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Italic (ital in CSS) is an axis found in some variable fonts. It controls the font files italic parameter, with italics either turned “off” or “on”, rather than gradually changing over a range.

The Google Fonts CSS v2 API defines the axis as:

Default: Min: Max: Step:
0 0 1 0.1

Two side-by-side type specimens of the word “jumpstart”, each shown with a variable axis represented beneath as an on/off switch. The first specimen, with the switch to the left, uses upright or regular forms. The second specimen, with the switch to the right, uses italic forms.

Typeface: EB Garamond

Italic is a type style thats almost always slanted and is designed to create emphasis in text. Originally based on semi-cursive forms, italics are a direct contrast to the upright style. Unlike obliques, which are slanted versions of the upright forms, italics have a different structure informed by cursive handwriting—with their own nuances.

Because most italic forms are slanted, for variable fonts, the italic axis and the slant axis are very closely related. For detailed descriptions on how to use both, please see our “Styling type on the web with variable fonts” article.