urbit/base/pub/doc/hoon/library/2a.md
Anton Dyudin 6cbb6b060d Revert "remove docs for demo", "remove odds and ends", "demo network", "DEMO ONLY: root beak as %demo.", "DEMO ONLY: don't show doznec flapping.", "Prinrtf."
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Conflicts:
	urb/urbit.pill
	urb/zod/base/lib/drum.hoon
2015-06-15 18:10:02 -07:00

8.3 KiB

chapter 2a, basic unsigned math

++add

Add

++  add                                                 ::  add
  ~/  %add
  |=  [a=@ b=@]
  ^-  @
  ?:  =(0 a)  b
  $(a (dec a), b +(b))
::

Produces the sum of a and b as an atom.

a is an atom.

b is an atom.

~zod/try=> (add 2 2)
4
~zod/try=> (add 1 1.000.000)
1.000.001
~zod/try=> (add 1.333 (mul 2 2))
1.337

++cap

Tree head

++  cap                                                 ::  tree head
  ~/  %cap
  |=  a=@
  ^-  ?(%2 %3)
  ?-  a
    %2        %2
    %3        %3
    ?(%0 %1)  !!
    *         $(a (div a 2))
  ==
::

Tests whether an a is in the head or tail of a noun. Produces the cube %2 if it is within the head, or the cube %3 if is is within the tail.

a is an atom.

~zod/try=> (cap 4)
%2
~zod/try=> (cap 6)
%3
~zod/try=> (cap (add 10 9))
%2

++dec

Decrement

++  dec                                                 ::  decrement
  ~/  %dec
  |=  a=@
  ~|  %decrement-underflow
  ?<  =(0 a)
  =+  b=0
  |-  ^-  @
  ?:  =(a +(b))  b
  $(b +(b))
::

Produces a-1 as an atom.

a is an atom.

~zod/try=> (dec 7)
6
~zod/try=> (dec 0)
! decrement-underflow
! exit

++div

Divide

++  div                                                 ::  divide
  ~/  %div
  |=  [a=@ b=@]
  ^-  @
  ~|  'div'
  ?<  =(0 b)
  =+  c=0
  |-
  ?:  (lth a b)  c
  $(a (sub a b), c +(c))
::

Computes a divided by b, producing an atom.

a is an atom.

b is an atom.

~zod/try=> (div 4 2)
2
~zod/try=> (div 17 8)
2
~zod/try=> (div 20 30)
0

++fac

Factorial

++  fac                                                 ::  factorial
  ~/  %fac
  |=  a=@
  ^-  @
  ?:  =(0 a)  1
  (mul a $(a (dec a)))
::

Computes the factorial of a, producing an atom.

a is an atom.

~zod/try=> (fac 3)
6
~zod/try=> (fac 0)
1
~zod/try=> (fac 11)
39.916.800

++gte

Greater-than/equal

++  gte                                                 ::  greater-equal
  ~/  %gte
  |=  [a=@ b=@]
  ^-  ?
  !(lth a b)
::

Tests whether a is greater than a number b, producing a loobean.

a is an atom.

b is an atom.

~zod/try=> (gte 100 10)
%.y
~zod/try=> (gte 4 4)
%.y
~zod/try=> (gte 3 4)
%.n

++gth

Greater-than

++  gth                                                 ::  greater-than
  ~/  %gth
  |=  [a=@ b=@]
  ^-  ?
  !(lte a b)
::

Tests whether a is greater than b, producing a loobean.

a is an atom.

b is an atom.

~zod/try=> (gth 'd' 'c')
%.y
~zod/try=> (gth ~h1 ~m61)
%.n

++lte

Less-than/equal

++  lte                                                 ::  less-equal
  ~/  %lte
  |=  [a=@ b=@]
  |(=(a b) (lth a b))
::

Tests whether a is less than or equal to b, producing a loobean.

a is an atom.

b is an atom.

~zod/try=> (lte 4 5)
%.y
~zod/try=> (lte 5 4)
%.n
~zod/try=> (lte 5 5)
%.y
~zod/try=> (lte 0 0)
%.y

++lth

Less-than

++  lth                                                 ::  less-than
  ~/  %lth
  |=  [a=@ b=@]
  ^-  ?
  ?&  !=(a b) 
      |-  
      ?|  =(0 a)  
          ?&  !=(0 b) 
              $(a (dec a), b (dec b))
  ==  ==  ==
::

Tests whether a is less than b, producing a loobean.

a is an atom.

b is an atom.

~zod/try=> (lth 4 5)
%.y
~zod/try=> (lth 5 4)
%.n
~zod/try=> (lth 5 5)
%.n
~zod/try=> (lth 5 0)
%.n

++mas

Axis within head/tail

++  mas                                                 ::  tree body
  ~/  %mas
  |=  a=@
  ^-  @
  ?-  a
    1   !!
    2   1
    3   1
    *   (add (mod a 2) (mul $(a (div a 2)) 2))
  ==
::

Computes the axis of a within the head or the tail, producing an atom.

a is an atom.

~zod/try=> (mas 3)
1
~zod/try=> (mas 4)
2
~zod/try=> (mas 5)
3
~zod/try=> (mas 6)
2
~zod/try=> (mas 0)
! exit
~zod/try=> (mas 1)
! exit

++max

Maximum

++  max                                                 ::  maximum
  ~/  %max
  |=  [a=@ b=@]
  ^-  @
  ?:  (gth a b)  a
  b
::

Computes the maximum of a and b, producing an atom.

a is an atom.

b is an atom.

~zod/try=> (max 10 100)
100
~zod/try=> (max 10.443 9)
10.443
~zod/try=> (max 0 1)
1

++min

Minimum

++  min                                                 ::  minimum
  ~/  %min
  |=  [a=@ b=@]
  ^-  @
  ?:  (lth a b)  a
  b
::

Computes the minimum of a and b, producing an atom.

a is an atom.

b is an atom.

~zod/try=> (min 10 100)
10
~zod/try=> (min 10.443 9)
9
~zod/try=> (min 0 1)
0

++mod

Modulus

++  mod                                                 ::  remainder
  ~/  %mod
  |=  [a=@ b=@]
  ^-  @
  ?<  =(0 b)
  (sub a (mul b (div a b)))
::

Computes the remainder of dividing a by b, producing an atom.

a is an atom.

b is an atom.


++mul

Multiply

++  mul                                                 ::  multiply
  ~/  %mul
  |=  [a=@ b=@]
  ^-  @
  =+  c=0
  |-
  ?:  =(0 a)  c
  $(a (dec a), c (add b c))
::

Multiplies a by b, producing an atom.

a is an atom.

b is an atom.

~zod/try=> (mul 3 4)
 12 
~zod/try=> (mul 0 1) 
0

++peg

Axis within axis

++  peg                                                 ::  tree connect
  ~/  %peg
  |=  [a=@ b=@]
  ^-  @
  ?-  b
    1   a
    2   (mul a 2)
    3   +((mul a 2))
    *   (add (mod b 2) (mul $(b (div b 2)) 2))
  ==
::

Computes the axis of b within axis a, producing an atom.

a is an atom.

b is an atom.

~zod/try=>  (peg 4 1)
4
~zod/try=>  (peg 4 2)
8
~zod/try=>  (peg 8 45)
269

++sub

Subtract

++  sub                                                 ::  subtract
  ~/  %sub
  |=  [a=@ b=@]
  ~|  %subtract-underflow
  ^-  @
  ?:  =(0 b)  a
  $(a (dec a), b (dec b))

Subtracts b from a, producing an atom.

a is an atom.

b is an atom.

~zod/try=> (sub 10 5)
5
~zod/try=> (sub 243 44)
199
~zod/try=> (sub 5 0)
5
~zod/try=> (sub 0 5)
! subtract-underflow
! exit