diff --git a/ape/cloud.hoon b/ape/cloud.hoon
index ff49306280..a391a6139a 100644
--- a/ape/cloud.hoon
+++ b/ape/cloud.hoon
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
   $:  auth+{do+keys gce+keys}  
       toke+{do+tokens gce+tokens}
       insts+(map @t instance)  
-      images+(map {{@t @t} image})
+      images+(map {@t @t} image)
   ==
 ++  keys  {authc+(unit @t) client-secret+(unit @t)}
 ++  tokens  {access+@t refresh+@t}
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@
   (ot name/so ~)
 ::
 ++  parse-id-text
-  |=  jon=json
+  |=  jon+json
   ?.(?=({?($n $s) *} jon) ~ (some p.jon))
 ::
 ++  create-do-body
@@ -198,8 +198,8 @@
       snapshot/s/snapshot
   ==
 ++  map-to-list
-  |=  a+(map {{@t @t} image})
-  ^-  liz=(list image)
+  |=  a+(map {@t @t} image)
+  ^-  liz+(list image)
   %+  turn  (~(tap by a) *(list {{@t @t} image}))
   |=(a+{{@t @t} image} `image`+.a)
 ::
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@
   ^-  {(list move) _+>.$}
   :_  +>.$
   =+  lis=(~(tap by insts.vat))
-  [ost %diff %json (instance-to-json (turn lis |=(a=[@t instance] +.a)))]~
+  [ost %diff %json (instance-to-json (turn lis |=(a+{@t instance} +.a)))]~
 ::
 ++  spam
   |=  jon+json
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@
       |=  sp+speech
       =+  ^=  tail
       :-  ^-  audience
-          :+  :-  `partner`[%& our ?+((clan our) !! %czar %court, %duke %porch)]
+          :+  :-  `partner`[%& our ?+((clan our) !! $czar %court, $duke %porch)]
               ^-  (pair envelope delivery)
               [`envelope`[& ~] %pending]
             ~
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@
       tail
   =+  mez=[%talk-command [%publish `(list thought)`spchz]]
   [ost %send /pub [our %talk] %poke mez]
-++  thou-pub  |=(~ :_(+>.$ ~))
+++  thou-pub  |=($~ :_(+>.$ ~))
 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
 ::  authentication                                                            ::
 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@
   |=  {secret+cord typ+cord}
   ^-  {(list move) _+>.$}
   ?+    typ  ~|(missing-platform=typ !!)
-      %do
+      $do
     =.  client-secret.do.auth.vat
       [~ secret]
     :_  +>.$
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@
 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
 ++  create-do
   |=  act+json
-  =+  ^-  deets=create-req-do
+  =+  ^-  deets+create-req-do
       %-  need
       %.  act
       =>  jo
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@
           'priv_networking'^(mu bo)  
           'user_data'^(mu so)
       ==
-  =+  ^-  body=json
+  =+  ^-  body+json
       %-  create-do-body  
       :*  name.deets  
           size.deets  
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@
     ~
   ==
 ::
-++  thou-create-do  |=([path resp=httr] ~&(resp :_(+>.$ ~)))
+++  thou-create-do  |=({path resp+httr} ~&(resp :_(+>.$ ~)))
 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
 ::  create google instances                                                   ::
 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
@@ -426,13 +426,13 @@
 ::
 ++  create-gce
   |=  jon+json
-  ++  ^-  {name+@t image+@t number+@ud}
+  =+  ^-  {name+@t image+@t number+@ud}
       (need ((ot name/so 'instance_img'^so number/ni ~):jo jon))
   |-  ^-  (list move) 
   ?~  number  ~
   :_  $(number (dec number))
   =+  nam=(cat 3 name (scot %ud number))
-  =+  ^-  body=json
+  =+  ^-  body+json
       %-  jobe
       :~  name/s/nam  
           'machineType'^s/'zones/us-central1-a/machineTypes/n1-standard-1'
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@
   ?-  typ
       $do
     =+  ^=  meth
-        ?:  ?=(%delete -.action)  
+        ?:  ?=($delete -.action)  
           %delt 
         :-  %post
         %+  jobe   type/s/(convert-do -.action) 
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@
     %-  httpreq  :*
        /do/[-.action]
       ~[%digitalocean %api]  
-      ?:(?=(%delt meth) /v2/droplets/[id] /v2/droplets/[id]/actions)
+      ?:(?=($delt meth) /v2/droplets/[id] /v2/droplets/[id]/actions)
       meth
       %^  mo  ['Content-Type' 'application/json' ~]
       ['Authorization' (cat 3 'Bearer ' access.do.toke.vat) ~]  ~
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@
       =+  end=/compute/v1/projects/urbcloud/zones/us-central1-a/instances/[name]
       %-  httpreq
       :*  /gce-act/[-.action]    ~['googleapis' 'www']
-          (welp end [?:(?=(%reboot -.action) 'reset' -.action) ~])
+          (welp end [?:(?=($reboot -.action) 'reset' -.action) ~])
           [%post ~]           
           head-query
       ==
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@
 ::
 ++  thou-list-gce-zones  ::  instances
   |=  {pax+path resp+httr}
-  ^-  [(list move) _+>.$]
+  ^-  {(list move) _+>.$}
   =+  parsed=(rash q:(need r.resp) apex:poja)           ::  body httr to json
   ~|  'no list received or bad json'
   =+  items=(need ((ot items/(ar some) ~):jo parsed))
@@ -615,18 +615,20 @@
 ::  list digital ocean droplets and images                                   ::
 :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
 ++  list-do
-:+((list-something-do %droplets) (list-something-do %images) ~)
+  :+((list-something-do %droplets) (list-something-do %images) ~)
 ++  list-something-do
   |=  som+@tas
   =+  ^=  lis
       :~  /list-do/[som]
-      ~[%digitalocean %api]  /v2/[som]
-      %get
-      %-  mo
-      :~  ['Content-Type' 'application/json' ~] 
-          ['Authorization' (cat 3 'Bearer ' access.do.toke.vat) ~]
+          ~[%digitalocean %api]  
+          /v2/[som]
+          %get
+          %-  mo
+          :~  ['Content-Type' 'application/json' ~] 
+              ['Authorization' (cat 3 'Bearer ' access.do.toke.vat) ~]
+          ==
       ==
-    (httpreq lis)
+  (httpreq lis)
 ::
 ++  thou-list-do-droplets
   |=  {pax+path resp+httr}
@@ -663,7 +665,7 @@
   %-  spam
   %-  instance-to-json  
   %+  turn  (~(tap by insts.vat) *(list {@t instance}))
-  |=(a=[@t instance] +.a)
+  |=(a+{@t instance} +.a)
 ::
 ++  thou-list-do-images
   |=  {pax+path resp+httr} 
@@ -680,9 +682,10 @@
   =.  images.vat
   %-  mo
   %+  weld  images
-  %+  skip  (~(tap by images.vat) *(list ,[[@t @t] image]))
+  %+  skip  (~(tap by images.vat) *(list {{@t @t} image}))
   |=(a+{{@t @t} image} ?=($do ->.a))
-  :_  +>.$  ~[(spam `json`(image-to-json `(list image)`(map-to-list images.vat)))]
+  :_  +>.$  
+      ~[(spam `json`(image-to-json `(list image)`(map-to-list images.vat)))]
 ::
 ++  wake-refresh-do  |=({path $~} [list-do +>.$])
 --
diff --git a/ape/twit.hoon b/ape/twit.hoon
index 8f578a78df..a00945cca4 100644
--- a/ape/twit.hoon
+++ b/ape/twit.hoon
@@ -10,40 +10,40 @@
 [twitter .]
 |%
 ++  twit-path                                           ::  valid peer path
-  $%  ::  [%home ~]                                         ::  home timeline
-      [%user p=@t ~]                                    ::  user's tweets
-      [%post p=span:,@uv ~]                             ::  status of status
+  $%  ::  [%home $~]                                    ::  home timeline
+      {$user p+@t $~}                                   ::  user's tweets
+      {$post p+span $~}                             ::  status of status
   ==
 ::
 ++  axle                                                ::  app state
-  $:  %0
-      kes=(map span keys:twit-do)                       ::  auth
-      out=(map ,@uvI (each ,[span cord] stat))          ::  sent tweets
-      ran=(map path ,[p=@ud q=@da])                     ::  polls active
-      fed=(jar path stat)                               ::  feed cache
+  $:  $0
+      kes+(map span keys:twit-do)                       ::  auth
+      out+(map @uvI (each {span cord} stat))          ::  sent tweets
+      ran+(map path {p+@ud q+@da})                     ::  polls active
+      fed+(jar path stat)                               ::  feed cache
   ==
 ::
 ++  gift                                                ::  subscription action
-  $%  [%quit ~]                                         ::  terminate
-      [%diff gilt]                                      ::  send data
+  $%  {$quit $~}                                        ::  terminate
+      {$diff gilt}                                      ::  send data
   ==
 ++  gilt  
-  $%  [%twit-feed p=(list stat)]                        ::  posts in feed
-      [%twit-stat p=stat]                               ::  tweet accepted
-      [%ares term (list tank)]
+  $%  {$twit-feed p+(list stat)}                        ::  posts in feed
+      {$twit-stat p+stat}                               ::  tweet accepted
+      {$ares term (list tank)}
   ==
 ::
-++  move  ,[bone card]
+++  move  {bone card}
 ++  card                                                ::  arvo request
   $?  gift
-  $%  [%them path ~ u=hiss]                             ::  HTTP request
-      [%poke wire dock %talk-command command:talk]      ::
-      [%wait path p=@da]                                ::  timeout
+  $%  {$them path $~ u+hiss}                            ::  HTTP request
+      {$poke wire dock $talk-command command:talk}      ::
+      {$wait path p+@da}                                ::  timeout
   ==  ==
 ::
 ++  sign                                                ::  arvo response
-  $%  [%e %thou p=httr]                                 ::  HTTP result
-      [%t %wake ~]                                      ::  timeout ping
+  $%  {$e $thou p+httr}                                 ::  HTTP result
+      {$t $wake $~}                                     ::  timeout ping
   ==
 ::
 ++  stat  twit-stat                                     ::  recieved tweet
@@ -51,22 +51,22 @@
 !:
 ::::
   ::
-|_  [bowl axle]
+|_  {bowl axle}
 ++  any-auth  ?~(kes (auth) (auth p.n.kes))             ::  use any keys
 ++  auth                                                ::  build API door
-  |=  a=span
+  |=  a+span
   ~|  [%no-auth a] 
   ~(. twit (~(got by kes) a) now `@`eny)
 ::
 ++  cull                                                ::  remove seen tweets
-  |=  [pax=path rep=(list stat)]  ^+  rep
+  |=  {pax+path rep+(list stat)}  ^+  rep
   =+  pev=(sa (turn (~(get ja fed) pax) |=(stat id)))
   (skip rep |=(stat (~(has in pev) id)))
 ::
 ++  done  [*(list move) .]
 ++  dely                                                ::  next polling timeout
-  |=  pax=path
-  ^-  [(unit time) _ran]
+  |=  pax+path
+  ^-  {(unit time) _ran}
   =+  cur=(~(get by ran) pax)
   =+  tym=(add now (mul ~s8 (bex ?~(cur 0 p.u.cur))))
   :: ~&  dely/`@dr`(sub tym now)
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
   [`tym (~(put by ran) pax ?~(cur 0 (min 5 +(p.u.cur))) tym)]
 ::
 ++  wait                                                ::  ensure poll by path
-  |=  [pax=path mof=(list move)]
+  |=  {pax+path mof+(list move)}
   =^  tym  ran  (dely pax)
   :_  +>.$
   ?~  tym  
@@ -86,13 +86,13 @@
   mof
 ::
 ++  poke-twit-do                                        ::  recieve request
-  |=  act=twit-do
+  |=  act+twit-do
   ^+  [*(list move) +>]
   ?-    -.q.act
-      %auth
+      $auth
     :-  [(print "authed @{(trip p.act)}")]~
     +>.$(kes (~(put by kes) p.act p.q.act))             ::  XX verify key
-      %post
+      $post
     =:  out  (~(put by out) p.q.act %& p.act q.q.act)
         ran  (~(del by ran) /peer/home)
       ==
@@ -102,12 +102,12 @@
   ==
 ::
 ++  wake-peer
-  |=  [pax=path ~]  ^+  done
+  |=  {pax+path ~}  ^+  done
   ~&  twit-wake/peer/pax
   :_  +>.$
   ?.  (~(has by ran) peer/pax)                           ::  ignore if retracted
     ~
-  =+  =>  |=([a=bone @ b=path] [b a]) 
+  =+  =>  |=({a+bone @ b+path} [b a]) 
       pus=(~(gas ju *(jug path bone)) (turn (~(tap by sup)) .))
   ?~  (~(get ju pus) pax)
     ~
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
   (pear | our pax)
 ::
 ++  thou
-  |=  [pax=path hit=httr]  ^+  done
+  |=  {pax+path hit+httr}  ^+  done
   ?+    p.hit  ~|([%unknown-code p.hit] !!)
       429                           ::  Rate-limit
     =.  ran  (~(put by ran) pax 6 now)
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
     =+  jon=(need (poja q:(need r.hit)))
     :: ~&  twit-resp/%.(jon ?+(-.jon !! %o stat:twir, %a (ar:jo stat:twir)))
     ?+    pax  ~|([%http-missed pax] !!)
-        [%post @ ~]                                   ::  post acknowledged
+        {$post @ $~}                                    ::  post acknowledged
       =+  ^=  rep
           ~|  [%bad-post jon]
           (need %.(jon stat:twir))
@@ -137,7 +137,8 @@
       =+  pax=/[who.rep]/status/(rsh 3 2 (scot %ui id.rep))
       :-  (print (earn [& ~ `/com/twitter] `pax ~))
       (spam pax (tweet-good rep))
-        [%peer *]                                     ::  feed data
+    ::
+        {$peer *}                                     ::  feed data
       =+  ^=  rep
           ~|  [%bad-feed jon]
           (need %.(jon (ar:jo stat:twir)))
@@ -152,28 +153,28 @@
       (wait pax (spam t.pax [%diff twit-feed/(flop ren)] ~))
     ==
   ::
-      ?(400 401 403 404)            ::  Err
-    =+  ^-  git=gift
+      ?($400 $401 $403 $404)            ::  Err
+    =+  ^-  git+gift
         =+  err=%.(q:(need r.hit) ;~(biff poja mean:twir))
         :^  %diff  %ares  %bad-http
         [leaf/"HTTP Code {<p.hit>}" (turn (need err) mean:twip)]
     ?+    pax  [[ost git]~ +>.$]
-      [%post @ ~]
+      {$post @ ~}
         [(spam pax git ~) +>.$]
     ==
   ==
-++  tweet-good  |=(rep=stat `(list gift)`~[[%diff %twit-stat rep] [%quit ~]]) 
-++  peer  |=(pax=path :_(+> (pear & src pax)))       ::  accept subscription
+++  tweet-good  |=(rep+stat `(list gift)`~[[%diff %twit-stat rep] [%quit ~]]) 
+++  peer  |=(pax+path :_(+> (pear & src pax)))       ::  accept subscription
 ++  pear                              ::  poll, possibly returning current data
-  |=  [ver=? @ pax=path]
+  |=  {ver+? @ pax+path}
   ^-  (list move)
   ?.  ?=(twit-path pax)
     ~|([%missed-path pax] !!)
   =>  .(pax `twit-path`pax)
-  ?:  ?=(%post -.pax)
+  ?:  ?=($post -.pax)
     ?.  ver  ~
     =+  sta=(~(get by out) (slav %uv p.pax))
-    ?.  ?=([~ %| ^] sta)                                ::  post not received
+    ?.  ?=({$~ $| ^} sta)                                ::  post not received
       ~
     ~[[ost %diff %twit-stat p.u.sta] [ost %quit ~]]
   =+  ole=(~(get ja fed) pax)
@@ -185,18 +186,18 @@
   =+  opt=?~(ole ~ ['since_id' (lutt:twit id.i.ole)]~)
   =+  aut=any-auth
   ?-    -.pax
-    %user  (stat-user:aut [(to-sd p.pax)]~ opt)
-::     %home  (stat-home:auth ~ opt)
+    $user  (stat-user:aut [(to-sd p.pax)]~ opt)
+::     $home  (stat-home:auth ~ opt)
   ==
 ::
 ++  to-sd                                               ::  parse user name/numb
-  |=  a=span  ^-  sd:twit
+  |=  a+span  ^-  sd:twit
   ~|  [%not-user a]
   %+  rash  a
   ;~(pose (stag %user-id dem) (stag %screen-name user:twir))
 ::
-:: ++  pull                                                ::  release subscription
-::   |=  ost=bone
+:: ++  pull                                           ::  release subscription
+::   |=  ost+bone
 ::   ?.  (~(has by sup) ost)  `+>.$      ::  XX should not occur
 ::   =+  [his pax]=(~(got by sup) ost)
 ::   ?:  (lth 1 ~(wyt in (~(get ju pus) pax)))
@@ -207,13 +208,14 @@
 ::   `+>.$
 ::
 ++  spam                                                ::  send by path
-  |=  [a=path b=(list gift)]  ^-  (list move)
+  |=  {a+path b+(list gift)}  ^-  (list move)
   %-  zing  ^-  (list (list move))
   %+  turn  (~(tap by sup))
-  |=  [ost=bone @ pax=path]
+  |=  {ost+bone @ pax+path}
   ?.  =(pax a)  ~
-  (turn b |=(c=gift [ost c]))
+  (turn b |=(c+gift [ost c]))
 ::
 ++  print
-  |=(mes=tape [ost %poke / [our %talk] (said our %twit now eny leaf/mes ~)])
+  |=  mes+tape 
+  [ost %poke / [our %talk] (said:^talk our %twit now eny leaf/mes ~)]
 --
diff --git a/ape/write.hoon b/ape/write.hoon
index 0359d6d500..672e16cd7f 100644
--- a/ape/write.hoon
+++ b/ape/write.hoon
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 ::
 ::::  /hoon/write/app
   ::
-|_  [bowl ~]
+|_  {bowl $~}
 ++  beak-now  byk(r [%da now])
 ++  poke-json
-  |=  jon=json
+  |=  jon+json
   =-  (poke--data (need (- jon.+)))
   =>  jo
   %-  ot  :~
@@ -14,23 +14,23 @@
   ==
 ::
 ++  poke-write-paste
-  |=  [typ=?(%hoon %md %txt) txt=@t]
+  |=  {typ+?($hoon $md $txt) txt+@t}
   (poke--data [`typ /pub/paste/(scot %da now)] %mime / (taco txt))
 ::
 ++  poke--data
-  |=  [[ext=(unit ,@t) pax=path] dat=$%([%json json] [%mime mime])]
+  |=  {{ext+(unit @t) pax+path} dat+$$({$json json} {$mime mime})}
   ?~  ext  $(ext [~ -.dat])
   =+  cay=?-(-.dat %json [-.dat !>(+.dat)], %mime [-.dat !>(+.dat)])
   ?:  =(u.ext -.dat)  (made pax ~ `cay)
   [[ost %exec pax our ~ beak-now %cast u.ext `cay]~ +>.$]  ::  XX defer %nice
 ::
 ++  made
-  |=  [pax=wire @ res=gage]
+  |=  {pax+wire @ res+gage}
   ?.  =(our src)
     ~|(foreign-write/[our=our src=src] !!)
   ?+  -.res  ~|(gage/-.res !!)
-    %|  (mean p.res)
-    %&  =-  [[ost %info / our -]~ +>.$]
+    $|  (mean p.res)
+    $&  =-  [[ost %info / our -]~ +>.$]
         (foal :(welp (tope beak-now ~) pax /[-.p.res]) p.res)
   ==
 --
diff --git a/lib/twitter.hoon b/lib/twitter.hoon
index 95d6f1d633..806ae0ad0f 100644
--- a/lib/twitter.hoon
+++ b/lib/twitter.hoon
@@ -4,21 +4,21 @@
   ::
 /?    314
 /-   twitter
-=+   twit:twitter
+=+   twit:^twitter
 !:
 ::::  functions
   ::
 |%
 ++  fass                                                ::  rewrite path
-  |=  a=path
+  |=  a+path
   %-  trip
   %^  gsub  '-'  '_'
   %+  reel  a
-  |=  [p=@t q=@t]
+  |=  {p+@t q+@t}
   (cat 3 '/' (cat 3 p q))
 ::
 ++  gsub                                                ::  replace chars
-  |=  [a=@t b=@t t=@t]
+  |=  {a+@t b+@t t+@t}
   ^-  @t
   ?~  t  t
   %+  add  (lsh 3 1 $(t (rsh 3 1 t)))
@@ -26,21 +26,21 @@
   ?:(=(a c) b c)
 ::
 ++  oauth                                               ::  OAuth 1.0 header
-  |=  $:  med=meth 
-          url=tape 
-          pas=(list tape) 
-          key=keys 
-          zet=@ 
-          ken=@
+  |=  $:  med+meth 
+          url+tape 
+          pas+(list tape) 
+          key+keys 
+          zet+@ 
+          ken+@
       ==
   ^-  @t
-  =+  non=(turn (rip 2 (shaw zet 128 ken)) |=(a=@ ~(x ne a)))
+  =+  non=(turn (rip 2 (shaw zet 128 ken)) |=(a+@ ~(x ne a)))
   =+  tim=(slag 2 (scow %ui (unt zet)))
   =+  sky=(crip :(weld (urle (trip sec.con.key)) "&" (urle (trip sec.acc.key))))
   =+  ^=  bas  
       ^-  tape
       =+  ^=  hds
-          %-  reel  :_  |=([p=tape q=tape] :(weld p "&" q))
+          %-  reel  :_  |=({p+tape q+tape} :(weld p "&" q))
           %-  sort  :_  aor
           %-  weld  :-  pas
           ^-  (list tape)
@@ -69,27 +69,27 @@
   ==
 ::
 ++  valve                                               ::  produce request
-  |=  $:  med=meth 
-          [rus=tape quy=quay] 
-          key=keys 
-          est=time 
-          eny=@
+  |=  $:  med+meth 
+          {rus+tape quy+quay} 
+          key+keys 
+          est+time 
+          eny+@
       ==
   ^-  hiss
   =+  url="https://api.twitter.com/1.1{rus}.json"
-  =+  req=|=(a=tape (scan a auri:epur))
+  =+  req=|=(a+tape (scan a auri:epur))
   =+  ^=  help
-      |=  quy=(list ,[tape tape])
+      |=  quy+(list {tape tape})
       ^-  (list tape)
       %+  turn  quy 
-        |=  a=[p=tape q=tape] 
+        |=  a+{p+tape q+tape} 
         :(weld (urle p.a) "=" (urle q.a))
-  =+  tan=(turn quy |=([p=@t q=@t] [(trip p) (trip q)]))
-  =+  har=(help (turn tan |=(p=[p=tape q=tape] [p.p (urle q.p)])))
+  =+  tan=(turn quy |=({p+@t q+@t} [(trip p) (trip q)]))
+  =+  har=(help (turn tan |=(p+{p+tape q+tape} [p.p (urle q.p)])))
   =+  hab=(help tan)
-  =+  lav=(reel har |=([p=tape q=tape] :(weld p "&" q)))
+  =+  lav=(reel har |=({p+tape q+tape} :(weld p "&" q)))
   =+  voy=?:(=(0 (lent lav)) ~ (scag (dec (lent lav)) `tape`lav))
-  =+  vab=(reel hab |=([p=tape q=tape] :(weld p "&" q)))
+  =+  vab=(reel hab |=({p+tape q+tape} :(weld p "&" q)))
   =+  vur=(crip ?:(=(0 (lent vab)) ~ (scag (dec (lent vab)) `tape`vab)))
   =+  ^=  head
       %-  ~(gas by *math)
@@ -109,17 +109,17 @@
 ++  twip                                                ::  response printers
   |%
   ++  mean
-    |=  [msg=@t num=@ud]  ^-  tank
+    |=  {msg+@t num+@ud}  ^-  tank
     rose/[": " `~]^~[leaf/"Error {<num>}" leaf/(trip msg)]
   --
 ++  twir                                                ::  response parsers
   |%
-  ++  fasp  |*([a=@tas b=*] [(gsub '-' '_' a) b])
+  ++  fasp  |*({a+@tas b+*} [(gsub '-' '_' a) b])
   ++  user  (cook crip (plus ;~(pose aln cab)))
   ++  mean  (ot errors/(ar (ot message/so code/ni ~)) ~):jo
   ++  stat
     =+  jo
-    ^-  $+(json (unit ,[id=@u who=@ta now=@da txt=@t]))
+    ^-  $+(json (unit {id+@u who+@ta now+@da txt+@t}))
     %-  ot
     :~  id/ni
         user/(ot (fasp screen-name/(su user)) ~)
@@ -128,80 +128,80 @@
     ==
   ++  usel
     =+  jo
-    ^-  $+(json (unit (list ,who=@ta)))
+    ^-  $+(json (unit (list who+@ta)))
     =-  (ot users/(ar -) ~)
     (ot (fasp screen-name/(su user)) ~)
   --
 ++  twit
   =>  |%                                                ::  request structures
-      ++  dev  ,@t                                      ::  device name
-      ++  gat  ,@t                                      ::  grant type
-      ++  lat  ,@t                                      ::  latitude
+      ++  dev  @t                                       ::  device name
+      ++  gat  @t                                       ::  grant type
+      ++  lat  @t                                       ::  latitude
       ++  lid  (list tid)
-      ++  lon  ,@t                                      ::  longitude
+      ++  lon  @t                                       ::  longitude
       ++  lsc  (list scr)
-      ++  lst  (list ,@t)
-      ++  nam  ,@t                                      ::  location name
-      ++  pla  ,@t                                      ::  place-id
-      ++  scr  ,@t                                      ::  screen name
-      ++  slu  ,@t                                      ::  category name
-      ++  tid  ,@u
-      ++  tok  ,@t                                      ::  oauth token
-      ++  url  ,@t                                      ::  callback url
+      ++  lst  (list @t)
+      ++  nam  @t                                       ::  location name
+      ++  pla  @t                                       ::  place-id
+      ++  scr  @t                                       ::  screen name
+      ++  slu  @t                                       ::  category name
+      ++  tid  @u
+      ++  tok  @t                                       ::  oauth token
+      ++  url  @t                                       ::  callback url
       ::
-      ++  at  ,[%access-token p=tok]
-      ++  de  ,[%device p=dev]
-      ++  fo  ,[%follow p=lid]
-      ++  gr  ,[%grant-type p=gat]
-      ++  id  ,[%id p=tid]
-      ++  ii  ,[%'!inline' p=@t]
-      ++  is  ,[%id p=lid]
-      ++  la  ,[%lat p=lat]
-      ++  lo  ,[%long p=lon]
-      ++  na  ,[%name p=lid]
-      ++  oa  ,[%oauth-callback p=url]
-      ++  os  ,[%source-screen-name p=scr]
-      ++  pl  ,[%place-id p=pla]
-      ++  qq  ,[%q p=@t]
-      ++  sc  ,[%screen-name p=scr]
+      ++  at  {$access-token p+tok}
+      ++  de  {$device p+dev}
+      ++  fo  {$follow p+lid}
+      ++  gr  {$grant-type p+gat}
+      ++  id  {$id p+tid}
+      ++  ii  {$'!inline' p+@t}
+      ++  is  {$id p+lid}
+      ++  la  {$lat p+lat}
+      ++  lo  {$long p+lon}
+      ++  na  {$name p+lid}
+      ++  oa  {$oauth-callback p+url}
+      ++  os  {$source-screen-name p+scr}
+      ++  pl  {$place-id p+pla}
+      ++  qq  {$q p+@t}
+      ++  sc  {$screen-name p+scr}
       ++  sd  ?(ui sc)
-      ++  ss  ,[%screen-name p=lsc] 
-      ++  sl  ,[%slug p=slu]
-      ++  si  ,[%source-id p=tid]
-      ++  st  ,[%status p=@t]
-      ++  te  ,[%text p=@t]
-      ++  ti  ,[%target-id p=tid]
-      ++  ts  ,[%target-screen-name p=scr]
-      ++  tr  ,[%track p=lst]
-      ++  ur  ,[%url p=url]
-      ++  ui  ,[%user-id p=tid]
-      ++  us  ,[%user-id p=lid]
+      ++  ss  {$screen-name p+lsc} 
+      ++  sl  {$slug p+slu}
+      ++  si  {$source-id p+tid}
+      ++  st  {$status p+@t}
+      ++  te  {$text p+@t}
+      ++  ti  {$target-id p+tid}
+      ++  ts  {$target-screen-name p+scr}
+      ++  tr  {$track p+lst}
+      ++  ur  {$url p+url}
+      ++  ui  {$user-id p+tid}
+      ++  us  {$user-id p+lid}
       --
-  |_  [key=keys est=time eny=@uw]
+  |_  {key+keys est+time eny+@uw}
   ++  lutt  |=(@ `@t`(rsh 3 2 (scot %ui +<)))
   ++  llsc  
     |=  (list scr) 
-    (roll +< |=([p=scr q=@t] (cat 3 (cat 3 q ',') p)))
+    (roll +< |=({p+scr q+@t} (cat 3 (cat 3 q ',') p)))
   ::
   ++  llst  
-    |=  (list ,@t) 
-    (roll +< |=([p=@t q=@t] (cat 3 (cat 3 q ',') p)))
+    |=  (list @t) 
+    (roll +< |=({p+@t q+@t} (cat 3 (cat 3 q ',') p)))
   ::
   ++  llid
     |=  (list tid) 
-    (roll +< |=([p=tid q=@t] (cat 3 (cat 3 q ',') (lutt p))))
+    (roll +< |=({p+tid q+@t} (cat 3 (cat 3 q ',') (lutt p))))
   ::
   ++  mold                                        ::  construct request
-    |*  [med=meth pax=path a=$+(* *)]
-    |=  [args=a quy=quay]
+    |*  {med+meth pax+path a+$+(* *)}
+    |=  {args+a quy+quay}
     (valve med (cowl pax args quy) key est eny)
   ::
   ++  cowl                                        ::  handle parameters
-    |=  $:  pax=path 
-            ban=(list ,[p=@t q=?(@ (list ,@))]) 
-            quy=quay
+    |=  $:  pax+path 
+            ban+(list {p+@t q+?(@ (list @))}) 
+            quy+quay
         ==
-    ^-  [path quay]
+    ^-  {path quay}
     ?~  ban
       [(fass pax) quy]
     ?:  =('!inline' p.i.ban)
@@ -210,335 +210,335 @@
       !!
     :-  (fass pax)
     %+  welp  quy
-    %+  turn  `(list ,[p=@t q=?(@ (list ,@))])`ban
-    |=  [p=@t q=?(@ (list ,@))]
-    ^-  [@t @t]
+    %+  turn  `(list {p+@t q+?(@ (list @))})`ban
+    |=  {p+@t q+?(@ (list @))}
+    ^-  {@t @t}
     :-  (gsub '-' '_' p)
     ?@  q
       ?-  p
-        ?(%id %source-id %target-id %user-id)  (lutt q)
+        ?($id $source-id $target-id $user-id)  (lutt q)
         @                                      `@t`q
       ==
     ?-  p
-      ?(%follow %id %name %user-id)  (llid q)
-      %track                         (llst q)
-      %screen-name                   (llsc q)
+      ?($follow $id $name $user-id)  (llid q)
+      $track                         (llst q)
+      $screen-name                   (llsc q)
       *                              !!
     ==
   ::
   ++  stat-ment  
-    (mold %get /statuses/mentions-timeline ,~)
+    (mold %get /statuses/mentions-timeline $~)
   ::
   ++  stat-user  
-    (mold %get /statuses/user-timeline ,[sd ~])
+    (mold %get /statuses/user-timeline {sd $~})
   ::
   ++  stat-home  
-    (mold %get /statuses/home-timeline ,~)
+    (mold %get /statuses/home-timeline $~)
   ::
   ++  stat-retw  
-    (mold %get /statuses/retweets-of-me ,~)
+    (mold %get /statuses/retweets-of-me $~)
   ::
   ++  stat-rets-iddd  
-    (mold %get /statuses/retweets ,[ii ~])
+    (mold %get /statuses/retweets {ii $~})
   ::
   ++  stat-show  
-    (mold %get /statuses/show ,[id ~])
+    (mold %get /statuses/show {id $~})
   ::
   ++  stat-dest-iddd  
-    (mold %post /statuses/destroy ,[ii ~])
+    (mold %post /statuses/destroy {ii $~})
   ::
   ++  stat-upda  
-    (mold %post /statuses/update ,[st ~])
+    (mold %post /statuses/update {st $~})
   ::
   ++  stat-retw-iddd  
-    (mold %post /statuses/retweet ,[ii ~])
+    (mold %post /statuses/retweet {ii $~})
   ::
   ++  stat-oemb-iddd  
-    (mold %get /statuses/oembed ,[id ~])
+    (mold %get /statuses/oembed {id $~})
   ::
   ++  stat-oemb-urll  
-    (mold %get /statuses/oembed ,[ur ~])
+    (mold %get /statuses/oembed {ur $~})
   ::
   ++  stat-retw-idss  
-    (mold %get /statuses/retweeters/ids ,[id ~])
+    (mold %get /statuses/retweeters/ids {id $~})
   ::
   ++  sear-twee  
-    (mold %get /search/tweets ,[qq ~])
+    (mold %get /search/tweets {qq $~})
   ::
   ++  stat-filt-foll  
-    (mold %post /statuses/filter ,[?(fo tr) ~])
+    (mold %post /statuses/filter {?(fo tr) $~})
   ::
   ++  stat-samp  
-    (mold %get /statuses/sample ,~)
+    (mold %get /statuses/sample $~)
   ::
   ++  stat-fire  
-    (mold %get /statuses/firehose ,~)
+    (mold %get /statuses/firehose $~)
   ::
   ++  user  
-    (mold %get /user ,~)
+    (mold %get /user $~)
   ::
   ++  site  
-    (mold %get /site ,[fo ~])
+    (mold %get /site {fo $~})
   ::
   ++  dire  
-    (mold %get /direct-messages ,~)
+    (mold %get /direct-messages $~)
   ::
   ++  dire-sent  
-    (mold %get /direct-messages/sent ,~)
+    (mold %get /direct-messages/sent $~)
   ::
   ++  dire-show  
-    (mold %get /direct-messages/show ,[id ~])
+    (mold %get /direct-messages/show {id $~})
   ::
   ++  dire-dest  
-    (mold %post /direct-messages/destroy ,[id ~])
+    (mold %post /direct-messages/destroy {id $~})
   ::
   ++  dire-neww  
-    (mold %post /direct-messages/new ,[sd te ~])
+    (mold %post /direct-messages/new {sd te $~})
   ::
   ++  frie-nore-idss  
-    (mold %get /friendships/no-retweets/ids ,~)
+    (mold %get /friendships/no-retweets/ids $~)
   ::
   ++  frie-idss  
-    (mold %get /friends/ids ,[sd ~])
+    (mold %get /friends/ids {sd $~})
   ::
   ++  foll-idss  
-    (mold %get /followers/ids ,[sd ~])
+    (mold %get /followers/ids {sd $~})
   ::
   ++  frie-inco  
-    (mold %get /friendships/incoming ,~)
+    (mold %get /friendships/incoming $~)
   ::
   ++  frie-outg  
-    (mold %get /friendships/outgoing ,~)
+    (mold %get /friendships/outgoing $~)
   ::
   ++  frie-crea  
-    (mold %post /friendships/create ,[sd ~])
+    (mold %post /friendships/create {sd $~})
   ::
   ++  frie-dest  
-    (mold %post /friendships/destroy ,[sd ~])
+    (mold %post /friendships/destroy {sd $~})
   ::
   ++  frie-upda  
-    (mold %post /friendships/update ,[sd ~])
+    (mold %post /friendships/update {sd $~})
   ::
   ++  frie-show  
-    (mold %get /friendships/show ,[?(si os) ?(ti ts) ~])
+    (mold %get /friendships/show {?(si os) ?(ti ts) $~})
   ::
   ++  frie-list  
-    (mold %get /friends/list ,[sd ~])
+    (mold %get /friends/list {sd $~})
   ::
   ++  foll-list  
-    (mold %get /followers/list ,[sd ~])
+    (mold %get /followers/list {sd $~})
   ::
   ++  frie-look  
-    (mold %get /friendships/lookup ,[?(us ss) ~])
+    (mold %get /friendships/lookup {?(us ss) $~})
   ::
   ++  acco-sett-gett  
-    (mold %get /account/settings ,~)
+    (mold %get /account/settings $~)
   ::
   ++  acco-veri  
-    (mold %get /account/verify-credentials ,~)
+    (mold %get /account/verify-credentials $~)
   ::
   ++  acco-sett-post  
-    (mold %post /account/settings ,~)
+    (mold %post /account/settings $~)
   ::
   ++  acco-upda-deli  
-    (mold %post /account/update-delivery-device ,[de ~])
+    (mold %post /account/update-delivery-device {de $~})
   ::
   ++  acco-upda-prof  
-    (mold %post /account/update-profile ,~)
+    (mold %post /account/update-profile $~)
   ::
   ++  acco-upda-prof-back  
-    (mold %post /account/update-profile-background-image ,~)
+    (mold %post /account/update-profile-background-image $~)
   ::
   ++  acco-upda-prof-colo  
-    (mold %post /account/update-profile-colors ,~)
+    (mold %post /account/update-profile-colors $~)
   ::
   ++  bloc-list  
-    (mold %get /blocks/list ,~)
+    (mold %get /blocks/list $~)
   ::
   ++  bloc-idss  
-    (mold %get /blocks/ids ,~)
+    (mold %get /blocks/ids $~)
   ::
   ++  bloc-crea  
-    (mold %post /blocks/create ,[sd ~])
+    (mold %post /blocks/create {sd $~})
   ::
   ++  bloc-dest  
-    (mold %post /blocks/destroy ,[sd ~])
+    (mold %post /blocks/destroy {sd $~})
   ::
   ++  user-look  
-    (mold %get /users/lookup ,[?(us ss) ~])
+    (mold %get /users/lookup {?(us ss) $~})
   ::
   ++  user-show  
-    (mold %get /users/show ,[sd ~])
+    (mold %get /users/show {sd $~})
   ::
   ++  user-sear  
-    (mold %get /users/search ,[qq ~])
+    (mold %get /users/search {qq $~})
   ::
   ++  user-cont-tees  
-    (mold %get /users/contributees ,[sd ~])
+    (mold %get /users/contributees {sd $~})
   ::
   ++  user-cont-tors  
-    (mold %get /users/contributors ,[sd ~])
+    (mold %get /users/contributors {sd $~})
   ::
   ++  acco-remo  
-    (mold %post /account/remove-profile-banner ,~)
+    (mold %post /account/remove-profile-banner $~)
   ::
   ++  user-prof  
-    (mold %get /users/profile-banner ,[sd ~])
+    (mold %get /users/profile-banner {sd $~})
   ::
   ++  mute-user-crea  
-    (mold %post /mutes/users/create ,[sd ~])
+    (mold %post /mutes/users/create {sd $~})
   ::
   ++  mute-user-dest  
-    (mold %post /mutes/users/destroy ,[sd ~])
+    (mold %post /mutes/users/destroy {sd $~})
   ::
   ++  mute-user-idss  
-    (mold %get /mutes/users/ids ,~)
+    (mold %get /mutes/users/ids $~)
   ::
   ++  mute-user-list  
-    (mold %get /mutes/users/list ,~)
+    (mold %get /mutes/users/list $~)
   ::
   ++  user-sugg-slug  
-    (mold %get /users/suggestions ,[sl ~])
+    (mold %get /users/suggestions {sl $~})
   ::
   ++  user-sugg  
-    (mold %get /users/suggestions ,~)
+    (mold %get /users/suggestions $~)
   ::
   ++  favo-list  
-    (mold %get /favorites/list ,~)
+    (mold %get /favorites/list $~)
   ::
   ++  favo-dest  
-    (mold %post /favorites/destroy ,[id ~])
+    (mold %post /favorites/destroy {id $~})
   ::
   ++  favo-crea  
-    (mold %post /favorites/create ,[id ~])
+    (mold %post /favorites/create {id $~})
   ::
   ++  list-list  
-    (mold %get /lists/list ,~)
+    (mold %get /lists/list $~)
   ::
   ++  list-stat  
-    (mold %get /lists/statuses ,~)
+    (mold %get /lists/statuses $~)
   ::
   ++  list-memb-dest  
-    (mold %post /lists/members/destroy ,~)
+    (mold %post /lists/members/destroy $~)
   ::
   ++  list-memb-hips  
-    (mold %get /lists/memberships ,[sd ~])
+    (mold %get /lists/memberships {sd $~})
   ::
   ++  list-subs-bers  
-    (mold %get /lists/subscribers ,~)
+    (mold %get /lists/subscribers $~)
   ::
   ++  list-subs-crea  
-    (mold %post /lists/subscribers/create ,~)
+    (mold %post /lists/subscribers/create $~)
   ::
   ++  list-subs-show  
-    (mold %get /lists/subscribers/show ,[sd ~])
+    (mold %get /lists/subscribers/show {sd $~})
   ::
   ++  list-subs-dest  
-    (mold %post /lists/subscribers/destroy ,~)
+    (mold %post /lists/subscribers/destroy $~)
   ::
   ++  list-memb-crea-alll  
-    (mold %post /lists/members/create-all ,[?(us ss) ~])
+    (mold %post /lists/members/create-all {?(us ss) $~})
   ::
   ++  list-memb-show  
-    (mold %get /lists/members/show ,[sd ~])
+    (mold %get /lists/members/show {sd $~})
   ::
   ++  list-memb-bers  
-    (mold %get /lists/members ,~)
+    (mold %get /lists/members $~)
   ::
   ++  list-memb-crea  
-    (mold %post /lists/members/create ,[sd ~])
+    (mold %post /lists/members/create {sd $~})
   ::
   ++  list-dest  
-    (mold %post /lists/destroy ,~)
+    (mold %post /lists/destroy $~)
   ::
   ++  list-upda  
-    (mold %post /lists/update ,~)
+    (mold %post /lists/update $~)
   ::
   ++  list-crea  
-    (mold %post /lists/create ,[na ~])
+    (mold %post /lists/create {na $~})
   ::
   ++  list-show  
-    (mold %get /lists/show ,~)
+    (mold %get /lists/show $~)
   ::
   ++  list-subs-ions  
-    (mold %get /lists/subscriptions ,[sd ~])
+    (mold %get /lists/subscriptions {sd $~})
   ::
   ++  list-memb-dest-alll  
-    (mold %post /lists/members/destroy-all ,[?(us ss) ~])
+    (mold %post /lists/members/destroy-all {?(us ss) $~})
   ::
   ++  list-owne  
-    (mold %get /lists/ownerships ,[sd ~])
+    (mold %get /lists/ownerships {sd $~})
   ::
   ++  save-list  
-    (mold %get /saved-searches/list ,~)
+    (mold %get /saved-searches/list $~)
   ::
   ++  save-show-iddd  
-    (mold %get /saved-searches/show ,[ii ~])
+    (mold %get /saved-searches/show {ii $~})
   ::
   ++  save-crea  
-    (mold %post /saved-searches/create ,[qq ~])
+    (mold %post /saved-searches/create {qq $~})
   ::
   ++  save-dest-iddd  
-    (mold %post /saved-searches/destroy ,[ii ~])
+    (mold %post /saved-searches/destroy {ii $~})
   ::
   ++  geoo-iddd-plac  
-    (mold %get /geo/id ,[ii ~])
+    (mold %get /geo/id {ii $~})
   ::
   ++  geoo-reve  
-    (mold %get /geo/reverse-geocode ,[la lo ~])
+    (mold %get /geo/reverse-geocode {la lo $~})
   ::
   ++  geoo-sear  
-    (mold %get /geo/search ,~)
+    (mold %get /geo/search $~)
   ::
   ++  geoo-simi  
-    (mold %get /geo/similar-places ,[la lo na ~])
+    (mold %get /geo/similar-places {la lo na $~})
   ::
   ++  tren-plac  
-    (mold %get /trends/place ,[id ~])
+    (mold %get /trends/place {id $~})
   ::
   ++  tren-avai  
-    (mold %get /trends/available ,~)
+    (mold %get /trends/available $~)
   ::
   ++  tren-clos  
-    (mold %get /trends/closest ,[la lo ~])
+    (mold %get /trends/closest {la lo $~})
   ::
   ++  user-repo  
-    (mold %post /users/report-spam ,[sd ~])
+    (mold %post /users/report-spam {sd $~})
   ::
   ++  oaut-auth-cate  
-    (mold %get /oauth/authenticate ,~)
+    (mold %get /oauth/authenticate $~)
   ::
   ++  oaut-auth-rize  
-    (mold %get /oauth/authorize ,~)
+    (mold %get /oauth/authorize $~)
   ::
   ++  oaut-acce  
-    (mold %post /oauth/access-token ,~)
+    (mold %post /oauth/access-token $~)
   ::
   ++  oaut-requ  
-    (mold %post /oauth/request-token ,[oa ~])
+    (mold %post /oauth/request-token {oa $~})
   ::
   ++  oaut-toke  
-    (mold %post /oauth2/token ,[gr ~])
+    (mold %post /oauth2/token {gr $~})
   ::
   ++  oaut-inva  
-    (mold %post /oauth2/invalidate-token ,[at ~])
+    (mold %post /oauth2/invalidate-token {at $~})
   ::
   ++  help-conf  
-    (mold %get /help/configuration ,~)
+    (mold %get /help/configuration $~)
   ::
   ++  help-lang  
-    (mold %get /help/languages ,~)
+    (mold %get /help/languages $~)
   ::
   ++  help-priv  
-    (mold %get /help/privacy ,~)
+    (mold %get /help/privacy $~)
   ::
   ++  help-toss  
-    (mold %get /help/tos ,~)
+    (mold %get /help/tos $~)
   ::
   ++  appl-rate  
-    (mold %get /application/rate-limit-status ,~)
+    (mold %get /application/rate-limit-status $~)
   ::
   ++  stat-look  
-    (mold %get /statuses/lookup ,[us ~])
+    (mold %get /statuses/lookup {us $~})
   --
 --
diff --git a/sur/twitter.hoon b/sur/twitter.hoon
index bd3447fbec..bdc6e38464 100644
--- a/sur/twitter.hoon
+++ b/sur/twitter.hoon
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 |%
-++  twit-do  =>  twit  ,[p=span q=command]              ::  user and action
-++  twit-stat  ,[id=@u who=@ta now=@da txt=@t]          ::  recieved tweet
+++  twit-do  =>  twit  {p+span q+command}               ::  user and action
+++  twit-stat  {id+@u who+@ta now+@da txt+@t}           ::  received tweet
 ++  twit
   |%
   ++  keys                                              ::  twitter-key type
-    $:  con=[tok=@t sec=@t]                             ::  user key pair
-        acc=[tok=@t sec=@t]                             ::  app key pair
+    $:  con+{tok+@t sec+@t}                             ::  user key pair
+        acc+{tok+@t sec+@t}                             ::  app key pair
     ==
   ::
   ++  command                                           ::  poke action
-    $%  [%auth p=keys]                                  ::  set API keys
-        [%post p=@uvI q=cord]                           ::  post a tweet
+    $%  {$auth p+keys}                                  ::  set API keys
+        {$post p+@uvI q+cord}                           ::  post a tweet
     ==
   --
 --