diff --git a/gen/cat.hoon b/gen/cat.hoon
index 8a285818cb..1aab558c88 100644
--- a/gen/cat.hoon
+++ b/gen/cat.hoon
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@
 %+  turn  arg
 |=  pax/path
 ^-  tang
-=+  ark=;;(arch .^(%cy pax))
+=+  ark=.^(arch %cy pax)
 ?^  fil.ark
   ?:  =(%sched -:(flop pax))
-    [>;;((map ,@da cord) .^(%cx pax))<]~
-  [leaf+(spud pax) (pretty-file .^(%cx pax))]
+    [>.^((map @da cord) %cx pax)<]~
+  [leaf+(spud pax) (pretty-file .^(noun %cx pax))]
 ?-     dir.ark                                          ::  handle ambiguity
     $~
   [rose+[" " `~]^~[leaf+"~" (smyt pax)]]~
diff --git a/gen/cat/pretty.hoon b/gen/cat/pretty.hoon
index 8184b934b8..8353c9c80c 100644
--- a/gen/cat/pretty.hoon
+++ b/gen/cat/pretty.hoon
@@ -5,24 +5,24 @@
 !:
 |%
 ++  pretty-noun
-  |=  pri=*  ^-  tank
+  |=  pri/*  ^-  tank
   ?~  pri
     leaf+"~"
   ?@  pri
     leaf+?:(((sane %tas) pri) <`@tas`pri> <pri>)
   =<  rose+[" " ?:(- "~[" "[") "]"]^+
-  |-  ^-  [? (list tank)]
+  |-  ^-  {? (list tank)}
   ?~  +.pri
     [& ^$(pri -.pri) ~]
   ?@  +.pri
     [| ^$(pri -.pri) ^$(pri +.pri) ~]
   [+< - +>]:[^$(pri -.pri) $(pri +.pri)]
 ::
-++  vale-cord  |=(a=cord `?`(levy (trip a) |=(b=@ |((gte b 32) =(10 b)))))
+++  vale-cord  |=(a/cord `?`(levy (trip a) |=(b/@ |((gte b 32) =(10 b)))))
 ::
 ++  pretty-file
-  =+  wain-to-tang=|=(a=wain (turn a |=(b=cord leaf+(trip b))))
-  |=  fyl=*  ^-  tang
+  =+  wain-to-tang=|=(a/wain (turn a |=(b/cord leaf+(trip b))))
+  |=  fyl/*  ^-  tang
   =+  `(unit wain)`?@(fyl `(lore fyl) ((soft wain) fyl))
   ?^  -  (wain-to-tang u)
   [(pretty-noun fyl)]~
diff --git a/gen/hood/serve.hoon b/gen/hood/serve.hoon
index 3c569bf141..aa40626342 100644
--- a/gen/hood/serve.hoon
+++ b/gen/hood/serve.hoon
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
   !:
 :-  %say
 |=  $:  [now=@da eny=@uvI bec=beak]
-        [[pax=$|(term [i=span t=path]) ~] ~]
+        [[pax=$|(term [i=knot t=path]) ~] ~]
     ==
 :-  %helm-serve
 ?@  pax  pax
diff --git a/gen/hood/unmount.hoon b/gen/hood/unmount.hoon
index ca476b1857..265c5e2c06 100644
--- a/gen/hood/unmount.hoon
+++ b/gen/hood/unmount.hoon
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
   !:
 :-  %say
 |=  $:  {now/@da eny/@uvI bec/beak}
-        {{mon/$@(term {span path}) $~} $~}
+        {{mon/$@(term {knot path}) $~} $~}
     ==
 :-  %kiln-unmount
 mon
diff --git a/gen/ls.hoon b/gen/ls.hoon
index e7a6ee9af6..283ef96ccf 100644
--- a/gen/ls.hoon
+++ b/gen/ls.hoon
@@ -9,5 +9,5 @@
   ::
 :-  %say
 |=  {^ {arg/path $~} $~}
-=+  lon=((hard arch) .^(%cy arg))
+=+  lon=.^(arch %cy arg)
 tang+[?~(dir.lon leaf+"~" (subdir arg dir.lon))]~
diff --git a/gen/ls/subdir.hoon b/gen/ls/subdir.hoon
index fa19a72bfd..00231ce5f0 100644
--- a/gen/ls/subdir.hoon
+++ b/gen/ls/subdir.hoon
@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@
   |=  {kid/@ta $~}
   =+  paf=`path`/[kid]
   =-  :+  %rose  ["/" ~ ?:(dir "/" ~)]
-      (turn paf |=(a/span leaf+(trip a)))
+      (turn paf |=(a/knot leaf+(trip a)))
   |-  ^-  {dir/? paf/path}
-  =+  arf=;;(arch .^(%cy (weld pax paf)))
+  =+  arf=.^(arch %cy (weld pax paf))
   ?^  fil.arf  
     [| paf]
   ?~  dir.arf
     [& paf]  ::  !!
-  ?.  ?+({^ $~ $~} dir.arf)
+  ?.  ?=({^ $~ $~} dir.arf)
     [& paf]
   $(paf (welp paf /[p.n.dir.arf]))
 --
diff --git a/gen/moon.hoon b/gen/moon.hoon
index 2296ee621a..10f20bb16a 100644
--- a/gen/moon.hoon
+++ b/gen/moon.hoon
@@ -12,5 +12,5 @@
 :-  %noun
 ?>  =(1 (met 5 p.bec))
 =+  mon=(mix (lsh 5 1 (end 5 1 eny)) p.bec)
-=+  tic=((hard @p) .^(/a/(scot %p p.bec)/tick/(scot %da now)/(scot %p mon)))
+=+  tic=.^(@p /a/(scot %p p.bec)/tick/(scot %da now)/(scot %p mon))
 "moon: {<`@p`mon>}; ticket: {<tic>}"
diff --git a/gen/talk/load.hoon b/gen/talk/load.hoon
index c4dee4971d..aa4a79f0e2 100644
--- a/gen/talk/load.hoon
+++ b/gen/talk/load.hoon
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@
   !:
 :-  %say
 |=  $:  [now=@da eny=@uvI byk=beak]
-        [[man=span ~] ~]
+        [[man=knot ~] ~]
     ==
 [%talk-load man]
diff --git a/gen/talk/log.hoon b/gen/talk/log.hoon
index 1916e1caba..504f0fc65c 100644
--- a/gen/talk/log.hoon
+++ b/gen/talk/log.hoon
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@
   !:
 :-  %say
 |=  $:  [now=@da eny=@uvI byk=beak]
-        [[man=span ~] ~]
+        [[man=knot ~] ~]
     ==
 [%talk-log man]
diff --git a/gen/talk/save.hoon b/gen/talk/save.hoon
index 15d64094b8..5f71e67d23 100644
--- a/gen/talk/save.hoon
+++ b/gen/talk/save.hoon
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@
   !:
 :-  %say
 |=  $:  [now=@da eny=@uvI byk=beak]
-        [[man=span ~] ~]
+        [[man=knot ~] ~]
     ==
 [%talk-save man]
diff --git a/gen/talk/unlog.hoon b/gen/talk/unlog.hoon
index bcf438c751..a2b9592dfd 100644
--- a/gen/talk/unlog.hoon
+++ b/gen/talk/unlog.hoon
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@
   !:
 :-  %say
 |=  $:  [now=@da eny=@uvI byk=beak]
-        [[man=span ~] ~]
+        [[man=knot ~] ~]
     ==
 [%talk-unlog man]
diff --git a/gen/tree.hoon b/gen/tree.hoon
index 36098d040f..f203741d15 100644
--- a/gen/tree.hoon
+++ b/gen/tree.hoon
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 =+  rend=?^(fla smyt |=(a/path (smyt (slag len a))))
 :-  %tang  %-  flop
 |-  ^-  tang
-=+  ark=;;(arch .^(cy+pax))
+=+  ark=.^(arch cy+pax))
 =-  ?~  fil.ark  -
     [(rend pax) -]
 %-  zing
diff --git a/ren/rss-xml.hoon b/ren/rss-xml.hoon
index 46cca111e3..be957186a3 100644
--- a/ren/rss-xml.hoon
+++ b/ren/rss-xml.hoon
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
   ::
 /?    314
 /=  sum  /snip/
-/^  kid=(map span ,[marl marl])
+/^  kid=(map knot ,[marl marl])
     /_  /snip/
 /$    |=([bem=beam but=path] [our=p.bem tub=(slag 1 (flop but))])
 ::
diff --git a/ren/tree/combine.hoon b/ren/tree/combine.hoon
index 1e1e39f250..dcd2e84260 100644
--- a/ren/tree/combine.hoon
+++ b/ren/tree/combine.hoon
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@
 !:
 ^-    tree-include
 =+  rj=react-to-json:react
-=+  cj=|=([a=time b=manx] (jobe time/(jode a) body/(rj b) ~))
+=+  cj=|=({a/time b/manx} (jobe time+(jode a) body+(rj b) ~))
 :*  mime
     (rj body)
     (rj /h1 hed.snip)   :: head
     (rj /div tal.snip)  :: snip
     meta
     sect
-    [%a (turn (sort comt |=([a=* b=*] (lor b a))) cj)]
+    [%a (turn (sort comt |=({a/* b/*} (lor b a))) cj)]
 ==
diff --git a/ren/tree/index.hoon b/ren/tree/index.hoon
index c725b08fd3..100ac71ca4 100644
--- a/ren/tree/index.hoon
+++ b/ren/tree/index.hoon
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
     /;  (getall:tree /h1/h2/h3/h4/h5/h6)  /tree-elem/
 ::
           /pub/docs/dev/hoon/runes
-    /;  |=  [tip=marl sub=(map span marl) ~]
+    /;  |=  [tip=marl sub=(map knot marl) ~]
         (zing `(list marl)`[tip (turn (~(tap by sub)) tail)])
     /.    /;    (getall:tree %h1 ~)    /tree-elem/
           /_    /;    (getall:tree %h1 ~)    /tree-elem/
diff --git a/ren/tree/json.hoon b/ren/tree/json.hoon
index 46ddd822e9..29847df632 100644
--- a/ren/tree/json.hoon
+++ b/ren/tree/json.hoon
@@ -5,14 +5,14 @@
 /+    tree
 /=    gas    /$    fuel
 /=    dat    /^    tree-include    /tree-include/
-/=    kid    /^    (map span tree-include)
+/=    kid    /^    (map knot tree-include)
              /_    /tree-include/
 !:
 ::::
   ::
 |%
 ++  schema  (dict {term $@(mark schema)})
-++  dict    |*(a=_* $^({a (dict a)} a))
+++  dict    |*(a/_* $^({a (dict a)} a))
 ++  query
   $%  {$kids p/(list query)}
       {$name $t}
@@ -32,10 +32,10 @@
   ?@(-.a [(to-query a) ~] [(to-query -.a) $(a +.a)])
 ::
 ++  to-query
-  |=  a/{term $@(mark schema)}
+  |=  a/{term $@(mark schema)}  ^-  query
   ~|  invalid-query+a
   ?+  -.a  ;;(query a)
-    %kids  [%kids (to-queries ?@(+.a !! +.a))]
+    $kids  [%kids (to-queries ?@(+.a !! +.a))]
   ==
 ++  from-type                         ::  XX holding out for noun odors
   |=  a/$%({$t p/cord} {$r p/json} {$j p/json} {$m mime})
@@ -61,9 +61,9 @@
     $meta  (from-type +.a meta.dat)
     $mime  (from-type +.a mime.dat)
     $body  (from-type +.a body.dat)
-    $kids  ?<  (~(has by (mo p.a)) %kids)  ::  XX recursion? 
+    $kids  ?<  (~(has by (malt p.a)) %kids)  ::  XX recursion? 
            =<  o+(~(urn by kid) .)
-           |=  {dir/span dak/tree-include}
+           |=  {dir/knot dak/tree-include}  ^-  json
            ^^$(quy p.a, s.bem [dir s.bem], dat dak, kid ~)
   ==
 --