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“Grade” (GRAD in CSS) is an axis found in some variable fonts that can be used to alter stroke thicknesses (or other forms) without affecting the type’s overall width, inter-letter spacing, or kerning—unlike altering weight. This means there are no changes to line breaks or page layout.

The Google Fonts CSS v2 API defines the axis as:

Default: Min: Max: Step:
0 -1000 1000 1

Negative grade makes the style lighter, while positive grade makes it heavier. The units are the same as in the weight (wght) axis.

Two side-by-side type specimens of the word “slightly”, each shown with a variable axis represented beneath as a horizontal slider. The first specimen, with the slider most of the way to the left to represent a negative value on the axis, shows more contrast. The second specimen, with the slider most of the way to the right to represent a positive value on the axis, shows less contrast.

Typeface: Roboto Serif

In line with the current CSS spec, all custom axes should be referenced in UPPERCASE (only the officially registered variable axes should appear in lowercase). Also, when using the Google Fonts API, the uppercase axes have to appear first in the URL.