diff --git a/g/a.c b/g/a.c
index c7f7e587aa..fc1ccd281d 100644
--- a/g/a.c
+++ b/g/a.c
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ _box_attach(u3_cs_box* box_u)
 {
   c3_assert(box_u->siz_w >= (1 + c3_wiseof(u3_cs_fbox)));
 
-  u3R->fre_w += box_u->siz_w;
+  u3R->all.fre_w += box_u->siz_w;
   {
     c3_w sel_w         = _box_slot(box_u->siz_w);
     u3_cs_fbox* fre_u  = (void *)box_u;
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ _box_detach(u3_cs_box* box_u)
   u3_cs_fbox* pre_u = fre_u->pre_u;
   u3_cs_fbox* nex_u = fre_u->nex_u;
 
-  u3R->fre_w -= box_u->siz_w;
+  u3R->all.fre_w -= box_u->siz_w;
 
   if ( nex_u ) {
     c3_assert(nex_u->pre_u == fre_u);
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ _box_detach(u3_cs_box* box_u)
   }
 }
 
-/* _me_road_all_hat(): in u3R, allocate directly on the hat_w.
+/* _me_road_all_hat(): in u3R, allocate directly on the hat.
 */
 static c3_w*
 _me_road_all_hat(c3_w len_w)
@@ -652,10 +652,10 @@ _me_copy_south(u3_noun dog)
   }
 }
 
-/* _me_gain_north(): gain on a north road.
+/* _me_take_north(): take on a north road.
 */
 static u3_noun
-_me_gain_north(u3_noun dog)
+_me_take_north(u3_noun dog)
 {
   if ( u3_yes == u3_co_north_is_senior(dog) ) {
     /*  senior pointers are not refcounted
@@ -678,10 +678,32 @@ _me_gain_north(u3_noun dog)
   }
 }
 
-/* _me_gain_south(): gain on a south road.
+/* _me_gain_north(): gain on a north road.
 */
 static u3_noun
-_me_gain_south(u3_noun dog)
+_me_gain_north(u3_noun dog)
+{
+  if ( u3_yes == u3_co_north_is_senior(dog) ) {
+    /*  senior pointers are not refcounted
+    */
+    return dog;
+  }
+  else {
+    /* junior nouns are disallowed
+    */
+    c3_assert(u3_ne(u3_co_north_is_junior(dog)));
+
+    /* normal pointers are refcounted
+    */
+    _me_gain_use(dog);
+    return dog;
+  }
+}
+
+/* _me_take_south(): take on a south road.
+*/
+static u3_noun
+_me_take_south(u3_noun dog)
 {
   if ( u3_yes == u3_co_south_is_senior(dog) ) {
     /*  senior pointers are not refcounted
@@ -704,6 +726,28 @@ _me_gain_south(u3_noun dog)
   }
 }
 
+/* _me_gain_south(): gain on a south road.
+*/
+static u3_noun
+_me_gain_south(u3_noun dog)
+{
+  if ( u3_yes == u3_co_south_is_senior(dog) ) {
+    /*  senior pointers are not refcounted
+    */
+    return dog;
+  }
+  else {
+    /* junior nouns are disallowed
+    */
+    c3_assert(u3_ne(u3_co_south_is_junior(dog)));
+
+    /* normal nouns are refcounted
+    */
+    _me_gain_use(dog);
+    return dog;
+  }
+}
+
 /* _me_lose_north(): lose on a north road.
 */
 static void
@@ -784,7 +828,24 @@ top:
   }
 }
 
-/* u3_ca_gain(): gain a reference count, and/or copy juniors.
+/* u3_ca_take(): gain, copying juniors.
+*/
+u3_noun
+u3_ca_take(u3_noun som)
+{
+  c3_assert(u3_none != som);
+
+  if ( u3_so(u3_co_is_cat(som)) ) {
+    return som;
+  }
+  else {
+    return u3_so(u3_co_is_north)
+              ? _me_take_north(som)
+              : _me_take_south(som);
+  }
+}
+
+/* u3_ca_gain(): gain a reference count in normal space.
 */
 u3_noun
 u3_ca_gain(u3_noun som)
diff --git a/g/m.c b/g/m.c
index 8ddbe7e784..214d63d55b 100644
--- a/g/m.c
+++ b/g/m.c
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ _find_north(c3_w* mem_w, c3_w siz_w, c3_w len_w)
   return (void *) ((mem_w + len_w) - siz_w);
 }
 
+#if 0
 /* _find_south(): in restored image, point to a south home.
 */
 static u3_road*
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ _find_south(c3_w* mem_w, c3_w siz_w, c3_w len_w)
 {
   return (void *)(mem_w + siz_w);
 }
+#endif
 
 static u3_road*
 _boot_north(c3_w* mem_w, c3_w siz_w, c3_w len_w)
@@ -174,6 +176,7 @@ u3_cm_dump(void)
   }
 }
 
+#if 0
 /* _cm_punt(): crudely print trace.
 */
 static void
@@ -185,6 +188,7 @@ _cm_punt(void)
     u3_cm_p("&", u3h(xat));
   }
 }
+#endif
 
 /* u3_cm_bail(): bail out.  Does not return.
 **
@@ -207,7 +211,7 @@ _cm_punt(void)
 **    ==
 */ 
 c3_i
-u3_cm_bail(u2_noun how)
+u3_cm_bail(u3_noun how)
 {
   /* Printf some metadata.
   */
@@ -215,10 +219,10 @@ u3_cm_bail(u2_noun how)
     if ( u3_so(u3ud(how)) ) {
       c3_c str_c[5];
 
-      str_c[0] = ((how_m >> 0) & 0xff);
-      str_c[1] = ((how_m >> 8) & 0xff);
-      str_c[2] = ((how_m >> 16) & 0xff);
-      str_c[3] = ((how_m >> 24) & 0xff);
+      str_c[0] = ((how >> 0) & 0xff);
+      str_c[1] = ((how >> 8) & 0xff);
+      str_c[2] = ((how >> 16) & 0xff);
+      str_c[3] = ((how >> 24) & 0xff);
       str_c[4] = 0;
       printf("bail: %s (at %llu)\r\n", str_c, u3N);
     } 
@@ -251,7 +255,7 @@ u3_cm_bail(u2_noun how)
  
   /* Longjmp, with an underscore.
   */
-  _longjmp(u3R->esc.buf, how_m);
+  _longjmp(u3R->esc.buf, how);
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -269,27 +273,68 @@ u3_cm_error(c3_c* str_c)
 /* u3_cm_leap(): in u3R, create a new road within the existing one.
 */
 void
-u3_cm_leap()
+u3_cm_leap(c3_w pad_w)
 {
+  c3_w     len_w;
   u3_road* rod_u;
 
-  if ( u3_yes == u3_co_is_north ) {
-    rod_u = _boot_south(u3R->hat_w, 
-                        c3_wiseof(u3_cs_road), 
-                        (u3R->cap_w - u3R->hat_w));
-  } 
-  else {
-    rod_u = _boot_north(u3R->cap_w, 
-                        c3_wiseof(u3_cs_road),
-                        (u3R->hat_w - u3R->cap_w));
+  /* Measure the pad - we'll need it.
+  */
+  {
+    if ( pad_w < u3R->all.fre_w ) {
+      pad_w = 0;
+    } 
+    else {
+      pad_w -= u3R->all.fre_w;
+    }
+    if ( (pad_w + c3_wiseof(u3_cs_road)) <= u3_co_open ) {
+      u3_cm_bail(c3__meme);
+    }
+    len_w = u3_co_open - (pad_w + c3_wiseof(u3_cs_road));
   }
 
-  c3_assert(0 == u3R->kid_u);
-  rod_u->par_u = u3R;
-  u3R->kid_u = rod_u;
+  /* Allocate a region on the cap.
+  */
+  {
+    c3_w* bot_w;
 
-  u3R = rod_u;
-  _boot_parts();
+    if ( u3_yes == u3_co_is_north ) {
+      bot_w = (u3R->cap_w - len_w);
+      u3R->cap_w -= len_w;
+
+      rod_u = _boot_south(bot_w, c3_wiseof(u3_cs_road), len_w);
+      printf("leap: from north %p (cap %p), to south %p\r\n",
+              u3R,
+              u3R->cap_w + len_w,
+              rod_u); 
+    }
+    else {
+      bot_w = u3R->cap_w;
+      u3R->cap_w += len_w;
+
+      rod_u = _boot_north(bot_w, c3_wiseof(u3_cs_road), len_w);
+
+      printf("leap: from north %p (cap %p), to south %p\r\n",
+              u3R,
+              u3R->cap_w - len_w,
+              rod_u); 
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Attach the new road to its parents.
+  */
+  {
+    c3_assert(0 == u3R->kid_u);
+    rod_u->par_u = u3R;
+    u3R->kid_u = rod_u;
+  }
+
+  /* Set up the new road.
+  */
+  {
+    u3R = rod_u;
+    _boot_parts();
+  }
 }
 
 /* u3_cm_fall(): in u3R, return an inner road to its parent.
@@ -299,8 +344,22 @@ u3_cm_fall()
 {
   c3_assert(0 != u3R->par_u);
 
+  printf("leap: from %s %p, to %s %p (cap %p, was %p)\r\n",
+          u3_so(u3_co_is_north) ? "north" : "south",
+          u3R,
+          u3_so(u3_co_is_north) ? "north" : "south",
+          u3R->par_u,
+          u3R->hat_w,
+          u3R->rut_w);
+
+  /* The new cap is the old hat - it's as simple as that.
+  */
   u3R->par_u->cap_w = u3R->hat_w;
+
+  /* And, we're back home.
+  */
   u3R = u3R->par_u;
+  u3R->kid_u = 0;
 }
 
 /* u3_cm_golf(): record cap_w length for u3_flog().
@@ -339,7 +398,7 @@ u3_cm_water(c3_w* low_w, c3_w* hig_w)
   *hig_w = (u3H->rod_u.mat_w - u3H->rod_u.cap_w) + c3_wiseof(u3_cs_home);
 }
 
-/* u3_cm_soft_top(): top-level wrapper.
+/* u3_cm_soft_top(): top-level safety wrapper.
 */
 u3_noun 
 u3_cm_soft_top(c3_w    pad_w,
@@ -387,7 +446,7 @@ u3_cm_soft_top(c3_w    pad_w,
 
     /* Produce success, on the old road.
     */
-    pro = u3nc(0, u3k(pro));
+    pro = u3nc(0, u3_ca_take(pro));
   }
   else {
     /* Test stack correctness assertions, and restore.
@@ -405,11 +464,11 @@ u3_cm_soft_top(c3_w    pad_w,
 
     /* Produce the error result.
     */
-    pro = u3k(why);
+    pro = u3_ca_take(why);
   }
   /* Clean up temporary memory.
   */
-  u3_cm_golf(gof_w);
+  u3_cm_flog(gof_w);
 
   /* Return the product.
   */
@@ -424,20 +483,9 @@ u3_cm_soft_run(u3_noun fly,
                u3_noun aga,
                u3_noun agb)
 {
-  u3_noun why, don, flu, tax, pro;
+  u3_noun why, pro;
   c3_w    gof_w;
  
-  /* Record all stacks; clear the trace; push the fly.
-  */
-  {
-    don = u3R->pro.don;
-    flu = u3R->ski.flu;
-    tax = u3R->bug.tax;
-
-    u3R->bug.tax = 0;
-    u3R->ski.flu = u3nc(fly, u3k(flu));
-  }
-
   /* Record the cap, and leap.
   */
   {
@@ -445,43 +493,28 @@ u3_cm_soft_run(u3_noun fly,
     u3_cm_leap(32768);
   }
  
+  /* Configure the new road.
+  */
+  {
+    u3R->ski.flu = u3nc(fly, u3R->par_u->ski.flu);
+    u3R->pro.don = u3R->par_u->pro.don;
+    u3R->bug.tax = 0;
+  }
+
   /* Trap for exceptions.
   */
   if ( 0 == (why = u3_cm_trap()) ) {
     u3_noun pro = fun_f(aga, agb);
 
-    /* Test stack correctness assertions, and restore.
-    */
-    {
-      c3_assert(0 == u3R->bug.tax);           //  trace is clean
-      c3_assert(flu == u3t(u3R->ski.flu));    //  namespaces are clean
-      c3_assert(don == u3R->pro.don);         //  profile is clean
-
-      u3R->bug.tax = tax;                     //  restore trace
-      u3z(u3R->ski.flu);                      //  free namespace stack
-      u3R->ski.flu = flu;                     //  reset namespaces
-    }
-
     /* Fall back to the old road, leaving temporary memory intact.
     */
     u3_cm_fall();
 
     /* Produce success, on the old road.
     */
-    pro = u3nc(0, u3k(pro));
+    pro = u3nc(0, u3_ca_take(pro));
   }
   else {
-    /* Test stack correctness assertions, and restore.
-    */
-    {
-      c3_assert(flu == u3t(u3R->ski.flu));    //  namespaces are clean
-
-      u3R->pro.don = don;                     //  restore profile
-      u3R->bug.tax = tax;                     //  restore trace
-      u3z(u3R->ski.flu);                      //  free namespace stack
-      u3R->ski.flu = flu;                     //  reset namespaces
-    }
-
     /* Fall back to the old road, leaving temporary memory intact.
     */
     u3_cm_fall();
@@ -494,57 +527,62 @@ u3_cm_soft_run(u3_noun fly,
         default: c3_assert(0); return 0;
 
         case 0: {                             //  unusual: bail with success.
-          pro = u3k(why);
+          pro = u3_ca_take(why);
         } break;
 
         case 1: {                             //  blocking request
-          pro = u3k(why);
+          pro = u3_ca_take(why);
         } break;
 
         case 2: {                             //  true exit
-          pro = u3k(why);
+          pro = u3_ca_take(why);
         } break;
 
-        case 3: {                             //  super-exit; rebail
+        case 3: {                             //  failure; rebail w/trace
           u3_cm_bail
             (u3nt(3, 
-                  u3h(u3t(why)),
-                  u3_ckb_weld(u3t(u3t(why)), u3k(tax)));
+                  u3_ca_take(u3h(u3t(why))),
+                  u3_ckb_weld(u3_ca_take(u3t(u3t(why))),
+                              u3k(u3R->bug.tax))));
         } break;
 
         case 4: {                             //  meta-bail
-          u3_cm_bail(u3t(why));
+          u3_cm_bail(u3_ca_take(u3t(why)));
         } break;
       }
     }
   }
+
   /* Clean up temporary memory.
   */
-  u3_cm_golf(gof_w);
+  u3_cm_flog(gof_w);
+
+  /* Release the arguments.
+  */
+  {
+    u3z(fly);
+    u3z(aga);
+    u3z(agb);
+  }
 
   /* Return the product.
   */
   return pro;
 }
 
-/* u3_cm_nock_soft_esc(): compute with fly.
+/* u3_cm_soft_esc(): namespace lookup.  Produces direct result.
 */
 u3_noun
-u3_cm_nock_soft_esc(u3_noun sam)
+u3_cm_soft_esc(u3_noun sam)
 {
-  u3_noun why, don, flu, tax, pro;
+  u3_noun why, fly, pro;
   c3_w    gof_w;
  
-  /* Record all stacks; clear the trace; pop the fly.
+  /* Assert preconditions. 
   */
-  c3_assert(0 != u3R->ski.flu);
   {
-    don = u3R->pro.don;
-    flu = u3R->ski.flu;
-    tax = u3R->bug.tax;
-
-    u3R->bug.tax = 0;
-    u3R->ski.flu = u3k(u3t(flu));
+    c3_assert(0 != u3R->ski.flu);
+    fly = u3h(u3R->ski.flu);
   }
 
   /* Record the cap, and leap.
@@ -554,22 +592,18 @@ u3_cm_nock_soft_esc(u3_noun sam)
     u3_cm_leap(32768);
   }
  
+  /* Configure the new road.
+  */
+  {
+    u3R->ski.flu = u3t(u3R->par_u->ski.flu);
+    u3R->pro.don = u3R->par_u->pro.don;
+    u3R->bug.tax = 0;
+  }
+
   /* Trap for exceptions.
   */
   if ( 0 == (why = u3_cm_trap()) ) {
-    u3_noun pro = fun_f(aga, agb);
-
-    /* Test stack correctness assertions, and restore.
-    */
-    {
-      c3_assert(0 == u3R->bug.tax);           //  trace is clean
-      c3_assert(u3t(flu) == u3R->ski.flu);    //  namespaces are clean
-      c3_assert(don == u3R->pro.don);         //  profile is clean
-
-      u3R->bug.tax = tax;                     //  restore trace
-      u3z(u3R->ski.flu);                      //  free namespace stack
-      u3R->ski.flu = flu;                     //  reset namespaces
-    }
+    pro = u3_cn_slam_on(fly, sam);
 
     /* Fall back to the old road, leaving temporary memory intact.
     */
@@ -577,39 +611,51 @@ u3_cm_nock_soft_esc(u3_noun sam)
 
     /* Produce success, on the old road.
     */
-    pro = u3nc(0, u3k(pro));
+    pro = u3_ca_take(pro);
   }
   else {
-    /* Test stack correctness assertions, and restore.
-    */
-    {
-      c3_assert(flu == u3t(u3R->ski.flu));    //  namespaces are clean
-
-      u3R->pro.don = don;                     //  restore profile
-      u3R->bug.tax = tax;                     //  restore trace
-      u3z(u3R->ski.flu);                      //  free namespace stack
-      u3R->ski.flu = flu;                     //  reset namespaces
-    }
-
     /* Fall back to the old road, leaving temporary memory intact.
     */
     u3_cm_fall();
 
     /* Push the error back up to the calling context - not the run we
-    ** are in, but the caller of the run.
+    ** are in, but the caller of the run, matching pure nock semantics.
     */
-    return u3_cm_bail(u3nc(4, u3k(why)));
+    return u3_cm_bail(u3nc(4, u3_ca_take(why)));
   }
 
   /* Clean up temporary memory.
   */
-  u3_cm_golf(gof_w);
+  u3_cm_flog(gof_w);
+
+  /* Release the sample.
+  */
+  u3z(sam);
 
   /* Return the product.
   */
   return pro;
 }
 
+/* u3_cm_soft(): wrapper for old calls.
+*/
+u3_noun 
+u3_cm_soft(c3_w    sec_w,
+           u3_funk fun_f,
+           u3_noun arg)
+{
+  u3_noun why = u3_cm_soft_top(0, fun_f, arg);
+  u3_noun pro;
+
+  switch ( u3h(why) ) {
+    default: c3_assert(0); break;
+    case 0: pro = why; break;
+    case 2: pro = u3nc(c3__exit, u3k(u3t(why))); u3z(why); break;
+    case 3: pro = u3k(u3t(why)); u3z(why); break;
+  }
+  return pro;
+}
+
 /* _cm_is_tas(): yes iff som (RETAIN) is @tas.
 */
 static c3_o
diff --git a/g/n.c b/g/n.c
index a7b5a21b00..d4b8c7f7d2 100644
--- a/g/n.c
+++ b/g/n.c
@@ -297,8 +297,22 @@ u3_cn_nock_on(u3_noun bus, u3_noun fol)
       }
 
       case 11: {
-        c3_assert(!"11 remains stubbed out");
-      }
+        u3_noun gof = u3_cn_nock_on(bus, u3k(gal));
+        u3_noun val = u3_cm_soft_esc(u3nc(u3k(gof), 0));
+
+        if ( u3_ne(u3du(val)) ) {
+          u3_cm_bail(u3nt(1, gof, 0));
+        } 
+        else {
+          u3_noun pro;
+
+          u3z(fol);
+          pro = u3k(u3t(val));
+          u3z(val);
+
+          return pro;
+        }
+      }  
       c3_assert(!"not reached");
     }
   }
@@ -323,78 +337,14 @@ u3_cn_slam_on(u3_noun gat, u3_noun sam)
   return u3_cn_kick_on(cor);
 }
 
-/* u3_cn_nock_it_top(): full virtualization, no fly, set pad.
-**
-** Produces [0 result], [1 paths] == wait, [2 trace] == exit, 
-** or [term trace] for an internal error.
-*/
-u3_noun 
-u3_cn_nock_it_flat(c3_w    pad_w,
-                   u3_noun bus, 
-                   u3_noun fol)
-{
-  c3_w gof_w; 
-  c3_l why_l;
-  
-  gof_w = u3_cm_golf();
-  u3_cm_leap(pad_w);
-  
-  if ( u3_blip != (why_l = u3_cm_trap()) ) {
-    /* Collect information to be preserved.
-    */
-    if ( (why_l == c3__need) || (why_l == c3__exit) ) {
-      u3_noun ton;
-
-      if ( 0 != u3R->net.nyd ) {
-        c3_assert(c3__need == why_l);
-        ton = u3nc(1, u3R->net.nyd);
-      }
-    }
-    u3_cm_fall();
-   
-    /* Collect infora
-    if ( 0 != u3R->net.nyd ) {
-      c3_assert(c3__need == why_l);
-    }
-  }
-  else {
-
-}
-
 /* u3_cn_nock_un(): produce .*(bus fol), as ++toon.
 */
 u3_noun
 u3_cn_nock_un(u3_noun bus, u3_noun fol)
 {
-  u3_noun why_l;
-  c3_w    gof_w;
-  u3_noun ton;
+  u3_noun fly = u3nt(u3nt(11, 0, 6), 0, 0);  //  |=(a=* .^(a))
 
-  // u3_cm_leap();
-  if ( u3_blip != (why_l = u3_cm_trap()) ) {
-
-    u3_noun ton;
-
-    if ( 0 != u3R->net.nyd ) {
-      ton = u3nc(1, u3R->net.nyd);
-      u3R->net.nyd = 0;
-    } 
-    else {
-      ton = u3nc(2, u3R->bug.tax);
-      u3R->bug.tax = 0;
-    }
-    // u3_cm_fall();
-    ton = u3_ca_gain(ton);
-    // u3_cm_flog(0);
-  }
-  else {
-    u3_noun pro = u3_cn_nock_on(bus, fol);
-
-    // u3_cm_fall();
-    ton = u3nc(0, u3_ca_gain(pro));
-  }
-  // u3z(bus); u3z(fol); return ton;
-  return ton;
+  return u3_cn_nock_in(fly, bus, fol);
 }
 
 /* u3_cn_slam_un(): produce (gat sam), as ++toon.
@@ -402,31 +352,9 @@ u3_cn_nock_un(u3_noun bus, u3_noun fol)
 u3_noun
 u3_cn_slam_un(u3_noun gat, u3_noun sam)
 {
-  u3_noun ton;
+  u3_noun fly = u3nt(u3nt(11, 0, 6), 0, 0);  //  |=(a=* .^(a))
 
-  // u3_cm_leap();
-  if ( u3_blip != u3_cm_trap() ) {
-    u3_noun ton;
-
-    if ( 0 != u3R->net.nyd ) {
-      ton = u3nc(1, u3R->net.nyd);
-      u3R->net.nyd = 0;
-    } else {
-      ton = u3nc(2, u3R->bug.tax);
-      u3R->bug.tax = 0;
-    }
-    // u3_cm_fall();
-    ton = u3_ca_gain(ton);
-    // u3_cm_flog(0);
-  }
-  else {
-    u3_noun pro = u3_cn_slam_on(gat, sam);
-
-    // u3_cm_fall();
-    ton = u3nc(0, u3_ca_gain(pro));
-  }
-  // u3z(gat); u3z(sam); return ton;
-  return ton;
+  return u3_cn_slam_in(fly, gat, sam);
 }
 
 /* u3_cn_nock_in(): produce .*(bus fol), as ++toon, in namespace.
@@ -434,9 +362,7 @@ u3_cn_slam_un(u3_noun gat, u3_noun sam)
 u3_noun
 u3_cn_nock_in(u3_noun fly, u3_noun bus, u3_noun fol)
 {
-  //  XX implement 11
-  //
-  u3z(fly); return u3_cn_nock_un(bus, fol);
+  return u3_cm_soft_run(fly, u3_cn_nock_on, bus, fol);
 }
 
 /* u3_cn_slam_in(): produce (gat sam), as ++toon, in namespace.
@@ -444,9 +370,7 @@ u3_cn_nock_in(u3_noun fly, u3_noun bus, u3_noun fol)
 u3_noun
 u3_cn_slam_in(u3_noun fly, u3_noun gat, u3_noun sam)
 {
-  //  XX implement 11
-  //
-  u3z(fly); return u3_cn_slam_un(gat, sam);
+  return u3_cm_soft_run(fly, u3_cn_slam_on, gat, sam);
 }
 
 /* u3_cn_nock_an(): as slam_in(), but with empty fly.
@@ -454,5 +378,7 @@ u3_cn_slam_in(u3_noun fly, u3_noun gat, u3_noun sam)
 u3_noun
 u3_cn_nock_an(u3_noun bus, u3_noun fol)
 {
-  return u3_cn_nock_un(bus, fol);
+  u3_noun fly = u3nt(u3nc(1, 0), 0, 0);  //  |=(a=* ~)
+
+  return u3_cn_nock_in(fly, bus, fol);
 }
diff --git a/include/g/a.h b/include/g/a.h
index d11fe95a2a..f55a75f074 100644
--- a/include/g/a.h
+++ b/include/g/a.h
@@ -35,11 +35,16 @@
 
       /* Reference and arena control.
       */
-        /* u3_ca_gain(): gain and/or copy juniors.
+        /* u3_ca_gain(): gain a reference count in normal space.
         */
           u3_weak
           u3_ca_gain(u3_weak som);
 
+        /* u3_ca_take(): gain, copying juniors.
+        */
+          u3_noun
+          u3_ca_take(u3_noun som);
+
         /* u3_ca_lose(): lose a reference.
         */
           void
diff --git a/include/g/m.h b/include/g/m.h
index 355822f7b6..628dcb36a0 100644
--- a/include/g/m.h
+++ b/include/g/m.h
@@ -68,10 +68,10 @@
         void
         u3_cm_fall(void);
 
-      /* u3_cm_leap(): advance to inner road.
+      /* u3_cm_leap(): in u3R, create a new road within the existing one.
       */
         void
-        u3_cm_leap(void);
+        u3_cm_leap(c3_w pad_w);
 
       /* u3_cm_wash(): wash all lazy mugs.  RETAIN.
       */
@@ -106,6 +106,26 @@
         u3_noun
         u3_cm_soft(c3_w sec_w, u3_funk fun_f, u3_noun arg);
 
+      /* u3_cm_soft_top(): top-level safety wrapper.
+      */
+        u3_noun 
+        u3_cm_soft_top(c3_w    pad_w,
+                       u3_funk fun_f,
+                       u3_noun arg);
+
+      /* u3_cm_soft_run(): descend into virtualization context.
+      */
+        u3_noun 
+        u3_cm_soft_run(u3_noun fly,
+                       u3_funq fun_f,
+                       u3_noun aga,
+                       u3_noun agb);
+
+      /* u3_cm_soft_esc(): namespace lookup.  Produces direct result.
+      */
+        u3_noun
+        u3_cm_soft_esc(u3_noun sam);
+
       /* u3_cm_water(): produce high and low watermarks.  Asserts u3R == u3H.
       */
         void
diff --git a/include/n/road.h b/include/n/road.h
index 234cd2e9c1..b46ec67c9b 100644
--- a/include/n/road.h
+++ b/include/n/road.h
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
         } coy;
 
         struct {                            //  jet dashboard
-          u3_ch_root* har_u;                //  jet index by 
+          u3_ch_root* har_u;                //  jet index
         } jed;
 
         struct {                            //  namespace