step9_interop -> stepA_interop stepA_more -> step9_try C: fix glib headers bash: behavior change of declare -A and pattern replacement. perl: squelch new 5.18 warnings related to switch/given statement. Also, include some in-progress interop related files.
3.7 KiB
mal - Make a Lisp
Description
Mal is an interpreter for a subset of the Clojure programming language. Mal is implemented from scratch in 14 different languages:
- Bash shell
- C
- C#
- Clojure
- Go
- Java
- Javascript (Online Demo)
- GNU Make
- mal itself
- Perl
- PHP
- Postscript
- Python
- Ruby
Mal is also a learning tool. Each implentation of mal is separated into 11 incremental, self-contained (and testable) steps that demonstrate core concepts of Lisp. The last step is capable of self-hosting (running the mal implemenation of mal).
The mal (make a lisp) steps are:
- step0_repl
- step1_read_print
- step2_eval
- step3_env
- step4_if_fn_do
- step5_tco
- step6_file
- step7_quote
- step8_macros
- step9_interop
- stepA_more
Mal was presented publicly for the first time in a lightning talk at Clojure West 2014 (unfortunately there is no video). See mal/clojurewest2014.mal for the presentation that was given at the conference (yes the presentation is a mal program).
Building/running implementations
Bash 4
cd bash
bash stepX_YYY.sh
C
The C implementation of mal requires the following libraries (lib and header packages): glib, libffi6 and either the libedit or GNU readline library.
cd c
make
./stepX_YYY
C#
The C# implementation of mal has been tested on Linux using the Mono C# compiler (mcs) and the Mono runtime (version 2.10.8.1). Both are required to build and run the C# implementation.
cd cs
make
mono ./stepX_YYY
Clojure
cd clojure
lein with-profile +stepX trampoline run
Go
cd go
make
./stepX_YYY
Java 1.7
The Java implementation of mal requires maven2 to build.
cd java
mvn compile
mvn -quiet exec:java -Dexec.mainClass=mal.stepX_YYY
# OR
mvn -quiet exec:java -Dexec.mainClass=mal.stepX_YYY -Dexec.args="CMDLINE_ARGS"
Javascript/Node
cd js
npm update
node stepX_YYY.js
Mal
Running the mal implementation of mal involves running stepA of one of the other implementations and passing the mal step to run as a command line argument.
cd IMPL
IMPL_STEPA_CMD ../mal/stepX_YYY.mal
GNU Make 3.81
cd make
make -f stepX_YYY.mk
Perl 5.8
For readline line editing support, install Term::ReadLine::Perl or Term::ReadLine::Gnu from CPAN.
cd perl
perl stepX_YYY.pl
PHP 5.3
The PHP implementation of mal requires the php command line interface to run.
cd php
php stepX_YYY.php
Postscript Level 2/3
The Postscript implementation of mal requires ghostscript to run. It has been tested with ghostscript 9.10.
cd ps
gs -q -dNODISPLAY -I./ stepX_YYY.ps
Python (2 or 3)
cd python
python stepX_YYY.py
Ruby (1.8)
cd ruby
ruby stepX_YYY.rb
Running tests
The are nearly 400 generic Mal tests (for all implementations) in the
tests/
directory. Each step has a corresponding test file containing
tests specific to that step. The runtest.py
test harness uses
pexpect to launch a Mal step implementation and then feeds the tests
one at a time to the implementation and compares the output/return
value to the expected output/return value.
To simplify the process of running tests, a top level Makefile is provided with convenient test targets.
- To run all the tests across all implementations (be prepared to wait):
make test
- To run all tests against a single implementation:
make test^IMPL
# e.g.
make test^clojure
make test^js
- To run tests for a single step against all implementations:
make test^stepX
# e.g.
make test^step2
make test^step7
- To run a specifc step against a single implementation:
make test^IMPL^stepX
# e.g
make test^ruby^step3
make test^ps^step4