diff --git a/src/boundaries.rs b/src/boundaries.rs
index 875c6b295..6d5eb3bca 100644
--- a/src/boundaries.rs
+++ b/src/boundaries.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use crate::tab::Pane;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 pub mod boundary_type {
@@ -371,7 +372,7 @@ impl Boundaries {
             boundary_characters: HashMap::new(),
         }
     }
-    pub fn add_rect<R: Rect>(&mut self, rect: &R) {
+    pub fn add_rect(&mut self, rect: &Box<dyn Pane>) {
         if self.rect_right_boundary_is_before_screen_edge(rect) {
             // let boundary_x_coords = self.rect_right_boundary_x_coords(rect);
             let boundary_x_coords = rect.right_boundary_x_coords();
@@ -428,20 +429,20 @@ impl Boundaries {
         }
         vte_output
     }
-    fn rect_right_boundary_is_before_screen_edge<R: Rect>(&self, rect: &R) -> bool {
+    fn rect_right_boundary_is_before_screen_edge(&self, rect: &Box<dyn Pane>) -> bool {
         rect.x() + rect.columns() < self.columns
     }
-    fn rect_bottom_boundary_is_before_screen_edge<R: Rect>(&self, rect: &R) -> bool {
+    fn rect_bottom_boundary_is_before_screen_edge(&self, rect: &Box<dyn Pane>) -> bool {
         rect.y() + rect.rows() < self.rows
     }
-    fn rect_right_boundary_row_start<R: Rect>(&self, rect: &R) -> usize {
+    fn rect_right_boundary_row_start(&self, rect: &Box<dyn Pane>) -> usize {
         if rect.y() == 0 {
             0
         } else {
             rect.y() - 1
         }
     }
-    fn rect_right_boundary_row_end<R: Rect>(&self, rect: &R) -> usize {
+    fn rect_right_boundary_row_end(&self, rect: &Box<dyn Pane>) -> usize {
         let rect_bottom_row = rect.y() + rect.rows();
         // we do this because unless we're on the screen edge, we'd like to go one extra row to
         // connect to whatever boundary is beneath us
@@ -451,14 +452,14 @@ impl Boundaries {
             rect_bottom_row + 1
         }
     }
-    fn rect_bottom_boundary_col_start<R: Rect>(&self, rect: &R) -> usize {
+    fn rect_bottom_boundary_col_start(&self, rect: &Box<dyn Pane>) -> usize {
         if rect.x() == 0 {
             0
         } else {
             rect.x() - 1
         }
     }
-    fn rect_bottom_boundary_col_end<R: Rect>(&self, rect: &R) -> usize {
+    fn rect_bottom_boundary_col_end(&self, rect: &Box<dyn Pane>) -> usize {
         let rect_right_col = rect.x() + rect.columns();
         // we do this because unless we're on the screen edge, we'd like to go one extra column to
         // connect to whatever boundary is right of us
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index 526a67d29..3c70414ac 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -177,14 +177,7 @@ pub fn start(mut os_input: Box<dyn OsApi>, opts: Opt) {
     ) = sync_channel(0);
     let send_app_instructions =
         SenderWithContext::new(err_ctx, SenderType::SyncSender(send_app_instructions));
-    let mut screen = Screen::new(
-        receive_screen_instructions,
-        send_pty_instructions.clone(),
-        send_app_instructions.clone(),
-        &full_screen_ws,
-        os_input.clone(),
-        opts.max_panes,
-    );
+
     let mut pty_bus = PtyBus::new(
         receive_pty_instructions,
         send_screen_instructions.clone(),
@@ -286,113 +279,128 @@ pub fn start(mut os_input: Box<dyn OsApi>, opts: Opt) {
             .name("screen".to_string())
             .spawn({
                 let mut command_is_executing = command_is_executing.clone();
-                move || loop {
-                    let (event, mut err_ctx) = screen
-                        .receiver
-                        .recv()
-                        .expect("failed to receive event on channel");
-                    err_ctx.add_call(ContextType::Screen(ScreenContext::from(&event)));
-                    screen.send_app_instructions.update(err_ctx);
-                    screen.send_pty_instructions.update(err_ctx);
-                    match event {
-                        ScreenInstruction::Pty(pid, vte_event) => {
-                            screen
-                                .get_active_tab_mut()
-                                .unwrap()
-                                .handle_pty_event(pid, vte_event);
-                        }
-                        ScreenInstruction::Render => {
-                            screen.render();
-                        }
-                        ScreenInstruction::NewPane(pid) => {
-                            screen.get_active_tab_mut().unwrap().new_pane(pid);
-                            command_is_executing.done_opening_new_pane();
-                        }
-                        ScreenInstruction::HorizontalSplit(pid) => {
-                            screen.get_active_tab_mut().unwrap().horizontal_split(pid);
-                            command_is_executing.done_opening_new_pane();
-                        }
-                        ScreenInstruction::VerticalSplit(pid) => {
-                            screen.get_active_tab_mut().unwrap().vertical_split(pid);
-                            command_is_executing.done_opening_new_pane();
-                        }
-                        ScreenInstruction::WriteCharacter(bytes) => {
-                            screen
-                                .get_active_tab_mut()
-                                .unwrap()
-                                .write_to_active_terminal(bytes);
-                        }
-                        ScreenInstruction::ResizeLeft => {
-                            screen.get_active_tab_mut().unwrap().resize_left();
-                        }
-                        ScreenInstruction::ResizeRight => {
-                            screen.get_active_tab_mut().unwrap().resize_right();
-                        }
-                        ScreenInstruction::ResizeDown => {
-                            screen.get_active_tab_mut().unwrap().resize_down();
-                        }
-                        ScreenInstruction::ResizeUp => {
-                            screen.get_active_tab_mut().unwrap().resize_up();
-                        }
-                        ScreenInstruction::MoveFocus => {
-                            screen.get_active_tab_mut().unwrap().move_focus();
-                        }
-                        ScreenInstruction::MoveFocusLeft => {
-                            screen.get_active_tab_mut().unwrap().move_focus_left();
-                        }
-                        ScreenInstruction::MoveFocusDown => {
-                            screen.get_active_tab_mut().unwrap().move_focus_down();
-                        }
-                        ScreenInstruction::MoveFocusRight => {
-                            screen.get_active_tab_mut().unwrap().move_focus_right();
-                        }
-                        ScreenInstruction::MoveFocusUp => {
-                            screen.get_active_tab_mut().unwrap().move_focus_up();
-                        }
-                        ScreenInstruction::ScrollUp => {
-                            screen
-                                .get_active_tab_mut()
-                                .unwrap()
-                                .scroll_active_terminal_up();
-                        }
-                        ScreenInstruction::ScrollDown => {
-                            screen
-                                .get_active_tab_mut()
-                                .unwrap()
-                                .scroll_active_terminal_down();
-                        }
-                        ScreenInstruction::ClearScroll => {
-                            screen
-                                .get_active_tab_mut()
-                                .unwrap()
-                                .clear_active_terminal_scroll();
-                        }
-                        ScreenInstruction::CloseFocusedPane => {
-                            screen.get_active_tab_mut().unwrap().close_focused_pane();
-                            screen.render();
-                        }
-                        ScreenInstruction::ClosePane(id) => {
-                            screen.get_active_tab_mut().unwrap().close_pane(id);
-                            screen.render();
-                        }
-                        ScreenInstruction::ToggleActiveTerminalFullscreen => {
-                            screen
-                                .get_active_tab_mut()
-                                .unwrap()
-                                .toggle_active_terminal_fullscreen();
-                        }
-                        ScreenInstruction::NewTab(pane_id) => {
-                            screen.new_tab(pane_id);
-                            command_is_executing.done_opening_new_pane();
-                        }
-                        ScreenInstruction::SwitchTabNext => screen.switch_tab_next(),
-                        ScreenInstruction::SwitchTabPrev => screen.switch_tab_prev(),
-                        ScreenInstruction::CloseTab => screen.close_tab(),
-                        ScreenInstruction::ApplyLayout((layout, new_pane_pids)) => {
-                            screen.apply_layout(layout, new_pane_pids)
-                        }
-                        ScreenInstruction::Quit => {
-                            break;
+                let os_input = os_input.clone();
+                let send_pty_instructions = send_pty_instructions.clone();
+                let send_app_instructions = send_app_instructions.clone();
+                let max_panes = opts.max_panes;
+
+                move || {
+                    let mut screen = Screen::new(
+                        receive_screen_instructions,
+                        send_pty_instructions,
+                        send_app_instructions,
+                        &full_screen_ws,
+                        os_input,
+                        max_panes,
+                    );
+                    loop {
+                        let (event, mut err_ctx) = screen
+                            .receiver
+                            .recv()
+                            .expect("failed to receive event on channel");
+                        err_ctx.add_call(ContextType::Screen(ScreenContext::from(&event)));
+                        screen.send_app_instructions.update(err_ctx);
+                        screen.send_pty_instructions.update(err_ctx);
+                        match event {
+                            ScreenInstruction::Pty(pid, vte_event) => {
+                                screen
+                                    .get_active_tab_mut()
+                                    .unwrap()
+                                    .handle_pty_event(pid, vte_event);
+                            }
+                            ScreenInstruction::Render => {
+                                screen.render();
+                            }
+                            ScreenInstruction::NewPane(pid) => {
+                                screen.get_active_tab_mut().unwrap().new_pane(pid);
+                                command_is_executing.done_opening_new_pane();
+                            }
+                            ScreenInstruction::HorizontalSplit(pid) => {
+                                screen.get_active_tab_mut().unwrap().horizontal_split(pid);
+                                command_is_executing.done_opening_new_pane();
+                            }
+                            ScreenInstruction::VerticalSplit(pid) => {
+                                screen.get_active_tab_mut().unwrap().vertical_split(pid);
+                                command_is_executing.done_opening_new_pane();
+                            }
+                            ScreenInstruction::WriteCharacter(bytes) => {
+                                screen
+                                    .get_active_tab_mut()
+                                    .unwrap()
+                                    .write_to_active_terminal(bytes);
+                            }
+                            ScreenInstruction::ResizeLeft => {
+                                screen.get_active_tab_mut().unwrap().resize_left();
+                            }
+                            ScreenInstruction::ResizeRight => {
+                                screen.get_active_tab_mut().unwrap().resize_right();
+                            }
+                            ScreenInstruction::ResizeDown => {
+                                screen.get_active_tab_mut().unwrap().resize_down();
+                            }
+                            ScreenInstruction::ResizeUp => {
+                                screen.get_active_tab_mut().unwrap().resize_up();
+                            }
+                            ScreenInstruction::MoveFocus => {
+                                screen.get_active_tab_mut().unwrap().move_focus();
+                            }
+                            ScreenInstruction::MoveFocusLeft => {
+                                screen.get_active_tab_mut().unwrap().move_focus_left();
+                            }
+                            ScreenInstruction::MoveFocusDown => {
+                                screen.get_active_tab_mut().unwrap().move_focus_down();
+                            }
+                            ScreenInstruction::MoveFocusRight => {
+                                screen.get_active_tab_mut().unwrap().move_focus_right();
+                            }
+                            ScreenInstruction::MoveFocusUp => {
+                                screen.get_active_tab_mut().unwrap().move_focus_up();
+                            }
+                            ScreenInstruction::ScrollUp => {
+                                screen
+                                    .get_active_tab_mut()
+                                    .unwrap()
+                                    .scroll_active_terminal_up();
+                            }
+                            ScreenInstruction::ScrollDown => {
+                                screen
+                                    .get_active_tab_mut()
+                                    .unwrap()
+                                    .scroll_active_terminal_down();
+                            }
+                            ScreenInstruction::ClearScroll => {
+                                screen
+                                    .get_active_tab_mut()
+                                    .unwrap()
+                                    .clear_active_terminal_scroll();
+                            }
+                            ScreenInstruction::CloseFocusedPane => {
+                                screen.get_active_tab_mut().unwrap().close_focused_pane();
+                                screen.render();
+                            }
+                            ScreenInstruction::ClosePane(id) => {
+                                screen.get_active_tab_mut().unwrap().close_pane(id);
+                                screen.render();
+                            }
+                            ScreenInstruction::ToggleActiveTerminalFullscreen => {
+                                screen
+                                    .get_active_tab_mut()
+                                    .unwrap()
+                                    .toggle_active_terminal_fullscreen();
+                            }
+                            ScreenInstruction::NewTab(pane_id) => {
+                                screen.new_tab(pane_id);
+                                command_is_executing.done_opening_new_pane();
+                            }
+                            ScreenInstruction::SwitchTabNext => screen.switch_tab_next(),
+                            ScreenInstruction::SwitchTabPrev => screen.switch_tab_prev(),
+                            ScreenInstruction::CloseTab => screen.close_tab(),
+                            ScreenInstruction::ApplyLayout((layout, new_pane_pids)) => {
+                                screen.apply_layout(layout, new_pane_pids)
+                            }
+                            ScreenInstruction::Quit => {
+                                break;
+                            }
                         }
                     }
                 }
diff --git a/src/tab.rs b/src/tab.rs
index 2032cca4b..e647c8d72 100644
--- a/src/tab.rs
+++ b/src/tab.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ use std::io::Write;
 use std::os::unix::io::RawFd;
 
 use crate::boundaries::Boundaries;
-use crate::boundaries::Rect;
 use crate::layout::Layout;
 use crate::os_input_output::OsApi;
 use crate::pty_bus::{PtyInstruction, VteEvent};
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ enum PaneKind {
 }
 pub struct Tab {
     pub index: usize,
-    panes: BTreeMap<PaneKind, TerminalPane>,
+    panes: BTreeMap<PaneKind, Box<dyn Pane>>,
     panes_to_hide: HashSet<RawFd>,
     active_terminal: Option<RawFd>,
     max_panes: Option<usize>,
@@ -67,6 +66,82 @@ pub struct Tab {
     pub send_app_instructions: SenderWithContext<AppInstruction>,
 }
 
+pub trait Pane {
+    fn x(&self) -> usize;
+    fn y(&self) -> usize;
+    fn rows(&self) -> usize;
+    fn columns(&self) -> usize;
+    fn reset_size_and_position_override(&mut self);
+    fn change_size_p(&mut self, position_and_size: &PositionAndSize);
+    fn get_rows(&self) -> usize;
+    fn get_columns(&self) -> usize;
+    fn change_size(&mut self, ws: &PositionAndSize);
+    fn override_size_and_position(&mut self, x: usize, y: usize, size: &PositionAndSize);
+    fn handle_event(&mut self, event: VteEvent);
+    fn cursor_coordinates(&self) -> Option<(usize, usize)>;
+    fn adjust_input_to_terminal(&self, input_bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8>;
+
+    fn position_and_size_override(&self) -> Option<PositionAndSize>;
+    fn should_render(&self) -> bool;
+    fn set_should_render(&mut self, should_render: bool);
+    fn buffer_as_vte_output(&mut self) -> Option<String>;
+    fn pid(&self) -> RawFd;
+    fn reduce_height_down(&mut self, count: usize);
+    fn increase_height_down(&mut self, count: usize);
+    fn increase_height_up(&mut self, count: usize);
+    fn reduce_height_up(&mut self, count: usize);
+    fn increase_width_right(&mut self, count: usize);
+    fn reduce_width_right(&mut self, count: usize);
+    fn reduce_width_left(&mut self, count: usize);
+    fn increase_width_left(&mut self, count: usize);
+    fn scroll_up(&mut self, count: usize);
+    fn scroll_down(&mut self, count: usize);
+    fn clear_scroll(&mut self);
+
+    fn right_boundary_x_coords(&self) -> usize {
+        self.x() + self.columns()
+    }
+    fn bottom_boundary_y_coords(&self) -> usize {
+        self.y() + self.rows()
+    }
+    fn is_directly_right_of(&self, other: &Box<dyn Pane>) -> bool {
+        self.x() == other.x() + other.columns() + 1
+    }
+    fn is_directly_left_of(&self, other: &Box<dyn Pane>) -> bool {
+        self.x() + self.columns() + 1 == other.x()
+    }
+    fn is_directly_below(&self, other: &Box<dyn Pane>) -> bool {
+        self.y() == other.y() + other.rows() + 1
+    }
+    fn is_directly_above(&self, other: &Box<dyn Pane>) -> bool {
+        self.y() + self.rows() + 1 == other.y()
+    }
+    fn horizontally_overlaps_with(&self, other: &Box<dyn Pane>) -> bool {
+        (self.y() >= other.y() && self.y() <= (other.y() + other.rows()))
+            || ((self.y() + self.rows()) <= (other.y() + other.rows())
+                && (self.y() + self.rows()) > other.y())
+            || (self.y() <= other.y() && (self.y() + self.rows() >= (other.y() + other.rows())))
+            || (other.y() <= self.y() && (other.y() + other.rows() >= (self.y() + self.rows())))
+    }
+    fn get_horizontal_overlap_with(&self, other: &Box<dyn Pane>) -> usize {
+        std::cmp::min(self.y() + self.rows(), other.y() + other.rows())
+            - std::cmp::max(self.y(), other.y())
+    }
+    fn vertically_overlaps_with(&self, other: &Box<dyn Pane>) -> bool {
+        (self.x() >= other.x() && self.x() <= (other.x() + other.columns()))
+            || ((self.x() + self.columns()) <= (other.x() + other.columns())
+                && (self.x() + self.columns()) > other.x())
+            || (self.x() <= other.x()
+                && (self.x() + self.columns() >= (other.x() + other.columns())))
+            || (other.x() <= self.x()
+                && (other.x() + other.columns() >= (self.x() + self.columns())))
+    }
+    fn get_vertical_overlap_with(&self, other: &Box<dyn Pane>) -> usize {
+        std::cmp::min(self.x() + self.columns(), other.x() + other.columns())
+            - std::cmp::max(self.x(), other.x())
+    }
+}
+
 impl Tab {
     pub fn new(
         index: usize,
@@ -84,8 +159,8 @@ impl Tab {
                 new_terminal.get_columns() as u16,
                 new_terminal.get_rows() as u16,
             );
-            let mut panes = BTreeMap::new();
-            panes.insert(PaneKind::Terminal(pid), new_terminal);
+            let mut panes: BTreeMap<PaneKind, Box<dyn Pane>> = BTreeMap::new();
+            panes.insert(PaneKind::Terminal(pid), Box::new(new_terminal));
             panes
         } else {
             BTreeMap::new()
@@ -152,7 +227,8 @@ impl Tab {
                 new_terminal.get_columns() as u16,
                 new_terminal.get_rows() as u16,
             );
-            self.panes.insert(PaneKind::Terminal(*pid), new_terminal);
+            self.panes
+                .insert(PaneKind::Terminal(*pid), Box::new(new_terminal));
         }
         for unused_pid in new_pids {
             // this is a bit of a hack and happens because we don't have any central location that
@@ -186,7 +262,8 @@ impl Tab {
                 new_terminal.get_columns() as u16,
                 new_terminal.get_rows() as u16,
             );
-            self.panes.insert(PaneKind::Terminal(pid), new_terminal);
+            self.panes
+                .insert(PaneKind::Terminal(pid), Box::new(new_terminal));
             self.active_terminal = Some(pid);
         } else {
             // TODO: check minimum size of active terminal
@@ -211,8 +288,8 @@ impl Tab {
             let terminal_ws = PositionAndSize {
                 rows: terminal_to_split.get_rows(),
                 columns: terminal_to_split.get_columns(),
-                x: terminal_to_split.get_x(),
-                y: terminal_to_split.get_y(),
+                x: terminal_to_split.x(),
+                y: terminal_to_split.y(),
             };
             if terminal_to_split.get_rows() * CURSOR_HEIGHT_WIDTH_RATIO
                 > terminal_to_split.get_columns()
@@ -227,7 +304,8 @@ impl Tab {
                     bottom_winsize.rows as u16,
                 );
                 terminal_to_split.change_size(&top_winsize);
-                self.panes.insert(PaneKind::Terminal(pid), new_terminal);
+                self.panes
+                    .insert(PaneKind::Terminal(pid), Box::new(new_terminal));
                 self.os_api.set_terminal_size_using_fd(
                     terminal_id_to_split,
                     top_winsize.columns as u16,
@@ -245,7 +323,8 @@ impl Tab {
                     right_winsize.rows as u16,
                 );
                 terminal_to_split.change_size(&left_winszie);
-                self.panes.insert(PaneKind::Terminal(pid), new_terminal);
+                self.panes
+                    .insert(PaneKind::Terminal(pid), Box::new(new_terminal));
                 self.os_api.set_terminal_size_using_fd(
                     terminal_id_to_split,
                     left_winszie.columns as u16,
@@ -270,7 +349,8 @@ impl Tab {
                 new_terminal.get_columns() as u16,
                 new_terminal.get_rows() as u16,
             );
-            self.panes.insert(PaneKind::Terminal(pid), new_terminal);
+            self.panes
+                .insert(PaneKind::Terminal(pid), Box::new(new_terminal));
             self.active_terminal = Some(pid);
         } else {
             // TODO: check minimum size of active terminal
@@ -283,8 +363,8 @@ impl Tab {
                         x: 0,
                         y: 0,
                     },
-                    active_terminal.get_x(),
-                    active_terminal.get_y(),
+                    active_terminal.x(),
+                    active_terminal.y(),
                 )
             };
             let (top_winsize, bottom_winsize) = split_horizontally_with_gap(&active_terminal_ws);
@@ -306,7 +386,8 @@ impl Tab {
                 active_terminal.change_size(&top_winsize);
             }
 
-            self.panes.insert(PaneKind::Terminal(pid), new_terminal);
+            self.panes
+                .insert(PaneKind::Terminal(pid), Box::new(new_terminal));
             let active_terminal_pid = self.get_active_terminal_id().unwrap();
             self.os_api.set_terminal_size_using_fd(
                 active_terminal_pid,
@@ -331,7 +412,8 @@ impl Tab {
                 new_terminal.get_columns() as u16,
                 new_terminal.get_rows() as u16,
             );
-            self.panes.insert(PaneKind::Terminal(pid), new_terminal);
+            self.panes
+                .insert(PaneKind::Terminal(pid), Box::new(new_terminal));
             self.active_terminal = Some(pid);
         } else {
             // TODO: check minimum size of active terminal
@@ -344,8 +426,8 @@ impl Tab {
                         x: 0,
                         y: 0,
                     },
-                    active_terminal.get_x(),
-                    active_terminal.get_y(),
+                    active_terminal.x(),
+                    active_terminal.y(),
                 )
             };
             let (left_winszie, right_winsize) = split_vertically_with_gap(&active_terminal_ws);
@@ -367,7 +449,8 @@ impl Tab {
                 active_terminal.change_size(&left_winszie);
             }
 
-            self.panes.insert(PaneKind::Terminal(pid), new_terminal);
+            self.panes
+                .insert(PaneKind::Terminal(pid), Box::new(new_terminal));
             let active_terminal_pid = self.get_active_terminal_id().unwrap();
             self.os_api.set_terminal_size_using_fd(
                 active_terminal_pid,
@@ -378,22 +461,14 @@ impl Tab {
             self.render();
         }
     }
-    pub fn get_active_terminal(&self) -> Option<&TerminalPane> {
+    pub fn get_active_terminal(&self) -> Option<&Box<dyn Pane>> {
         match self.active_terminal {
             Some(active_terminal) => self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(active_terminal)),
             None => None,
         }
     }
     fn get_active_terminal_id(&self) -> Option<RawFd> {
-        match self.active_terminal {
-            Some(active_terminal) => Some(
-                self.panes
-                    .get(&PaneKind::Terminal(active_terminal))
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .pid,
-            ),
-            None => None,
-        }
+        self.active_terminal
     }
     pub fn handle_pty_event(&mut self, pid: RawFd, event: VteEvent) {
         // if we don't have the terminal in self.terminals it's probably because
@@ -423,8 +498,8 @@ impl Tab {
         active_terminal
             .cursor_coordinates()
             .map(|(x_in_terminal, y_in_terminal)| {
-                let x = active_terminal.get_x() + x_in_terminal;
-                let y = active_terminal.get_y() + y_in_terminal;
+                let x = active_terminal.x() + x_in_terminal;
+                let y = active_terminal.y() + y_in_terminal;
                 (x, y)
             })
     }
@@ -433,14 +508,14 @@ impl Tab {
             if self
                 .get_active_terminal()
                 .unwrap()
-                .position_and_size_override
+                .position_and_size_override()
                 .is_some()
             {
                 for terminal_id in self.panes_to_hide.iter() {
                     self.panes
                         .get_mut(&PaneKind::Terminal(*terminal_id))
                         .unwrap()
-                        .should_render = true;
+                        .set_should_render(true);
                 }
                 self.panes_to_hide.clear();
                 let active_terminal = self
@@ -540,7 +615,7 @@ impl Tab {
             }
         }
     }
-    fn get_terminals(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (RawFd, &TerminalPane)> {
+    fn get_terminals(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (RawFd, &Box<dyn Pane>)> {
         self.panes
             .iter()
             .filter_map(|(pane_kind, terminal_pane)| match pane_kind {
@@ -555,11 +630,11 @@ impl Tab {
     fn terminal_ids_directly_left_of(&self, id: &RawFd) -> Option<Vec<RawFd>> {
         let mut ids = vec![];
         let terminal_to_check = self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*id)).unwrap();
-        if terminal_to_check.get_x() == 0 {
+        if terminal_to_check.x() == 0 {
             return None;
         }
         for (pid, terminal) in self.get_terminals() {
-            if terminal.get_x() + terminal.get_columns() == terminal_to_check.get_x() - 1 {
+            if terminal.x() + terminal.get_columns() == terminal_to_check.x() - 1 {
                 ids.push(pid);
             }
         }
@@ -573,7 +648,7 @@ impl Tab {
         let mut ids = vec![];
         let terminal_to_check = self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*id)).unwrap();
         for (pid, terminal) in self.get_terminals() {
-            if terminal.get_x() == terminal_to_check.get_x() + terminal_to_check.get_columns() + 1 {
+            if terminal.x() == terminal_to_check.x() + terminal_to_check.get_columns() + 1 {
                 ids.push(pid);
             }
         }
@@ -587,7 +662,7 @@ impl Tab {
         let mut ids = vec![];
         let terminal_to_check = self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*id)).unwrap();
         for (pid, terminal) in self.get_terminals() {
-            if terminal.get_y() == terminal_to_check.get_y() + terminal_to_check.get_rows() + 1 {
+            if terminal.y() == terminal_to_check.y() + terminal_to_check.get_rows() + 1 {
                 ids.push(pid);
             }
         }
@@ -601,7 +676,7 @@ impl Tab {
         let mut ids = vec![];
         let terminal_to_check = self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*id)).unwrap();
         for (pid, terminal) in self.get_terminals() {
-            if terminal.get_y() + terminal.get_rows() + 1 == terminal_to_check.get_y() {
+            if terminal.y() + terminal.get_rows() + 1 == terminal_to_check.y() {
                 ids.push(pid);
             }
         }
@@ -611,39 +686,38 @@ impl Tab {
             Some(ids)
         }
     }
-    fn panes_top_aligned_with_pane(&self, pane: &TerminalPane) -> Vec<&TerminalPane> {
+    fn panes_top_aligned_with_pane(&self, pane: &Box<dyn Pane>) -> Vec<&Box<dyn Pane>> {
         self.panes
             .keys()
             .map(|t_id| self.panes.get(&t_id).unwrap())
-            .filter(|terminal| terminal.pid != pane.pid && terminal.get_y() == pane.get_y())
+            .filter(|terminal| terminal.pid() != pane.pid() && terminal.y() == pane.y())
             .collect()
     }
-    fn panes_bottom_aligned_with_pane(&self, pane: &TerminalPane) -> Vec<&TerminalPane> {
+    fn panes_bottom_aligned_with_pane(&self, pane: &Box<dyn Pane>) -> Vec<&Box<dyn Pane>> {
         self.panes
             .keys()
             .map(|t_id| self.panes.get(&t_id).unwrap())
             .filter(|terminal| {
-                terminal.pid != pane.pid
-                    && terminal.get_y() + terminal.get_rows() == pane.get_y() + pane.get_rows()
+                terminal.pid() != pane.pid()
+                    && terminal.y() + terminal.get_rows() == pane.y() + pane.get_rows()
             })
             .collect()
     }
-    fn panes_right_aligned_with_pane(&self, pane: &TerminalPane) -> Vec<&TerminalPane> {
+    fn panes_right_aligned_with_pane(&self, pane: &Box<dyn Pane>) -> Vec<&Box<dyn Pane>> {
         self.panes
             .keys()
             .map(|t_id| self.panes.get(&t_id).unwrap())
             .filter(|terminal| {
-                terminal.pid != pane.pid
-                    && terminal.get_x() + terminal.get_columns()
-                        == pane.get_x() + pane.get_columns()
+                terminal.pid() != pane.pid()
+                    && terminal.x() + terminal.get_columns() == pane.x() + pane.get_columns()
             })
             .collect()
     }
-    fn panes_left_aligned_with_pane(&self, pane: &TerminalPane) -> Vec<&TerminalPane> {
+    fn panes_left_aligned_with_pane(&self, pane: &&Box<dyn Pane>) -> Vec<&Box<dyn Pane>> {
         self.panes
             .keys()
             .map(|t_id| self.panes.get(&t_id).unwrap())
-            .filter(|terminal| terminal.pid != pane.pid && terminal.get_x() == pane.get_x())
+            .filter(|terminal| terminal.pid() != pane.pid() && terminal.x() == pane.x())
             .collect()
     }
     fn right_aligned_contiguous_panes_above(
@@ -658,17 +732,17 @@ impl Tab {
             .expect("terminal id does not exist");
         let mut right_aligned_terminals = self.panes_right_aligned_with_pane(&terminal_to_check);
         // terminals that are next to each other up to current
-        right_aligned_terminals.sort_by(|a, b| b.get_y().cmp(&a.get_y()));
+        right_aligned_terminals.sort_by(|a, b| b.y().cmp(&a.y()));
         for terminal in right_aligned_terminals {
             let terminal_to_check = terminals.last().unwrap_or(&terminal_to_check);
-            if terminal.get_y() + terminal.get_rows() + 1 == terminal_to_check.get_y() {
+            if terminal.y() + terminal.get_rows() + 1 == terminal_to_check.y() {
                 terminals.push(terminal);
             }
         }
         // top-most border aligned with a pane border to the right
         let mut top_resize_border = 0;
         for terminal in &terminals {
-            let bottom_terminal_boundary = terminal.get_y() + terminal.get_rows();
+            let bottom_terminal_boundary = terminal.y() + terminal.get_rows();
             if terminal_borders_to_the_right
                 .get(&(bottom_terminal_boundary + 1))
                 .is_some()
@@ -677,15 +751,15 @@ impl Tab {
                 top_resize_border = bottom_terminal_boundary + 1;
             }
         }
-        terminals.retain(|terminal| terminal.get_y() >= top_resize_border);
+        terminals.retain(|terminal| terminal.y() >= top_resize_border);
         // if there are no adjacent panes to resize, we use the border of the main pane we're
         // resizing
         let top_resize_border = if terminals.is_empty() {
-            terminal_to_check.get_y()
+            terminal_to_check.y()
         } else {
             top_resize_border
         };
-        let terminal_ids: Vec<RawFd> = terminals.iter().map(|t| t.pid).collect();
+        let terminal_ids: Vec<RawFd> = terminals.iter().map(|t| t.pid()).collect();
         (top_resize_border, terminal_ids)
     }
     fn right_aligned_contiguous_panes_below(
@@ -700,17 +774,17 @@ impl Tab {
             .expect("terminal id does not exist");
         let mut right_aligned_terminals = self.panes_right_aligned_with_pane(&terminal_to_check);
         // terminals that are next to each other up to current
-        right_aligned_terminals.sort_by(|a, b| a.get_y().cmp(&b.get_y()));
+        right_aligned_terminals.sort_by(|a, b| a.y().cmp(&b.y()));
         for terminal in right_aligned_terminals {
             let terminal_to_check = terminals.last().unwrap_or(&terminal_to_check);
-            if terminal.get_y() == terminal_to_check.get_y() + terminal_to_check.get_rows() + 1 {
+            if terminal.y() == terminal_to_check.y() + terminal_to_check.get_rows() + 1 {
                 terminals.push(terminal);
             }
         }
         // bottom-most border aligned with a pane border to the right
         let mut bottom_resize_border = self.full_screen_ws.rows;
         for terminal in &terminals {
-            let top_terminal_boundary = terminal.get_y();
+            let top_terminal_boundary = terminal.y();
             if terminal_borders_to_the_right
                 .get(&(top_terminal_boundary))
                 .is_some()
@@ -719,15 +793,15 @@ impl Tab {
                 bottom_resize_border = top_terminal_boundary;
             }
         }
-        terminals.retain(|terminal| terminal.get_y() + terminal.get_rows() <= bottom_resize_border);
+        terminals.retain(|terminal| terminal.y() + terminal.get_rows() <= bottom_resize_border);
         // if there are no adjacent panes to resize, we use the border of the main pane we're
         // resizing
         let bottom_resize_border = if terminals.is_empty() {
-            terminal_to_check.get_y() + terminal_to_check.get_rows()
+            terminal_to_check.y() + terminal_to_check.get_rows()
         } else {
             bottom_resize_border
         };
-        let terminal_ids: Vec<RawFd> = terminals.iter().map(|t| t.pid).collect();
+        let terminal_ids: Vec<RawFd> = terminals.iter().map(|t| t.pid()).collect();
         (bottom_resize_border, terminal_ids)
     }
     fn left_aligned_contiguous_panes_above(
@@ -742,17 +816,17 @@ impl Tab {
             .expect("terminal id does not exist");
         let mut left_aligned_terminals = self.panes_left_aligned_with_pane(&terminal_to_check);
         // terminals that are next to each other up to current
-        left_aligned_terminals.sort_by(|a, b| b.get_y().cmp(&a.get_y()));
+        left_aligned_terminals.sort_by(|a, b| b.y().cmp(&a.y()));
         for terminal in left_aligned_terminals {
             let terminal_to_check = terminals.last().unwrap_or(&terminal_to_check);
-            if terminal.get_y() + terminal.get_rows() + 1 == terminal_to_check.get_y() {
+            if terminal.y() + terminal.get_rows() + 1 == terminal_to_check.y() {
                 terminals.push(terminal);
             }
         }
         // top-most border aligned with a pane border to the right
         let mut top_resize_border = 0;
         for terminal in &terminals {
-            let bottom_terminal_boundary = terminal.get_y() + terminal.get_rows();
+            let bottom_terminal_boundary = terminal.y() + terminal.get_rows();
             if terminal_borders_to_the_left
                 .get(&(bottom_terminal_boundary + 1))
                 .is_some()
@@ -761,15 +835,15 @@ impl Tab {
                 top_resize_border = bottom_terminal_boundary + 1;
             }
         }
-        terminals.retain(|terminal| terminal.get_y() >= top_resize_border);
+        terminals.retain(|terminal| terminal.y() >= top_resize_border);
         // if there are no adjacent panes to resize, we use the border of the main pane we're
         // resizing
         let top_resize_border = if terminals.is_empty() {
-            terminal_to_check.get_y()
+            terminal_to_check.y()
         } else {
             top_resize_border
         };
-        let terminal_ids: Vec<RawFd> = terminals.iter().map(|t| t.pid).collect();
+        let terminal_ids: Vec<RawFd> = terminals.iter().map(|t| t.pid()).collect();
         (top_resize_border, terminal_ids)
     }
     fn left_aligned_contiguous_panes_below(
@@ -784,17 +858,17 @@ impl Tab {
             .expect("terminal id does not exist");
         let mut left_aligned_terminals = self.panes_left_aligned_with_pane(&terminal_to_check);
         // terminals that are next to each other up to current
-        left_aligned_terminals.sort_by(|a, b| a.get_y().cmp(&b.get_y()));
+        left_aligned_terminals.sort_by(|a, b| a.y().cmp(&b.y()));
         for terminal in left_aligned_terminals {
             let terminal_to_check = terminals.last().unwrap_or(&terminal_to_check);
-            if terminal.get_y() == terminal_to_check.get_y() + terminal_to_check.get_rows() + 1 {
+            if terminal.y() == terminal_to_check.y() + terminal_to_check.get_rows() + 1 {
                 terminals.push(terminal);
             }
         }
         // bottom-most border aligned with a pane border to the left
         let mut bottom_resize_border = self.full_screen_ws.rows;
         for terminal in &terminals {
-            let top_terminal_boundary = terminal.get_y();
+            let top_terminal_boundary = terminal.y();
             if terminal_borders_to_the_left
                 .get(&(top_terminal_boundary))
                 .is_some()
@@ -804,17 +878,17 @@ impl Tab {
             }
         }
         terminals.retain(|terminal| {
-            // terminal.get_y() + terminal.get_rows() < bottom_resize_border
-            terminal.get_y() + terminal.get_rows() <= bottom_resize_border
+            // terminal.y() + terminal.get_rows() < bottom_resize_border
+            terminal.y() + terminal.get_rows() <= bottom_resize_border
         });
         // if there are no adjacent panes to resize, we use the border of the main pane we're
         // resizing
         let bottom_resize_border = if terminals.is_empty() {
-            terminal_to_check.get_y() + terminal_to_check.get_rows()
+            terminal_to_check.y() + terminal_to_check.get_rows()
         } else {
             bottom_resize_border
         };
-        let terminal_ids: Vec<RawFd> = terminals.iter().map(|t| t.pid).collect();
+        let terminal_ids: Vec<RawFd> = terminals.iter().map(|t| t.pid()).collect();
         (bottom_resize_border, terminal_ids)
     }
     fn top_aligned_contiguous_panes_to_the_left(
@@ -829,17 +903,17 @@ impl Tab {
             .expect("terminal id does not exist");
         let mut top_aligned_terminals = self.panes_top_aligned_with_pane(&terminal_to_check);
         // terminals that are next to each other up to current
-        top_aligned_terminals.sort_by(|a, b| b.get_x().cmp(&a.get_x()));
+        top_aligned_terminals.sort_by(|a, b| b.x().cmp(&a.x()));
         for terminal in top_aligned_terminals {
             let terminal_to_check = terminals.last().unwrap_or(&terminal_to_check);
-            if terminal.get_x() + terminal.get_columns() + 1 == terminal_to_check.get_x() {
+            if terminal.x() + terminal.get_columns() + 1 == terminal_to_check.x() {
                 terminals.push(terminal);
             }
         }
         // leftmost border aligned with a pane border above
         let mut left_resize_border = 0;
         for terminal in &terminals {
-            let right_terminal_boundary = terminal.get_x() + terminal.get_columns();
+            let right_terminal_boundary = terminal.x() + terminal.get_columns();
             if terminal_borders_above
                 .get(&(right_terminal_boundary + 1))
                 .is_some()
@@ -848,15 +922,15 @@ impl Tab {
                 left_resize_border = right_terminal_boundary + 1;
             }
         }
-        terminals.retain(|terminal| terminal.get_x() >= left_resize_border);
+        terminals.retain(|terminal| terminal.x() >= left_resize_border);
         // if there are no adjacent panes to resize, we use the border of the main pane we're
         // resizing
         let left_resize_border = if terminals.is_empty() {
-            terminal_to_check.get_x()
+            terminal_to_check.x()
         } else {
             left_resize_border
         };
-        let terminal_ids: Vec<RawFd> = terminals.iter().map(|t| t.pid).collect();
+        let terminal_ids: Vec<RawFd> = terminals.iter().map(|t| t.pid()).collect();
         (left_resize_border, terminal_ids)
     }
     fn top_aligned_contiguous_panes_to_the_right(
@@ -868,17 +942,17 @@ impl Tab {
         let terminal_to_check = self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*id)).unwrap();
         let mut top_aligned_terminals = self.panes_top_aligned_with_pane(&terminal_to_check);
         // terminals that are next to each other up to current
-        top_aligned_terminals.sort_by(|a, b| a.get_x().cmp(&b.get_x()));
+        top_aligned_terminals.sort_by(|a, b| a.x().cmp(&b.x()));
         for terminal in top_aligned_terminals {
             let terminal_to_check = terminals.last().unwrap_or(&terminal_to_check);
-            if terminal.get_x() == terminal_to_check.get_x() + terminal_to_check.get_columns() + 1 {
+            if terminal.x() == terminal_to_check.x() + terminal_to_check.get_columns() + 1 {
                 terminals.push(terminal);
             }
         }
         // rightmost border aligned with a pane border above
         let mut right_resize_border = self.full_screen_ws.columns;
         for terminal in &terminals {
-            let left_terminal_boundary = terminal.get_x();
+            let left_terminal_boundary = terminal.x();
             if terminal_borders_above
                 .get(&left_terminal_boundary)
                 .is_some()
@@ -887,16 +961,15 @@ impl Tab {
                 right_resize_border = left_terminal_boundary;
             }
         }
-        terminals
-            .retain(|terminal| terminal.get_x() + terminal.get_columns() <= right_resize_border);
+        terminals.retain(|terminal| terminal.x() + terminal.get_columns() <= right_resize_border);
         // if there are no adjacent panes to resize, we use the border of the main pane we're
         // resizing
         let right_resize_border = if terminals.is_empty() {
-            terminal_to_check.get_x() + terminal_to_check.get_columns()
+            terminal_to_check.x() + terminal_to_check.get_columns()
         } else {
             right_resize_border
         };
-        let terminal_ids: Vec<RawFd> = terminals.iter().map(|t| t.pid).collect();
+        let terminal_ids: Vec<RawFd> = terminals.iter().map(|t| t.pid()).collect();
         (right_resize_border, terminal_ids)
     }
     fn bottom_aligned_contiguous_panes_to_the_left(
@@ -907,18 +980,18 @@ impl Tab {
         let mut terminals = vec![];
         let terminal_to_check = self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*id)).unwrap();
         let mut bottom_aligned_terminals = self.panes_bottom_aligned_with_pane(&terminal_to_check);
-        bottom_aligned_terminals.sort_by(|a, b| b.get_x().cmp(&a.get_x()));
+        bottom_aligned_terminals.sort_by(|a, b| b.x().cmp(&a.x()));
         // terminals that are next to each other up to current
         for terminal in bottom_aligned_terminals {
             let terminal_to_check = terminals.last().unwrap_or(&terminal_to_check);
-            if terminal.get_x() + terminal.get_columns() + 1 == terminal_to_check.get_x() {
+            if terminal.x() + terminal.get_columns() + 1 == terminal_to_check.x() {
                 terminals.push(terminal);
             }
         }
         // leftmost border aligned with a pane border above
         let mut left_resize_border = 0;
         for terminal in &terminals {
-            let right_terminal_boundary = terminal.get_x() + terminal.get_columns();
+            let right_terminal_boundary = terminal.x() + terminal.get_columns();
             if terminal_borders_below
                 .get(&(right_terminal_boundary + 1))
                 .is_some()
@@ -927,15 +1000,15 @@ impl Tab {
                 left_resize_border = right_terminal_boundary + 1;
             }
         }
-        terminals.retain(|terminal| terminal.get_x() >= left_resize_border);
+        terminals.retain(|terminal| terminal.x() >= left_resize_border);
         // if there are no adjacent panes to resize, we use the border of the main pane we're
         // resizing
         let left_resize_border = if terminals.is_empty() {
-            terminal_to_check.get_x()
+            terminal_to_check.x()
         } else {
             left_resize_border
         };
-        let terminal_ids: Vec<RawFd> = terminals.iter().map(|t| t.pid).collect();
+        let terminal_ids: Vec<RawFd> = terminals.iter().map(|t| t.pid()).collect();
         (left_resize_border, terminal_ids)
     }
     fn bottom_aligned_contiguous_panes_to_the_right(
@@ -946,18 +1019,18 @@ impl Tab {
         let mut terminals = vec![];
         let terminal_to_check = self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*id)).unwrap();
         let mut bottom_aligned_terminals = self.panes_bottom_aligned_with_pane(&terminal_to_check);
-        bottom_aligned_terminals.sort_by(|a, b| a.get_x().cmp(&b.get_x()));
+        bottom_aligned_terminals.sort_by(|a, b| a.x().cmp(&b.x()));
         // terminals that are next to each other up to current
         for terminal in bottom_aligned_terminals {
             let terminal_to_check = terminals.last().unwrap_or(&terminal_to_check);
-            if terminal.get_x() == terminal_to_check.get_x() + terminal_to_check.get_columns() + 1 {
+            if terminal.x() == terminal_to_check.x() + terminal_to_check.get_columns() + 1 {
                 terminals.push(terminal);
             }
         }
         // leftmost border aligned with a pane border above
         let mut right_resize_border = self.full_screen_ws.columns;
         for terminal in &terminals {
-            let left_terminal_boundary = terminal.get_x();
+            let left_terminal_boundary = terminal.x();
             if terminal_borders_below
                 .get(&left_terminal_boundary)
                 .is_some()
@@ -966,14 +1039,13 @@ impl Tab {
                 right_resize_border = left_terminal_boundary;
             }
         }
-        terminals
-            .retain(|terminal| terminal.get_x() + terminal.get_columns() <= right_resize_border);
+        terminals.retain(|terminal| terminal.x() + terminal.get_columns() <= right_resize_border);
         let right_resize_border = if terminals.is_empty() {
-            terminal_to_check.get_x() + terminal_to_check.get_columns()
+            terminal_to_check.x() + terminal_to_check.get_columns()
         } else {
             right_resize_border
         };
-        let terminal_ids: Vec<RawFd> = terminals.iter().map(|t| t.pid).collect();
+        let terminal_ids: Vec<RawFd> = terminals.iter().map(|t| t.pid()).collect();
         (right_resize_border, terminal_ids)
     }
     fn reduce_pane_height_down(&mut self, id: &RawFd, count: usize) {
@@ -998,7 +1070,7 @@ impl Tab {
         let terminal = self.panes.get_mut(&PaneKind::Terminal(*id)).unwrap();
         terminal.increase_height_down(count);
         self.os_api.set_terminal_size_using_fd(
-            terminal.pid,
+            terminal.pid(),
             terminal.get_columns() as u16,
             terminal.get_rows() as u16,
         );
@@ -1007,7 +1079,7 @@ impl Tab {
         let terminal = self.panes.get_mut(&PaneKind::Terminal(*id)).unwrap();
         terminal.increase_height_up(count);
         self.os_api.set_terminal_size_using_fd(
-            terminal.pid,
+            terminal.pid(),
             terminal.get_columns() as u16,
             terminal.get_rows() as u16,
         );
@@ -1016,7 +1088,7 @@ impl Tab {
         let terminal = self.panes.get_mut(&PaneKind::Terminal(*id)).unwrap();
         terminal.increase_width_right(count);
         self.os_api.set_terminal_size_using_fd(
-            terminal.pid,
+            terminal.pid(),
             terminal.get_columns() as u16,
             terminal.get_rows() as u16,
         );
@@ -1025,7 +1097,7 @@ impl Tab {
         let terminal = self.panes.get_mut(&PaneKind::Terminal(*id)).unwrap();
         terminal.increase_width_left(count);
         self.os_api.set_terminal_size_using_fd(
-            terminal.pid,
+            terminal.pid(),
             terminal.get_columns() as u16,
             terminal.get_rows() as u16,
         );
@@ -1034,7 +1106,7 @@ impl Tab {
         let terminal = self.panes.get_mut(&PaneKind::Terminal(*id)).unwrap();
         terminal.reduce_width_right(count);
         self.os_api.set_terminal_size_using_fd(
-            terminal.pid,
+            terminal.pid(),
             terminal.get_columns() as u16,
             terminal.get_rows() as u16,
         );
@@ -1043,7 +1115,7 @@ impl Tab {
         let terminal = self.panes.get_mut(&PaneKind::Terminal(*id)).unwrap();
         terminal.reduce_width_left(count);
         self.os_api.set_terminal_size_using_fd(
-            terminal.pid,
+            terminal.pid(),
             terminal.get_columns() as u16,
             terminal.get_rows() as u16,
         );
@@ -1058,8 +1130,7 @@ impl Tab {
             .panes
             .get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*id))
             .expect("could not find terminal to check between borders");
-        terminal.get_x() >= left_border_x
-            && terminal.get_x() + terminal.get_columns() <= right_border_x
+        terminal.x() >= left_border_x && terminal.x() + terminal.get_columns() <= right_border_x
     }
     fn pane_is_between_horizontal_borders(
         &self,
@@ -1071,8 +1142,7 @@ impl Tab {
             .panes
             .get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*id))
             .expect("could not find terminal to check between borders");
-        terminal.get_y() >= top_border_y
-            && terminal.get_y() + terminal.get_rows() <= bottom_border_y
+        terminal.y() >= top_border_y && terminal.y() + terminal.get_rows() <= bottom_border_y
     }
     fn reduce_pane_and_surroundings_up(&mut self, id: &RawFd, count: usize) {
         let mut terminals_below = self
@@ -1080,7 +1150,7 @@ impl Tab {
             .expect("can't reduce pane size up if there are no terminals below");
         let terminal_borders_below: HashSet<usize> = terminals_below
             .iter()
-            .map(|t| self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*t)).unwrap().get_x())
+            .map(|t| self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*t)).unwrap().x())
             .collect();
         let (left_resize_border, terminals_to_the_left) =
             self.bottom_aligned_contiguous_panes_to_the_left(&id, &terminal_borders_below);
@@ -1106,7 +1176,7 @@ impl Tab {
             .expect("can't reduce pane size down if there are no terminals above");
         let terminal_borders_above: HashSet<usize> = terminals_above
             .iter()
-            .map(|t| self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*t)).unwrap().get_x())
+            .map(|t| self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*t)).unwrap().x())
             .collect();
         let (left_resize_border, terminals_to_the_left) =
             self.top_aligned_contiguous_panes_to_the_left(&id, &terminal_borders_above);
@@ -1132,7 +1202,7 @@ impl Tab {
             .expect("can't reduce pane size right if there are no terminals to the left");
         let terminal_borders_to_the_left: HashSet<usize> = terminals_to_the_left
             .iter()
-            .map(|t| self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*t)).unwrap().get_y())
+            .map(|t| self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*t)).unwrap().y())
             .collect();
         let (top_resize_border, terminals_above) =
             self.left_aligned_contiguous_panes_above(&id, &terminal_borders_to_the_left);
@@ -1155,7 +1225,7 @@ impl Tab {
             .expect("can't reduce pane size left if there are no terminals to the right");
         let terminal_borders_to_the_right: HashSet<usize> = terminals_to_the_right
             .iter()
-            .map(|t| self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*t)).unwrap().get_y())
+            .map(|t| self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*t)).unwrap().y())
             .collect();
         let (top_resize_border, terminals_above) =
             self.right_aligned_contiguous_panes_above(&id, &terminal_borders_to_the_right);
@@ -1178,7 +1248,7 @@ impl Tab {
             .expect("can't increase pane size up if there are no terminals above");
         let terminal_borders_above: HashSet<usize> = terminals_above
             .iter()
-            .map(|t| self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*t)).unwrap().get_x())
+            .map(|t| self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*t)).unwrap().x())
             .collect();
         let (left_resize_border, terminals_to_the_left) =
             self.top_aligned_contiguous_panes_to_the_left(&id, &terminal_borders_above);
@@ -1204,7 +1274,7 @@ impl Tab {
             .expect("can't increase pane size down if there are no terminals below");
         let terminal_borders_below: HashSet<usize> = terminals_below
             .iter()
-            .map(|t| self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*t)).unwrap().get_x())
+            .map(|t| self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*t)).unwrap().x())
             .collect();
         let (left_resize_border, terminals_to_the_left) =
             self.bottom_aligned_contiguous_panes_to_the_left(&id, &terminal_borders_below);
@@ -1230,7 +1300,7 @@ impl Tab {
             .expect("can't increase pane size right if there are no terminals to the right");
         let terminal_borders_to_the_right: HashSet<usize> = terminals_to_the_right
             .iter()
-            .map(|t| self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*t)).unwrap().get_y())
+            .map(|t| self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*t)).unwrap().y())
             .collect();
         let (top_resize_border, terminals_above) =
             self.right_aligned_contiguous_panes_above(&id, &terminal_borders_to_the_right);
@@ -1253,7 +1323,7 @@ impl Tab {
             .expect("can't increase pane size right if there are no terminals to the right");
         let terminal_borders_to_the_left: HashSet<usize> = terminals_to_the_left
             .iter()
-            .map(|t| self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*t)).unwrap().get_y())
+            .map(|t| self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*t)).unwrap().y())
             .collect();
         let (top_resize_border, terminals_above) =
             self.left_aligned_contiguous_panes_above(&id, &terminal_borders_to_the_left);
@@ -1275,28 +1345,28 @@ impl Tab {
             .panes
             .get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*pane_id))
             .expect("pane does not exist");
-        pane.get_y() > 0
+        pane.y() > 0
     }
     fn panes_exist_below(&self, pane_id: &RawFd) -> bool {
         let pane = self
             .panes
             .get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*pane_id))
             .expect("pane does not exist");
-        pane.get_y() + pane.get_rows() < self.full_screen_ws.rows
+        pane.y() + pane.get_rows() < self.full_screen_ws.rows
     }
     fn panes_exist_to_the_right(&self, pane_id: &RawFd) -> bool {
         let pane = self
             .panes
             .get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*pane_id))
             .expect("pane does not exist");
-        pane.get_x() + pane.get_columns() < self.full_screen_ws.columns
+        pane.x() + pane.get_columns() < self.full_screen_ws.columns
     }
     fn panes_exist_to_the_left(&self, pane_id: &RawFd) -> bool {
         let pane = self
             .panes
             .get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*pane_id))
             .expect("pane does not exist");
-        pane.get_x() > 0
+        pane.x() > 0
     }
     pub fn resize_right(&mut self) {
         // TODO: find out by how much we actually reduced and only reduce by that much
@@ -1392,11 +1462,11 @@ impl Tab {
                     self.active_terminal = Some(p);
                 }
                 None => {
-                    self.active_terminal = Some(active.pid);
+                    self.active_terminal = Some(active.pid());
                 }
             }
         } else {
-            self.active_terminal = Some(active_terminal.unwrap().pid);
+            self.active_terminal = Some(active_terminal.unwrap().pid());
         }
         self.render();
     }
@@ -1422,11 +1492,11 @@ impl Tab {
                     self.active_terminal = Some(p);
                 }
                 None => {
-                    self.active_terminal = Some(active.pid);
+                    self.active_terminal = Some(active.pid());
                 }
             }
         } else {
-            self.active_terminal = Some(active_terminal.unwrap().pid);
+            self.active_terminal = Some(active_terminal.unwrap().pid());
         }
         self.render();
     }
@@ -1452,11 +1522,11 @@ impl Tab {
                     self.active_terminal = Some(p);
                 }
                 None => {
-                    self.active_terminal = Some(active.pid);
+                    self.active_terminal = Some(active.pid());
                 }
             }
         } else {
-            self.active_terminal = Some(active_terminal.unwrap().pid);
+            self.active_terminal = Some(active_terminal.unwrap().pid());
         }
         self.render();
     }
@@ -1482,34 +1552,34 @@ impl Tab {
                     self.active_terminal = Some(p);
                 }
                 None => {
-                    self.active_terminal = Some(active.pid);
+                    self.active_terminal = Some(active.pid());
                 }
             }
         } else {
-            self.active_terminal = Some(active_terminal.unwrap().pid);
+            self.active_terminal = Some(active_terminal.unwrap().pid());
         }
         self.render();
     }
     fn horizontal_borders(&self, terminals: &[RawFd]) -> HashSet<usize> {
         terminals.iter().fold(HashSet::new(), |mut borders, t| {
             let terminal = self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*t)).unwrap();
-            borders.insert(terminal.get_y());
-            borders.insert(terminal.get_y() + terminal.get_rows() + 1); // 1 for the border width
+            borders.insert(terminal.y());
+            borders.insert(terminal.y() + terminal.get_rows() + 1); // 1 for the border width
             borders
         })
     }
     fn vertical_borders(&self, terminals: &[RawFd]) -> HashSet<usize> {
         terminals.iter().fold(HashSet::new(), |mut borders, t| {
             let terminal = self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(*t)).unwrap();
-            borders.insert(terminal.get_x());
-            borders.insert(terminal.get_x() + terminal.get_columns() + 1); // 1 for the border width
+            borders.insert(terminal.x());
+            borders.insert(terminal.x() + terminal.get_columns() + 1); // 1 for the border width
             borders
         })
     }
     fn terminals_to_the_left_between_aligning_borders(&self, id: RawFd) -> Option<Vec<RawFd>> {
         if let Some(terminal) = &self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(id)) {
-            let upper_close_border = terminal.get_y();
-            let lower_close_border = terminal.get_y() + terminal.get_rows() + 1;
+            let upper_close_border = terminal.y();
+            let lower_close_border = terminal.y() + terminal.get_rows() + 1;
 
             if let Some(mut terminals_to_the_left) = self.terminal_ids_directly_left_of(&id) {
                 let terminal_borders_to_the_left = self.horizontal_borders(&terminals_to_the_left);
@@ -1531,8 +1601,8 @@ impl Tab {
     }
     fn terminals_to_the_right_between_aligning_borders(&self, id: RawFd) -> Option<Vec<RawFd>> {
         if let Some(terminal) = &self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(id)) {
-            let upper_close_border = terminal.get_y();
-            let lower_close_border = terminal.get_y() + terminal.get_rows() + 1;
+            let upper_close_border = terminal.y();
+            let lower_close_border = terminal.y() + terminal.get_rows() + 1;
 
             if let Some(mut terminals_to_the_right) = self.terminal_ids_directly_right_of(&id) {
                 let terminal_borders_to_the_right =
@@ -1555,8 +1625,8 @@ impl Tab {
     }
     fn terminals_above_between_aligning_borders(&self, id: RawFd) -> Option<Vec<RawFd>> {
         if let Some(terminal) = &self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(id)) {
-            let left_close_border = terminal.get_x();
-            let right_close_border = terminal.get_x() + terminal.get_columns() + 1;
+            let left_close_border = terminal.x();
+            let right_close_border = terminal.x() + terminal.get_columns() + 1;
 
             if let Some(mut terminals_above) = self.terminal_ids_directly_above(&id) {
                 let terminal_borders_above = self.vertical_borders(&terminals_above);
@@ -1578,8 +1648,8 @@ impl Tab {
     }
     fn terminals_below_between_aligning_borders(&self, id: RawFd) -> Option<Vec<RawFd>> {
         if let Some(terminal) = &self.panes.get(&PaneKind::Terminal(id)) {
-            let left_close_border = terminal.get_x();
-            let right_close_border = terminal.get_x() + terminal.get_columns() + 1;
+            let left_close_border = terminal.x();
+            let right_close_border = terminal.x() + terminal.get_columns() + 1;
 
             if let Some(mut terminals_below) = self.terminal_ids_directly_below(&id) {
                 let terminal_borders_below = self.vertical_borders(&terminals_below);
diff --git a/src/terminal_pane/terminal_pane.rs b/src/terminal_pane/terminal_pane.rs
index 0d5a108ba..ab96d6084 100644
--- a/src/terminal_pane/terminal_pane.rs
+++ b/src/terminal_pane/terminal_pane.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 #![allow(clippy::clippy::if_same_then_else)]
 
+use crate::tab::Pane;
 use ::nix::pty::Winsize;
 use ::std::os::unix::io::RawFd;
 use ::vte::Perform;
 
-use crate::boundaries::Rect;
-use crate::terminal_pane::terminal_character::{
-    AnsiCode, CharacterStyles, NamedColor, TerminalCharacter,
-};
+use crate::terminal_pane::terminal_character::{CharacterStyles, NamedColor, TerminalCharacter};
 use crate::terminal_pane::Scroll;
 use crate::utils::logging::debug_log_to_file;
 use crate::VteEvent;
@@ -42,7 +40,7 @@ pub struct TerminalPane {
     pending_styles: CharacterStyles,
 }
 
-impl Rect for TerminalPane {
+impl Pane for TerminalPane {
     fn x(&self) -> usize {
         self.get_x()
     }
@@ -55,9 +53,234 @@ impl Rect for TerminalPane {
     fn columns(&self) -> usize {
         self.get_columns()
     }
+    fn reset_size_and_position_override(&mut self) {
+        self.position_and_size_override = None;
+        self.reflow_lines();
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
+    fn change_size_p(&mut self, position_and_size: &PositionAndSize) {
+        self.position_and_size = *position_and_size;
+        self.reflow_lines();
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
+    fn get_rows(&self) -> usize {
+        match &self.position_and_size_override.as_ref() {
+            Some(position_and_size_override) => position_and_size_override.rows,
+            None => self.position_and_size.rows as usize,
+        }
+    }
+    fn get_columns(&self) -> usize {
+        match &self.position_and_size_override.as_ref() {
+            Some(position_and_size_override) => position_and_size_override.columns,
+            None => self.position_and_size.columns as usize,
+        }
+    }
+    fn change_size(&mut self, ws: &PositionAndSize) {
+        self.position_and_size.columns = ws.columns;
+        self.position_and_size.rows = ws.rows;
+        self.reflow_lines();
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
+
+    fn override_size_and_position(&mut self, x: usize, y: usize, size: &PositionAndSize) {
+        let position_and_size_override = PositionAndSize {
+            x,
+            y,
+            rows: size.rows,
+            columns: size.columns,
+        };
+        self.position_and_size_override = Some(position_and_size_override);
+        self.reflow_lines();
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
+    fn handle_event(&mut self, event: VteEvent) {
+        match event {
+            VteEvent::Print(c) => {
+                self.print(c);
+                self.mark_for_rerender();
+            }
+            VteEvent::Execute(byte) => {
+                self.execute(byte);
+            }
+            VteEvent::Hook(params, intermediates, ignore, c) => {
+                self.hook(&params, &intermediates, ignore, c);
+            }
+            VteEvent::Put(byte) => {
+                self.put(byte);
+            }
+            VteEvent::Unhook => {
+                self.unhook();
+            }
+            VteEvent::OscDispatch(params, bell_terminated) => {
+                let params: Vec<&[u8]> = params.iter().map(|p| &p[..]).collect();
+                self.osc_dispatch(&params[..], bell_terminated);
+            }
+            VteEvent::CsiDispatch(params, intermediates, ignore, c) => {
+                self.csi_dispatch(&params, &intermediates, ignore, c);
+            }
+            VteEvent::EscDispatch(intermediates, ignore, byte) => {
+                self.esc_dispatch(&intermediates, ignore, byte);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    fn cursor_coordinates(&self) -> Option<(usize, usize)> {
+        // (x, y)
+        self.scroll.cursor_coordinates_on_screen()
+    }
+    fn adjust_input_to_terminal(&self, input_bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> {
+        // there are some cases in which the terminal state means that input sent to it
+        // needs to be adjusted.
+        // here we match against those cases - if need be, we adjust the input and if not
+        // we send back the original input
+        match input_bytes.as_slice() {
+            [27, 91, 68] => {
+                // left arrow
+                if self.cursor_key_mode {
+                    // please note that in the line below, there is an ANSI escape code (27) at the beginning of the string,
+                    // some editors will not show this
+                    return "OD".as_bytes().to_vec();
+                }
+            }
+            [27, 91, 67] => {
+                // right arrow
+                if self.cursor_key_mode {
+                    // please note that in the line below, there is an ANSI escape code (27) at the beginning of the string,
+                    // some editors will not show this
+                    return "OC".as_bytes().to_vec();
+                }
+            }
+            [27, 91, 65] => {
+                // up arrow
+                if self.cursor_key_mode {
+                    // please note that in the line below, there is an ANSI escape code (27) at the beginning of the string,
+                    // some editors will not show this
+                    return "OA".as_bytes().to_vec();
+                }
+            }
+            [27, 91, 66] => {
+                // down arrow
+                if self.cursor_key_mode {
+                    // please note that in the line below, there is an ANSI escape code (27) at the beginning of the string,
+                    // some editors will not show this
+                    return "OB".as_bytes().to_vec();
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        };
+        input_bytes
+    }
+
+    fn position_and_size_override(&self) -> Option<PositionAndSize> {
+        self.position_and_size_override
+    }
+    fn should_render(&self) -> bool {
+        self.should_render
+    }
+    fn set_should_render(&mut self, should_render: bool) {
+        self.should_render = should_render;
+    }
+    fn buffer_as_vte_output(&mut self) -> Option<String> {
+        // TODO: rename to render
+        // if self.should_render {
+        if true {
+            // while checking should_render rather than rendering each pane every time
+            // is more performant, it causes some problems when the pane to the left should be
+            // rendered and has wide characters (eg. Chinese characters or emoji)
+            // as a (hopefully) temporary hack, we render all panes until we find a better solution
+            let mut vte_output = String::new();
+            let buffer_lines = &self.read_buffer_as_lines();
+            let display_cols = self.get_columns();
+            let mut character_styles = CharacterStyles::new();
+            for (row, line) in buffer_lines.iter().enumerate() {
+                let x = self.get_x();
+                let y = self.get_y();
+                vte_output = format!("{}\u{1b}[{};{}H\u{1b}[m", vte_output, y + row + 1, x + 1); // goto row/col and reset styles
+                for (col, t_character) in line.iter().enumerate() {
+                    if col < display_cols {
+                        // in some cases (eg. while resizing) some characters will spill over
+                        // before they are corrected by the shell (for the prompt) or by reflowing
+                        // lines
+                        if let Some(new_styles) =
+                            character_styles.update_and_return_diff(&t_character.styles)
+                        {
+                            // the terminal keeps the previous styles as long as we're in the same
+                            // line, so we only want to update the new styles here (this also
+                            // includes resetting previous styles as needed)
+                            vte_output = format!("{}{}", vte_output, new_styles);
+                        }
+                        vte_output.push(t_character.character);
+                    }
+                }
+                character_styles.clear();
+            }
+            self.mark_for_rerender();
+            Some(vte_output)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+    fn pid(&self) -> RawFd {
+        self.pid
+    }
+    fn reduce_height_down(&mut self, count: usize) {
+        self.position_and_size.y += count;
+        self.position_and_size.rows -= count;
+        self.reflow_lines();
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
+    fn increase_height_down(&mut self, count: usize) {
+        self.position_and_size.rows += count;
+        self.reflow_lines();
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
+    fn increase_height_up(&mut self, count: usize) {
+        self.position_and_size.y -= count;
+        self.position_and_size.rows += count;
+        self.reflow_lines();
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
+    fn reduce_height_up(&mut self, count: usize) {
+        self.position_and_size.rows -= count;
+        self.reflow_lines();
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
+    fn reduce_width_right(&mut self, count: usize) {
+        self.position_and_size.x += count;
+        self.position_and_size.columns -= count;
+        self.reflow_lines();
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
+    fn reduce_width_left(&mut self, count: usize) {
+        self.position_and_size.columns -= count;
+        self.reflow_lines();
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
+    fn increase_width_left(&mut self, count: usize) {
+        self.position_and_size.x -= count;
+        self.position_and_size.columns += count;
+        self.reflow_lines();
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
+    fn increase_width_right(&mut self, count: usize) {
+        self.position_and_size.columns += count;
+        self.reflow_lines();
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
+    fn scroll_up(&mut self, count: usize) {
+        self.scroll.move_viewport_up(count);
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
+    fn scroll_down(&mut self, count: usize) {
+        self.scroll.move_viewport_down(count);
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
+    fn clear_scroll(&mut self) {
+        self.scroll.reset_viewport();
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
 }
 
-impl Rect for &mut TerminalPane {
+impl Pane for &mut TerminalPane {
     fn x(&self) -> usize {
         self.get_x()
     }
@@ -70,6 +293,231 @@ impl Rect for &mut TerminalPane {
     fn columns(&self) -> usize {
         self.get_columns()
     }
+    fn reset_size_and_position_override(&mut self) {
+        self.position_and_size_override = None;
+        self.reflow_lines();
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
+    fn change_size_p(&mut self, position_and_size: &PositionAndSize) {
+        self.position_and_size = *position_and_size;
+        self.reflow_lines();
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
+    fn get_rows(&self) -> usize {
+        match &self.position_and_size_override.as_ref() {
+            Some(position_and_size_override) => position_and_size_override.rows,
+            None => self.position_and_size.rows as usize,
+        }
+    }
+    fn get_columns(&self) -> usize {
+        match &self.position_and_size_override.as_ref() {
+            Some(position_and_size_override) => position_and_size_override.columns,
+            None => self.position_and_size.columns as usize,
+        }
+    }
+    fn change_size(&mut self, ws: &PositionAndSize) {
+        self.position_and_size.columns = ws.columns;
+        self.position_and_size.rows = ws.rows;
+        self.reflow_lines();
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
+
+    fn override_size_and_position(&mut self, x: usize, y: usize, size: &PositionAndSize) {
+        let position_and_size_override = PositionAndSize {
+            x,
+            y,
+            rows: size.rows,
+            columns: size.columns,
+        };
+        self.position_and_size_override = Some(position_and_size_override);
+        self.reflow_lines();
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
+    fn handle_event(&mut self, event: VteEvent) {
+        match event {
+            VteEvent::Print(c) => {
+                self.print(c);
+                self.mark_for_rerender();
+            }
+            VteEvent::Execute(byte) => {
+                self.execute(byte);
+            }
+            VteEvent::Hook(params, intermediates, ignore, c) => {
+                self.hook(&params, &intermediates, ignore, c);
+            }
+            VteEvent::Put(byte) => {
+                self.put(byte);
+            }
+            VteEvent::Unhook => {
+                self.unhook();
+            }
+            VteEvent::OscDispatch(params, bell_terminated) => {
+                let params: Vec<&[u8]> = params.iter().map(|p| &p[..]).collect();
+                self.osc_dispatch(&params[..], bell_terminated);
+            }
+            VteEvent::CsiDispatch(params, intermediates, ignore, c) => {
+                self.csi_dispatch(&params, &intermediates, ignore, c);
+            }
+            VteEvent::EscDispatch(intermediates, ignore, byte) => {
+                self.esc_dispatch(&intermediates, ignore, byte);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    fn cursor_coordinates(&self) -> Option<(usize, usize)> {
+        // (x, y)
+        self.scroll.cursor_coordinates_on_screen()
+    }
+    fn adjust_input_to_terminal(&self, input_bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> {
+        // there are some cases in which the terminal state means that input sent to it
+        // needs to be adjusted.
+        // here we match against those cases - if need be, we adjust the input and if not
+        // we send back the original input
+        match input_bytes.as_slice() {
+            [27, 91, 68] => {
+                // left arrow
+                if self.cursor_key_mode {
+                    // please note that in the line below, there is an ANSI escape code (27) at the beginning of the string,
+                    // some editors will not show this
+                    return "OD".as_bytes().to_vec();
+                }
+            }
+            [27, 91, 67] => {
+                // right arrow
+                if self.cursor_key_mode {
+                    // please note that in the line below, there is an ANSI escape code (27) at the beginning of the string,
+                    // some editors will not show this
+                    return "OC".as_bytes().to_vec();
+                }
+            }
+            [27, 91, 65] => {
+                // up arrow
+                if self.cursor_key_mode {
+                    // please note that in the line below, there is an ANSI escape code (27) at the beginning of the string,
+                    // some editors will not show this
+                    return "OA".as_bytes().to_vec();
+                }
+            }
+            [27, 91, 66] => {
+                // down arrow
+                if self.cursor_key_mode {
+                    // please note that in the line below, there is an ANSI escape code (27) at the beginning of the string,
+                    // some editors will not show this
+                    return "OB".as_bytes().to_vec();
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        };
+        input_bytes
+    }
+
+    fn position_and_size_override(&self) -> Option<PositionAndSize> {
+        self.position_and_size_override
+    }
+    fn should_render(&self) -> bool {
+        self.should_render
+    }
+    fn set_should_render(&mut self, should_render: bool) {
+        self.should_render = should_render;
+    }
+    fn buffer_as_vte_output(&mut self) -> Option<String> {
+        // TODO: rename to render
+        // if self.should_render {
+        if true {
+            // while checking should_render rather than rendering each pane every time
+            // is more performant, it causes some problems when the pane to the left should be
+            // rendered and has wide characters (eg. Chinese characters or emoji)
+            // as a (hopefully) temporary hack, we render all panes until we find a better solution
+            let mut vte_output = String::new();
+            let buffer_lines = &self.read_buffer_as_lines();
+            let display_cols = self.get_columns();
+            let mut character_styles = CharacterStyles::new();
+            for (row, line) in buffer_lines.iter().enumerate() {
+                let x = self.get_x();
+                let y = self.get_y();
+                vte_output = format!("{}\u{1b}[{};{}H\u{1b}[m", vte_output, y + row + 1, x + 1); // goto row/col and reset styles
+                for (col, t_character) in line.iter().enumerate() {
+                    if col < display_cols {
+                        // in some cases (eg. while resizing) some characters will spill over
+                        // before they are corrected by the shell (for the prompt) or by reflowing
+                        // lines
+                        if let Some(new_styles) =
+                            character_styles.update_and_return_diff(&t_character.styles)
+                        {
+                            // the terminal keeps the previous styles as long as we're in the same
+                            // line, so we only want to update the new styles here (this also
+                            // includes resetting previous styles as needed)
+                            vte_output = format!("{}{}", vte_output, new_styles);
+                        }
+                        vte_output.push(t_character.character);
+                    }
+                }
+                character_styles.clear();
+            }
+            self.mark_for_rerender();
+            Some(vte_output)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+    fn pid(&self) -> RawFd {
+        self.pid
+    }
+    fn reduce_height_down(&mut self, count: usize) {
+        self.position_and_size.y += count;
+        self.position_and_size.rows -= count;
+        self.reflow_lines();
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
+    fn increase_height_down(&mut self, count: usize) {
+        self.position_and_size.rows += count;
+        self.reflow_lines();
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
+    fn increase_height_up(&mut self, count: usize) {
+        self.position_and_size.y -= count;
+        self.position_and_size.rows += count;
+        self.reflow_lines();
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
+    fn reduce_height_up(&mut self, count: usize) {
+        self.position_and_size.rows -= count;
+        self.reflow_lines();
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
+    fn reduce_width_right(&mut self, count: usize) {
+        self.position_and_size.x += count;
+        self.position_and_size.columns -= count;
+        self.reflow_lines();
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
+    fn reduce_width_left(&mut self, count: usize) {
+        self.position_and_size.columns -= count;
+        self.reflow_lines();
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
+    fn increase_width_left(&mut self, count: usize) {
+        self.position_and_size.x -= count;
+        self.position_and_size.columns += count;
+        self.reflow_lines();
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
+    fn increase_width_right(&mut self, count: usize) {
+        self.position_and_size.columns += count;
+        self.reflow_lines();
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
+    fn scroll_up(&mut self, count: usize) {
+        self.scroll.move_viewport_up(count);
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
+    fn scroll_down(&mut self, count: usize) {
+        self.scroll.move_viewport_down(count);
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
+    fn clear_scroll(&mut self) {
+        self.scroll.reset_viewport();
+        self.mark_for_rerender();
+    }
 }
 
 impl TerminalPane {
@@ -125,55 +573,6 @@ impl TerminalPane {
             }
         }
     }
-    pub fn reduce_width_right(&mut self, count: usize) {
-        self.position_and_size.x += count;
-        self.position_and_size.columns -= count;
-        self.reflow_lines();
-        self.mark_for_rerender();
-    }
-    pub fn reduce_width_left(&mut self, count: usize) {
-        self.position_and_size.columns -= count;
-        self.reflow_lines();
-        self.mark_for_rerender();
-    }
-    pub fn increase_width_left(&mut self, count: usize) {
-        self.position_and_size.x -= count;
-        self.position_and_size.columns += count;
-        self.reflow_lines();
-        self.mark_for_rerender();
-    }
-    pub fn increase_width_right(&mut self, count: usize) {
-        self.position_and_size.columns += count;
-        self.reflow_lines();
-        self.mark_for_rerender();
-    }
-    pub fn reduce_height_down(&mut self, count: usize) {
-        self.position_and_size.y += count;
-        self.position_and_size.rows -= count;
-        self.reflow_lines();
-        self.mark_for_rerender();
-    }
-    pub fn increase_height_down(&mut self, count: usize) {
-        self.position_and_size.rows += count;
-        self.reflow_lines();
-        self.mark_for_rerender();
-    }
-    pub fn increase_height_up(&mut self, count: usize) {
-        self.position_and_size.y -= count;
-        self.position_and_size.rows += count;
-        self.reflow_lines();
-        self.mark_for_rerender();
-    }
-    pub fn reduce_height_up(&mut self, count: usize) {
-        self.position_and_size.rows -= count;
-        self.reflow_lines();
-        self.mark_for_rerender();
-    }
-    pub fn change_size_p(&mut self, position_and_size: &PositionAndSize) {
-        self.position_and_size = *position_and_size;
-        self.reflow_lines();
-        self.mark_for_rerender();
-    }
     // TODO: merge these two methods
     pub fn change_size(&mut self, ws: &PositionAndSize) {
         self.position_and_size.columns = ws.columns;
@@ -288,53 +687,7 @@ impl TerminalPane {
         self.reflow_lines();
         self.mark_for_rerender();
     }
-    pub fn reset_size_and_position_override(&mut self) {
-        self.position_and_size_override = None;
-        self.reflow_lines();
-        self.mark_for_rerender();
-    }
-    pub fn adjust_input_to_terminal(&self, input_bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> {
-        // there are some cases in which the terminal state means that input sent to it
-        // needs to be adjusted.
-        // here we match against those cases - if need be, we adjust the input and if not
-        // we send back the original input
-        match input_bytes.as_slice() {
-            [27, 91, 68] => {
-                // left arrow
-                if self.cursor_key_mode {
-                    // please note that in the line below, there is an ANSI escape code (27) at the beginning of the string,
-                    // some editors will not show this
-                    return "OD".as_bytes().to_vec();
-                }
-            }
-            [27, 91, 67] => {
-                // right arrow
-                if self.cursor_key_mode {
-                    // please note that in the line below, there is an ANSI escape code (27) at the beginning of the string,
-                    // some editors will not show this
-                    return "OC".as_bytes().to_vec();
-                }
-            }
-            [27, 91, 65] => {
-                // up arrow
-                if self.cursor_key_mode {
-                    // please note that in the line below, there is an ANSI escape code (27) at the beginning of the string,
-                    // some editors will not show this
-                    return "OA".as_bytes().to_vec();
-                }
-            }
-            [27, 91, 66] => {
-                // down arrow
-                if self.cursor_key_mode {
-                    // please note that in the line below, there is an ANSI escape code (27) at the beginning of the string,
-                    // some editors will not show this
-                    return "OB".as_bytes().to_vec();
-                }
-            }
-            _ => {}
-        };
-        input_bytes
-    }
+
     fn add_newline(&mut self) {
         self.scroll.add_canonical_line();
         // self.reset_all_ansi_codes(); // TODO: find out if we should be resetting here or not