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121 lines
4.4 KiB
HTML
121 lines
4.4 KiB
HTML
---
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language: html
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filename: learnhtml.txt
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contributors:
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- ["Christophe THOMAS", "https://github.com/WinChris"]
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translators:
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- ["Robert Steed", "https://github.com/robochat"]
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---
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HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language.
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It is a language which allows us to write pages for the world wide web.
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It is a markup language, it enables us to write webpages using code to indicate how text and data should be displayed.
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In fact, html files are simple text files.
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What is this markup? It is a method of organising the page's data by surrounding it with opening tags and closing tags.
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This markup serves to give significance to the text that it encloses.
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Like other computer languages, HTML has many versions. Here we will talk about HTML5.
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**NOTE :** You can test the different tags and elements as you progress through the tutorial on a site like [codepen](http://codepen.io/pen/) in order to see their effects, understand how they work and familiarise yourself with the language.
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This article is concerned principally with HTML syntax and some useful tips.
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```html
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<!-- Comments are enclosed like this line! -->
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<!-- #################### The Tags #################### -->
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<!-- Here is an example HTML file that we are going to analyse. -->
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<!doctype html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>My Site</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>Hello, world!</h1>
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<a href = "http://codepen.io/anon/pen/xwjLbZ">Come look at what this shows</a>
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<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
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<p>This is another paragraph.</p>
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<ul>
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<li>This is an item in a non-enumerated list (bullet list)</li>
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<li>This is another item</li>
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<li>And this is the last item on the list</li>
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</ul>
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</body>
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</html>
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<!-- An HTML file always starts by indicating to the browser that the page is HTML. -->
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<!doctype html>
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<!-- After this, it starts by opening an <html> tag. -->
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<html>
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<!-- that will be closed at the end of the file with </html>. -->
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</html>
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<!-- Nothing should appear after this final tag. -->
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<!-- Inside (between the opening and closing tags <html></html>), we find: -->
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<!-- A header defined by <head> (it must be closed with </head>). -->
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<!-- The header contains some description and additional information which are not displayed; this is metadata. -->
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<head>
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<title>My Site</title><!-- The tag <title> indicates to the browser the title to show in browser window's title bar and tab name. -->
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</head>
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<!-- After the <head> section, we find the tag - <body> -->
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<!-- Until this point, nothing described will show up in the browser window. -->
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<!-- We must fill the body with the content to be displayed. -->
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<body>
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<h1>Hello, world!</h1> <!-- The h1 tag creates a title. -->
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<!-- There are also subtitles to <h1> from the most important (h2) to the most precise (h6). -->
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<a href = "http://codepen.io/anon/pen/xwjLbZ">Come look at what this shows</a> <!-- a hyperlink to the url given by the attribute href="" -->
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<p>This is a paragraph.</p> <!-- The tag <p> lets us include text in the html page. -->
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<p>This is another paragraph.</p>
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<ul> <!-- The tag <ul> creates a bullet list. -->
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<!-- To have a numbered list instead we would use <ol> giving 1. for the first element, 2. for the second, etc. -->
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<li>This is an item in a non-enumerated list (bullet list)</li>
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<li>This is another item</li>
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<li>And this is the last item on the list</li>
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</ul>
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</body>
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<!-- And that's it, creating an HTML file can be simple. -->
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<!-- But it is possible to add many additional types of HTML tags. -->
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<!-- To insert an image. -->
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<img src="http://i.imgur.com/XWG0O.gif"/> <!-- The source of the image is indicated using the attribute src="" -->
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<!-- The source can be an URL or even path to a file on your computer. -->
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<!-- It is also possible to create a table. -->
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<table> <!-- We open a <table> element. -->
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<tr> <!-- <tr> allows us to create a row. -->
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<th>First Header</th> <!-- <th> allows us to give a title to a table column. -->
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<th>Second Header</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>first row, first column</td> <!-- <td> allows us to create a table cell. -->
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<td>first row, second column</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>second row, first column</td>
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<td>second row, second column</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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```
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## Usage
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HTML is written in files ending with `.html` or `.htm`. The mime type is `text/html`.
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## To Learn More
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* [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML)
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* [HTML tutorial](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML)
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* [W3School](http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_intro.asp)
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