Add licence and changelog and update REAMDE

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Edwin Brady 2020-05-20 11:31:24 +01:00
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Changes since Idris 2 v0.1.0
----------------------------
The implementation is now self-hosted. To initialise the build, either use
the [bootstrapping version of Idris2](https://github.com/edwinb/Idris2-boot)
or build fromt the generated Scheme, using `make bootstrap`.
Compiler updates:
* Data types with a single constructor, with a single unerased arguments,
are translated to just that argument, to save repeated packing and unpacking.
(c.f. `newtype` in Haskell)
+ A data type can opt out of this behaviour by specifying `noNewtype` in its
options list. `noNewtype` allows code generators to apply special handling
to the generated constructor/deconstructor, for a newtype-like data type,
that would otherwise be optimised away.
* 0-multiplicity constructor arguments are now properly erased, not just
given a placeholder null value.
Language extensions:
* %transform directive, for declaring transformation rules on runtime
expressions. Transformation rules are automatically added for top level
implementations of interfaces.
* A %spec flag on functions which allows arguments to be marked for partial
evaluation, following the rules from "Scrapping Your Inefficient Engine"
(ICFP 2010, Brady & Hammond)
Library additions:
* Additional file management operations in `base`
* New modules in `contrib` for time (`System.Clock`); JSON (`Language.JSON.*`);
random numbers (`System.Random`)
Other improvements:
* Various performance improvements in the typechecker:
+ Noting which metavariables are blocking unification constraints, so that
they only get retried if those metavariables make progress.
+ Evaluating `fromInteger` at compile time.
+ In the run-time, reuse the old heap after garbage collection if it
hasn't been resized, to avoid unnecessary system calls.
* Extend Idris2's literate mode to support reading Markdown and OrgMode files.
For more details see: https://idris2.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/literate.html
* Fields of records can be accessed (and updated) using the dot syntax,
such as `r.field1.field2` or `record { field1.field2 = 42 }`.
For details, see https://idris2.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/records.html
Changes since Idris 1
---------------------
Everything :). For full details, see:
https://idris2.readthedocs.io/en/latest/updates/updates.html

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Copyright (c) 2020 Edwin Brady
School of Computer Science, University of St Andrews
All rights reserved.
This code is derived from software written by Edwin Brady
(ecb10@st-andrews.ac.uk).
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. None of the names of the copyright holders may be used to endorse
or promote products derived from this software without specific
prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE
OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*** End of disclaimer. ***

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Self-hosted Idris 2
-------------------
Idris 2
=======
It finally happened!
[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/edwinb/Idris2-SH.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/edwinb/Idris2)
See `INSTALL.md` for installation instructions.
[Idris 2](https://idris-lang.org/) is a purely functional programming language
with first class types.
There are no guarantees: This repository might move or be renamed or deleted or
anything at no notice. It will eventually turn into the real Idris 2
repository, one way or another.
For full installation instructions, see [INSTALL.md](INSTALL.md). Briefly, if
you have Chez Scheme installed, with the executable name `chez`, type:
Good luck :)
* `make bootstrap SCHEME=chez`
* `make install`
You may need to change `chez` to be the local name of your Chez Scheme. This
is often one of `scheme`, `chezscheme` or `chezscheme9.5` (depending on the
version)
Idris 2 is mostly backwards compatible with Idris 1, with some minor
exceptions. The most notable user visible differences, which might cause Idris
1 programs to fail to type check, are:
+ Unbound implicit arguments are always erased, so it is a type error to
attempt to pattern match on one.
+ Simplified resolution of ambiguous names, which might mean you need to
explicitly disambiguate more often. As a general rule, Idris 2 will be able
to disambiguate between names which have different concrete return types
(such as data constructors), or which have different concrete argument
types (such as record projections). It may struggle to resolve ambiguities
if one name requires an interface to be resolved.
+ Minor differences in the meaning of export modifiers `private`, `export`,
and `public export`, which now refer to visibility of names from other
*namespaces* rather than visibility from other *files*.
+ Module names must match the filename in which they are defined (unless
the module's name is "Main").
+ Anything which uses a `%language` pragma in Idris 1 is likely to be different.
Notably, elaborator reflection will exist, but most likely in a slightly
different form because the internal details of the elaborator are different.
+ The `Prelude` is much smaller (and easier to replace with an alternative).
+ `let x = val in e` no longer computes with `x` in `e`, instead being
essentially equivalent to `(\x => e) val`. This is to make the
behaviour of `let` consistent in the presence of `case` and `with` (where
it is hard to push the computation inside the `case`/`with` efficiently).
Instead, you can define functions locally with `let`, which do have
computational force, as follows:
let x : ?
x = val in
e
Watch this space for more details and the rationale for the changes, as I
get around to writing it...
Summary of new features:
+ A core language based on "Quantitative Type Theory" which allows explicit
annotation of erased types, and linear types.
+ `let` bindings are now more expressive, and can be used to define pattern
matching functions locally.
+ Names which are in scope in a type are also always in scope in the body of
the corresponding definition.
+ Better inference. Holes are global to a source file, rather than local to
a definition, meaning that some holes can be left in function types to be
inferred by the type checker. This also gives better inference for the types
of `case` expressions, and means fewer annotations are needed in interface
declarations.
+ Better type checker implementation which minimises the need for compile
time evaluation.
+ New Chez Scheme based back end which both compiles and runs faster than the
default Idris 1 back end. (Also, optionally, Racket and Gambit can be used
as targets).
+ Everything works faster :).
A significant change in the implementation is that there is an intermediate
language `TTImp`, which is essentially a desugared Idris, and is cleanly
separated from the high level language which means it is potentially usable
as a core language for other high level syntaxes.
Things still missing
====================
+ Disambiguation via 'with'
+ Cumulativity (so we currently have Type : Type! Bear that in mind when you
think you've proved something :))
+ 'rewrite' doesn't yet work on dependent types
+ Parts of the ide-mode, particularly syntax highlighting
+ Documentation strings and HTML documentation generation
+ ':search' and ':apropos' at the REPL
+ Metaprogramming (reflection, partial evaluation)
Talks
=====
[![Idris 2 - Type-driven Development of Idris (Curry On - London 2019)](https://img.youtube.com/vi/DRq2NgeFcO0/0.jpg)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DRq2NgeFcO0 "Idris 2 - Type-driven Development of Idris (Curry On - London 2019)")