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255 lines
9.7 KiB
Markdown
255 lines
9.7 KiB
Markdown
# Cryptol development
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This document explains our standards for developing Cryptol. Our goals
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are to have a development process that:
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- Consistently yields reliable software artifacts
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- Quickly incorporates improvements and gets them into user hands
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- Allows new contributors to have an immediate impact
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It describes our methods and practices for:
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- Testing and continuous integration
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- Organizing, branching, and merging this repository
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- Producing and publishing release artifacts
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- **TODO**: documentation
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- **TODO**: feature/release planning, ticket assignment, etc
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This is a living document that is not (and possibly cannot be)
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comprehensive. If something is missing or unclear, or if you have
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suggestions for improving our processes, please file an issue or open
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a pull request.
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# Testing
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Cryptol primarily uses golden testing on the Cryptol interpreter
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executable. These tests provide the interpreter with input and then
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check the output against an expected output file. We make at least one
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test for each new issue, and keep the accumulated tests in our suite
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as regression tests. The test suite itself is written using the
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`test-framework` library, so it can readily output XML for consumption
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by CI systems.
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## Running tests
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To run the test suite, run `./cry test` from the root of the
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repository. By default, you'll get output on the console for each test
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that fails, either with an explanation for why it failed, or a command
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line you can paste in order to compare the test results against the
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expected output.
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The `./cry test` command invokes the `cryptol-test-runner` executable,
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which is defined in the `/tests/` directory. It is invoked with the
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location of the `cryptol` executable, an output directory, and
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standard `test-framework` command line arguments.
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## Creaing a new test
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A test consists at minimum of an `.icry` file, which is a batch-mode
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file for the interpreter, and an `.icry.stdout` file, which contains
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expected output (the "golden" file). As opposed to `.cry` Cryptol
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source files, `.icry` files are run by the interpreter line-by-line as
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if a user has typed each one in and pressed Enter.
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Frequently, one creates an `.icry` file by interactively producing a
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desired behavior in the interpreter, and then copying the relevant
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lines of input into the file. Remember that, as with unit testing,
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golden testing will only test the examples you give it, so make sure
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your examples exercise many instances and corner cases of the bug or
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feature.
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## Expected test failures
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We try to keep as few failing tests as possible in the `master`
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branch. Usually tests for new features are merged into the `master`
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branch in a working state. However if a new bug is reported, we often
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write tests for it before it is fixed, particularly if it will take
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some time to implement the fix.
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To prevent confusion over which tests ought and ought not to be
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failing, we add an `.icry.fails` file with an explanatory message
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alongside the `.icry` script that defines the test. This will usually
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reference an issue number, so that anyone running the test suite will
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understand that the reason for the failure is not _their_ changes, but
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rather a known issue that is already being handled.
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### Example
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Issue #6 was a feature request to add let-binding to the
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interpreter. @dylanmc gave an example of the input he wanted to be
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able to enter, so we created a file `/tests/issues/issue006.icry`
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with the contents:
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:let timesTwo x = x * 2
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:let double x = x + x
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:prove \x = timesTwo x == double x
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We might not yet know what the expected output should be, so we
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created a dummy file `/tests/issues/issue006.icry.stdout`:
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TODO: once implemented, do something sensible here
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Since this is not the output we got when running the `.icry` file,
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this was now a failing test. To prevent confusion, we marked that it
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was expected to fail by putting creating a
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`/tests/issues/issue006.icry.fails` file with a reference to the
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issue:
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In development, see issue #6
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As the issue progressed and we refined the design, @acfoltzer
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implemented the `let` feature and came up with some additional
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examples that stretch the legs of the feature further, so we updated
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our `.icry` file, this time loading a supplemental `.cry` file so we
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could test behavior within a module context.
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`issue006.cry`:
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f : [32] -> [32]
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f x = x + 2
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g : [32] -> [32]
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g x = f x + 1
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`issue006.icry`:
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:l issue006.cry
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g 5
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let f x = 0
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g 5
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(f : [32] -> [32]) 5
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let f x = if (x : [32]) == 0 then 1 else x * (f (x - 1))
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f 5
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let h x = g x
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h 5
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Since the feature was now implemented, we could also produce expected
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output. The easiest way to do this is to interpret the `.icry` file
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using the `-b` flag outside of the test runner, see if the results
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look as expected, and then save those results as the new
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`.icry.stdout`:
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# start with a fresh build
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% ./cry build
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...
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# tests are run from within the directory of the .icry file
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% cd tests/issues
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% ../../bin/cryptol -b issue006.icry
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Loading module Cryptol
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Loading module Cryptol
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Loading module Main
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0x00000008
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0x00000008
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0x00000000
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0x00000078
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0x00000008
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At this point, it's very important to compare the results you see
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against the results you expect from the inputs in the `.icry`
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script. Since the results looked correct, we piped the same command
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into the matching `.icry.stdout` file and removed the `.icry.fails`
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file:
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% ../../bin/cryptol -b issue006.icry.stdout
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% rm issue006.icry.fails
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Now the test case `issue006` passes, and will (hopefully!) break if
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the let-binding feature breaks.
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# Repository organization and practices
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The top-level repository directories are:
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- `/bench`: Benchmarking executable and suite
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- `/cryptol`: Haskell sources for the front-end `cryptol` executable
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and read-eval-print loop
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- `/docs`: LaTeX and Markdown sources for the Cryptol documentation
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- `/examples`: Cryptol sources implementing several interesting
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algorithms
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- `/lib`: Cryptol standard library sources
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- `/src`: Haskell sources for the `cryptol` library (the bulk of the
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implementation)
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- `/tests`: Haskell sources for the Cryptol regression test suite, as
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well as the Cryptol sources and expected outputs that comprise that
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suite
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- `/win32`: Support files for building the Windows installer
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## Branching and merging
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Within the `GaloisInc/cryptol` repository, we use the
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[git-flow model](http://nvie.com/posts/a-successful-git-branching-model/)
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for branches and merging. Our version has two notable differences:
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1. Our `master` (rather than `develop`) branch serves as the cutting
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edge development branch, and our `release` (rather than `master`)
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branch is where only pristine, tagged releases are committed.
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2. We use `wip` (work-in-progress) branches as a centralized storage
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place for (usually individual) work in progress. Whereas a
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`feature` branch is expected to be relatively stable, all bets are
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off with a `wip` branch. Typically `wip` branches are not actually
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merged directly into `master`, but instead are rebased into a new
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branch where the history is cleaned up before merging into
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`master`.
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In short:
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- Any substantial new features should be developed on a branch
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prefixed with `feature-`, and then merged into `master` when
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completed.
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- When we reach a feature freeze for a release, we create a new branch
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prefixed with `release-`, for example `release-2.1.0`. When the
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release is made, we merge those changes back into `master` and make
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a snapshot commit on the `release` branch.
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- If a critical bug emerges in already-released software, we create a
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branch off of the relevant `release` branch commit prefixed with
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`hotfix-`. When the hotfix is complete, we merge those changes
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back into `master` and make a snapshot commit on the `release`
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branch.
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# Releases
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We take the stability and reliability of our releases very
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seriously. To that end, our release process is based on principles of
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_automation_, _reproducibility_, and _assurance_.
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Automation is essential for reducing the possibility of human
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error. The checklist for a successful release is fairly lengthy, and
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most of the steps need not be done by hand. The real points of
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judgment for an individual release are deciding _when_ the codebase is
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ready to be released, not _how_ it is released.
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Reproducibility is essential for fixing bugs both in hotfixes and
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future mainline development. If we cannot reproduce the circumstances
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of a release, we might not be able to reproduce bugs that are reported
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by users of that release. Bugs are often very particular about the
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environment where they will arise, so it is critical to make the
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environment of a release consistent.
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Assurance is crucial due to the nature of development done with
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Cryptol. When people use Cryptol to develop the next generations of
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trustworthy systems, we want them to be sure the software was built by
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the Cryptol developers, and was not corrupted during download or
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replaced by a malicious third party. To this end, we sign our releases
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with a [GPG key](http://www.cryptol.net/files/Galois.asc).
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## Cutting releases
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The release process is:
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1. Make sure the `release-n.n.n` branch is in a release/ready state,
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with successful build artifacts across all platforms on the
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relevant GitHub Action.
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1. Merge the `release-n.n.n` branch into the pristine `release` branch
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and add a git tag.
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1. Merge the `release-n.n.n` branch back into `master` for future
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development.
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1. Upload the build archives to the draft release on Github.
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1. Upload the `.sig` files to the draft release on Github.
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1. Publish the release and announce it
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- <http://www.cryptol.net> (in the `cryptol2-web.git` repo)
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- <cryptol-team@lists.galois.com>
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- <cryptol-users@community.galois.com>
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- @galois on Twitter (for major releases)
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