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330 lines
8.9 KiB
Markdown
330 lines
8.9 KiB
Markdown
---
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language: coldfusion
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filename: learncoldfusion.cfm
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contributors:
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- ["Wayne Boka", "http://wboka.github.io"]
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- ["Kevin Morris", "https://twitter.com/kevinmorris"]
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---
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ColdFusion is a scripting language for web development.
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[Read more here.](http://www.adobe.com/products/coldfusion-family.html)
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### CFML
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_**C**old**F**usion **M**arkup **L**anguage_
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ColdFusion started as a tag-based language. Almost all functionality is available using tags.
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```cfm
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<em>HTML tags have been provided for output readability</em>
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<!--- Comments start with "<!---" and end with "--->" --->
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<!---
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Comments can
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also
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span
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multiple lines
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--->
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<!--- CFML tags have a similar format to HTML tags. --->
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<h1>Simple Variables</h1>
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<!--- Variable Declaration: Variables are loosely typed, similar to javascript --->
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<p>Set <b>myVariable</b> to "myValue"</p>
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<cfset myVariable = "myValue" />
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<p>Set <b>myNumber</b> to 3.14</p>
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<cfset myNumber = 3.14 />
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<!--- Displaying simple data --->
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<!--- Use <cfoutput> for simple values such as strings, numbers, and expressions --->
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<p>Display <b>myVariable</b>: <cfoutput>#myVariable#</cfoutput></p><!--- myValue --->
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<p>Display <b>myNumber</b>: <cfoutput>#myNumber#</cfoutput></p><!--- 3.14 --->
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<hr />
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<h1>Complex Variables</h1>
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<!--- Declaring complex variables --->
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<!--- Declaring an array of 1 dimension: literal or bracket notation --->
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<p>Set <b>myArray1</b> to an array of 1 dimension using literal or bracket notation</p>
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<cfset myArray1 = [] />
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<!--- Declaring an array of 1 dimension: function notation --->
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<p>Set <b>myArray2</b> to an array of 1 dimension using function notation</p>
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<cfset myArray2 = ArrayNew(1) />
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<!--- Outputting complex variables --->
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<p>Contents of <b>myArray1</b></p>
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<cfdump var="#myArray1#" /> <!--- An empty array object --->
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<p>Contents of <b>myArray2</b></p>
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<cfdump var="#myArray2#" /> <!--- An empty array object --->
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<!--- Operators --->
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<!--- Arithmetic --->
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<h1>Operators</h1>
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<h2>Arithmetic</h2>
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<p>1 + 1 = <cfoutput>#1 + 1#</cfoutput></p>
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<p>10 - 7 = <cfoutput>#10 - 7#<br /></cfoutput></p>
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<p>15 * 10 = <cfoutput>#15 * 10#<br /></cfoutput></p>
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<p>100 / 5 = <cfoutput>#100 / 5#<br /></cfoutput></p>
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<p>120 % 5 = <cfoutput>#120 % 5#<br /></cfoutput></p>
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<p>120 mod 5 = <cfoutput>#120 mod 5#<br /></cfoutput></p>
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<hr />
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<!--- Comparison --->
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<h2>Comparison</h2>
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<h3>Standard Notation</h3>
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<p>Is 1 eq 1? <cfoutput>#1 eq 1#</cfoutput></p>
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<p>Is 15 neq 1? <cfoutput>#15 neq 1#</cfoutput></p>
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<p>Is 10 gt 8? <cfoutput>#10 gt 8#</cfoutput></p>
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<p>Is 1 lt 2? <cfoutput>#1 lt 2#</cfoutput></p>
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<p>Is 10 gte 5? <cfoutput>#10 gte 5#</cfoutput></p>
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<p>Is 1 lte 5? <cfoutput>#1 lte 5#</cfoutput></p>
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<h3>Alternative Notation</h3>
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<p>Is 1 == 1? <cfoutput>#1 eq 1#</cfoutput></p>
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<p>Is 15 != 1? <cfoutput>#15 neq 1#</cfoutput></p>
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<p>Is 10 > 8? <cfoutput>#10 gt 8#</cfoutput></p>
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<p>Is 1 < 2? <cfoutput>#1 lt 2#</cfoutput></p>
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<p>Is 10 >= 5? <cfoutput>#10 gte 5#</cfoutput></p>
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<p>Is 1 <= 5? <cfoutput>#1 lte 5#</cfoutput></p>
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<hr />
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<!--- Control Structures --->
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<h1>Control Structures</h1>
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<cfset myCondition = "Test" />
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<p>Condition to test for: "<cfoutput>#myCondition#</cfoutput>"</p>
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<cfif myCondition eq "Test">
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<cfoutput>#myCondition#. We're testing.</cfoutput>
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<cfelseif myCondition eq "Production">
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<cfoutput>#myCondition#. Proceed Carefully!!!</cfoutput>
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<cfelse>
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myCondition is unknown
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</cfif>
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<hr />
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<!--- Loops --->
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<h1>Loops</h1>
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<h2>For Loop</h2>
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<cfloop from="0" to="10" index="i">
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<p>Index equals <cfoutput>#i#</cfoutput></p>
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</cfloop>
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<h2>For Each Loop (Complex Variables)</h2>
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<p>Set <b>myArray3</b> to [5, 15, 99, 45, 100]</p>
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<cfset myArray3 = [5, 15, 99, 45, 100] />
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<cfloop array="#myArray3#" index="i">
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<p>Index equals <cfoutput>#i#</cfoutput></p>
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</cfloop>
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<p>Set <b>myArray4</b> to ["Alpha", "Bravo", "Charlie", "Delta", "Echo"]</p>
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<cfset myArray4 = ["Alpha", "Bravo", "Charlie", "Delta", "Echo"] />
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<cfloop array="#myArray4#" index="s">
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<p>Index equals <cfoutput>#s#</cfoutput></p>
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</cfloop>
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<h2>Switch Statement</h2>
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<p>Set <b>myArray5</b> to [5, 15, 99, 45, 100]</p>
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<cfset myArray5 = [5, 15, 99, 45, 100] />
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<cfloop array="#myArray5#" index="i">
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<cfswitch expression="#i#">
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<cfcase value="5,15,45" delimiters=",">
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<p><cfoutput>#i#</cfoutput> is a multiple of 5.</p>
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</cfcase>
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<cfcase value="99">
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<p><cfoutput>#i#</cfoutput> is ninety-nine.</p>
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</cfcase>
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<cfdefaultcase>
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<p><cfoutput>#i#</cfoutput> is not 5, 15, 45, or 99.</p>
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</cfdefaultcase>
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</cfswitch>
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</cfloop>
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<hr />
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<h1>Converting types</h1>
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<style>
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table.table th, table.table td {
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border: 1px solid #000000;
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padding: 2px;
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}
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table.table th {
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background-color: #CCCCCC;
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}
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</style>
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<table class="table" cellspacing="0">
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>Value</th>
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<th>As Boolean</th>
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<th>As number</th>
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<th>As date-time</th>
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<th>As string</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<th>"Yes"</th>
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<td>TRUE</td>
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<td>1</td>
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<td>Error</td>
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<td>"Yes"</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>"No"</th>
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<td>FALSE</td>
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<td>0</td>
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<td>Error</td>
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<td>"No"</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>TRUE</th>
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<td>TRUE</td>
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<td>1</td>
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<td>Error</td>
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<td>"Yes"</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>FALSE</th>
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<td>FALSE</td>
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<td>0</td>
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<td>Error</td>
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<td>"No"</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>Number</th>
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<td>True if Number is not 0; False otherwise.</td>
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<td>Number</td>
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<td>See "Date-time values" earlier in this chapter.</td>
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<td>String representation of the number (for example, "8").</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>String</th>
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<td>If "Yes", True <br>If "No", False <br>If it can be converted to 0, False <br>If it can be converted to any other number, True</td>
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<td>If it represents a number (for example, "1,000" or "12.36E-12"), it is converted to the corresponding number.</td>
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<td>If it represents a date-time (see next column), it is converted to the numeric value of the corresponding date-time object. <br>If it is an ODBC date, time, or timestamp (for example "{ts '2001-06-14 11:30:13'}", or if it is expressed in a standard U.S. date or time format, including the use of full or abbreviated month names, it is converted to the corresponding date-time value. <br>Days of the week or unusual punctuation result in an error. <br>Dashes, forward-slashes, and spaces are generally allowed.</td>
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<td>String</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>Date</th>
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<td>Error</td>
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<td>The numeric value of the date-time object.</td>
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<td>Date</td>
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<td>An ODBC timestamp.</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<hr />
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<h1>Components</h1>
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<em>Code for reference (Functions must return something to support IE)</em>
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```
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```cfs
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<cfcomponent>
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<cfset this.hello = "Hello" />
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<cfset this.world = "world" />
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<cffunction name="sayHello">
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<cfreturn this.hello & ", " & this.world & "!" />
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</cffunction>
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<cffunction name="setHello">
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<cfargument name="newHello" type="string" required="true" />
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<cfset this.hello = arguments.newHello />
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<cfreturn true />
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</cffunction>
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<cffunction name="setWorld">
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<cfargument name="newWorld" type="string" required="true" />
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<cfset this.world = arguments.newWorld />
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<cfreturn true />
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</cffunction>
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<cffunction name="getHello">
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<cfreturn this.hello />
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</cffunction>
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<cffunction name="getWorld">
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<cfreturn this.world />
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</cffunction>
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</cfcomponent>
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<cfset this.hello = "Hello" />
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<cfset this.world = "world" />
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<cffunction name="sayHello">
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<cfreturn this.hello & ", " & this.world & "!" />
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</cffunction>
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<cffunction name="setHello">
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<cfargument name="newHello" type="string" required="true" />
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<cfset this.hello = arguments.newHello />
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<cfreturn true />
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</cffunction>
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<cffunction name="setWorld">
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<cfargument name="newWorld" type="string" required="true" />
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<cfset this.world = arguments.newWorld />
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<cfreturn true />
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</cffunction>
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<cffunction name="getHello">
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<cfreturn this.hello />
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</cffunction>
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<cffunction name="getWorld">
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<cfreturn this.world />
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</cffunction>
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<b>sayHello()</b>
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<cfoutput><p>#sayHello()#</p></cfoutput>
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<b>getHello()</b>
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<cfoutput><p>#getHello()#</p></cfoutput>
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<b>getWorld()</b>
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<cfoutput><p>#getWorld()#</p></cfoutput>
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<b>setHello("Hola")</b>
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<cfoutput><p>#setHello("Hola")#</p></cfoutput>
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<b>setWorld("mundo")</b>
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<cfoutput><p>#setWorld("mundo")#</p></cfoutput>
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<b>sayHello()</b>
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<cfoutput><p>#sayHello()#</p></cfoutput>
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<b>getHello()</b>
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<cfoutput><p>#getHello()#</p></cfoutput>
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<b>getWorld()</b>
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<cfoutput><p>#getWorld()#</p></cfoutput>
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```
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### CFScript
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_**C**old**F**usion **S**cript_
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In recent years, the ColdFusion language has added script syntax to mirror tag functionality. When using an up-to-date CF server, almost all functionality is available using scrypt syntax.
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## Further Reading
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The links provided here below are just to get an understanding of the topic, feel free to Google and find specific examples.
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1. [Coldfusion Reference From Adobe](https://helpx.adobe.com/coldfusion/cfml-reference/topics.html)
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2. [Open Source Documentation](http://cfdocs.org/)
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