~& foo

168(foo bar)

169```

170

171will always print `foo` every time it executes. A variant is

172−`~?` ([**sigwut**](@/docs/hoon/hoon-expressions/rune/sig.md#sigwut)), which prints only if a condition is

172+`~?` ([**sigwut**](@/docs/reference/hoon-expressions/rune/sig.md#sigwut)), which prints only if a condition is

173true:

174

175−```hoon

175+```reference

176~? =(37 (lent foo)) foo

177(foo bar)

178```

reference/hoon-expressions/rune/bar.md+68−68

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@

2title = "Cores | ('bar')"

3weight = 7

4template = "doc.html"

5−aliases = ["docs/reference/hoon-expressions/rune/bar/"]

5+aliases = ["docs/reference/reference-expressions/rune/bar/"]

6+++

7Core expressions produce cores. A core is a cell of `[battery payload]`.

8The `battery` is code, a battery of Nock formulas. The `payload` is the data

@@ -22,12 +22,12 @@ Produce a **door** (a core with a sample).

22

23Regular:

24

25−```hoon

25+```reference

26|_ a=spec

27−++ b=term c=hoon

27+++ b=term c=reference

28−++ d=term e=hoon

28+++ d=term e=reference

29 ...

30−++ f=term g=hoon

30+++ f=term g=reference

31--

32```

33

@@ -49,13 +49,13 @@ The context of the door is the subject of the `|_` expression.

49

50##### Expands to

51

52−```hoon

52+```reference

53=| a=spec

54|%

55−++ b=term c=hoon

55+++ b=term c=reference

56−++ d=term e=hoon

56+++ d=term e=reference

57 ...

58−++ f=term g=hoon

58+++ f=term g=reference

59--

60```

61

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ Calling a door is like calling a gate except the caller also needs

68to specify the arm to be computed. So, for example, if you have some door `door` which contains some arm `arm`, and you want to pass some argument (i.e., input value `arg`), you would call it with `~(arm door arg)`.

69

70Because gates are also doors, you can call them the same way. To call the gate `foo` as a door, instead of `(foo baz)` we would write `~($ foo baz)`. This

71−is an irregular form for `%~($ foo baz)`, [%~](/docs/hoon/hoon-expressions/rune/cen#sig).

71+is an irregular form for `%~($ foo baz)`, [%~](/docs/reference/hoon-expressions/rune/cen#sig).

72

73##### Examples

74

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ A trivial door:

87

88A more interesting door, from the kernel library:

89

90−```hoon

90+```reference

91++ ne

92 |_ tig=@

93 ++ d (add tig '0')

@@ -112,12 +112,12 @@ Produce a core, `[battery payload]`.

112

113Regular:

114

115−```hoon

115+```reference

116|%

117−++ a=term b=hoon

117+++ a=term b=reference

118−++ c=term d=hoon

118+++ c=term d=reference

119 ...

120−++ e=term f=hoon

120+++ e=term f=reference

121--

122```

123

@@ -172,14 +172,14 @@ Produce a gate with a custom sample.

172

173Regular:

174

175−```hoon

175+```reference

176−|: a=hoon b=hoon

176+|: a=reference b=hoon

177```

178

179AST:

180

181```

182−[%brcl p=hoon q=hoon]

182+[%brcl p=reference q=hoon]

183```

184

185##### Semantics

@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ AST:

188

189##### Expands to

190

191−```hoon

191+```reference

192=> ^~ a

193 |. b

194```

@@ -220,14 +220,14 @@ Produce a trap (a core with one arm `$`).

220

221Regular:

222

223−```hoon

223+```reference

224−|. a=hoon

224+|. a=reference

225```

226

227AST:

228

229```

230−[%brdt p=hoon]

230+[%brdt p=reference]

231```

232

233Semantics:

@@ -238,8 +238,8 @@ The payload of the core is the subject of the `|.` expression.

238

239##### Expands to

240

241−```hoon

241+```reference

242−|% ++ $ a=hoon

242+|% ++ $ a=reference

243--

244```

245

@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ A more interesting trap:

278Note that we can use `$()` to recurse back into the

279trap, since it's a core with an `$` arm.

280

281−> `$(...)` expands to `%=($ ...)` (["centis"](/docs/hoon/hoon-expressions/rune/cen#centis)).

281+> `$(...)` expands to `%=($ ...)` (["centis"](/docs/reference/hoon-expressions/rune/cen#centis)).

282

283### |- "barhep"

284

@@ -288,14 +288,14 @@ Produce a trap (a core with one arm `$`) and evaluate it.

288

289Regular:

290

291−```hoon

291+```reference

292−|- a=hoon

292+|- a=reference

293```

294

295AST:

296

297```

298−[%brhp p=hoon]

298+[%brhp p=reference]

299```

300

301##### Semantics

@@ -304,15 +304,15 @@ A `|-` expression produces a core with one arm named `$` and immediately evaluat

304

305##### Expands to

306

307−```hoon

307+```reference

308−=<($ |.(a=hoon))

308+=<($ |.(a=reference))

309```

310

311##### Discussion

312

313The `|-` rune can be thought of as a 'recursion point' or a 'loop starting point'. Since `|-` makes a `|.` (["bardot"](#bardot), a core with one arm named `$`, we can recurse back into it with `$()`.

314

315−> `$(...)` expands to `%=($ ...)` (["centis"](/docs/hoon/hoon-expressions/rune/cen#centis)).

315+> `$(...)` expands to `%=($ ...)` (["centis"](/docs/reference/hoon-expressions/rune/cen#centis)).

316

317##### Examples

318

@@ -344,12 +344,12 @@ Produce a core whose battery includes a `$` arm and compute the latter.

344

345Regular:

346

347−```hoon

347+```reference

348−|^ a=hoon

348+|^ a=reference

349−++ b=term c=hoon

349+++ b=term c=reference

350−++ d=term e=hoon

350+++ d=term e=reference

351 ...

352−++ f=term g=hoon

352+++ f=term g=reference

353--

354```

355

@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ Note: The `++` rune may be replaced with any other rune in the `+` family.

358AST:

359

360```

361−[%brkt p=hoon q=(map term tome)]

361+[%brkt p=reference q=(map term tome)]

362```

363

364##### Semantics

@@ -367,13 +367,13 @@ A `|^` expression produces a multi-arm core whose battery includes a `$` arm, wh

367

368##### Expands to

369

370−```hoon

370+```reference

371=> |%

372− ++ $ a=hoon

372+ ++ $ a=reference

373− ++ b=term c=hoon

373+ ++ b=term c=reference

374− ++ d=term e=hoon

374+ ++ d=term e=reference

375 ...

376− ++ f=term g=hoon

376+ ++ f=term g=reference

377 --

378$

379```

@@ -403,14 +403,14 @@ Produce an iron gate.

403

404Regular:

405

406−```hoon

406+```reference

407−|~ a=spec b=hoon

407+|~ a=spec b=reference

408```

409

410AST:

411

412```

413−[%brsg p=spec q=hoon]

413+[%brsg p=spec q=reference]

414```

415

416##### Semantics

@@ -419,13 +419,13 @@ A `|~` expression produces an iron gate. `a` defines the sample, and `b` define

419

420##### Expands to

421

422−```hoon

422+```reference

423^| |=(a b)

424```

425

426##### Discussion

427

428−See [this discussion of core variance models](@/docs/hoon/hoon-expressions/advanced.md)

428+See [this discussion of core variance models](@/docs/reference/hoon-expressions/advanced.md)

429

430##### Examples

431

@@ -442,14 +442,14 @@ Produce a wet gate (one-armed core with sample).

442

443Regular:

444

445−```hoon

445+```reference

446−|* a=spec b=hoon

446+|* a=spec b=reference

447```

448

449AST:

450

451```

452−[%brtr p=spec q=hoon]

452+[%brtr p=spec q=reference]

453```

454

455##### Semantics

@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ A `|*` expression produces a wet gate. `a` defines the gate's sample, and `b` i

458

459##### Expands to

460

461−```hoon

461+```reference

462=| a

463|@

464++ $

@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ you know what you're doing.

479Just as with a [gate](#bartis), we can recurse back into a wet gate

480with `$()`.

481

482−> `$(...)` expands to `%=($ ...)` (["centis"](@/docs/hoon/hoon-expressions/rune/cen.md#centis)).

482+> `$(...)` expands to `%=($ ...)` (["centis"](@/docs/reference/hoon-expressions/rune/cen.md#centis)).

483

484##### Examples

485

@@ -508,14 +508,14 @@ Produce a gate (a one-armed core with a sample).

508

509Regular:

510

511−```hoon

511+```reference

512−|= a=spec b=hoon

512+|= a=spec b=reference

513```

514

515AST:

516

517```

518−[%brts p=spec q=hoon]

518+[%brts p=spec q=reference]

519```

520

521##### Definition

@@ -526,9 +526,9 @@ The product of a `|=` expression is a dry **gate**, i.e., a Hoon function.

526

527##### Expands to

528

529−```hoon

529+```reference

530=| a=spec

531−|% ++ $ b=hoon

531+|% ++ $ b=reference

532--

533```

534

@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ Dry gates are used for the vast majority of ordinary functions in Hoon.

538

539A gate is a core with one arm named `$`, so we can recurse back into it with `$()`.

540

541−> `$(...)` expands to `%=($ ...)` (["centis"](@/docs/hoon/hoon-expressions/rune/cen.md#centis)).

541+> `$(...)` expands to `%=($ ...)` (["centis"](@/docs/reference/hoon-expressions/rune/cen.md#centis)).

542

543##### Examples

544

@@ -568,12 +568,12 @@ Produce a 'wet' core `[battery payload]`.

568

569Regular:

570

571−```hoon

571+```reference

572|@

573−++ a=term b=hoon

573+++ a=term b=reference

574−++ c=term d=hoon

574+++ c=term d=reference

575 ...

576−++ e=term f=hoon

576+++ e=term f=reference

577--

578```

579

@@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ A `|@` expression produces a 'wet' core whose payload is the expression's subjec

591

592##### Discussion

593

594−The `|@` rune is just like the `|%` rune except that instead of producing a 'dry' core, it produces a 'wet' one. This allows for type polymorphism of its arms, using 'genericity'. See [Advanced types](@/docs/hoon/hoon-expressions/advanced.md).

594+The `|@` rune is just like the `|%` rune except that instead of producing a 'dry' core, it produces a 'wet' one. This allows for type polymorphism of its arms, using 'genericity'. See [Advanced types](@/docs/reference/hoon-expressions/advanced.md).

595

596### |? "barwut"

597

@@ -601,14 +601,14 @@ Produce a lead trap.

601

602Regular:

603

604−```hoon

604+```reference

605−|? a=hoon

605+|? a=reference

606```

607

608AST:

609

610```

611−[%brwt p=hoon]

611+[%brwt p=reference]

612```

613

614##### Semantics

@@ -617,13 +617,13 @@ A `|?` expression produces a lead trap (i.e., a lead core with one arm named `$`

617

618##### Expands to

619

620−```hoon

620+```reference

621^? |. a

622```

623

624##### Discussion

625

626−See this [discussion of the core variance model](@/docs/hoon/hoon-expressions/advanced.md).

626+See this [discussion of the core variance model](@/docs/reference/hoon-expressions/advanced.md).

627

628##### Examples

629

reference/hoon-expressions/rune/buc.md+9−9

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@

2title = "Structures $ ('buc')"

3weight = 12

4template = "doc.html"

5−aliases = ["docs/reference/hoon-expressions/rune/buc/"]

5+aliases = ["docs/reference/reference-expressions/rune/buc/"]

6+++

7The `$` family of runes is used for defining custom types. Strictly speaking,

8these runes are used to produce 'structures'. A structure is a compile-time

@@ -54,11 +54,11 @@ Irregular: `*` makes `%noun`, `^` makes `%cell`, `?` makes

54

55### $_ "buccab"

56

57−`[%bscb p=hoon]`: structure that normalizes to an example.

57+`[%bscb p=reference]`: structure that normalizes to an example.

58

59##### Expands to

60

61−```hoon

61+```reference

62|=(* p)

63```

64

@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ Irregular (structure mode): `[a b c]` is `$:(a b c)`.

159

160##### Expands to

161

162−```hoon

162+```reference

163$_ ^|

164|=(p $:q)

165```

@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ Regular: **2-fixed**.

217

218### $~ "bucsig"

219

220−`[%bssg p=hoon q=spec]`: define a custom type default value

220+`[%bssg p=reference q=spec]`: define a custom type default value

221

222## Product

223

@@ -231,15 +231,15 @@ The product of `p`.

231

232Regular: **2-fixed**.

233

234−```hoon

234+```reference

235−$~ p=hoon q=spec

235+$~ p=reference q=spec

236```

237

238`p` defines the default value, and `q` defines everything else about the structure.

239

240##### Discussion

241

242−You should make sure that the product type of `p` nests under `q`. You can check the default value of some structure (custom type) `r` with `*r`. (See the [`^*` rune](@/docs/hoon/hoon-expressions/rune/ket.md#kettar).)

242+You should make sure that the product type of `p` nests under `q`. You can check the default value of some structure (custom type) `r` with `*r`. (See the [`^*` rune](@/docs/reference/hoon-expressions/rune/ket.md#kettar).)

243

244Do not confuse the `$~` rune with the constant type for null, `$~`. (The latter uses older Hoon syntax that is still accepted. Preferably it would be `%~`.)

245

@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ Example:

321

322##### Expands to

323

324−```hoon

324+```reference

325|= *

326^=(p %-(q +6))

327```

reference/hoon-expressions/rune/cen.md+65−65

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@

2title = "Calls % ('cen')"

3weight = 10

4template = "doc.html"

5−aliases = ["docs/reference/hoon-expressions/rune/cen/"]

5+aliases = ["docs/reference/reference-expressions/rune/cen/"]

6+++

7The `%` family of runes is used for making 'function calls' in Hoon. To be more precise, these runes evaluate the `$` arm in cores, usually after modifying the sample. (The default sample is replaced with the input values given in the call.)

8

@@ -18,25 +18,25 @@ Resolve a wing with changes, preserving type.

18

19Regular, tall:

20

21−```hoon

21+```reference

22%_ a=wing

23− b=wing c=hoon

23+ b=wing c=reference

24− d=wing e=hoon

24+ d=wing e=reference

25 ...

26− f=wing g=hoon

26+ f=wing g=reference

27==

28```

29

30Regular, flat:

31

32−```hoon

32+```reference

33−%_(a=wing b=wing c=hoon, d=wing e=hoon, ...)

33+%_(a=wing b=wing c=reference, d=wing e=hoon, ...)

34```

35

36AST:

37

38```

39−[%cncb p=wing q=(list (pair wing hoon))]

39+[%cncb p=wing q=(list (pair wing reference))]

40```

41

42##### Semantics

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ A `%_` expression resolves to the value of the subject at wing `a`, but modified

45

46##### Expands to

47

48−```hoon

48+```reference

49^+(a %=(a b c, d e, ...))

50```

51

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ A `%_` expression resolves to the value of the subject at wing `a`, but modified

53

54`%_` is different from `%=` because `%=` can change the type of a wing with mutations. `%_` preserves the wing type.

55

56−See [how wings are resolved](@/docs/hoon/hoon-expressions/limb/_index.md).

56+See [how wings are resolved](@/docs/reference/hoon-expressions/limb/_index.md).

57

58##### Examples

59

@@ -81,19 +81,19 @@ Call a gate with many arguments.

81

82Regular:

83

84−```hoon

84+```reference

85−%: a=hoon

85+%: a=reference

86− b=hoon

86+ b=reference

87− c=hoon

87+ c=reference

88 ...

89− d=hoon

89+ d=reference

90==

91```

92

93AST:

94

95```

96−[%cncl p=hoon q=(list hoon)]

96+[%cncl p=reference q=(list hoon)]

97```

98

99##### Semantics

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ When `%:` is used in tall-form syntax, the series of expressions after `p` must

106

107##### Examples

108

109−```hoon

109+```reference

110> %: add 22 33 ==

11155

112

@@ -135,14 +135,14 @@ Call a gate (function), inverted.

135

136Regular:

137

138−```hoon

138+```reference

139−%. a=hoon b=hoon

139+%. a=reference b=hoon

140```

141

142AST:

143

144```

145−[%cndt p=hoon q=hoon]

145+[%cndt p=reference q=hoon]

146```

147

148##### Semantics

@@ -151,8 +151,8 @@ The `%.` rune is for evaluating the `$` arm of a gate, i.e., calling a function.

151

152##### Expands to

153

154−```hoon

154+```reference

155−%-(b=hoon a=hoon)

155+%-(b=reference a=hoon)

156```

157

158##### Discussion

@@ -176,20 +176,20 @@ Call a gate (function).

176

177Regular:

178

179−```hoon

179+```reference

180−%- a=hoon b=hoon

180+%- a=reference b=hoon

181```

182

183Irregular:

184

185−```hoon

185+```reference

186−(a=hoon b=hoon)

186+(a=reference b=hoon)

187```

188

189AST:

190

191```

192−[%cnhp p=hoon q=hoon]

192+[%cnhp p=reference q=hoon]

193```

194

195##### Semantics

@@ -198,14 +198,14 @@ This rune is for evaluating the `$` arm of a gate, i.e., calling a gate as a fun

198

199##### Expands to

200

201−```hoon

201+```reference

202%~($ a b)

203```

204

205##### Discussion

206

207−`%-` is used to call a function; `a` is the function ([`gate`](@/docs/hoon/hoon-expressions/rune/bar.md#bartis),

207+`%-` is used to call a function; `a` is the function ([`gate`](@/docs/reference/hoon-expressions/rune/bar.md#bartis),

208−`q` the argument. `%-` is a special case of [`%~` ("censig")](#censig), and a gate is a special case of a [door](@/docs/hoon/hoon-expressions/rune/bar.md#barcab).

208+`q` the argument. `%-` is a special case of [`%~` ("censig")](#censig), and a gate is a special case of a [door](@/docs/reference/hoon-expressions/rune/bar.md#barcab).

209

210##### Examples

211

@@ -225,21 +225,21 @@ Call gate with triple sample.

225

226Regular:

227

228−```hoon

228+```reference

229−%^ a=hoon b=hoon c=hoon d=hoon

229+%^ a=reference b=hoon c=hoon d=hoon

230```

231

232AST:

233

234```

235−[%cnkt p=hoon q=hoon r=hoon s=hoon]

235+[%cnkt p=reference q=hoon r=hoon s=hoon]

236```

237

238

239##### Expands to

240

241−```hoon

241+```reference

242−%-(a=hoon [b=hoon c=hoon d=hoon])

242+%-(a=reference [b=hoon c=hoon d=hoon])

243```

244

245##### Examples

@@ -259,14 +259,14 @@ Call gate with a cell sample.

259

260Regular:

261

262−```hoon

262+```reference

263−%+ a=hoon b=hoon c=hoon

263+%+ a=reference b=hoon c=hoon

264```

265

266AST:

267

268```

269−[%cnls p=hoon q=hoon r=hoon]

269+[%cnls p=reference q=hoon r=hoon]

270```

271

272##### Semantics

@@ -275,8 +275,8 @@ A `%+` expression is for calling a gate with a cell sample. `a` is the gate to

275

276##### Expands to

277

278−```hoon

278+```reference

279−%-(a=hoon [b=hoon c=hoon])

279+%-(a=reference [b=hoon c=hoon])

280```

281

282##### Examples

@@ -296,12 +296,12 @@ Evaluate an arm in a door.

296

297Regular:

298

299−```hoon

299+```reference

300−%~ a=wing b=hoon

300+%~ a=wing b=reference

301− c=hoon

301+ c=reference

302− d=hoon

302+ d=reference

303 ...

304− e=hoon

304+ e=reference

305==

306```

307

@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ Irregular:

313AST:

314

315```

316−[%cnsg p=wing q=hoon r=(list hoon)]

316+[%cnsg p=wing q=reference r=(list hoon)]

317```

318

319##### Semantics

@@ -324,11 +324,11 @@ A `%~` expression evaluates the arm of a door (i.e., a core with a sample). `a`

324

325`%~` is the general case of a function call, `%-`. In both, we replace the sample (`+6`) of a core. In `%-` the core is a gate and the `$` arm is evaluated. In `%~` the core is a door and any arm may be evaluated. You must identify the arm to be run: `%~(arm door arg)`.

326

327−See also [`|_`](@/docs/hoon/hoon-expressions/rune/bar.md#barcab).

327+See also [`|_`](@/docs/reference/hoon-expressions/rune/bar.md#barcab).

328

329##### Examples

330

331−```hoon

331+```reference

332> =mycore |_ a=@

333 ++ plus-two (add 2 a)

334 ++ double (mul 2 a)

@@ -348,19 +348,19 @@ Evaluate an expression, then resolve a wing with changes.

348

349Regular:

350

351−```hoon

351+```reference

352−%* a=wing b=hoon

352+%* a=wing b=reference

353− c=wing d=hoon

353+ c=wing d=reference

354− e=wing f=hoon

354+ e=wing f=reference

355 ...

356− g=wing h=hoon

356+ g=wing h=reference

357==

358```

359

360AST:

361

362```

363−[%cntr p=wing q=hoon r=(list (pair wing hoon))]

363+[%cntr p=wing q=reference r=(list (pair wing hoon))]

364```

365

366##### Semantics

@@ -369,13 +369,13 @@ A `%*` expression evaluates some arbitrary Hoon expression, `b`, and then resolv

369

370##### Expands to

371

372−```hoon

372+```reference

373−=+ b=hoon

373+=+ b=reference

374%= a=wing

375− c=wing d=hoon

375+ c=wing d=reference

376− e=wing f=hoon

376+ e=wing f=reference

377 ...

378− g=wing h=hoon

378+ g=wing h=reference

379==

380```

381

@@ -411,12 +411,12 @@ Resolve a wing with changes.

411

412Regular:

413

414−```hoon

414+```reference

415%= a=wing

416− b=wing c=hoon

416+ b=wing c=reference

417− d=wing e=hoon

417+ d=wing e=reference

418 ...

419− f=wing g=hoon

419+ f=wing g=reference

420==

421```

422

@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ Irregular:

427AST:

428

429```

430−[%cnts p=wing q=(list (pair wing hoon))]

430+[%cnts p=wing q=(list (pair wing reference))]

431```

432

433##### Semantics

@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ a wing, we would just be mutating `+6` within the core that defines the

452

453Here's that again in tall form:

454

455−```hoon

455+```reference

456=+ foo

457=> %= +2

458 +6 baz

reference/hoon-expressions/rune/ket.md+17−17

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@

2title = "Casts ^ ('ket')"

3weight = 11

4template = "doc.html"

5−aliases = ["docs/reference/hoon-expressions/rune/ket/"]

5+aliases = ["docs/reference/reference-expressions/rune/ket/"]

6+++

7[`^-` ("kethep")](#kethep), [`^+` ("ketlus")](#ketlus), and

8[`^=` ("kettis")](#kettis) let us adjust types without violating type

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ it never allows invalid nests, it sometimes rejects valid nests.

15

16### ^| "ketbar"

17

18−`[%ktbr p=hoon]`: convert a gold core to an iron core (contravariant).

18+`[%ktbr p=reference]`: convert a gold core to an iron core (contravariant).

19

20##### Produces

21

@@ -87,11 +87,11 @@ ford: %ride failed to execute:

87

88### ^. "ketdot"

89

90−`[%ktdt p=hoon q=hoon]`: typecast on value produced by passing `q` to `p`.

90+`[%ktdt p=reference q=hoon]`: typecast on value produced by passing `q` to `p`.

91

92##### Expands to

93

94−```hoon

94+```reference

95^+(%:(p q) q)

96```

97

@@ -99,8 +99,8 @@ ford: %ride failed to execute:

99

100Regular: **2-fixed**.

101

102−```hoon

102+```reference

103−^. p=hoon q=hoon

103+^. p=reference q=hoon

104```

105

106##### Discussion

@@ -128,11 +128,11 @@ mint-vain

128

129### ^- "kethep"

130

131−`[%kthp p=spec q=hoon]`: typecast by explicit type label.

131+`[%kthp p=spec q=reference]`: typecast by explicit type label.

132

133##### Expands to

134

135−```hoon

135+```reference

136^+(^*(p) q)

137```

138

@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ infinite loop in the compiler).

172

173### ^+ "ketlus"

174

175−`[%ktls p=hoon q=hoon]`: typecast by inferred type.

175+`[%ktls p=reference q=hoon]`: typecast by inferred type.

176

177##### Produces

178

@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ Regular: **2-fixed**.

191

192### ^& "ketpam"

193

194−`[%ktpm p=hoon]`: convert a core to a zinc core (covariant).

194+`[%ktpm p=reference]`: convert a core to a zinc core (covariant).

195

196##### Produces

197

@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ Regular: **1-fixed**.

203

204##### Discussion

205

206−A zinc core has a read-only sample and an opaque context. See [Advanced types](@/docs/hoon/hoon-expressions/advanced.md).

206+A zinc core has a read-only sample and an opaque context. See [Advanced types](@/docs/reference/hoon-expressions/advanced.md).

207

208##### Examples

209

@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ ford: %ride failed to compute type:

244

245### ^~ "ketsig"

246

247−`[%ktsg p=hoon]`: fold constant at compile time.

247+`[%ktsg p=reference]`: fold constant at compile time.

248

249##### Produces

250

@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ A default value (i.e., 'bunt value') of the type `p`.

276

277Regular: **1-fixed**.

278

279−```hoon

279+```reference

280^* p=spec

281```

282

@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ Irregular: `*p`.

288

289Regular:

290

291−```hoon

291+```reference

292> ^* @

2930

294

@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ Regular:

304

305Irregular:

306

307−```hoon

307+```reference

308> *@

3090

310

@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ Irregular:

317

318### ^= "kettis"

319

320−`[%ktts p=skin q=hoon]`: Bind name to a value.

320+`[%ktts p=skin q=reference]`: Bind name to a value.

321

322##### Produces

323

@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ a=1

353

354### ^? "ketwut"

355

356−`[%ktwt p=hoon]`: convert any core to a lead core (bivariant).

356+`[%ktwt p=reference]`: convert any core to a lead core (bivariant).

357

358##### Produces

359

reference/hoon-expressions/rune/tis.md+28−28

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@

2title = "Change Subject = ('tis')"

3weight = 5

4template = "doc.html"

5−aliases = ["/docs/reference/hoon-expressions/rune/tis/"]

5+aliases = ["/docs/reference/reference-expressions/rune/tis/"]

6+++

7These runes modify the subject. (Or more precisely, they

8evaluate at least one of their subexpressions with a modified subject.)

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ different situations. Hence the whole family of `=` runes.

26

27### => "tisgar"

28

29−`[%tsgr p=hoon q=hoon]`: compose two expressions.

29+`[%tsgr p=reference q=hoon]`: compose two expressions.

30

31##### Produces

32

@@ -49,11 +49,11 @@ Regular: **2-fixed**.

49### =| "tisbar"

50

51

52−`[%tsbr p=spec q=hoon]`: combine a default type value with the subject.

52+`[%tsbr p=spec q=reference]`: combine a default type value with the subject.

53

54##### Expands to

55

56−```hoon

56+```reference

57=+(*p q)

58```

59

@@ -80,11 +80,11 @@ Speaking more loosely, `=|` usually "declares a variable" which is "uninitialize

80

81### =: "tiscol"

82

83−`[%tscl p=(list (pair wing hoon)) q=hoon]`: change multiple legs in the subject.

83+`[%tscl p=(list (pair wing reference)) q=hoon]`: change multiple legs in the subject.

84

85##### Expands to

86

87−```hoon

87+```reference

88=>(%_(. p) q)

89```

90

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ This rune is like `=.`, but for modifying the values of multiple legs of the sub

109

110### =, "tiscom"

111

112−`[%tscm p=hoon q=hoon]`: expose namespace

112+`[%tscm p=reference q=hoon]`: expose namespace

113

114`p` evaluates to a noun with some namespace. From within `q` you may access `p`'s names without a wing path (i.e., you can use face `b` rather than `b.p`). This is especially useful for calling arms from an imported library core or for calling arms from a stdlib core repeatedly.

115

@@ -144,11 +144,11 @@ With a dojo-defined face:

144

145### =. "tisdot"

146

147−`[%tsdt p=wing q=hoon r=hoon]`: change one leg in the subject.

147+`[%tsdt p=wing q=reference r=hoon]`: change one leg in the subject.

148

149##### Expands to

150

151−```hoon

151+```reference

152=>(%_(. p q) r)

153```

154

@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ Regular: **3-fixed**.

159##### Discussion

160

161Technically the `=.` rune doesn't change the subject. It creates

162−a new subject just like the old one except for a changed value at `p`. Note that the mutation uses [`%_` ("cencab")](@/docs/hoon/hoon-expressions/rune/cen.md#cencab), so the type at `p` doesn't change. Trying to change the value type results in a `nest-fail`.

162+a new subject just like the old one except for a changed value at `p`. Note that the mutation uses [`%_` ("cencab")](@/docs/reference/hoon-expressions/rune/cen.md#cencab), so the type at `p` doesn't change. Trying to change the value type results in a `nest-fail`.

163

164##### Examples

165

@@ -180,11 +180,11 @@ nest-fail

180

181### =- "tishep"

182

183−`[%tshp p=hoon q=hoon]`: combine a new noun with the subject, inverted.

183+`[%tshp p=reference q=hoon]`: combine a new noun with the subject, inverted.

184

185##### Expands to

186

187−```hoon

187+```reference

188=>([q .] p)

189```

190

@@ -209,12 +209,12 @@ Regular: **2-fixed**.

209

210### =^ "tisket"

211

212−`[%tskt p=skin q=wing r=hoon s=hoon]`: pin the head of a pair; change

212+`[%tskt p=skin q=wing r=reference s=hoon]`: pin the head of a pair; change

213a leg with the tail.

214

215##### Expands to

216

217−```hoon

217+```reference

218=/(p -.r =.(q +.r s))

219```

220

@@ -249,11 +249,11 @@ random number, so we use `=^`:

249

250### =< "tisgal"

251

252−`[%tsgl p=hoon q=hoon]`: compose two expressions, inverted.

252+`[%tsgl p=reference q=hoon]`: compose two expressions, inverted.

253

254##### Expands to

255

256−```hoon

256+```reference

257=>(q p)

258```

259

@@ -287,11 +287,11 @@ Irregular: `foo:baz` is `=<(foo baz)`.

287### =+ "tislus"

288

289

290−`[%tsls p=hoon q=hoon]`: combine a new noun with the subject.

290+`[%tsls p=reference q=hoon]`: combine a new noun with the subject.

291

292##### Expands to

293

294−```hoon

294+```reference

295=>([p .] q)

296```

297

@@ -309,11 +309,11 @@ Loosely speaking, `=+` is the simplest way of "declaring a variable."

309

310### =; "tismic"

311

312−`[%tsmc p=skin q=hoon r=hoon]`: combine a named noun with the subject, possibly with type annotation; inverted order.

312+`[%tsmc p=skin q=reference r=hoon]`: combine a named noun with the subject, possibly with type annotation; inverted order.

313

314##### Expands to

315

316−```hoon

316+```reference

317=/(p r q)

318```

319

@@ -338,25 +338,25 @@ Regular: **3-fixed**.

338

339### =/ "tisfas"

340

341−`[%tsfs p=skin q=hoon r=hoon]`: combine a named noun with the subject, possibly with type annotation.

341+`[%tsfs p=skin q=reference r=hoon]`: combine a named noun with the subject, possibly with type annotation.

342

343##### Expands to

344

345**if `p` is a name**, (e.g. `a`):

346

347−```hoon

347+```reference

348=+(^=(p q) r)

349```

350

351**if `p` is a name with a type** (e.g., `a=@`):

352

353−```hoon

353+```reference

354=+(^-(p q) r)

355```

356

357### Desugaring

358

359−```hoon

359+```reference

360?@ p

361 =+ p=q

362 r

@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ Regular: **3-fixed**.

388### =~ "tissig"

389

390

391−`[%tssg p=(list hoon)]`: compose many expressions.

391+`[%tssg p=(list reference)]`: compose many expressions.

392

393##### Produces

394

@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ Regular: **running**.

423

424### =* "tistar"

425

426−`[%tstr p=term q=hoon r=hoon]`: define an alias.

426+`[%tstr p=term q=reference r=hoon]`: define an alias.

427

428##### Produces

429

@@ -456,11 +456,11 @@ The difference between aliasing and pinning is that pinning changes the subject,

456

457### =? "tiswut"

458

459−`[$tswt p=wing q=hoon r=hoon s=hoon]`: conditionally change one leg in the subject.

459+`[$tswt p=wing q=reference r=hoon s=hoon]`: conditionally change one leg in the subject.

460

461##### Expands to

462

463−```hoon

463+```reference

464=. p ?:(q r p)

465s

466```

reference/hoon-expressions/rune/wut.md+28−28

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@

2title = "Conditionals ? ('wut')"

3weight = 6

4template = "doc.html"

5−aliases = ["docs/reference/hoon-expressions/rune/wut/"]

5+aliases = ["docs/reference/reference-expressions/rune/wut/"]

6+++

7Hoon has the usual program control branches. It also has the usual logical

8operators: AND `?&`, OR `?|`, and NOT `?!`. It also has a `?=` rune that tests

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ for expressions which expand to `?:`.

22The test does not have to be a single `?=`; the compiler can

23analyze arbitrary boolean logic ([`?&` ("wutpam")](#wutpam),

24[`?|` ("wutbar")](#wutbar), [`?!` ("wutzap")](#wutzap)) with full

25−short-circuiting. Equality tests ([`.=` ("dottis")](@/docs/hoon/hoon-expressions/rune/dot.md#dottis)) are **not**

25+short-circuiting. Equality tests ([`.=` ("dottis")](@/docs/reference/hoon-expressions/rune/dot.md#dottis)) are **not**

26analyzed.

27

28If the compiler detects that the branch is degenerate (only one

@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@ side is taken), it fails with an error.

32

33### ?> "wutgar"

34

35−`[%wtgr p=hoon q=hoon]`: positive assertion.

35+`[%wtgr p=reference q=hoon]`: positive assertion.

36

37##### Expands to

38

39−```hoon

39+```reference

40?.(p !! q)

41```

42

@@ -70,19 +70,19 @@ nest-fail

70

71### ?| "wutbar"

72

73−`[%wtbr p=(list hoon)]`: logical OR.

73+`[%wtbr p=(list reference)]`: logical OR.

74

75##### Expands to

76

77**Pseudocode**: `a`, `b`, `c`, ... as elements of `p`:

78

79−```hoon

79+```reference

80?:(a & ?:(b & ?:(c & ?:(... ?:(z & |)))))

81```

82

83##### Desugaring

84

85−```hoon

85+```reference

86|-

87?~ p

88 |

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ Irregular: `|(foo bar baz)` is `?|(foo bar baz)`.

109

110### ?: "wutcol" {#wutcol}

111

112−`[%wtcl p=hoon q=hoon r=hoon]`: branch on a boolean test.

112+`[%wtcl p=reference q=hoon r=hoon]`: branch on a boolean test.

113

114##### Produces

115

@@ -157,11 +157,11 @@ Note also that all other branching expressions reduce to `?:`.

157

158### ?. "wutdot"

159

160−`[%wtdt p=hoon q=hoon r=hoon]`: branch on a boolean test, inverted.

160+`[%wtdt p=reference q=hoon r=hoon]`: branch on a boolean test, inverted.

161

162##### Expands to

163

164−```hoon

164+```reference

165?:(p r q)

166```

167

@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ As is usual with inverted forms, use `?.` when the yes-case expression is much t

200

201**Pseudocode**: `a`, `b`, `c`, ... as elements of `q`:

202

203−```hoon

203+```reference

204?: ?=(p.a p) q.a

205?: ?=(p.b p) q.b

206?: ?=(p.c p) q.c

@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ As is usual with inverted forms, use `?.` when the yes-case expression is much t

210

211##### Desugaring

212

213−```hoon

213+```reference

214|-

215?. q

216 ~|(%mint-lost !!)

@@ -256,12 +256,12 @@ will throw `mint-vain`.

256

257### ?^ "wutket"

258

259−`[%wtkt p=wing q=hoon r=hoon]`: branch on whether a wing

259+`[%wtkt p=wing q=reference r=hoon]`: branch on whether a wing

260of the subject is a cell.

261

262##### Expands to

263

264−```hoon

264+```reference

265?:(?=(^ p) q r)

266```

267

@@ -289,11 +289,11 @@ The type of the wing, `p`, must not be known to be either an atom or a cell, or

289

290### ?< "wutgal"

291

292−`[%wtgl p=hoon q=hoon]`: negative assertion.

292+`[%wtgl p=reference q=hoon]`: negative assertion.

293

294##### Expands to

295

296−```hoon

296+```reference

297?:(p !! q)

298```

299

@@ -327,14 +327,14 @@ nest-fail

327

328### ?+ "wutlus"

329

330−`[%wtls p=wing q=hoon r=(list (pair spec hoon))]`: switch against

330+`[%wtls p=wing q=reference r=(list (pair spec hoon))]`: switch against

331a union, with a default.

332

333##### Expands to

334

335**Pseudocode**: `a`, `b`, `c`, ... as elements of `r`:

336

337−```hoon

337+```reference

338?: ?=(p.a p) q.a

339?: ?=(p.b p) q.b

340?: ?=(p.c p) q.c

@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ q

344

345##### Desugaring

346

347−```hoon

347+```reference

348|-

349?. r

350 q

@@ -384,19 +384,19 @@ If there is a case that is never taken you'll get a `mint-vain` error.

384

385### ?& "wutpam"

386

387−`[%wtpm p=(list hoon)]`: logical AND.

387+`[%wtpm p=(list reference)]`: logical AND.

388

389##### Expands to

390

391**Pseudocode**: `a`, `b`, `c`, ... as elements of `p`:

392

393−```hoon

393+```reference

394?.(a | ?.(b | ?.(c | ?.(... ?.(z | &)))))

395```

396

397##### Desugaring

398

399−```hoon

399+```reference

400|-

401?~ p

402 &

@@ -423,11 +423,11 @@ Irregular: `&(foo bar baz)` is `?&(foo bar baz)`.

423

424### ?~ "wutsig"

425

426−`[%wtsg p=wing q=hoon r=hoon]`: branch on whether a wing of the subject is null.

426+`[%wtsg p=wing q=reference r=hoon]`: branch on whether a wing of the subject is null.

427

428##### Expands to

429

430−```hoon

430+```reference

431?:(?=($~ p) q r)

432```

433

@@ -486,11 +486,11 @@ A common error is `find.$`, meaning `p` is not a type.

486

487### ?@ "wutvat"

488

489−`[%wtpt p=wing q=hoon r=hoon]`: branch on whether a wing of the subject is an atom.

489+`[%wtpt p=wing q=reference r=hoon]`: branch on whether a wing of the subject is an atom.

490

491##### Expands to

492

493−```hoon

493+```reference

494?:(?=(@ p) q r)

495```

496

@@ -518,11 +518,11 @@ The type of the wing, `p`, must not be known to be either an atom or a cell, or

518

519### ?! "wutzap"

520

521−`[%wtzp p=hoon]`: logical NOT.

521+`[%wtzp p=reference]`: logical NOT.

522

523##### Expands to

524

525−```hoon

525+```reference

526.=(| p)

527```

528

reference/library/1b.md+1−1

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ weight = 2

4template = "doc.html"

5aliases = ["/docs/reference/library/1b"]

6+++

7−Check out the Nock [explanation](@/docs/nock/_index.md) for more

7+Check out the Nock [explanation](@/docs/tutorials/nock/_index.md) for more

8information on the tree-addressing system.

9

10### `++cap`

reference/library/1c.md+13−13

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Atom representing block size. A block of size `a` has a bitwidth of `2^a`.

12

13#### Source

14

15−```hoon

15+```reference

16 ++ bloq @

17```

18

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ A `bloq` of 3 has a bitwidth of 8. (2^3 bits; can represent 256 values.)

63

64And so on.

65

66−See the [bit arithmetic](@/docs/hoon/library/2c.md) section for operations that use `bloq`s.

66+See the [bit arithmetic](@/docs/reference/library/2c.md) section for operations that use `bloq`s.

67

68---

69

@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ product noun. If used dryly as a type, the subject must have a sample type of

104

105#### Source

106

107−```hoon

107+```reference

108 ++ gate

109 $-(* *)

110```

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ homogenous type.

143

144#### Source

145

146−```hoon

146+```reference

147 ++ list

148 |*(a=mold $@($~ (lest a)))

149```

@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ A mold generator. Puts face of `p` on the passed-in mold.

177

178#### Source

179

180−```hoon

180+```reference

181 ++ lone

182 |*(a=mold [p=a])

183```

@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ A mold generator. Produces a tuple of two of the types passed in.

210

211#### Source

212

213−```hoon

213+```reference

214 ++ pair

215 |*([a=mold b=mold] [p=a q=b])

216```

@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ A mold generator. A `list` without the faces `i` and `t`.

235

236#### Source

237

238−```hoon

238+```reference

239 ++ pole

240 |*(a=mold $@($~ [a (pole a)]))

241```

@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ A mold generator. Produces a tuple of four of the types passed in.

261

262#### Source

263

264−```hoon

264+```reference

265 ++ qual

266 |* [a=mold b=mold c=mold d=mold]

267 [p=a q=b r=c s=d]

@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ A mold generator. Produces a tuple of a `list` of `a` and the mold of `b`.

286

287#### Source

288

289−```hoon

289+```reference

290 ++ quip

291 |*([a=mold b=mold] [(list a) b])

292```

@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ A trap is a core with one arm `$`.

315

316#### Source

317

318−```hoon

318+```reference

319 ++ trap

320 |*(a=mold _|?(*a))

321```

@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ left/right sub `tree` of the same type. Pretty-printed with `{}`.

344

345#### Source

346

347−```hoon

347+```reference

348 ++ tree

349 |*(a=mold $@($~ [n=a l=(tree a) r=(tree a)]))

350```

@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ A mold generator. A mold of the tuple of the three types passed in.

366

367#### Source

368

369−```hoon

369+```reference

370 ++ trel

371 |*([a=mold b=mold c=mold] [p=a q=b r=c])

372```

@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ type that was passed in.

392

393#### Source

394

395−```hoon

395+```reference

396 ++ unit

397 |*(a=mold $@($~ [$~ u=a]))

398```

reference/library/2c.md+37−37

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ An atom.

20

21#### Source

22

23−```hoon

23+```reference

24 ++ bex

25 ~/ %bex

26 |= a=@

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ value.

53

54#### Accepts

55

56−`a` is a block size (see [`++bloq`](@/docs/hoon/library/1c.md)).

56+`a` is a block size (see [`++bloq`](@/docs/reference/library/1c.md)).

57

58`b` is a `list` of length-value pairs, `p` and `q`.

59

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ An atom.

63

64#### Source

65

66−```hoon

66+```reference

67 ++ can

68 ~/ %can

69 |= [a=bloq b=(list [p=@ q=@])]

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ atom.

110

111#### Accepts

112

113−`a` is a block size (see [`++bloq`](@/docs/hoon/library/1c.md)).

113+`a` is a block size (see [`++bloq`](@/docs/reference/library/1c.md)).

114

115`b` is an atom.

116

@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ An atom.

122

123#### Source

124

125−```hoon

125+```reference

126 ++ cat

127 ~/ %cat

128 |= [a=bloq b=@ c=@]

@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ Slices `c` blocks of size `a` that are positioned `b` blocks from the end of

173

174#### Accepts

175

176−`a` is a block size (see [`++bloq`](@/docs/hoon/library/1c.md)).

176+`a` is a block size (see [`++bloq`](@/docs/reference/library/1c.md)).

177

178`b` is an atom.

179

@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ An atom.

187

188#### Source

189

190−```hoon

190+```reference

191 ++ cut

192 ~/ %cut

193 |= [a=bloq [b=@u c=@u] d=@]

@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ Produces an atom by taking the last `b` blocks of size `a` from `c`.

232

233#### Accepts

234

235−`a` is a block size (see [`++bloq`](@/docs/hoon/library/1c.md)).

235+`a` is a block size (see [`++bloq`](@/docs/reference/library/1c.md)).

236

237`b` is an atom.

238

@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ An atom.

245

246#### Source

247

248−```hoon

248+```reference

249 ++ end

250 ~/ %end

251 |= [a=bloq b=@u c=@]

@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ Produces an atom by repeating `c` for `b` blocks of size `a`.

299

300#### Accepts

301

302−`a` is a block size (see [`++bloq`](@/docs/hoon/library/1c.md)).

302+`a` is a block size (see [`++bloq`](@/docs/reference/library/1c.md)).

303

304`b` is an atom.

305

@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ An atom.

311

312#### Source

313

314−```hoon

314+```reference

315 ++ fil

316 |= [a=bloq b=@u c=@]

317 =+ n=0

@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ Produces an atom by left-shifting `c` by `b` blocks of size `a`.

351

352#### Accepts

353

354−`a` is a block size (see [`++bloq`](@/docs/hoon/library/1c.md)).

354+`a` is a block size (see [`++bloq`](@/docs/reference/library/1c.md)).

355

356`b` is an atom.

357

@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ An atom.

363

364#### Source

365

366−```hoon

366+```reference

367 ++ lsh

368 ~/ %lsh

369 |= [a=bloq b=@u c=@]

@@ -402,13 +402,13 @@ Computes the number of blocks of size `a` in `b`, producing an atom.

402

403#### Accepts

404

405−`a` is a block size (see [`++bloq`](@/docs/hoon/library/1c.md)).

405+`a` is a block size (see [`++bloq`](@/docs/reference/library/1c.md)).

406

407`b` is an atom.

408

409#### Source

410

411−```hoon

411+```reference

412 ++ met

413 ~/ %met

414 |= [a=bloq b=@]

@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ Concatenates a list of atoms `b` using block size `a`, producing an atom.

448

449#### Accepts

450

451−`a` is a block size (see [`++bloq`](@/docs/hoon/library/1c.md)).

451+`a` is a block size (see [`++bloq`](@/docs/reference/library/1c.md)).

452

453`b` is a `list` of atoms.

454

@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ An atom.

458

459#### Source

460

461−```hoon

461+```reference

462 ++ rap

463 ~/ %rap

464 |= [a=bloq b=(list @)]

@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ Produces an atom by assembling a list of atoms `b` using block size `a`.

509

510#### Accepts

511

512−`a` is a block size (see [`++bloq`](@/docs/hoon/library/1c.md)).

512+`a` is a block size (see [`++bloq`](@/docs/reference/library/1c.md)).

513

514`b` is a list of atoms.

515

@@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ An atom.

519

520#### Source

521

522−```hoon

522+```reference

523 ++ rep

524 ~/ %rep

525 |= [a=bloq b=(list @)]

@@ -574,7 +574,7 @@ Produces a list of atoms from the bits of `b` using block size `a`.

574

575#### Accepts

576

577−`a` is a block size (see [`++bloq`](@/docs/hoon/library/1c.md)).

577+`a` is a block size (see [`++bloq`](@/docs/reference/library/1c.md)).

578

579`b` is an atom.

580

@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ A list of atoms.

584

585#### Source

586

587−```hoon

587+```reference

588 ++ rip

589 ~/ %rip

590 |= [a=bloq b=@]

@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ Right-shifts `c` by `b` blocks of size `a`, producing an atom.

634

635#### Accepts

636

637−`a` is a block size (see [`++bloq`](@/docs/hoon/library/1c.md)).

637+`a` is a block size (see [`++bloq`](@/docs/reference/library/1c.md)).

638

639`b` is an atom.

640

@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ An atom.

646

647#### Source

648

649−```hoon

649+```reference

650 ++ rsh

651 ~/ %rsh

652 |= [a=bloq b=@u c=@]

@@ -702,7 +702,7 @@ reversing the block order of `b` using block size `a`.

702

703#### Accepts

704

705−`a` is a block size (see [`++bloq`](@/docs/hoon/library/1c.md)).

705+`a` is a block size (see [`++bloq`](@/docs/reference/library/1c.md)).

706

707`b` is an atom.

708

@@ -712,7 +712,7 @@ An atom

712

713#### Source

714

715−```hoon

715+```reference

716 ++ swp |=([a=bloq b=@] (rep a (flop (rip a b))))

717```

718

@@ -753,7 +753,7 @@ An atom.

753

754#### Source

755

756−```hoon

756+```reference

757 ++ xeb

758 ~/ %xeb

759 |= a=@

@@ -797,7 +797,7 @@ Core that contains arms for `bloq` and modular integer operations.

797

798#### Source

799

800−```hoon

800+```reference

801 |_ a=bloq

802```

803

@@ -821,7 +821,7 @@ A `@s`

821

822#### Source

823

824−```hoon

824+```reference

825 ++ dif |=([b=@ c=@] (sit (sub (add out (sit b)) (sit c))))

826```

827

@@ -862,7 +862,7 @@ Inverts the order of the modular field.

862

863#### Accepts

864

865−`b` is a `bloq`. (see [`++bloq`](@/docs/hoon/library/1c.md))

865+`b` is a `bloq`. (see [`++bloq`](@/docs/reference/library/1c.md))

866

867#### Produces

868

@@ -870,7 +870,7 @@ An atom.

870

871#### Source

872

873−```hoon

873+```reference

874 ++ inv |=(b=@ (sub (dec out) (sit b)))

875```

876

@@ -905,7 +905,7 @@ Reverses bytes within a block.

905

906#### Accepts

907

908−`b` is a `bloq`. (see [`++bloq`](@/docs/hoon/library/1c.md))

908+`b` is a `bloq`. (see [`++bloq`](@/docs/reference/library/1c.md))

909

910#### Produces

911

@@ -913,7 +913,7 @@ An atom.

913

914#### Source

915

916−```hoon

916+```reference

917 ++ net |= b=@ ^- @

918 => .(b (sit b))

919 ?: (lte a 3)

@@ -1002,7 +1002,7 @@ An atom.

1002

1003#### Source

1004

1005−```hoon

1005+```reference

1006 ++ out (bex (bex a))

1007```

1008

@@ -1057,7 +1057,7 @@ An atom.

1057

1058#### Source

1059

1060−```hoon

1060+```reference

1061 ++ rol |= [b=bloq c=@ d=@] ^- @

1062 =+ e=(sit d)

1063 =+ f=(bex (sub a b))

@@ -1107,7 +1107,7 @@ An atom.

1107

1108#### Source

1109

1110−```hoon

1110+```reference

1111 ++ ror |= [b=bloq c=@ d=@] ^- @

1112 =+ e=(sit d)

1113 =+ f=(bex (sub a b))

@@ -1156,7 +1156,7 @@ An atom.

1156

1157#### Source

1158

1159−```hoon

1159+```reference

1160 ++ sit |=(b=@ (end a 1 b))

1161```

1162

@@ -1219,7 +1219,7 @@ An atom.

1219

1220#### Source

1221

1222−```hoon

1222+```reference

1223 ++ sum |=([b=@ c=@] (sit (add b c)))

1224```

1225

reference/library/2d.md+6−6

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ An atom.

22

23#### Source

24

25−```hoon

25+```reference

26 ++ con

27 ~/ %con

28 |= [a=@ b=@]

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ An atom.

117

118#### Source

119

120−```hoon

120+```reference

121 ++ dis

122 ~/ %dis

123 |= [a=@ b=@]

@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ An atom.

205

206#### Source

207

208−```hoon

208+```reference

209 ++ mix

210 ~/ %mix

211 |= [a=@ b=@]

@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ of `c`.

281

282#### Accepts

283

284−`a` is a block size (see [`bloq`](@/docs/hoon/library/1c.md)).

284+`a` is a block size (see [`bloq`](@/docs/reference/library/1c.md)).

285

286`b` is an atom.

287

@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ An atom.

293

294#### Source

295

296−```hoon

296+```reference

297 ++ not |= [a=bloq b=@ c=@]

298 (mix c (dec (bex (mul b (bex a)))))

299```

@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ number's `0`s into `1`s, and vice versa.

327

328In Hoon, we ask for a little more information to use `not`, because binary

329numbers have a number of implicit leading zeroes differently depending on on

330−their [block size](@/docs/hoon/library/1c.md). Decimal `7`, for example, is `0b111` in binary, and

330+their [block size](@/docs/reference/library/1c.md). Decimal `7`, for example, is `0b111` in binary, and

331has one implicit zero in the context of a block of size `2`, which has a

332bitwidth of 4. Let's try `not` on `7` with a single block of size `2`.

333

reference/library/2e.md+6−6

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ aliases = ["/docs/reference/library/2e"]

9FNV scrambler

10

11Hashes an atom with the 32-bit FNV non-cryptographic hash algorithm. Multiplies

12−`a` by the prime number 16,777,619 and then takes the [block](@/docs/hoon/library/2c.md) of size

12+`a` by the prime number 16,777,619 and then takes the [block](@/docs/reference/library/2c.md) of size

135 off the product's end, producing an atom.

14

15#### Accepts

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ An atom.

22

23#### Source

24

25−```hoon

25+```reference

26 ++ fnv |=(a=@ (end 5 1 (mul 16.777.619 a)))

27```

28

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ An atom.

58

59#### Source

60

61−```hoon

61+```reference

62 ++ mug

63 ~/ %mug

64 |= a=*

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ Standard MurmurHash3

109Implementation of the 32-bit

110[MurmurHash3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MurmurHash#Algorithm)

111non-cryptographic hash algorithm. Takes `a` as the seed, `b` as the key length

112−in [blocks](@/docs/hoon/library/2c.md) of size 3, and `c` as the key, producing an atom.

112+in [blocks](@/docs/reference/library/2c.md) of size 3, and `c` as the key, producing an atom.

113

114#### Accepts

115

@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ An atom.

125

126#### Source

127

128−```hoon

128+```reference

129 ++ muk

130 ~% %muk ..muk ~

131 =+ ~(. fe 5)

@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ An atom.

236

237#### Source

238

239−```hoon

239+```reference

240 ++ mum

241 ~/ %mum

242 |= a=*

reference/library/2f.md+10−10

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ A flag.

22

23#### Source

24

25−```hoon

25+```reference

26 ++ aor

27 ~/ %aor

28 |= [a=* b=*]

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ A flag.

92

93#### Source

94

95−```hoon

95+```reference

96 ++ dor

97 ~/ %dor

98 |= [a=* b=*]

@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ A flag.

131

132#### Discussion

133

134−If `a` and `b` are both atoms, `dor` is equivalent to [`lte`](@/docs/hoon/library/1a.md). If they're

134+If `a` and `b` are both atoms, `dor` is equivalent to [`lte`](@/docs/reference/library/1a.md). If they're

135cells, `dor` recurses on the heads, and then if the heads are the same it checks

136the tails.

137

@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ Computes whether of `(mug a)` and `(mug b)` are in ascending numeric order,

148producing a flag. If the `mug` hashes are equal, `a` and `b` are compared by

149`dor` instead.

150

151−[`mug`](@/docs/hoon/library/2e.md) is the the 31-bit nonzero FNV-1a hash algorithm.

151+[`mug`](@/docs/reference/library/2e.md) is the the 31-bit nonzero FNV-1a hash algorithm.

152

153#### Accepts

154

@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ A flag.

162

163#### Source

164

165−```hoon

165+```reference

166 ++ gor

167 ~/ %gor

168 |= [a=* b=*]

@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ A flag.

243

244#### Source

245

246−```hoon

246+```reference

247 ++ hor

248 ~/ %hor

249 |= [a=* b=*]

@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ A flag.

297#### Discussion

298

299Sets (+set, +in) use `hor` for their horizontal order and `vor` for their

300−vertical order. See [`apt:in`](@/docs/hoon/library/2h.md) to see how a set verifies its correctness.

300+vertical order. See [`apt:in`](@/docs/reference/library/2h.md) to see how a set verifies its correctness.

301`vor` is used to verify.

302

303---

@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ A flag.

320

321#### Source

322

323−```hoon

323+```reference

324 ++ lor

325 ~/ %lor

326 |= [a=* b=*]

@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ Computes whether the double-hashes `(mug (mug a))` and `(mug (mug b))` are in

378ascending numeric order, producing a flag. If the double-`mug` hashes are

379equal, `a` and `b` are compared by `dor` instead.

380

381−[`mug`](@/docs/hoon/library/2e.md) is the the 31-bit nonzero FNV-1a hash algorithm.

381+[`mug`](@/docs/reference/library/2e.md) is the the 31-bit nonzero FNV-1a hash algorithm.

382

383

384#### Accepts

@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ A flag.

393

394#### Source

395

396−```hoon

396+```reference

397 ++ vor

398 ~/ %vor

399 |= [a=* b=*]

reference/library/2h.md+19−19

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ A `set`.

17

18#### Source

19

20−```hoon

20+```reference

21 ++ in

22 ~/ %in

23 |_ a=(set)

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ A flag.

49

50#### Source

51

52−```hoon

52+```reference

53 +- all

54 ~/ %all

55 |* b=$-(* ?)

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ A flag.

91

92#### Source

93

94−```hoon

94+```reference

95 +- any

96 ~/ %any

97 |* b=$-(* ?)

@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ A flag.

131

132#### Source

133

134−```hoon

134+```reference

135 +- apt

136 =| [l=(unit) r=(unit)]

137 |- ^- ?

@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ A flag.

164

165#### Discussion

166

167−See section [`2f`](@/docs/hoon/library/2f.md) for more information on noun ordering.

167+See section [`2f`](@/docs/reference/library/2f.md) for more information on noun ordering.

168

169---

170### `+-bif:in`

@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ A cell of two sets.

185

186#### Source

187

188−```hoon

188+```reference

189 +- bif

190 ~/ %bif

191 |* b=*

@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ A set.

238

239#### Source

240

241−```hoon

241+```reference

242 +- del

243 ~/ %del

244 |* b=*

@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ A set.

293

294#### Source

295

296−```hoon

296+```reference

297 +- dif

298 ~/ %dif

299 |* b=_a

@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ The `unit` of an atom.

348

349#### Source

350

351−```hoon

351+```reference

352 +- dig

353 |= b=*

354 =+ c=1

@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ The `unit` of an atom.

383

384#### Discussion

385

386−For more on the tree addressing system, see section [1b](@/docs/hoon/library/1b.md).

386+For more on the tree addressing system, see section [1b](@/docs/reference/library/1b.md).

387

388---

389### `+-gas:in`

@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ A `set`.

404

405#### Source

406

407−```hoon

407+```reference

408 +- gas

409 ~/ %gas

410 |= b=(list _?>(?=(^ a) n.a))

@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ A flag.

448

449#### Source

450

451−```hoon

451+```reference

452 +- has

453 ~/ %has

454 |* b=*

@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ A `set`.

493

494#### Source

495

496−```hoon

496+```reference

497 +- int

498 ~/ %int

499 |* b=_a

@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ A `set`.

544

545#### Source

546

547−```hoon

547+```reference

548 +- put

549 ~/ %put

550 |* b=*

@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ A noun.

597

598#### Source

599

600−```hoon

600+```reference

601 +- rep :: replace by product

602 |* b=_|=([* *] +<+)

603 |-

@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ A set.

636

637#### Source

638

639−```hoon

639+```reference

640 +- run

641 ~/ %run

642 |* b=gate

@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ A list.

675

676#### Source

677

678−```hoon

678+```reference

679 +- tap

680 ~/ %tap

681 |= b=(list _?>(?=(^ a) n.a))

@@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ A set.

717

718#### Source

719

720−```hoon

720+```reference

721 +- uni

722 ~/ %uni

723 |* b=_a

@@ -775,7 +775,7 @@ An atom.

775

776#### Source

777

778−```hoon

778+```reference

779 +- wyt :: size of set

780 |- ^- @

781 ?~(a 0 +((add $(a l.a) $(a r.a))))

reference/library/2i.md+25−25

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ contained arms inherit its sample map, `a`.

17

18#### Source

19

20−```hoon

20+```reference

21 ++ by

22 ~/ %by

23 =| a=(tree (pair))

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ A flag.

61

62#### Source

63

64−```hoon

64+```reference

65 +- all

66 ~/ %all

67 |* b=$-(* ?)

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ A flag.

106

107#### Source

108

109−```hoon

109+```reference

110 +- any

111 ~/ %any

112 |* b=$-(* ?)

@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ A flag.

146

147#### Source

148

149−```hoon

149+```reference

150 +- apt

151 =| [l=(unit) r=(unit)]

152 |- ^- ?

@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ A flag.

176

177#### Discussion

178

179−See section [`2f`](@/docs/hoon/library/2f.md) for more information on noun ordering.

179+See section [`2f`](@/docs/reference/library/2f.md) for more information on noun ordering.

180

181### `+-bif:by`

182

@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ A cell of two maps.

198

199#### Source

200

201−```hoon

201+```reference

202 +- bif

203 ~/ %bif

204 |* [b=* c=*]

@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ A map.

245

246#### Source

247

248−```hoon

248+```reference

249 +- def

250 |* b=_a

251 ^- (map _p:node (pair (unit _q:node) (unit _q:node)))

@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ A cell of maps.

272

273#### Source

274

275−```hoon

275+```reference

276 +- dep

277 |* b=_a

278 ^+ [p=a q=a]

@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ A map.

310

311#### Source

312

313−```hoon

313+```reference

314 +- del

315 ~/ %del

316 |* b=*

@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ A unit.

356

357#### Source

358

359−```hoon

359+```reference

360 +- dig

361 |= b=*

362 =+ c=1

@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ A map.

395

396#### Source

397

398−```hoon

398+```reference

399 +- gas

400 ~/ %gas

401 |* b=(list [p=* q=*])

@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ A unit.

435

436#### Source

437

438−```hoon

438+```reference

439 +- get

440 ~/ %get

441 |= b=*

@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ A noun.

483

484#### Source

485

486−```hoon

486+```reference

487 +- got

488 |* b=*

489 (need (get b))

@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ A flag.

522

523#### Source

524

525−```hoon

525+```reference

526 +- has

527 ~/ %has

528 |* b=*

@@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ A map.

561

562#### Source

563

564−```hoon

564+```reference

565 +- int

566 ~/ %int

567 |* b=_a

@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ A map.

633

634#### Assert and Add

635

636−```hoon

636+```reference

637 +- mar

638 |* [b=_?>(?=(^ a) p.n.a) c=(unit ,_?>(?=(^ a) q.n.a))]

639 ?~ c

@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ A map.

676

677#### Source

678

679−```hoon

679+```reference

680 +- put

681 ~/ %put

682 |* [b=* c=*]

@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ A noun.

737

738#### Source

739

740−```hoon

740+```reference

741 +- rep

742 |* b=_|=([* *] +<+)

743 |-

@@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ A cell of nouns.

772

773#### Source

774

775−```hoon

775+```reference

776 +- rib

777 |* [b=* c=gate]

778 |- ^+ [b a]

@@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ A map.

812

813#### Source

814

815−```hoon

815+```reference

816 +- run

817 |* b=gate

818 |-

@@ -851,7 +851,7 @@ A map.

851

852#### Source

853

854−```hoon

854+```reference

855 +- rut

856 |* b=gate

857 |-

@@ -885,7 +885,7 @@ A list.

885

886#### Source

887

888−```hoon

888+```reference

889 +- tap

890 =< $

891 ~/ %tap

@@ -930,7 +930,7 @@ A map.

930

931#### Source

932

933−```hoon

933+```reference

934 +- uni

935 ~/ %uni

936 |* b=_a

@@ -991,7 +991,7 @@ A noun.

991

992#### Source

993

994−```hoon

994+```reference

995 +- urn

996 |* b=$-({* *} *)

997 |-

@@ -1033,7 +1033,7 @@ An atom.

1033

1034#### Source

1035

1036−```hoon

1036+```reference

1037 +- wyt

1038 |- ^- @

1039 ?~(a 0 +((add $(a l.a) $(a r.a))))

reference/library/2o.md+10−10

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Mold generator. A `jar` is a `map` of `list`.

10

11#### Source

12

13−```hoon

13+```reference

14 ++ jar |*([a=mold b=mold] (map a (list b)))

15```

16

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Mold generator. A `jar` is a `map` of `list`.

38

39#### Discussion

40

41−See also: [`ja`](@/docs/hoon/library/2j.md), [`by`](@/docs/hoon/library/2i.md), [`map`](@/docs/hoon/library/2i.md), [`list`](@/docs/hoon/library/2b.md)

41+See also: [`ja`](@/docs/reference/library/2j.md), [`by`](@/docs/reference/library/2i.md), [`map`](@/docs/reference/library/2i.md), [`list`](@/docs/reference/library/2b.md)

42

43---

44### `++jug`

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Mold generator. A `jug` is a `map` of `set`.

47

48#### Source

49

50−```hoon

50+```reference

51 ++ jug |*([a=mold b=mold] (map a (set b)))

52```

53

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ Mold generator. A `jug` is a `map` of `set`.

78

79#### Discussion

80

81−See also: [`ja`](@/docs/hoon/library/2j.md), [`by`](@/docs/hoon/library/2i.md), [`set`](@/docs/hoon/library/2h.md)

81+See also: [`ja`](@/docs/reference/library/2j.md), [`by`](@/docs/reference/library/2i.md), [`set`](@/docs/reference/library/2h.md)

82

83---

84### `++map`

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ key-value pairs.

91

92#### Source

93

94−```hoon

94+```reference

95 ++ map |* [a=mold b=mold]

96 %+ cork (tree (pair a b))

97 |= c=(tree (pair a b)) ^+ c

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ key-value pairs.

111

112#### Discussion

113

114−See also: [`by`](@/docs/hoon/library/2i.md)

114+See also: [`by`](@/docs/reference/library/2i.md)

115

116---

117### `++qeu`

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ items.

123

124#### Source

125

126−```hoon

126+```reference

127 ++ qeu |*(a=mold (tree a))

128```

129

@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ items.

148

149#### Discussion

150

151−See also: [`qeu`](@/docs/hoon/library/2k.md)

151+See also: [`qeu`](@/docs/reference/library/2k.md)

152

153---

154### `++set`

@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ items.

160

161#### Source

162

163−```hoon

163+```reference

164 ++ set |* a=mold

165 %+ cork (tree a)

166 |= b=(tree a) ^+ b

@@ -182,6 +182,6 @@ items.

182

183#### Discussion

184

185−See also: [`in`](@/docs/hoon/library/2h.md)

185+See also: [`in`](@/docs/reference/library/2h.md)

186

187---

reference/library/2q.md+13−13

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ consume `tape`s, which are lists of `char`.

14

15#### Source

16

17−```hoon

17+```reference

18 ++ char @tD

19```

20

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ atom of UTF-8 text.

38

39#### Source

40

41−```hoon

41+```reference

42 ++ cord @t

43```

44

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ atom of UTF-8 text.

66Aura `@t` designates a Unicode atom, little-endian: the first character

67in the text is the least-significant byte.

68

69−[`trip`](@/docs/hoon/library/4b.md) converts from `cord` to `tape`, and [`crip`](@/docs/hoon/library/4b.md) converts

69+[`trip`](@/docs/reference/library/4b.md) converts from `cord` to `tape`, and [`crip`](@/docs/reference/library/4b.md) converts

70from `tape` to `cord`.

71

72

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ which is a day atom and a time.

81

82#### Source

83

84−```hoon

84+```reference

85 ++ date [[a=? y=@ud] m=@ud t=tarp]

86```

87

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ which is a day atom and a time.

101

102#### Discussion

103

104−See also: [`year`](@/docs/hoon/library/3c.md), [`yore`](@/docs/hoon/library/3c.md)

104+See also: [`year`](@/docs/reference/library/3c.md), [`yore`](@/docs/reference/library/3c.md)

105

106---

107### `++knot`

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ An atom type that only permits ASCII characters.

112

113#### Source

114

115−```hoon

115+```reference

116

117 ++ knot @ta

118```

@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ traces.

137

138#### Source

139

140−```hoon

140+```reference

141 ++ tang (list tank)

142```

143

@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ without back-steps at new lines.

173

174#### Source

175

176−```hoon

176+```reference

177 ++ tank $% [$leaf p=tape]

178 $: $palm

179 p=[p=tape q=tape r=tape s=tape]

@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ One of Hoon's two string types, the other being `++cord`. A tape is a list of

227

228#### Source

229

230−```hoon

230+```reference

231 ++ tape (list @tD)

232```

233

@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ for precision.

260

261#### Source

262

263−```hoon

263+```reference

264 ++ tarp [d=@ud h=@ud m=@ud s=@ud f=(list @ux)]

265```

266

@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ special syntax, `$`.

295

296#### Source

297

298−```hoon

298+```reference

299 ++ term @tas

300```

301

@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ A list of `cord`s. A `wain` is used instead of a single `cord` with `\n`.

326

327#### Source

328

329−```hoon

329+```reference

330 ++ wain (list cord)

331```

332

@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ A list of `tape`s. `wall` is used instead of a single `tape` with `\n`.

349

350#### Source

351

352−```hoon

352+```reference

353 ++ wall (list tape)

354```

355#### Examples

reference/library/3d.md+17−17

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ An atom.

21

22#### Source

23

24−```hoon

24+```reference

25 ++ shad |=(ruz=@ (shax (shax ruz)))

26```

27

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ An atom.

38

39Half SHA-256

40

41−Produces a 128-bit atom by performing the [bitwise XOR](@/docs/hoon/library/2d.md) on the

41+Produces a 128-bit atom by performing the [bitwise XOR](@/docs/reference/library/2d.md) on the

42first and last halves of the 256-bit salted hash `shas`.

43

44#### Accepts

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ first and last halves of the 256-bit salted hash `shas`.

49

50#### Source

51

52−```hoon

52+```reference

53 ++ shaf :: half sha-256

54 |= [sal=@ ruz=@]

55 =+ haz=(shas sal ruz)

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ An atom.

88

89#### Source

90

91−```hoon

91+```reference

92 ++ shal

93 ~/ %shal

94 |= [len=@ ruz=@] ^- @

@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ An atom.

243

244#### Source

245

246−```hoon

246+```reference

247 ++ sham

248 |= yux=* ^- @uvH ^- @

249 ?@ yux

@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ An atom.

279

280#### Source

281

282−```hoon

282+```reference

283 ++ shan

284 |= ruz=@

285 =+ [few==>(fe .(a 5)) wac=|=([a=@ b=@] (cut 5 [a 1] b))]

@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ SHA-1 is a deprecated function; it is not considered secure.

363

364Salted hash

365

366−Produces an atom by using SHA-256 plus a salt input. The [bitwise XOR](@/docs/hoon/library/2d.md)

366+Produces an atom by using SHA-256 plus a salt input. The [bitwise XOR](@/docs/reference/library/2d.md)

367is performed on `sal` and the product of `ruz` hashed with SHA-256. The product

368of that logical operation is then itself hashed with SHA-256.

369

@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ of that logical operation is then itself hashed with SHA-256.

375

376#### Source

377

378−```hoon

378+```reference

379 ++ shas

380 |= [sal=@ ruz=@]

381 (shax (mix sal (shax ruz)))

@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ An atom.

412

413#### Source

414

415−```hoon

415+```reference

416 ++ shaw

417 |= [sal=@ len=@ ruz=@]

418 (~(raw og (shas sal (mix len ruz))) len)

@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ Produces an atom by hashing an atom `ruz` with SHA-256.

437

438#### Sources

439

440−```hoon

440+```reference

441 ++ shax

442 ~/ %shax

443 |= ruz=@ ^- @

@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ the byte-length of the theoretical buffer represented by the atom.

469

470#### Source

471

472−```hoon

472+```reference

473 ++ shay

474 ~/ %shay

475 |= [len=@u ruz=@] ^- @

@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ An atom.

594

595#### Source

596

597−```hoon

597+```reference

598 ++ shaz

599 |= ruz=@ ^- @

600 (shal [(met 3 ruz) ruz])

@@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ A core.

626

627#### Source

628

629−```hoon

629+```reference

630 ++ og

631 ~/ %og

632 |_ a=@

@@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ An atom.

663

664#### Source

665

666−```hoon

666+```reference

667 ++ rad

668 |= b=@ ^- @

669 =+ c=(raw (met 0 b))

@@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ A cell.

705

706#### Source

707

708−```hoon

708+```reference

709 ++ rads

710 |= b=@

711 =+ r=(rad b)

@@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ An atom.

748

749#### Source

750

751−```hoon

751+```reference

752 ++ raw

753 ~/ %raw

754 |= b=@ ^- @

@@ -791,7 +791,7 @@ parent core with `(raw b)`.

791

792#### Source

793

794−```hoon

794+```reference

795 ++ raws

796 |= b=@

797 =+ r=(raw b)

reference/library/3f.md+20−20

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Used in the `@p` phonetic base.

13

14#### Source

15

16−```hoon

16+```reference

17 ++ un

18 |%

19```

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ An atom.

37

38#### Source

39

40−```hoon

40+```reference

41 ++ wren

42 |= pyn=@ ^- @

43 =+ len=(met 3 pyn)

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ An atom.

89

90#### Source

91

92−```hoon

92+```reference

93 ++ wred

94 |= cry=@ ^- @

95 =+ len=(met 3 cry)

@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ An atom.

142

143#### Source

144

145−```hoon

145+```reference

146 ++ xafo |=([a=@ b=@] +((mod (add (dec b) a) 255)))

147```

148

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ An atom.

179

180#### Source

181

182−```hoon

182+```reference

183 ++ xaro |=([a=@ b=@] +((mod (add (dec b) (sub 255 (mod a 255))) 255)))

184```

185

@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ An atom.

214

215#### Source

216

217−```hoon

217+```reference

218 ++ zaft

219 |= a=@D

220 =+ ^= b

@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ An atom.

266

267#### Source

268

269−```hoon

269+```reference

270 ++ zart :: reverse 255-sbox

271 |= a=@D

272 =+ ^= b

@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ An atom.

316

317#### Source

318

319−```hoon

319+```reference

320 ++ zyft :: forward 256-sbox

321 |= a=@D

322 =+ ^= b

@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ An atom.

369

370#### Source

371

372−```hoon

372+```reference

373 ++ zyrt :: reverse 256-sbox

374 |= a=@D

375 =+ ^= b

@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ An atom.

408

409Reversible scrambling, v2

410

411−```hoon

411+```reference

412 ++ ob

413 |%

414```

@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ An atom.

435

436#### Source

437

438−```hoon

438+```reference

439 ++ feen

440 |= pyn=@ ^- @

441 ?: &((gte pyn 0x1.0000) (lte pyn 0xffff.ffff))

@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ An atom.

485

486#### Source

487

488−```hoon

488+```reference

489 ++ fend

490 |= cry=@ ^- @

491 ?: &((gte cry 0x1.0000) (lte cry 0xffff.ffff))

@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ An atom.

538

539#### Source

540

541−```hoon

541+```reference

542 ++ fice :: adapted from

543 |= nor=@ :: black and rogaway

544 ^- @ :: "ciphers with

@@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ An atom.

581

582#### Source

583

584−```hoon

584+```reference

585 ++ teil :: reverse ++fice

586 |= vip=@

587 ^- @

@@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ An atom.

610

611Reverse Feistel-like cipher

612

613−A single round of the Feistel-like cipher `fice`. AES ([`aesc`](@/docs/hoon/library/3f.md)) is

613+A single round of the Feistel-like cipher `fice`. AES ([`aesc`](@/docs/reference/library/3f.md)) is

614used as the round function. The inverse of `rund`.

615

616#### Accepts

@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ A cell of two atoms.

627

628#### Source

629

630−```hoon

630+```reference

631 ++ rynd

632 |= [n=@ l=@ r=@]

633 ^- [@ @]

@@ -652,7 +652,7 @@ A cell of two atoms.

652

653Reverse single Feistel-like

654

655−A single round of the Feistel-like reverse cipher `teil`. AES ([`aesc`](@/docs/hoon/library/3f.md))

655+A single round of the Feistel-like reverse cipher `teil`. AES ([`aesc`](@/docs/reference/library/3f.md))

656is used as the round function. The inverse of `rynd`.

657

658#### Accepts

@@ -669,7 +669,7 @@ A cell of two atoms.

669

670#### Source

671

672−```hoon

672+```reference

673 ++ rund

674 |= [n=@ l=@ r=@]

675 ^- [@ @]

@@ -694,7 +694,7 @@ A cell of two atoms.

694

695Key list

696

697−Produces a list of arbitrary hexademical keys for use with [`aesc`](@/docs/hoon/library/3f.md).

697+Produces a list of arbitrary hexademical keys for use with [`aesc`](@/docs/reference/library/3f.md).

698

699#### Produces

700

@@ -702,7 +702,7 @@ A list of atoms of aura `@ux` (hexadecimal).

702

703#### Source

704

705−```hoon

705+```reference

706 ++ raku

707 ^- (list @ux)

708 :~ 0xb76d.5eed

reference/library/3g.md+17−17

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ and printed using `++so` and `++co` cores.

14

15#### Source

16

17−```hoon

17+```reference

18 ++ coin $% [$$ p=dime]

19 [$blob p=*]

20 [$many p=(list coin)]

@@ -52,14 +52,14 @@ and printed using `++so` and `++co` cores.

52

53Aura-atom pair

54

55−Used in `++coin`. Convenience methods [`++scot`](@/docs/hoon/library/4m.md) and

55+Used in `++coin`. Convenience methods [`++scot`](@/docs/reference/library/4m.md) and

56−[`++scow`](@/docs/hoon/library/4m.md) print dimes as `++cord` and `++tape`, respectively.

56+[`++scow`](@/docs/reference/library/4m.md) print dimes as `++cord` and `++tape`, respectively.

57−[`++slat`](@/docs/hoon/library/4m.md), [`++slav`](@/docs/hoon/library/4m.md), and [`++slaw`](@/docs/hoon/library/4m.md) are used

57+[`++slat`](@/docs/reference/library/4m.md), [`++slav`](@/docs/reference/library/4m.md), and [`++slaw`](@/docs/reference/library/4m.md) are used

58to parse atoms of specific auras.

59

60#### Source

61

62−```hoon

62+```reference

63 ++ dime [p=@ta q=@]

64```

65

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ Optional result `p` and parsing continuation `q`.

79

80#### Source

81

82−```hoon

82+```reference

83 ++ hair [p=@ud q=@ud]

84```

85

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ Optional result `p` and parsing continuation `q`.

95

96#### Discussion

97

98−See also: [Section 2e](@/docs/hoon/library/2e.md), `++rule`

98+See also: [Section 2e](@/docs/reference/library/2e.md), `++rule`

99

100

101---

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ A pair of two `@ud` used in parsing indicating line and column number.

107

108#### Source

109

110−```hoon

110+```reference

111 ++ hair [p=@ud q=@ud]

112```

113

@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ Generates an `++edge` with a parsed result set to a specific type.

136

137#### Source

138

139−```hoon

139+```reference

140 ++ like |* a=gate

141 |= b=_`*`[(hair) ~]

142 :- p=(hair -.b)

@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ Indicates parsing position `p`, and remaining text to be parsed `q`.

170

171#### Source

172

173−```hoon

173+```reference

174 ++ nail [p=hair q=tape]

175```

176

@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ A list of `++knot`s. `++knot` is another name for `@ta`.

190

191#### Source

192

193−```hoon

193+```reference

194 ++ path (list knot)

195```

196

@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ stack traces.

215

216#### Source

217

218−```hoon

218+```reference

219 ++ pint [p=[p=@ q=@] q=[p=@ q=@]]

220```

221

@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ An empty parsing rule, but used to check that parsing rules match this with `_`.

240

241#### Source

242

243−```hoon

243+```reference

244 ++ rule _|=(nail *edge)

245```

246

@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ The stack trace that is printed after crashing.

260

261#### Source

262

263−```hoon

263+```reference

264 ++ spot [p=path q=pint]

265```

266

@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ or failure with an error report (`%2`).

283

284#### Source

285

286−```hoon

286+```reference

287 ++ tone $% [$0 p=*] :: success

288 [$1 p=(list)] :: blocks

289 [$2 p=(list [@ta *])] :: error report

@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ or failure with a stack trace (`%2`).

331

332#### Source

333

334−```hoon

334+```reference

335 ++ toon $% [$0 p=*] :: success

336 [$1 p=(list)] :: blocks

337 [$2 p=(list tank)] :: stack trace

@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ Pull result out of a `++edge`, or crash if there's no result.

357

358#### Source

359

360−```hoon

360+```reference

361 ++ wonk |*(veq=edge ?~(q.veq !! p.u.q.veq))

362```

363

reference/library/4h.md+34−34

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 32, space.

12

13#### Source

14

15−```hoon

15+```reference

16 ++ ace (just ' ')

17```

18

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 124, the vertical bar.

43

44#### Source

45

46−```hoon

46+```reference

47 ++ bar (just '|')

48```

49

@@ -70,12 +70,12 @@ Parses ASCII character 124, the vertical bar.

70Parse backslash

71

72Parses ASCII character 92, the backslash. Note the extra `\` in the calling of

73−`bas` with [`++just`](@/docs/hoon/library/4f.md) is to escape the escape

73+`bas` with [`++just`](@/docs/reference/library/4f.md) is to escape the escape

74character, `\`.

75

76#### Source

77

78−```hoon

78+```reference

79 ++ bas (just '\\')

80```

81

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 36, the dollar sign.

108

109#### Source

110

111−```hoon

111+```reference

112 ++ buc (just '$')

113```

114

@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 95, the underscore.

138

139#### Source

140

141−```hoon

141+```reference

142 ++ cab (just '_')

143```

144

@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 37, the percent sign.

168

169#### Source

170

171−```hoon

171+```reference

172 ++ cen (just '%')

173```

174

@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 58, the colon

198

199#### Source

200

201−```hoon

201+```reference

202 ++ col (just ':')

203```

204

@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 44, the comma.

227

228#### Source

229

230−```hoon

230+```reference

231 ++ com (just ',')

232```

233

@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 34, the double quote.

257

258#### Source

259

260−```hoon

260+```reference

261 ++ doq (just '"')

262```

263

@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 46, the period.

292

293#### Source

294

295−```hoon

295+```reference

296 ++ dot (just '.')

297```

298

@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 47, the forward slash.

322

323#### Source

324

325−```hoon

325+```reference

326 ++ fas (just '/')

327```

328

@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 60, the less-than sign.

349

350#### Source

351

352−```hoon

352+```reference

353 ++ gal (just '<')

354```

355

@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 62, the greater-than sign.

379

380#### Source

381

382−```hoon

382+```reference

383 ++ gar (just '>')

384```

385

@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 35, the number sign.

409

410#### Source

411

412−```hoon

412+```reference

413 ++ hax (just '#')

414```

415

@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 45, the hyphen.

436

437#### Source

438

439−```hoon

439+```reference

440 ++ hep (just '-')

441```

442

@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ interpolation. To parse either of them, they must be escaped.

465

466#### Source

467

468−```hoon

468+```reference

469 ++ kel (just '{')

470```

471

@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ interpolation. To parse either of them, they must be escaped.

494

495#### Source

496

497−```hoon

497+```reference

498 ++ ker (just '}')

499```

500

@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 94, the caret.

521

522#### Source

523

524−```hoon

524+```reference

525 ++ ket (just '^')

526```

527

@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 43, the plus sign.

547

548#### Source

549

550−```hoon

550+```reference

551 ++ lus (just '+')

552```

553

@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 38, the ampersand.

577

578#### Source

579

580−```hoon

580+```reference

581 ++ pam (just '&')

582```

583

@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 64, the "at" sign.

607

608#### Source

609

610−```hoon

610+```reference

611 ++ pat (just '@')

612```

613

@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 40, the left parenthesis.

637

638#### Source

639

640−```hoon

640+```reference

641 ++ pel (just '(')

642```

643

@@ -664,7 +664,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 41, the right parenthesis.

664

665#### Source

666

667−```hoon

667+```reference

668 ++ per (just ')')

669```

670

@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 91, the left square bracket.

691

692#### Source

693

694−```hoon

694+```reference

695 ++ sel (just '[')

696```

697

@@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 59, the semicolon.

718

719#### Source

720

721−```hoon

721+```reference

722 ++ sem (just ';')

723```

724

@@ -745,7 +745,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 93, the right square bracket.

745

746#### Source

747

748−```hoon

748+```reference

749 ++ ser (just ']')

750```

751

@@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 126, the tilde.

772

773#### Source

774

775−```hoon

775+```reference

776 ++ sig (just '~')

777```

778

@@ -800,7 +800,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 39, soq. Note the extra '' is to escape the first

800

801#### Source

802

803−```hoon

803+```reference

804 ++ soq (just '\'')

805```

806

@@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 42, the asterisk.

827

828#### Source

829

830−```hoon

830+```reference

831 ++ tar (just '*')

832```

833

@@ -858,7 +858,7 @@ accent").

858

859#### Source

860

861−```hoon

861+```reference

862 ++ tec (just '`') :: backTiCk

863```

864

@@ -888,7 +888,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 61, the equals sign.

888

889#### Source

890

891−```hoon

891+```reference

892 ++ tis (just '=')

893```

894

@@ -914,7 +914,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 63, the question mark.

914

915#### Source

916

917−```hoon

917+```reference

918 ++ wut (just '?')

919```

920

@@ -941,7 +941,7 @@ Parses ASCII character 33, the exclamation point zap.

941

942#### Source

943

944−```hoon

944+```reference

945 ++ zap (just '!')

946```

947

tutorials/nock/implementations.md+1−1

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ We use a C implementation for our Nock interpreter. But building a Nock interpre

34

35The actual production Nock interpreter. Note gotos for tail-call elimination,

36and manual reference counting. More about the C environment can be found

37−in the [runtime system documentation](@/docs/vere/runtime.md).

37+in the [runtime system documentation](@/docs/learn/vere/runtime.md).

38```

39/* _n_nock_on(): produce .*(bus fol). Do not virtualize.

40*/