diff --git a/api/v1/activity.go b/api/v1/activity.go
index a5d1bc5b..ff90bbf0 100644
--- a/api/v1/activity.go
+++ b/api/v1/activity.go
@@ -71,13 +71,13 @@ func (l ActivityLevel) String() string {
 }
 
 type ActivityUserCreatePayload struct {
-	UserID   int    `json:"userId"`
+	UserID   int32  `json:"userId"`
 	Username string `json:"username"`
 	Role     Role   `json:"role"`
 }
 
 type ActivityUserAuthSignInPayload struct {
-	UserID int    `json:"userId"`
+	UserID int32  `json:"userId"`
 	IP     string `json:"ip"`
 }
 
@@ -107,10 +107,10 @@ type ActivityServerStartPayload struct {
 }
 
 type Activity struct {
-	ID int `json:"id"`
+	ID int32 `json:"id"`
 
 	// Standard fields
-	CreatorID int   `json:"creatorId"`
+	CreatorID int32 `json:"creatorId"`
 	CreatedTs int64 `json:"createdTs"`
 
 	// Domain specific fields
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ type Activity struct {
 // ActivityCreate is the API message for creating an activity.
 type ActivityCreate struct {
 	// Standard fields
-	CreatorID int
+	CreatorID int32
 
 	// Domain specific fields
 	Type    ActivityType `json:"type"`
diff --git a/api/v1/auth.go b/api/v1/auth.go
index cc2030a9..da9c803e 100644
--- a/api/v1/auth.go
+++ b/api/v1/auth.go
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ type SignIn struct {
 }
 
 type SSOSignIn struct {
-	IdentityProviderID int    `json:"identityProviderId"`
+	IdentityProviderID int32  `json:"identityProviderId"`
 	Code               string `json:"code"`
 	RedirectURI        string `json:"redirectUri"`
 }
diff --git a/api/v1/idp.go b/api/v1/idp.go
index 2580c2e6..0b63f749 100644
--- a/api/v1/idp.go
+++ b/api/v1/idp.go
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
-	"strconv"
 
 	"github.com/labstack/echo/v4"
 	"github.com/usememos/memos/api/auth"
+	"github.com/usememos/memos/common/util"
 	"github.com/usememos/memos/store"
 )
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ type FieldMapping struct {
 }
 
 type IdentityProvider struct {
-	ID               int                     `json:"id"`
+	ID               int32                   `json:"id"`
 	Name             string                  `json:"name"`
 	Type             IdentityProviderType    `json:"type"`
 	IdentifierFilter string                  `json:"identifierFilter"`
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ type CreateIdentityProviderRequest struct {
 }
 
 type UpdateIdentityProviderRequest struct {
-	ID               int                     `json:"-"`
+	ID               int32                   `json:"-"`
 	Type             IdentityProviderType    `json:"type"`
 	Name             *string                 `json:"name"`
 	IdentifierFilter *string                 `json:"identifierFilter"`
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ type UpdateIdentityProviderRequest struct {
 func (s *APIV1Service) registerIdentityProviderRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 	g.POST("/idp", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing user in session")
 		}
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerIdentityProviderRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 
 	g.PATCH("/idp/:idpId", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing user in session")
 		}
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerIdentityProviderRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Unauthorized")
 		}
 
-		identityProviderID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Param("idpId"))
+		identityProviderID, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(c.Param("idpId"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Sprintf("ID is not a number: %s", c.Param("idpId"))).SetInternal(err)
 		}
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerIdentityProviderRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusInternalServerError, "Failed to find identity provider list").SetInternal(err)
 		}
 
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		isHostUser := false
 		if ok {
 			user, err := s.Store.GetUser(ctx, &store.FindUser{
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerIdentityProviderRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 
 	g.GET("/idp/:idpId", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing user in session")
 		}
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerIdentityProviderRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Unauthorized")
 		}
 
-		identityProviderID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Param("idpId"))
+		identityProviderID, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(c.Param("idpId"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Sprintf("ID is not a number: %s", c.Param("idpId"))).SetInternal(err)
 		}
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerIdentityProviderRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 
 	g.DELETE("/idp/:idpId", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing user in session")
 		}
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerIdentityProviderRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Unauthorized")
 		}
 
-		identityProviderID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Param("idpId"))
+		identityProviderID, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(c.Param("idpId"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Sprintf("ID is not a number: %s", c.Param("idpId"))).SetInternal(err)
 		}
diff --git a/api/v1/jwt.go b/api/v1/jwt.go
index a3e1696c..af07f124 100644
--- a/api/v1/jwt.go
+++ b/api/v1/jwt.go
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package v1
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
@@ -21,7 +20,7 @@ type claimsMessage struct {
 }
 
 // GenerateAccessToken generates an access token for web.
-func GenerateAccessToken(username string, userID int, secret string) (string, error) {
+func GenerateAccessToken(username string, userID int32, secret string) (string, error) {
 	expirationTime := time.Now().Add(auth.AccessTokenDuration)
 	return generateToken(username, userID, auth.AccessTokenAudienceName, expirationTime, []byte(secret))
 }
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@ func setTokenCookie(c echo.Context, name, token string, expiration time.Time) {
 }
 
 // generateToken generates a jwt token.
-func generateToken(username string, userID int, aud string, expirationTime time.Time, secret []byte) (string, error) {
+func generateToken(username string, userID int32, aud string, expirationTime time.Time, secret []byte) (string, error) {
 	// Create the JWT claims, which includes the username and expiry time.
 	claims := &claimsMessage{
 		Name: username,
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ func generateToken(username string, userID int, aud string, expirationTime time.
 			ExpiresAt: jwt.NewNumericDate(expirationTime),
 			IssuedAt:  jwt.NewNumericDate(time.Now()),
 			Issuer:    auth.Issuer,
-			Subject:   strconv.Itoa(userID),
+			Subject:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", userID),
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -174,7 +173,7 @@ func JWTMiddleware(server *APIV1Service, next echo.HandlerFunc, secret string) e
 		}
 
 		// We either have a valid access token or we will attempt to generate new access token and refresh token
-		userID, err := strconv.Atoi(claims.Subject)
+		userID, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(claims.Subject)
 		if err != nil {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Malformed ID in the token.")
 		}
diff --git a/api/v1/memo.go b/api/v1/memo.go
index 1ce53cb2..ff01c894 100644
--- a/api/v1/memo.go
+++ b/api/v1/memo.go
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/labstack/echo/v4"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/usememos/memos/api/auth"
+	"github.com/usememos/memos/common/util"
 	"github.com/usememos/memos/store"
 )
 
@@ -39,11 +40,11 @@ func (v Visibility) String() string {
 }
 
 type Memo struct {
-	ID int `json:"id"`
+	ID int32 `json:"id"`
 
 	// Standard fields
 	RowStatus RowStatus `json:"rowStatus"`
-	CreatorID int       `json:"creatorId"`
+	CreatorID int32     `json:"creatorId"`
 	CreatedTs int64     `json:"createdTs"`
 	UpdatedTs int64     `json:"updatedTs"`
 
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ type Memo struct {
 
 type CreateMemoRequest struct {
 	// Standard fields
-	CreatorID int    `json:"-"`
+	CreatorID int32  `json:"-"`
 	CreatedTs *int64 `json:"createdTs"`
 
 	// Domain specific fields
@@ -70,12 +71,12 @@ type CreateMemoRequest struct {
 	Content    string     `json:"content"`
 
 	// Related fields
-	ResourceIDList []int                        `json:"resourceIdList"`
+	ResourceIDList []int32                      `json:"resourceIdList"`
 	RelationList   []*UpsertMemoRelationRequest `json:"relationList"`
 }
 
 type PatchMemoRequest struct {
-	ID int `json:"-"`
+	ID int32 `json:"-"`
 
 	// Standard fields
 	CreatedTs *int64 `json:"createdTs"`
@@ -87,16 +88,16 @@ type PatchMemoRequest struct {
 	Visibility *Visibility `json:"visibility"`
 
 	// Related fields
-	ResourceIDList []int                        `json:"resourceIdList"`
+	ResourceIDList []int32                      `json:"resourceIdList"`
 	RelationList   []*UpsertMemoRelationRequest `json:"relationList"`
 }
 
 type FindMemoRequest struct {
-	ID *int
+	ID *int32
 
 	// Standard fields
 	RowStatus *RowStatus
-	CreatorID *int
+	CreatorID *int32
 
 	// Domain specific fields
 	Pinned         *bool
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ const maxContentLength = 1 << 30
 func (s *APIV1Service) registerMemoRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 	g.POST("/memo", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing user in session")
 		}
@@ -225,12 +226,12 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerMemoRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 
 	g.PATCH("/memo/:memoId", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing user in session")
 		}
 
-		memoID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Param("memoId"))
+		memoID, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(c.Param("memoId"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Sprintf("ID is not a number: %s", c.Param("memoId"))).SetInternal(err)
 		}
@@ -352,7 +353,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerMemoRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 	g.GET("/memo", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
 		findMemoMessage := &store.FindMemo{}
-		if userID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.QueryParam("creatorId")); err == nil {
+		if userID, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(c.QueryParam("creatorId")); err == nil {
 			findMemoMessage.CreatorID = &userID
 		}
 
@@ -363,7 +364,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerMemoRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 			}
 		}
 
-		currentUserID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		currentUserID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			// Anonymous use should only fetch PUBLIC memos with specified user
 			if findMemoMessage.CreatorID == nil {
@@ -435,7 +436,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerMemoRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 
 	g.GET("/memo/:memoId", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		memoID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Param("memoId"))
+		memoID, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(c.Param("memoId"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Sprintf("ID is not a number: %s", c.Param("memoId"))).SetInternal(err)
 		}
@@ -450,7 +451,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerMemoRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusNotFound, fmt.Sprintf("Memo not found: %d", memoID))
 		}
 
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if memo.Visibility == store.Private {
 			if !ok || memo.CreatorID != userID {
 				return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusForbidden, "this memo is private only")
@@ -473,7 +474,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerMemoRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 		findMemoMessage := &store.FindMemo{
 			RowStatus: &normalStatus,
 		}
-		if creatorID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.QueryParam("creatorId")); err == nil {
+		if creatorID, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(c.QueryParam("creatorId")); err == nil {
 			findMemoMessage.CreatorID = &creatorID
 		}
 
@@ -488,7 +489,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerMemoRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, "Missing user id to find memo")
 		}
 
-		currentUserID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		currentUserID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			findMemoMessage.VisibilityList = []store.Visibility{store.Public}
 		} else {
@@ -590,11 +591,11 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerMemoRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 
 	g.DELETE("/memo/:memoId", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing user in session")
 		}
-		memoID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Param("memoId"))
+		memoID, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(c.Param("memoId"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Sprintf("ID is not a number: %s", c.Param("memoId"))).SetInternal(err)
 		}
@@ -757,12 +758,12 @@ func getMemoRelationListDiff(oldList, newList []*store.MemoRelation) (addedList,
 	return addedList, removedList
 }
 
-func getIDListDiff(oldList, newList []int) (addedList, removedList []int) {
-	oldMap := map[int]bool{}
+func getIDListDiff(oldList, newList []int32) (addedList, removedList []int32) {
+	oldMap := map[int32]bool{}
 	for _, id := range oldList {
 		oldMap[id] = true
 	}
-	newMap := map[int]bool{}
+	newMap := map[int32]bool{}
 	for _, id := range newList {
 		newMap[id] = true
 	}
diff --git a/api/v1/memo_organizer.go b/api/v1/memo_organizer.go
index 1e02912c..a55b7ffd 100644
--- a/api/v1/memo_organizer.go
+++ b/api/v1/memo_organizer.go
@@ -4,17 +4,17 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
-	"strconv"
 
 	"github.com/labstack/echo/v4"
 	"github.com/usememos/memos/api/auth"
+	"github.com/usememos/memos/common/util"
 	"github.com/usememos/memos/store"
 )
 
 type MemoOrganizer struct {
-	MemoID int  `json:"memoId"`
-	UserID int  `json:"userId"`
-	Pinned bool `json:"pinned"`
+	MemoID int32 `json:"memoId"`
+	UserID int32 `json:"userId"`
+	Pinned bool  `json:"pinned"`
 }
 
 type UpsertMemoOrganizerRequest struct {
@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@ type UpsertMemoOrganizerRequest struct {
 func (s *APIV1Service) registerMemoOrganizerRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 	g.POST("/memo/:memoId/organizer", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		memoID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Param("memoId"))
+		memoID, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(c.Param("memoId"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Sprintf("ID is not a number: %s", c.Param("memoId"))).SetInternal(err)
 		}
 
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing user in session")
 		}
diff --git a/api/v1/memo_relation.go b/api/v1/memo_relation.go
index 9ab8079a..63e94d56 100644
--- a/api/v1/memo_relation.go
+++ b/api/v1/memo_relation.go
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
-	"strconv"
 
 	"github.com/labstack/echo/v4"
+	"github.com/usememos/memos/common/util"
 	"github.com/usememos/memos/store"
 )
 
@@ -18,20 +18,20 @@ const (
 )
 
 type MemoRelation struct {
-	MemoID        int              `json:"memoId"`
-	RelatedMemoID int              `json:"relatedMemoId"`
+	MemoID        int32            `json:"memoId"`
+	RelatedMemoID int32            `json:"relatedMemoId"`
 	Type          MemoRelationType `json:"type"`
 }
 
 type UpsertMemoRelationRequest struct {
-	RelatedMemoID int              `json:"relatedMemoId"`
+	RelatedMemoID int32            `json:"relatedMemoId"`
 	Type          MemoRelationType `json:"type"`
 }
 
 func (s *APIV1Service) registerMemoRelationRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 	g.POST("/memo/:memoId/relation", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		memoID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Param("memoId"))
+		memoID, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(c.Param("memoId"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Sprintf("ID is not a number: %s", c.Param("memoId"))).SetInternal(err)
 		}
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerMemoRelationRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 
 	g.GET("/memo/:memoId/relation", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		memoID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Param("memoId"))
+		memoID, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(c.Param("memoId"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Sprintf("ID is not a number: %s", c.Param("memoId"))).SetInternal(err)
 		}
@@ -70,11 +70,11 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerMemoRelationRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 
 	g.DELETE("/memo/:memoId/relation/:relatedMemoId/type/:relationType", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		memoID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Param("memoId"))
+		memoID, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(c.Param("memoId"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Sprintf("Memo ID is not a number: %s", c.Param("memoId"))).SetInternal(err)
 		}
-		relatedMemoID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Param("relatedMemoId"))
+		relatedMemoID, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(c.Param("relatedMemoId"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Sprintf("Related memo ID is not a number: %s", c.Param("resourceId"))).SetInternal(err)
 		}
diff --git a/api/v1/memo_resource.go b/api/v1/memo_resource.go
index 197cacff..26fa5692 100644
--- a/api/v1/memo_resource.go
+++ b/api/v1/memo_resource.go
@@ -4,45 +4,45 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
-	"strconv"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/labstack/echo/v4"
 	"github.com/usememos/memos/api/auth"
+	"github.com/usememos/memos/common/util"
 	"github.com/usememos/memos/store"
 )
 
 type MemoResource struct {
-	MemoID     int   `json:"memoId"`
-	ResourceID int   `json:"resourceId"`
+	MemoID     int32 `json:"memoId"`
+	ResourceID int32 `json:"resourceId"`
 	CreatedTs  int64 `json:"createdTs"`
 	UpdatedTs  int64 `json:"updatedTs"`
 }
 
 type UpsertMemoResourceRequest struct {
-	ResourceID int    `json:"resourceId"`
+	ResourceID int32  `json:"resourceId"`
 	UpdatedTs  *int64 `json:"updatedTs"`
 }
 
 type MemoResourceFind struct {
-	MemoID     *int
-	ResourceID *int
+	MemoID     *int32
+	ResourceID *int32
 }
 
 type MemoResourceDelete struct {
-	MemoID     *int
-	ResourceID *int
+	MemoID     *int32
+	ResourceID *int32
 }
 
 func (s *APIV1Service) registerMemoResourceRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 	g.POST("/memo/:memoId/resource", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		memoID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Param("memoId"))
+		memoID, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(c.Param("memoId"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Sprintf("ID is not a number: %s", c.Param("memoId"))).SetInternal(err)
 		}
 
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing user in session")
 		}
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerMemoResourceRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 
 	g.GET("/memo/:memoId/resource", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		memoID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Param("memoId"))
+		memoID, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(c.Param("memoId"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Sprintf("ID is not a number: %s", c.Param("memoId"))).SetInternal(err)
 		}
@@ -98,15 +98,15 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerMemoResourceRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 
 	g.DELETE("/memo/:memoId/resource/:resourceId", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing user in session")
 		}
-		memoID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Param("memoId"))
+		memoID, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(c.Param("memoId"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Sprintf("Memo ID is not a number: %s", c.Param("memoId"))).SetInternal(err)
 		}
-		resourceID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Param("resourceId"))
+		resourceID, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(c.Param("resourceId"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Sprintf("Resource ID is not a number: %s", c.Param("resourceId"))).SetInternal(err)
 		}
diff --git a/api/v1/resource.go b/api/v1/resource.go
index b65fb286..9edb7031 100644
--- a/api/v1/resource.go
+++ b/api/v1/resource.go
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ import (
 )
 
 type Resource struct {
-	ID int `json:"id"`
+	ID int32 `json:"id"`
 
 	// Standard fields
-	CreatorID int   `json:"creatorId"`
+	CreatorID int32 `json:"creatorId"`
 	CreatedTs int64 `json:"createdTs"`
 	UpdatedTs int64 `json:"updatedTs"`
 
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ type CreateResourceRequest struct {
 }
 
 type FindResourceRequest struct {
-	ID        *int    `json:"id"`
-	CreatorID *int    `json:"creatorId"`
+	ID        *int32  `json:"id"`
+	CreatorID *int32  `json:"creatorId"`
 	Filename  *string `json:"filename"`
 }
 
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ var fileKeyPattern = regexp.MustCompile(`\{[a-z]{1,9}\}`)
 func (s *APIV1Service) registerResourceRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 	g.POST("/resource", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing user in session")
 		}
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerResourceRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 
 	g.POST("/resource/blob", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing user in session")
 		}
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerResourceRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 
 	g.GET("/resource", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing user in session")
 		}
@@ -244,12 +244,12 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerResourceRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 
 	g.PATCH("/resource/:resourceId", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing user in session")
 		}
 
-		resourceID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Param("resourceId"))
+		resourceID, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(c.Param("resourceId"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Sprintf("ID is not a number: %s", c.Param("resourceId"))).SetInternal(err)
 		}
@@ -290,12 +290,12 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerResourceRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 
 	g.DELETE("/resource/:resourceId", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing user in session")
 		}
 
-		resourceID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Param("resourceId"))
+		resourceID, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(c.Param("resourceId"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Sprintf("ID is not a number: %s", c.Param("resourceId"))).SetInternal(err)
 		}
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerResourceRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 func (s *APIV1Service) registerResourcePublicRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 	f := func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		resourceID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Param("resourceId"))
+		resourceID, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(c.Param("resourceId"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Sprintf("ID is not a number: %s", c.Param("resourceId"))).SetInternal(err)
 		}
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerResourcePublicRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 		}
 
 		// Protected resource require a logined user
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if resourceVisibility == store.Protected && (!ok || userID <= 0) {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Resource visibility not match").SetInternal(err)
 		}
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ func getOrGenerateThumbnailImage(srcBlob []byte, dstPath string) ([]byte, error)
 	return dstBlob, nil
 }
 
-func checkResourceVisibility(ctx context.Context, s *store.Store, resourceID int) (store.Visibility, error) {
+func checkResourceVisibility(ctx context.Context, s *store.Store, resourceID int32) (store.Visibility, error) {
 	memoResources, err := s.ListMemoResources(ctx, &store.FindMemoResource{
 		ResourceID: &resourceID,
 	})
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ func checkResourceVisibility(ctx context.Context, s *store.Store, resourceID int
 		return store.Private, nil
 	}
 
-	memoIDs := make([]int, 0, len(memoResources))
+	memoIDs := make([]int32, 0, len(memoResources))
 	for _, memoResource := range memoResources {
 		memoIDs = append(memoIDs, memoResource.MemoID)
 	}
diff --git a/api/v1/rss.go b/api/v1/rss.go
index 7d130cf2..320d3938 100644
--- a/api/v1/rss.go
+++ b/api/v1/rss.go
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerRSSRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 
 	g.GET("/u/:id/rss.xml", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		id, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Param("id"))
+		id, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(c.Param("id"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, "User id is not a number").SetInternal(err)
 		}
@@ -94,10 +94,10 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) generateRSSFromMemoList(ctx context.Context, memoList []*
 		memo := memoList[i]
 		feed.Items[i] = &feeds.Item{
 			Title:       getRSSItemTitle(memo.Content),
-			Link:        &feeds.Link{Href: baseURL + "/m/" + strconv.Itoa(memo.ID)},
+			Link:        &feeds.Link{Href: baseURL + "/m/" + fmt.Sprintf("%d", memo.ID)},
 			Description: getRSSItemDescription(memo.Content),
 			Created:     time.Unix(memo.CreatedTs, 0),
-			Enclosure:   &feeds.Enclosure{Url: baseURL + "/m/" + strconv.Itoa(memo.ID) + "/image"},
+			Enclosure:   &feeds.Enclosure{Url: baseURL + "/m/" + fmt.Sprintf("%d", memo.ID) + "/image"},
 		}
 		if len(memo.ResourceIDList) > 0 {
 			resourceID := memo.ResourceIDList[0]
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) generateRSSFromMemoList(ctx context.Context, memoList []*
 			if resource.ExternalLink != "" {
 				enclosure.Url = resource.ExternalLink
 			} else {
-				enclosure.Url = baseURL + "/o/r/" + strconv.Itoa(resource.ID)
+				enclosure.Url = baseURL + "/o/r/" + fmt.Sprintf("%d", resource.ID)
 			}
 			enclosure.Length = strconv.Itoa(int(resource.Size))
 			enclosure.Type = resource.Type
diff --git a/api/v1/storage.go b/api/v1/storage.go
index f5b181fc..e7beba7f 100644
--- a/api/v1/storage.go
+++ b/api/v1/storage.go
@@ -4,18 +4,18 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
-	"strconv"
 
 	"github.com/labstack/echo/v4"
 	"github.com/usememos/memos/api/auth"
+	"github.com/usememos/memos/common/util"
 	"github.com/usememos/memos/store"
 )
 
 const (
 	// LocalStorage means the storage service is local file system.
-	LocalStorage = -1
+	LocalStorage int32 = -1
 	// DatabaseStorage means the storage service is database.
-	DatabaseStorage = 0
+	DatabaseStorage int32 = 0
 )
 
 type StorageType string
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ type StorageS3Config struct {
 }
 
 type Storage struct {
-	ID     int            `json:"id"`
+	ID     int32          `json:"id"`
 	Name   string         `json:"name"`
 	Type   StorageType    `json:"type"`
 	Config *StorageConfig `json:"config"`
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ type UpdateStorageRequest struct {
 func (s *APIV1Service) registerStorageRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 	g.POST("/storage", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing user in session")
 		}
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerStorageRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 
 	g.PATCH("/storage/:storageId", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing user in session")
 		}
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerStorageRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Unauthorized")
 		}
 
-		storageID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Param("storageId"))
+		storageID, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(c.Param("storageId"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Sprintf("ID is not a number: %s", c.Param("storageId"))).SetInternal(err)
 		}
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerStorageRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 
 	g.GET("/storage", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing user in session")
 		}
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerStorageRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 
 	g.DELETE("/storage/:storageId", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing user in session")
 		}
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerStorageRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Unauthorized")
 		}
 
-		storageID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Param("storageId"))
+		storageID, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(c.Param("storageId"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Sprintf("ID is not a number: %s", c.Param("storageId"))).SetInternal(err)
 		}
diff --git a/api/v1/system.go b/api/v1/system.go
index 1f48f1fb..3c8b2578 100644
--- a/api/v1/system.go
+++ b/api/v1/system.go
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ type SystemStatus struct {
 	// Customized server profile, including server name and external url.
 	CustomizedProfile CustomizedProfile `json:"customizedProfile"`
 	// Storage service ID.
-	StorageServiceID int `json:"storageServiceId"`
+	StorageServiceID int32 `json:"storageServiceId"`
 	// Local storage path.
 	LocalStoragePath string `json:"localStoragePath"`
 	// Memo display with updated timestamp.
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerSystemRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 				}
 				systemStatus.CustomizedProfile = customizedProfile
 			case SystemSettingStorageServiceIDName.String():
-				systemStatus.StorageServiceID = int(baseValue.(float64))
+				systemStatus.StorageServiceID = int32(baseValue.(float64))
 			case SystemSettingLocalStoragePathName.String():
 				systemStatus.LocalStoragePath = baseValue.(string)
 			case SystemSettingMemoDisplayWithUpdatedTsName.String():
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerSystemRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 
 	g.POST("/system/vacuum", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing user in session")
 		}
diff --git a/api/v1/system_setting.go b/api/v1/system_setting.go
index cb5f28fd..6aec4490 100644
--- a/api/v1/system_setting.go
+++ b/api/v1/system_setting.go
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ func (upsert UpsertSystemSettingRequest) Validate() error {
 func (s *APIV1Service) registerSystemSettingRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 	g.POST("/system/setting", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing user in session")
 		}
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerSystemSettingRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 
 	g.GET("/system/setting", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing user in session")
 		}
diff --git a/api/v1/tag.go b/api/v1/tag.go
index 1c4488a4..12d95f57 100644
--- a/api/v1/tag.go
+++ b/api/v1/tag.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import (
 
 type Tag struct {
 	Name      string
-	CreatorID int
+	CreatorID int32
 }
 
 type UpsertTagRequest struct {
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ type DeleteTagRequest struct {
 func (s *APIV1Service) registerTagRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 	g.POST("/tag", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing user in session")
 		}
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerTagRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 
 	g.GET("/tag", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, "Missing user id to find tag")
 		}
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerTagRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 
 	g.GET("/tag/suggestion", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, "Missing user session")
 		}
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerTagRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 
 	g.POST("/tag/delete", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing user in session")
 		}
diff --git a/api/v1/user.go b/api/v1/user.go
index 7fa672e3..51fc863d 100644
--- a/api/v1/user.go
+++ b/api/v1/user.go
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
-	"strconv"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/labstack/echo/v4"
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ func (role Role) String() string {
 }
 
 type User struct {
-	ID int `json:"id"`
+	ID int32 `json:"id"`
 
 	// Standard fields
 	RowStatus RowStatus `json:"rowStatus"`
@@ -133,7 +132,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerUserRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 	// POST /user - Create a new user.
 	g.POST("/user", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing auth session")
 		}
@@ -208,7 +207,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerUserRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 	// GET /user/me - Get current user.
 	g.GET("/user/me", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing auth session")
 		}
@@ -239,7 +238,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerUserRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 	// GET /user/:id - Get user by id.
 	g.GET("/user/:id", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		id, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Param("id"))
+		id, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(c.Param("id"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, "Malformatted user id").SetInternal(err)
 		}
@@ -282,12 +281,12 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerUserRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 	// PUT /user/:id - Update user by id.
 	g.PATCH("/user/:id", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		userID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Param("id"))
+		userID, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(c.Param("id"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Sprintf("ID is not a number: %s", c.Param("id"))).SetInternal(err)
 		}
 
-		currentUserID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		currentUserID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing user in session")
 		}
@@ -367,7 +366,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerUserRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 	// DELETE /user/:id - Delete user by id.
 	g.DELETE("/user/:id", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		currentUserID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		currentUserID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing user in session")
 		}
@@ -383,7 +382,7 @@ func (s *APIV1Service) registerUserRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusForbidden, "Unauthorized to delete user").SetInternal(err)
 		}
 
-		userID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Param("id"))
+		userID, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(c.Param("id"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Sprintf("ID is not a number: %s", c.Param("id"))).SetInternal(err)
 		}
diff --git a/api/v1/user_setting.go b/api/v1/user_setting.go
index cab0f53b..4ef883f3 100644
--- a/api/v1/user_setting.go
+++ b/api/v1/user_setting.go
@@ -67,13 +67,13 @@ var (
 )
 
 type UserSetting struct {
-	UserID int            `json:"userId"`
+	UserID int32          `json:"userId"`
 	Key    UserSettingKey `json:"key"`
 	Value  string         `json:"value"`
 }
 
 type UpsertUserSettingRequest struct {
-	UserID int            `json:"-"`
+	UserID int32          `json:"-"`
 	Key    UserSettingKey `json:"key"`
 	Value  string         `json:"value"`
 }
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ func (upsert UpsertUserSettingRequest) Validate() error {
 func (s *APIV1Service) registerUserSettingRoutes(g *echo.Group) {
 	g.POST("/user/setting", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		ctx := c.Request().Context()
-		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int)
+		userID, ok := c.Get(auth.UserIDContextKey).(int32)
 		if !ok {
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized, "Missing auth session")
 		}
diff --git a/api/v2/jwt.go b/api/v2/jwt.go
index 7fdf3cad..f26eb1a5 100644
--- a/api/v2/jwt.go
+++ b/api/v2/jwt.go
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v4"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/usememos/memos/api/auth"
+	"github.com/usememos/memos/common/util"
 	"github.com/usememos/memos/store"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ func (in *GRPCAuthInterceptor) AuthenticationInterceptor(ctx context.Context, re
 	return handler(childCtx, request)
 }
 
-func (in *GRPCAuthInterceptor) authenticate(ctx context.Context, accessTokenStr string) (int, error) {
+func (in *GRPCAuthInterceptor) authenticate(ctx context.Context, accessTokenStr string) (int32, error) {
 	if accessTokenStr == "" {
 		return 0, status.Errorf(codes.Unauthenticated, "access token not found")
 	}
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ func (in *GRPCAuthInterceptor) authenticate(ctx context.Context, accessTokenStr
 		)
 	}
 
-	userID, err := strconv.Atoi(claims.Subject)
+	userID, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(claims.Subject)
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, status.Errorf(codes.Unauthenticated, "malformed ID %q in the access token", claims.Subject)
 	}
diff --git a/api/v2/tag_service.go b/api/v2/tag_service.go
index 3f063fdf..1a5500d1 100644
--- a/api/v2/tag_service.go
+++ b/api/v2/tag_service.go
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ func NewTagService(store *store.Store) *TagService {
 
 func (s *TagService) ListTags(ctx context.Context, request *apiv2pb.ListTagsRequest) (*apiv2pb.ListTagsResponse, error) {
 	tags, err := s.Store.ListTags(ctx, &store.FindTag{
-		CreatorID: int(request.CreatorId),
+		CreatorID: request.CreatorId,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "failed to list tags: %v", err)
diff --git a/api/v2/user_service.go b/api/v2/user_service.go
index c9b51403..abd3d036 100644
--- a/api/v2/user_service.go
+++ b/api/v2/user_service.go
@@ -37,9 +37,8 @@ func (s *UserService) GetUser(ctx context.Context, request *apiv2pb.GetUserReque
 	// Data desensitization.
 	userMessage.OpenId = ""
 
-	userUID := int(userMessage.Id)
 	userSettings, err := s.Store.ListUserSettings(ctx, &store.FindUserSetting{
-		UserID: &userUID,
+		UserID: &userMessage.Id,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "failed to list user settings: %v", err)
diff --git a/common/util/util.go b/common/util/util.go
index 4ae025d6..96d2fde8 100644
--- a/common/util/util.go
+++ b/common/util/util.go
@@ -4,11 +4,21 @@ import (
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"math/big"
 	"net/mail"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
 )
 
+// ConvertStringToInt32 converts a string to int32.
+func ConvertStringToInt32(src string) (int32, error) {
+	i, err := strconv.Atoi(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return int32(i), nil
+}
+
 // HasPrefixes returns true if the string s has any of the given prefixes.
 func HasPrefixes(src string, prefixes ...string) bool {
 	for _, prefix := range prefixes {
diff --git a/server/telegram.go b/server/telegram.go
index b3b1da1b..4de2fe74 100644
--- a/server/telegram.go
+++ b/server/telegram.go
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ func (t *telegramHandler) MessageHandle(ctx context.Context, bot *telegram.Bot,
 		return fmt.Errorf("fail to SendReplyMessage: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	var creatorID int
+	var creatorID int32
 	userSettingList, err := t.store.ListUserSettings(ctx, &store.FindUserSetting{
 		Key: apiv1.UserSettingTelegramUserIDKey.String(),
 	})
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ func (t *telegramHandler) MessageHandle(ctx context.Context, bot *telegram.Bot,
 }
 
 func (t *telegramHandler) CallbackQueryHandle(ctx context.Context, bot *telegram.Bot, callbackQuery telegram.CallbackQuery) error {
-	var memoID int
+	var memoID int32
 	var visibility store.Visibility
 	n, err := fmt.Sscanf(callbackQuery.Data, "%s %d", &visibility, &memoID)
 	if err != nil || n != 2 {
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ func (t *telegramHandler) CallbackQueryHandle(ctx context.Context, bot *telegram
 	return bot.AnswerCallbackQuery(ctx, callbackQuery.ID, fmt.Sprintf("Success change Memo %d to %s", memoID, visibility))
 }
 
-func generateKeyboardForMemoID(id int) [][]telegram.InlineKeyboardButton {
+func generateKeyboardForMemoID(id int32) [][]telegram.InlineKeyboardButton {
 	allVisibility := []store.Visibility{
 		store.Public,
 		store.Protected,
diff --git a/store/activity.go b/store/activity.go
index 639bb43e..96c80c5f 100644
--- a/store/activity.go
+++ b/store/activity.go
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ import (
 )
 
 type Activity struct {
-	ID int
+	ID int32
 
 	// Standard fields
-	CreatorID int
+	CreatorID int32
 	CreatedTs int64
 
 	// Domain specific fields
diff --git a/store/cache.go b/store/cache.go
index 15cd713f..2a060f9b 100644
--- a/store/cache.go
+++ b/store/cache.go
@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 )
 
-func getUserSettingCacheKey(userID int, key string) string {
+func getUserSettingCacheKey(userID int32, key string) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%d-%s", userID, key)
 }
diff --git a/store/idp.go b/store/idp.go
index e94eab73..61a1df8a 100644
--- a/store/idp.go
+++ b/store/idp.go
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ type FieldMapping struct {
 }
 
 type IdentityProvider struct {
-	ID               int
+	ID               int32
 	Name             string
 	Type             IdentityProviderType
 	IdentifierFilter string
@@ -46,11 +46,11 @@ type IdentityProvider struct {
 }
 
 type FindIdentityProvider struct {
-	ID *int
+	ID *int32
 }
 
 type UpdateIdentityProvider struct {
-	ID               int
+	ID               int32
 	Type             IdentityProviderType
 	Name             *string
 	IdentifierFilter *string
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ type UpdateIdentityProvider struct {
 }
 
 type DeleteIdentityProvider struct {
-	ID int
+	ID int32
 }
 
 func (s *Store) CreateIdentityProvider(ctx context.Context, create *IdentityProvider) (*IdentityProvider, error) {
diff --git a/store/memo.go b/store/memo.go
index 83c7b0f9..af259b72 100644
--- a/store/memo.go
+++ b/store/memo.go
@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"database/sql"
 	"fmt"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/usememos/memos/common/util"
 )
 
 // Visibility is the type of a visibility.
@@ -34,11 +35,11 @@ func (v Visibility) String() string {
 }
 
 type Memo struct {
-	ID int
+	ID int32
 
 	// Standard fields
 	RowStatus RowStatus
-	CreatorID int
+	CreatorID int32
 	CreatedTs int64
 	UpdatedTs int64
 
@@ -48,16 +49,16 @@ type Memo struct {
 
 	// Composed fields
 	Pinned         bool
-	ResourceIDList []int
+	ResourceIDList []int32
 	RelationList   []*MemoRelation
 }
 
 type FindMemo struct {
-	ID *int
+	ID *int32
 
 	// Standard fields
 	RowStatus *RowStatus
-	CreatorID *int
+	CreatorID *int32
 
 	// Domain specific fields
 	Pinned         *bool
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ type FindMemo struct {
 }
 
 type UpdateMemo struct {
-	ID         int
+	ID         int32
 	CreatedTs  *int64
 	UpdatedTs  *int64
 	RowStatus  *RowStatus
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ type UpdateMemo struct {
 }
 
 type DeleteMemo struct {
-	ID int
+	ID int32
 }
 
 func (s *Store) CreateMemo(ctx context.Context, create *Memo) (*Memo, error) {
@@ -220,9 +221,9 @@ func (s *Store) ListMemos(ctx context.Context, find *FindMemo) ([]*Memo, error)
 
 		if memoResourceIDList.Valid {
 			idStringList := strings.Split(memoResourceIDList.String, ",")
-			memo.ResourceIDList = make([]int, 0, len(idStringList))
+			memo.ResourceIDList = make([]int32, 0, len(idStringList))
 			for _, idString := range idStringList {
-				id, err := strconv.Atoi(idString)
+				id, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(idString)
 				if err != nil {
 					return nil, err
 				}
@@ -237,7 +238,7 @@ func (s *Store) ListMemos(ctx context.Context, find *FindMemo) ([]*Memo, error)
 				if len(relatedMemoTypeList) != 2 {
 					return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid relation format")
 				}
-				relatedMemoID, err := strconv.Atoi(relatedMemoTypeList[0])
+				relatedMemoID, err := util.ConvertStringToInt32(relatedMemoTypeList[0])
 				if err != nil {
 					return nil, err
 				}
@@ -318,7 +319,7 @@ func (s *Store) DeleteMemo(ctx context.Context, delete *DeleteMemo) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *Store) FindMemosVisibilityList(ctx context.Context, memoIDs []int) ([]Visibility, error) {
+func (s *Store) FindMemosVisibilityList(ctx context.Context, memoIDs []int32) ([]Visibility, error) {
 	args := make([]any, 0, len(memoIDs))
 	list := make([]string, 0, len(memoIDs))
 	for _, memoID := range memoIDs {
diff --git a/store/memo_organizer.go b/store/memo_organizer.go
index 910440a8..9737cffb 100644
--- a/store/memo_organizer.go
+++ b/store/memo_organizer.go
@@ -8,19 +8,19 @@ import (
 )
 
 type MemoOrganizer struct {
-	MemoID int
-	UserID int
+	MemoID int32
+	UserID int32
 	Pinned bool
 }
 
 type FindMemoOrganizer struct {
-	MemoID int
-	UserID int
+	MemoID int32
+	UserID int32
 }
 
 type DeleteMemoOrganizer struct {
-	MemoID *int
-	UserID *int
+	MemoID *int32
+	UserID *int32
 }
 
 func (s *Store) UpsertMemoOrganizer(ctx context.Context, upsert *MemoOrganizer) (*MemoOrganizer, error) {
diff --git a/store/memo_relation.go b/store/memo_relation.go
index d32a7f35..a411a775 100644
--- a/store/memo_relation.go
+++ b/store/memo_relation.go
@@ -14,20 +14,20 @@ const (
 )
 
 type MemoRelation struct {
-	MemoID        int
-	RelatedMemoID int
+	MemoID        int32
+	RelatedMemoID int32
 	Type          MemoRelationType
 }
 
 type FindMemoRelation struct {
-	MemoID        *int
-	RelatedMemoID *int
+	MemoID        *int32
+	RelatedMemoID *int32
 	Type          *MemoRelationType
 }
 
 type DeleteMemoRelation struct {
-	MemoID        *int
-	RelatedMemoID *int
+	MemoID        *int32
+	RelatedMemoID *int32
 	Type          *MemoRelationType
 }
 
diff --git a/store/memo_resource.go b/store/memo_resource.go
index 80d993d0..6bde5ee6 100644
--- a/store/memo_resource.go
+++ b/store/memo_resource.go
@@ -7,27 +7,27 @@ import (
 )
 
 type MemoResource struct {
-	MemoID     int
-	ResourceID int
+	MemoID     int32
+	ResourceID int32
 	CreatedTs  int64
 	UpdatedTs  int64
 }
 
 type UpsertMemoResource struct {
-	MemoID     int
-	ResourceID int
+	MemoID     int32
+	ResourceID int32
 	CreatedTs  int64
 	UpdatedTs  *int64
 }
 
 type FindMemoResource struct {
-	MemoID     *int
-	ResourceID *int
+	MemoID     *int32
+	ResourceID *int32
 }
 
 type DeleteMemoResource struct {
-	MemoID     *int
-	ResourceID *int
+	MemoID     *int32
+	ResourceID *int32
 }
 
 func (s *Store) UpsertMemoResource(ctx context.Context, upsert *UpsertMemoResource) (*MemoResource, error) {
diff --git a/store/resource.go b/store/resource.go
index 706b6957..b72c12b6 100644
--- a/store/resource.go
+++ b/store/resource.go
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ import (
 )
 
 type Resource struct {
-	ID int
+	ID int32
 
 	// Standard fields
-	CreatorID int
+	CreatorID int32
 	CreatedTs int64
 	UpdatedTs int64
 
@@ -27,16 +27,16 @@ type Resource struct {
 
 type FindResource struct {
 	GetBlob   bool
-	ID        *int
-	CreatorID *int
+	ID        *int32
+	CreatorID *int32
 	Filename  *string
-	MemoID    *int
+	MemoID    *int32
 	Limit     *int
 	Offset    *int
 }
 
 type UpdateResource struct {
-	ID           int
+	ID           int32
 	UpdatedTs    *int64
 	Filename     *string
 	InternalPath *string
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ type UpdateResource struct {
 }
 
 type DeleteResource struct {
-	ID int
+	ID int32
 }
 
 func (s *Store) CreateResource(ctx context.Context, create *Resource) (*Resource, error) {
diff --git a/store/storage.go b/store/storage.go
index 8e8c7802..2562c2c8 100644
--- a/store/storage.go
+++ b/store/storage.go
@@ -6,24 +6,24 @@ import (
 )
 
 type Storage struct {
-	ID     int
+	ID     int32
 	Name   string
 	Type   string
 	Config string
 }
 
 type FindStorage struct {
-	ID *int
+	ID *int32
 }
 
 type UpdateStorage struct {
-	ID     int
+	ID     int32
 	Name   *string
 	Config *string
 }
 
 type DeleteStorage struct {
-	ID int
+	ID int32
 }
 
 func (s *Store) CreateStorage(ctx context.Context, create *Storage) (*Storage, error) {
diff --git a/store/tag.go b/store/tag.go
index 37b0077f..713a076e 100644
--- a/store/tag.go
+++ b/store/tag.go
@@ -8,16 +8,16 @@ import (
 
 type Tag struct {
 	Name      string
-	CreatorID int
+	CreatorID int32
 }
 
 type FindTag struct {
-	CreatorID int
+	CreatorID int32
 }
 
 type DeleteTag struct {
 	Name      string
-	CreatorID int
+	CreatorID int32
 }
 
 func (s *Store) UpsertTag(ctx context.Context, upsert *Tag) (*Tag, error) {
diff --git a/store/user.go b/store/user.go
index 4ce11d70..3c10795b 100644
--- a/store/user.go
+++ b/store/user.go
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func (e Role) String() string {
 }
 
 type User struct {
-	ID int
+	ID int32
 
 	// Standard fields
 	RowStatus RowStatus
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ type User struct {
 }
 
 type UpdateUser struct {
-	ID int
+	ID int32
 
 	UpdatedTs    *int64
 	RowStatus    *RowStatus
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ type UpdateUser struct {
 }
 
 type FindUser struct {
-	ID        *int
+	ID        *int32
 	RowStatus *RowStatus
 	Username  *string
 	Role      *Role
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ type FindUser struct {
 }
 
 type DeleteUser struct {
-	ID int
+	ID int32
 }
 
 func (s *Store) CreateUser(ctx context.Context, create *User) (*User, error) {
diff --git a/store/user_setting.go b/store/user_setting.go
index fa948167..bd6e38a6 100644
--- a/store/user_setting.go
+++ b/store/user_setting.go
@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@ import (
 )
 
 type UserSetting struct {
-	UserID int
+	UserID int32
 	Key    string
 	Value  string
 }
 
 type FindUserSetting struct {
-	UserID *int
+	UserID *int32
 	Key    string
 }
 
diff --git a/test/server/memo_relation_test.go b/test/server/memo_relation_test.go
index a7d705c5..ca4deade 100644
--- a/test/server/memo_relation_test.go
+++ b/test/server/memo_relation_test.go
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ func TestMemoRelationServer(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Len(t, memo2.RelationList, 1)
 }
 
-func (s *TestingServer) postMemoRelationUpsert(memoID int, memoRelationUpsert *apiv1.UpsertMemoRelationRequest) (*apiv1.MemoRelation, error) {
+func (s *TestingServer) postMemoRelationUpsert(memoID int32, memoRelationUpsert *apiv1.UpsertMemoRelationRequest) (*apiv1.MemoRelation, error) {
 	rawData, err := json.Marshal(&memoRelationUpsert)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to marshal memo relation upsert")
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ func (s *TestingServer) postMemoRelationUpsert(memoID int, memoRelationUpsert *a
 	return memoRelation, nil
 }
 
-func (s *TestingServer) deleteMemoRelation(memoID int, relatedMemoID int, relationType apiv1.MemoRelationType) error {
+func (s *TestingServer) deleteMemoRelation(memoID int32, relatedMemoID int32, relationType apiv1.MemoRelationType) error {
 	_, err := s.delete(fmt.Sprintf("/api/v1/memo/%d/relation/%d/type/%s", memoID, relatedMemoID, relationType), nil)
 	return err
 }
diff --git a/test/server/memo_test.go b/test/server/memo_test.go
index 571163f7..5a24435b 100644
--- a/test/server/memo_test.go
+++ b/test/server/memo_test.go
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ func TestMemoServer(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Len(t, memoList, 0)
 }
 
-func (s *TestingServer) getMemo(memoID int) (*apiv1.Memo, error) {
+func (s *TestingServer) getMemo(memoID int32) (*apiv1.Memo, error) {
 	body, err := s.get(fmt.Sprintf("/api/v1/memo/%d", memoID), nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -145,12 +145,12 @@ func (s *TestingServer) patchMemo(memoPatch *apiv1.PatchMemoRequest) (*apiv1.Mem
 	return memo, nil
 }
 
-func (s *TestingServer) deleteMemo(memoID int) error {
+func (s *TestingServer) deleteMemo(memoID int32) error {
 	_, err := s.delete(fmt.Sprintf("/api/v1/memo/%d", memoID), nil)
 	return err
 }
 
-func (s *TestingServer) postMemoOrganizer(memoID int, memosOrganizer *apiv1.UpsertMemoOrganizerRequest) (*apiv1.Memo, error) {
+func (s *TestingServer) postMemoOrganizer(memoID int32, memosOrganizer *apiv1.UpsertMemoOrganizerRequest) (*apiv1.Memo, error) {
 	rawData, err := json.Marshal(&memosOrganizer)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to marshal memos organizer")
diff --git a/test/store/resource_test.go b/test/store/resource_test.go
index a861bd39..9a601076 100644
--- a/test/store/resource_test.go
+++ b/test/store/resource_test.go
@@ -29,15 +29,15 @@ func TestResourceStore(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, correctFilename, res.Filename)
-	require.Equal(t, 1, res.ID)
+	require.Equal(t, int32(1), res.ID)
 	notFoundResource, err := ts.GetResource(ctx, &store.FindResource{
 		Filename: &incorrectFilename,
 	})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Nil(t, notFoundResource)
 
-	correctCreatorID := 101
-	incorrectCreatorID := 102
+	var correctCreatorID int32 = 101
+	var incorrectCreatorID int32 = 102
 	_, err = ts.GetResource(ctx, &store.FindResource{
 		CreatorID: &correctCreatorID,
 	})