elm-review/README.md

elm-lint

An Elm linter written in Elm. Get your code from correct to better. You can learn about the API and the rules it provides on the package documentation.

What does elm-lint do?

elm-lint analyzes your Elm source code, and tries to recognize patterns that may be considered harmful or can be improved upon. If you are familiar with ESLint from JavaScript, this is pretty much the same idea.

The idea is to improve your Elm source code base, after it passes compilation and elm-format has been run on it.

This packages offers a few rules that you can pick and configure to improve your code base, but you can also create your own rules, to enforce rules specific to your project or team. A few cases:

• You noticed a bad pattern in your codebase, wrote a nice module to handle the pattern better, and want to prevent your team from writing that pattern from now on. You can then write a rule to detect that pattern and have it suggest using your module instead. If you don't, you need to communicate this well to all your
  • When using the core HTML package, you may style your tags using the style function. When using elm-css, you probably want to avoid using that function (or the core HTML package altogether) and can write a rule for it.
• You published a library in the Elm package registry, and notice some pitfalls that users can fall in, that all your research for a better API do not prevent. You can then publish a separate package (or even in the same package) with rules preventing those pitfalls, should the user use elm-lint in their project.
• You often notice that strings in your codebase contain very common typos, or bad use of punctuation (like a missing space after ;).
• You have one module in your codebase which centralizes some data used accross the application (the paths to all the images, a list of all the available colors, ...), but you keep finding new definitions of that data accross the codebase.

When solving a problem, a good API is a usually a better solution than writing a linter rule. But in some cases, even if you've written a good API, nothing prevents teammates or yourself from falling in the same unwanted patterns as before, especially when dealing with primitive values or constructs.

When introducing elm-lint or new rules to your project and team, you should discuss it with them first. It is easy to think that some patterns are always better and want to enforce them, where in reality some edge cases exist where they aren't wanted. Also, people don't usually like it when seemingly arbitrary rules are imposed on them, especially if it relates to code style, so be sure to talk with them and explain the rationale.

Try it

The preferred method, if you have Node.js and npm installed, is to use node-elm-lint, which has instructions on how to install it. This will allow you to lint your whole project.

Also, you can try the online version here, where you can copy-paste your source code and see the linting errors.

Do remember that elm-lint is supposed to be run after the Elm compiler has validated the code, and is thus very unhelpful if you have parsing errors.

Rules

These are the rules that are built-in and available for you to choose from.

• NoDebug - Forbid the use of Debug before it goes into production.
• NoExtraBooleanComparison - Forbid extraneous comparisons with booleans, like (isAdmin user) == True.
• NoImportingEverything - Forbid importing everything from your module. This can especially be confusing to newcomers when the exposed functions and types are unknown to them.
• NoUnusedVariables - Reports variables that are declared but never used.
• NoUnusedTypeConstructors - Reports type constructors that are declared but never used.

The following is a list of rules that were temporarily removed when changing the AST implementation, and which can potentially be re-added later.

• NoExposingEverything - Forbid exporting everything in your modules module Main exposing (..), to make your module explicit in what it exposes.
• NoConstantCondition - Forbid the use of expressions in an If condition whose value are always the same.
• NoNestedLet - Forbid nesting let expressions directly.
• NoUnannotatedFunction - Ensure every top-level function declaration has a type annotation.
• NoUselessIf - Reports when both paths of an If expression result will lead to the same value.
• NoUselessPatternMatching - Reports case expressions that can be simplified. Either when all patterns will lead to the same value, or when a pattern will lead to the same value as the default pattern.
• NoWarningComments - Detect comments containing words like TODO, FIXME and XXX.
• SimplifyPiping - Simplify piped functions like List.map f >> List.map g to List.map (f >> g)
• SimplifyPropertyAccess - Replace functions that only return the property of its parameter by an access function, like (\x -> x.foo) to .foo
• ElmTest.NoDuplicateTestBodies - Forbid having multiple tests with the same bodies. Often a consequence of copy-pasting tests.

Configuration

Configuration is done via an Elm file. Note that this is an experiment, as loading a configuration written in JSON, YAML or similar format is probably much faster to load than compiling the configuration using the Elm compiler. The benefit of having the configuration written in Elm, is having nicer error messages when there is a misconfiguration, potential auto-completion, and more explicit rule locations (no need for some magic to find the rules defined by a plugin for instance).

Since the rule is written in Elm, the rules are publishable on the Elm package registry, and more Elm users should be able to write their own rule than if it was written in a different language like Haskell.

module LintConfig exposing (config)

import Lint.Rule exposing (Rule)
import Lint.Rule.NoDebug
import Lint.Rule.NoExtraBooleanComparison
import Lint.Rule.NoImportingEverything
import Lint.Rule.NoUnusedTypeConstructors
import Lint.Rule.NoUnusedVariables


config : List Rule
config =
    [ Lint.Rule.NoExtraBooleanComparison.rule
    , Lint.Rule.NoUnusedVariables.rule
    , Lint.Rule.NoUnusedTypeConstructors.rule
    , Lint.Rule.NoDebug.rule
    , Lint.Rule.NoImportingEverything.rule { exceptions = [ "Html" ] }
    ]

Write your own rule

You can write your own rule using this package's API and elm-syntax. Check out the Lint.Rule module for more instructions.

Here's an example of a rule that prevents a typo in a string that was made too often at your company.

module NoStringWithMisspelledCompanyName exposing (rule)

import Elm.Syntax.Expression exposing (Expression(..))
import Elm.Syntax.Node as Node exposing (Node)
import Lint.Rule as Rule exposing (Error, Rule)


rule : Rule
rule =
    Rule.newSchema "NoStringWithMisspelledCompanyName"
        |> Rule.withSimpleExpressionVisitor expressionVisitor
        |> Rule.fromSchema


expressionVisitor : Node Expression -> List Error
expressionVisitor node =
    case Node.value node of
        Literal str ->
            if String.contains "frits.com" str then
                [ Rule.error
                    { message = "Replace `frits.com` by `fruits.com`"
                    , details = [ "This typo has been made and noticed by users too many times. Our company is `fruits.com`, not `frits.com`." ]
                    }
                    (Node.range node)
                ]

            else
                []

        _ ->
            []

Then add the rule in your configuration:

module LintConfig exposing (config)

import Lint.Rule exposing (Rule)
import NoStringWithMisspelledCompanyName


config : List Rule
config =
    [ NoStringWithMisspelledCompanyName.rule
    -- other rules...
    ]

Questions and comments you may have

# Is there a way to disable a reported error only in some locations?

There is none at the moment, for two reasons:

• The most practical way to locally disable a rule would probably be through comments, like how ESLint does it. But since elm-format would move the comments around, this would require you to try and figure out how/where to place the comment, or the rule would need to be disabled for a bigger section of the code than wanted. Neither option provides a good experience.
• The more I think about it, the more I think that if you need to make an exception to your rule somewhere, then maybe the rule is not worth enforcing in the first place, and that you should probably remove it from your configuration.

It's a very all-or-nothing approach, but I prefer to start without the ability to disable rules, be convinced by good arguments and add it, rather than have it from the start with a not-so-great solution and have people write rules and add exceptions everywhere. Please let me know if and when you need it.

# Is there a way to automatically fix the reported errors?

There is none at the moment. Maybe this will happen at a later time.

# I have an idea for a rule, how can I get it integrated into elm-lint?

Please open an issue here so we can talk about it. Try to make your proposal look like this.

You can also write your rule using the API provided in this package in a new package or in your project directly. There is no need to have it in elm-lint to use it.

# I am writing my own rule, but some nodes are not visited / something is not working as expected.

I know about some missing pieces, and there are others that I don't know about as I haven't written any rules using those nodes. If something is not working, please open an issue.

# I want to know more!

I presented elm-lint a long time ago, before it was even remotely usable at the Paris Elm Meetup. Maybe it will teach you about it. Otherwise, just open an issue to ask your question or hit me on the Elm Slack channel, my username is jfmengels.