playwright/docs/src/intro-js.md

id	title
intro	Getting started

Playwright can either be used as a part of the Playwright Test test runner (this guide), or as a Playwright Library.

Playwright Test was created specifically to accommodate the needs of the end-to-end testing. It does everything you would expect from the regular test runner, and more. Playwright test allows to:

• Run tests across all browsers.
• Execute tests in parallel.
• Enjoy context isolation out of the box.
• Capture videos, screenshots and other artifacts on failure.
• Integrate your POMs as extensible fixtures.

• Release notes

Installation

Playwright has its own test runner for end-to-end tests, we call it Playwright Test.

Using init command

The easiest way to get started with Playwright Test is to run the init command.

# Run from your project's root directory
npm init playwright
# Or create a new project
npm init playwright new-project

This will create a configuration file, optionally add examples, a GitHub Action workflow and a first test example.spec.ts. You can now jump directly to writing assertions section.

Manually

Add dependency and install browsers.

npm i -D @playwright/test
# install supported browsers
npx playwright install

You can optionally install only selected browsers, see install browsers for more details. Or you can install no browsers at all and use existing browser channels.

First test

Create tests/example.spec.js (or tests/example.spec.ts for TypeScript) to define your test.

const { test, expect } = require('@playwright/test');

test('basic test', async ({ page }) => {
  await page.goto('https://playwright.dev/');
  const title = page.locator('.navbar__inner .navbar__title');
  await expect(title).toHaveText('Playwright');
});

import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test('basic test', async ({ page }) => {
  await page.goto('https://playwright.dev/');
  const title = page.locator('.navbar__inner .navbar__title');
  await expect(title).toHaveText('Playwright');
});

Now run your tests, assuming that test files are in the tests directory.

npx playwright test

Playwright Test just ran a test using Chromium browser, in a headless manner. Let's tell it to use headed browser:

npx playwright test --headed

Configuration file

To enjoy all the features that Playwright Test has to offer, you would want to create a configuration file playwright.config.ts (or playwright.config.js). It allows you to run tests in multiple browsers configured as you'd like.

Here is an example configuration that runs every test in Chromium, Firefox and WebKit, by creating a "project" for each browser configuration. It also specifies two retries and tracing options.

// playwright.config.js
// @ts-check
const { devices } = require('@playwright/test');

/** @type {import('@playwright/test').PlaywrightTestConfig} */
const config = {
  forbidOnly: !!process.env.CI,
  retries: process.env.CI ? 2 : 0,
  use: {
    trace: 'on-first-retry',
  },
  projects: [
    {
      name: 'chromium',
      use: { ...devices['Desktop Chrome'] },
    },
    {
      name: 'firefox',
      use: { ...devices['Desktop Firefox'] },
    },
    {
      name: 'webkit',
      use: { ...devices['Desktop Safari'] },
    },
  ],
};

module.exports = config;

// playwright.config.ts
import { PlaywrightTestConfig, devices } from '@playwright/test';

const config: PlaywrightTestConfig = {
  forbidOnly: !!process.env.CI,
  retries: process.env.CI ? 2 : 0,
  use: {
    trace: 'on-first-retry',
  },
  projects: [
    {
      name: 'chromium',
      use: { ...devices['Desktop Chrome'] },
    },
    {
      name: 'firefox',
      use: { ...devices['Desktop Firefox'] },
    },
    {
      name: 'webkit',
      use: { ...devices['Desktop Safari'] },
    },
  ],
};
export default config;

Look for more options in the configuration section.

Now you can run tests in multiple browsers by default.

npx playwright test

Running 5 tests using 5 workers

  ✓ [chromium] › example.spec.ts:3:1 › basic test (2s)
  ✓ [firefox] › example.spec.ts:3:1 › basic test (2s)
  ✓ [webkit] › example.spec.ts:3:1 › basic test (2s)

Use --project command line option to run a single project.

npx playwright test --project=firefox

Running 1 test using 1 worker

  ✓ [firefox] › example.spec.ts:3:1 › basic test (2s)

Writing assertions

Playwright Test uses expect library for test assertions. It extends it with the Playwright-specific matchers to achieve greater testing ergonomics.

Learn more about test assertions here.

Here is a quick example of using them:

// example.spec.js
const { test, expect } = require('@playwright/test');

test('my test', async ({ page }) => {
  await page.goto('https://playwright.dev/');

  // Expect a title "to contain" a substring.
  await expect(page).toHaveTitle(/Playwright/);

  // Expect an attribute "to be strictly equal" to the value.
  await expect(page.locator('text=Get Started').first()).toHaveAttribute('href', '/docs/intro');

  await page.click('text=Get Started');
  // Expect some text to be visible on the page.
  await expect(page.locator('text=Introduction').first()).toBeVisible();
});

// example.spec.ts
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test('my test', async ({ page }) => {
  await page.goto('https://playwright.dev/');

  // Expect a title "to contain" a substring.
  await expect(page).toHaveTitle(/Playwright/);

  // Expect an attribute "to be strictly equal" to the value.
  await expect(page.locator('text=Get Started').first()).toHaveAttribute('href', '/docs/intro');

  await page.click('text=Get Started');
  // Expect some text to be visible on the page.
  await expect(page.locator('text=Introduction').first()).toBeVisible();
});

Using test fixtures

You noticed an argument { page } that the test above has access to:

test('basic test', async ({ page }) => {
  ...

test('basic test', async ({ page }) => {
  ...

We call these arguments fixtures. Fixtures are objects that are created for each test run. Playwright Test comes loaded with those fixtures, and you can add your own fixtures as well. When running tests, Playwright Test looks at each test declaration, analyses the set of fixtures the test needs and prepares those fixtures specifically for the test.

Here is a list of the pre-defined fixtures that you are likely to use most of the time:

Fixture	Type	Description
page	[Page]	Isolated page for this test run.
context	[BrowserContext]	Isolated context for this test run. The page fixture belongs to this context as well. Learn how to configure context.
browser	[Browser]	Browsers are shared across tests to optimize resources. Learn how to configure browser.
browserName	[string]	The name of the browser currently running the test. Either chromium, firefox or webkit.

Using test hooks

You can use test.beforeAll and test.afterAll hooks to set up and tear down resources shared between tests. And you can use test.beforeEach and test.afterEach hooks to set up and tear down resources for each test individually.

// example.spec.js
const { test, expect } = require('@playwright/test');

test.describe('feature foo', () => {
  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
    // Go to the starting url before each test.
    await page.goto('https://playwright.dev/');
  });

  test('my test', async ({ page }) => {
    // Assertions use the expect API.
    await expect(page).toHaveURL('https://playwright.dev/');
  });
});

// example.spec.ts
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test.describe('feature foo', () => {
  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
    // Go to the starting url before each test.
    await page.goto('https://playwright.dev/');
  });

  test('my test', async ({ page }) => {
    // Assertions use the expect API.
    await expect(page).toHaveURL('https://playwright.dev/');
  });
});

Command line

Following are the usual command line patterns. Learn more about the command line.

• Run all the tests

  npx playwright test
  

• Run a single test file

  npx playwright test tests/todo-page.spec.ts
  

• Run a set of test files

  npx playwright test tests/todo-page/ tests/landing-page/
  

• Run files that have my-spec or my-spec-2 in the file name

  npx playwright test my-spec my-spec-2
  

• Run the test with the title

  npx playwright test -g "add a todo item"
  

• Run tests in headed browsers

  npx playwright test --headed
  

• Run tests in a particular configuration (project)

  npx playwright test --project=firefox
  

• Disable parallelization

  npx playwright test --workers=1
  

• Choose a reporter

  npx playwright test --reporter=dot
  

• Run in debug mode with Playwright Inspector

  npx playwright test --debug
  

• Ask for help

  npx playwright test --help
  

Configure NPM scripts

Playwright Test will automatically pick up playwright.config.js or playwright.config.ts.

{
  "scripts": {
    "test": "playwright test"
  }
}

If you put your configuration file in a different place, pass it with --config option.

{
  "scripts": {
    "test": "playwright test --config=tests/example.config.js"
  }
}

:::note To pass options through npm script, use double dashes: npm run test -- --headed. :::